diff --git a/vm/code_block.cpp b/vm/code_block.cpp
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index aaf8e25866..ff569328be
--- a/vm/code_block.cpp
+++ b/vm/code_block.cpp
@@ -3,27 +3,47 @@
 namespace factor
 {
 
-static relocation_type relocation_type_of(relocation_entry r)
+relocation_type factorvm::relocation_type_of(relocation_entry r)
 {
 	return (relocation_type)((r & 0xf0000000) >> 28);
 }
 
-static relocation_class relocation_class_of(relocation_entry r)
+relocation_type relocation_type_of(relocation_entry r)
+{
+	return vm->relocation_type_of(r);
+}
+
+relocation_class factorvm::relocation_class_of(relocation_entry r)
 {
 	return (relocation_class)((r & 0x0f000000) >> 24);
 }
 
-static cell relocation_offset_of(relocation_entry r)
+relocation_class relocation_class_of(relocation_entry r)
+{
+	return vm->relocation_class_of(r);
+}
+
+cell factorvm::relocation_offset_of(relocation_entry r)
 {
 	return  (r & 0x00ffffff);
 }
 
-void flush_icache_for(code_block *block)
+cell relocation_offset_of(relocation_entry r)
+{
+	return vm->relocation_offset_of(r);
+}
+
+void factorvm::flush_icache_for(code_block *block)
 {
 	flush_icache((cell)block,block->size);
 }
 
-static int number_of_parameters(relocation_type type)
+void flush_icache_for(code_block *block)
+{
+	return vm->flush_icache_for(block);
+}
+
+int factorvm::number_of_parameters(relocation_type type)
 {
 	switch(type)
 	{
@@ -47,7 +67,12 @@ static int number_of_parameters(relocation_type type)
 	}
 }
 
-void *object_xt(cell obj)
+int number_of_parameters(relocation_type type)
+{
+	return vm->number_of_parameters(type);
+}
+
+void *factorvm::object_xt(cell obj)
 {
 	switch(tagged<object>(obj).type())
 	{
@@ -61,7 +86,12 @@ void *object_xt(cell obj)
 	}
 }
 
-static void *xt_pic(word *w, cell tagged_quot)
+void *object_xt(cell obj)
+{
+	return vm->object_xt(obj);
+}
+
+void *factorvm::xt_pic(word *w, cell tagged_quot)
 {
 	if(tagged_quot == F || max_pic_size == 0)
 		return w->xt;
@@ -75,25 +105,45 @@ static void *xt_pic(word *w, cell tagged_quot)
 	}
 }
 
-void *word_xt_pic(word *w)
+void *xt_pic(word *w, cell tagged_quot)
+{
+	return vm->xt_pic(w,tagged_quot);
+}
+
+void *factorvm::word_xt_pic(word *w)
 {
 	return xt_pic(w,w->pic_def);
 }
 
-void *word_xt_pic_tail(word *w)
+void *word_xt_pic(word *w)
+{
+	return vm->word_xt_pic(w);
+}
+
+void *factorvm::word_xt_pic_tail(word *w)
 {
 	return xt_pic(w,w->pic_tail_def);
 }
 
+void *word_xt_pic_tail(word *w)
+{
+	return vm->word_xt_pic_tail(w);
+}
+
 /* References to undefined symbols are patched up to call this function on
 image load */
-void undefined_symbol()
+void factorvm::undefined_symbol()
 {
 	general_error(ERROR_UNDEFINED_SYMBOL,F,F,NULL);
 }
 
+void undefined_symbol()
+{
+	return vm->undefined_symbol();
+}
+
 /* Look up an external library symbol referenced by a compiled code block */
-void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
+void *factorvm::get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
 {
 	cell symbol = array_nth(literals,index);
 	cell library = array_nth(literals,index + 1);
@@ -101,7 +151,7 @@ void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
 	dll *d = (library == F ? NULL : untag<dll>(library));
 
 	if(d != NULL && !d->dll)
-		return (void *)undefined_symbol;
+		return (void *)factor::undefined_symbol;
 
 	switch(tagged<object>(symbol).type())
 	{
@@ -114,7 +164,7 @@ void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
 				return sym;
 			else
 			{
-				return (void *)undefined_symbol;
+				return (void *)factor::undefined_symbol;
 			}
 		}
 	case ARRAY_TYPE:
@@ -129,15 +179,20 @@ void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
 				if(sym)
 					return sym;
 			}
-			return (void *)undefined_symbol;
+			return (void *)factor::undefined_symbol;
 		}
 	default:
 		critical_error("Bad symbol specifier",symbol);
-		return (void *)undefined_symbol;
+		return (void *)factor::undefined_symbol;
 	}
 }
 
-cell compute_relocation(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index)
+{
+	return vm->get_rel_symbol(literals,index);
+}
+
+cell factorvm::compute_relocation(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
 {
 	array *literals = untag<array>(compiled->literals);
 	cell offset = relocation_offset_of(rel) + (cell)compiled->xt();
@@ -179,7 +234,12 @@ cell compute_relocation(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
 #undef ARG
 }
 
-void iterate_relocations(code_block *compiled, relocation_iterator iter)
+cell compute_relocation(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->compute_relocation(rel,index,compiled);
+}
+
+void factorvm::iterate_relocations(code_block *compiled, relocation_iterator iter)
 {
 	if(compiled->relocation != F)
 	{
@@ -197,15 +257,25 @@ void iterate_relocations(code_block *compiled, relocation_iterator iter)
 	}
 }
 
+void iterate_relocations(code_block *compiled, relocation_iterator iter)
+{
+	return vm->iterate_relocations(compiled,iter);
+}
+
 /* Store a 32-bit value into a PowerPC LIS/ORI sequence */
-static void store_address_2_2(cell *ptr, cell value)
+void factorvm::store_address_2_2(cell *ptr, cell value)
 {
 	ptr[-1] = ((ptr[-1] & ~0xffff) | ((value >> 16) & 0xffff));
 	ptr[ 0] = ((ptr[ 0] & ~0xffff) | (value & 0xffff));
 }
 
+void store_address_2_2(cell *ptr, cell value)
+{
+	return vm->store_address_2_2(ptr,value);
+}
+
 /* Store a value into a bitfield of a PowerPC instruction */
-static void store_address_masked(cell *ptr, fixnum value, cell mask, fixnum shift)
+void factorvm::store_address_masked(cell *ptr, fixnum value, cell mask, fixnum shift)
 {
 	/* This is unaccurate but good enough */
 	fixnum test = (fixnum)mask >> 1;
@@ -215,8 +285,13 @@ static void store_address_masked(cell *ptr, fixnum value, cell mask, fixnum shif
 	*ptr = ((*ptr & ~mask) | ((value >> shift) & mask));
 }
 
+void store_address_masked(cell *ptr, fixnum value, cell mask, fixnum shift)
+{
+	return vm->store_address_masked(ptr,value,mask,shift);
+}
+
 /* Perform a fixup on a code block */
-void store_address_in_code_block(cell klass, cell offset, fixnum absolute_value)
+void factorvm::store_address_in_code_block(cell klass, cell offset, fixnum absolute_value)
 {
 	fixnum relative_value = absolute_value - offset;
 
@@ -261,7 +336,12 @@ void store_address_in_code_block(cell klass, cell offset, fixnum absolute_value)
 	}
 }
 
-void update_literal_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+void store_address_in_code_block(cell klass, cell offset, fixnum absolute_value)
+{
+	return vm->store_address_in_code_block(klass,offset,absolute_value);
+}
+
+void factorvm::update_literal_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
 {
 	if(relocation_type_of(rel) == RT_IMMEDIATE)
 	{
@@ -272,19 +352,29 @@ void update_literal_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block
 	}
 }
 
+void update_literal_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->update_literal_references_step(rel,index,compiled);
+}
+
 /* Update pointers to literals from compiled code. */
-void update_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::update_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	if(!compiled->needs_fixup)
 	{
-		iterate_relocations(compiled,update_literal_references_step);
+		iterate_relocations(compiled,factor::update_literal_references_step);
 		flush_icache_for(compiled);
 	}
 }
 
+void update_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->update_literal_references(compiled);
+}
+
 /* Copy all literals referenced from a code block to newspace. Only for
 aging and nursery collections */
-void copy_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::copy_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	if(collecting_gen >= compiled->last_scan)
 	{
@@ -307,8 +397,13 @@ void copy_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
 	}
 }
 
+void copy_literal_references(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->copy_literal_references(compiled);
+}
+
 /* Compute an address to store at a relocation */
-void relocate_code_block_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::relocate_code_block_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
 {
 #ifdef FACTOR_DEBUG
 	tagged<array>(compiled->literals).untag_check();
@@ -320,18 +415,28 @@ void relocate_code_block_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *comp
 				    compute_relocation(rel,index,compiled));
 }
 
-void update_word_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+void relocate_code_block_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->relocate_code_block_step(rel,index,compiled);
+}
+
+void factorvm::update_word_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
 {
 	relocation_type type = relocation_type_of(rel);
 	if(type == RT_XT || type == RT_XT_PIC || type == RT_XT_PIC_TAIL)
 		relocate_code_block_step(rel,index,compiled);
 }
 
+void update_word_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->update_word_references_step(rel,index,compiled);
+}
+
 /* Relocate new code blocks completely; updating references to literals,
 dlsyms, and words. For all other words in the code heap, we only need
 to update references to other words, without worrying about literals
 or dlsyms. */
-void update_word_references(code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::update_word_references(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	if(compiled->needs_fixup)
 		relocate_code_block(compiled);
@@ -346,30 +451,45 @@ void update_word_references(code_block *compiled)
 		heap_free(&code,compiled);
 	else
 	{
-		iterate_relocations(compiled,update_word_references_step);
+		iterate_relocations(compiled,factor::update_word_references_step);
 		flush_icache_for(compiled);
 	}
 }
 
-void update_literal_and_word_references(code_block *compiled)
+void update_word_references(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->update_word_references(compiled);
+}
+
+void factorvm::update_literal_and_word_references(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	update_literal_references(compiled);
 	update_word_references(compiled);
 }
 
-static void check_code_address(cell address)
+void update_literal_and_word_references(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->update_literal_and_word_references(compiled);
+}
+
+void factorvm::check_code_address(cell address)
 {
 #ifdef FACTOR_DEBUG
 	assert(address >= code.seg->start && address < code.seg->end);
 #endif
 }
 
+void check_code_address(cell address)
+{
+	return vm->check_code_address(address);
+}
+
 /* Update references to words. This is done after a new code block
 is added to the heap. */
 
 /* Mark all literals referenced from a word XT. Only for tenured
 collections */
-void mark_code_block(code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::mark_code_block(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	check_code_address((cell)compiled);
 
@@ -379,24 +499,39 @@ void mark_code_block(code_block *compiled)
 	copy_handle(&compiled->relocation);
 }
 
-void mark_stack_frame_step(stack_frame *frame)
+void mark_code_block(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->mark_code_block(compiled);
+}
+
+void factorvm::mark_stack_frame_step(stack_frame *frame)
 {
 	mark_code_block(frame_code(frame));
 }
 
+void mark_stack_frame_step(stack_frame *frame)
+{
+	return vm->mark_stack_frame_step(frame);
+}
+
 /* Mark code blocks executing in currently active stack frames. */
-void mark_active_blocks(context *stacks)
+void factorvm::mark_active_blocks(context *stacks)
 {
 	if(collecting_gen == data->tenured())
 	{
 		cell top = (cell)stacks->callstack_top;
 		cell bottom = (cell)stacks->callstack_bottom;
 
-		iterate_callstack(top,bottom,mark_stack_frame_step);
+		iterate_callstack(top,bottom,factor::mark_stack_frame_step);
 	}
 }
 
-void mark_object_code_block(object *object)
+void mark_active_blocks(context *stacks)
+{
+	return vm->mark_active_blocks(stacks);
+}
+
+void factorvm::mark_object_code_block(object *object)
 {
 	switch(object->h.hi_tag())
 	{
@@ -419,23 +554,33 @@ void mark_object_code_block(object *object)
 	case CALLSTACK_TYPE:
 		{
 			callstack *stack = (callstack *)object;
-			iterate_callstack_object(stack,mark_stack_frame_step);
+			iterate_callstack_object(stack,factor::mark_stack_frame_step);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+void mark_object_code_block(object *object)
+{
+	return vm->mark_object_code_block(object);
+}
+
 /* Perform all fixups on a code block */
-void relocate_code_block(code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::relocate_code_block(code_block *compiled)
 {
 	compiled->last_scan = data->nursery();
 	compiled->needs_fixup = false;
-	iterate_relocations(compiled,relocate_code_block_step);
+	iterate_relocations(compiled,factor::relocate_code_block_step);
 	flush_icache_for(compiled);
 }
 
+void relocate_code_block(code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->relocate_code_block(compiled);
+}
+
 /* Fixup labels. This is done at compile time, not image load time */
-void fixup_labels(array *labels, code_block *compiled)
+void factorvm::fixup_labels(array *labels, code_block *compiled)
 {
 	cell i;
 	cell size = array_capacity(labels);
@@ -452,8 +597,13 @@ void fixup_labels(array *labels, code_block *compiled)
 	}
 }
 
+void fixup_labels(array *labels, code_block *compiled)
+{
+	return vm->fixup_labels(labels,compiled);
+}
+
 /* Might GC */
-code_block *allot_code_block(cell size)
+code_block *factorvm::allot_code_block(cell size)
 {
 	heap_block *block = heap_allot(&code,size + sizeof(code_block));
 
@@ -480,13 +630,13 @@ code_block *allot_code_block(cell size)
 	return (code_block *)block;
 }
 
+code_block *allot_code_block(cell size)
+{
+	return vm->allot_code_block(size);
+}
+
 /* Might GC */
-code_block *add_code_block(
-	cell type,
-	cell code_,
-	cell labels_,
-	cell relocation_,
-	cell literals_)
+code_block *factorvm::add_code_block(cell type,cell code_,cell labels_,cell relocation_,cell literals_)
 {
 	gc_root<byte_array> code(code_);
 	gc_root<object> labels(labels_);
@@ -522,4 +672,9 @@ code_block *add_code_block(
 	return compiled;
 }
 
+code_block *add_code_block(cell type,cell code_,cell labels_,cell relocation_,cell literals_)
+{
+	return vm->add_code_block(type,code_,labels_,relocation_,literals_);
+}
+
 }
diff --git a/vm/vm.hpp b/vm/vm.hpp
index 8166adb556..e829417d0b 100644
--- a/vm/vm.hpp
+++ b/vm/vm.hpp
@@ -348,6 +348,40 @@ struct factorvm {
 	cell heap_size(heap *heap);
 	cell compute_heap_forwarding(heap *heap, unordered_map<heap_block *,char *> &forwarding);
 	void compact_heap(heap *heap, unordered_map<heap_block *,char *> &forwarding);
+
+	//code_block
+	relocation_type relocation_type_of(relocation_entry r);
+	relocation_class relocation_class_of(relocation_entry r);
+	cell relocation_offset_of(relocation_entry r);
+	void flush_icache_for(code_block *block);
+	int number_of_parameters(relocation_type type);
+	void *object_xt(cell obj);
+	void *xt_pic(word *w, cell tagged_quot);
+	void *word_xt_pic(word *w);
+	void *word_xt_pic_tail(word *w);
+	void undefined_symbol();
+	void *get_rel_symbol(array *literals, cell index);
+	cell compute_relocation(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled);
+	void iterate_relocations(code_block *compiled, relocation_iterator iter);
+	void store_address_2_2(cell *ptr, cell value);
+	void store_address_masked(cell *ptr, fixnum value, cell mask, fixnum shift);
+	void store_address_in_code_block(cell klass, cell offset, fixnum absolute_value);
+	void update_literal_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled);
+	void update_literal_references(code_block *compiled);
+	void copy_literal_references(code_block *compiled);
+	void relocate_code_block_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled);
+	void update_word_references_step(relocation_entry rel, cell index, code_block *compiled);
+	void update_word_references(code_block *compiled);
+	void update_literal_and_word_references(code_block *compiled);
+	void check_code_address(cell address);
+	void mark_code_block(code_block *compiled);
+	void mark_stack_frame_step(stack_frame *frame);
+	void mark_active_blocks(context *stacks);
+	void mark_object_code_block(object *object);
+	void relocate_code_block(code_block *compiled);
+	void fixup_labels(array *labels, code_block *compiled);
+	code_block *allot_code_block(cell size);
+	code_block *add_code_block(cell type,cell code_,cell labels_,cell relocation_,cell literals_);
 	// next method here: