diff --git a/vm/factor.cpp b/vm/factor.cpp
index 3052335882..f554292570 100644
--- a/vm/factor.cpp
+++ b/vm/factor.cpp
@@ -4,92 +4,6 @@ namespace factor {
 
 void init_globals() { init_mvm(); }
 
-void factor_vm::default_parameters(vm_parameters* p) {
-  p->embedded_image = false;
-  p->image_path = NULL;
-
-  p->datastack_size = 32 * sizeof(cell);
-  p->retainstack_size = 32 * sizeof(cell);
-
-#if defined(FACTOR_PPC)
-  p->callstack_size = 256 * sizeof(cell);
-#else
-  p->callstack_size = 128 * sizeof(cell);
-#endif
-
-  p->code_size = 64;
-  p->young_size = sizeof(cell) / 4;
-  p->aging_size = sizeof(cell) / 2;
-  p->tenured_size = 24 * sizeof(cell);
-
-  p->max_pic_size = 3;
-
-  p->fep = false;
-  p->signals = true;
-
-#ifdef WINDOWS
-  p->console = GetConsoleWindow() != NULL;
-#else
-  p->console = true;
-#endif
-
-  p->callback_size = 256;
-}
-
-bool factor_vm::factor_arg(const vm_char* str, const vm_char* arg,
-                           cell* value) {
-  int val;
-  if (SSCANF(str, arg, &val) > 0) {
-    *value = val;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-void factor_vm::init_parameters_from_args(vm_parameters* p, int argc,
-                                          vm_char** argv) {
-  default_parameters(p);
-  p->executable_path = argv[0];
-
-  int i = 0;
-
-  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-    vm_char* arg = argv[i];
-    if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("--")) == 0)
-      break;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-datastack=%d"),
-                        &p->datastack_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-retainstack=%d"),
-                        &p->retainstack_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-callstack=%d"),
-                        &p->callstack_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-young=%d"), &p->young_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-aging=%d"), &p->aging_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-tenured=%d"), &p->tenured_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-codeheap=%d"), &p->code_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-pic=%d"), &p->max_pic_size))
-      ;
-    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-callbacks=%d"),
-                        &p->callback_size))
-      ;
-    else if (STRNCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-i="), 3) == 0)
-      p->image_path = arg + 3;
-    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-fep")) == 0)
-      p->fep = true;
-    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-nosignals")) == 0)
-      p->signals = false;
-    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-console")) == 0)
-      p->console = true;
-  }
-}
-
 /* Compile code in boot image so that we can execute the startup quotation */
 /* Allocates memory */
 void factor_vm::prepare_boot_image() {
@@ -235,7 +149,7 @@ void factor_vm::factor_sleep(long us) {
 
 void factor_vm::start_standalone_factor(int argc, vm_char** argv) {
   vm_parameters p;
-  init_parameters_from_args(&p, argc, argv);
+  p.init_from_args(argc, argv);
   init_factor(&p);
   pass_args_to_factor(argc, argv);
 
@@ -256,7 +170,8 @@ factor_vm* new_factor_vm() {
 
 VM_C_API void start_standalone_factor(int argc, vm_char** argv) {
   factor_vm* newvm = new_factor_vm();
-  return newvm->start_standalone_factor(argc, argv);
+  newvm->start_standalone_factor(argc, argv);
+  delete newvm;
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/vm/factor.hpp b/vm/factor.hpp
index 3e2c097368..d042d3a165 100644
--- a/vm/factor.hpp
+++ b/vm/factor.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ VM_C_API void init_globals();
 factor_vm* new_factor_vm();
 VM_C_API void start_standalone_factor(int argc, vm_char** argv);
 
+// image
+bool factor_arg(const vm_char* str, const vm_char* arg, cell* value);
+
 // objects
 cell object_size(cell tagged);
 
diff --git a/vm/image.cpp b/vm/image.cpp
index 60b4967ac9..f04097b46c 100644
--- a/vm/image.cpp
+++ b/vm/image.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,88 @@
 
 namespace factor {
 
+bool factor_arg(const vm_char* str, const vm_char* arg, cell* value) {
+  int val;
+  if (SSCANF(str, arg, &val) > 0) {
+    *value = val;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+vm_parameters::vm_parameters() {
+  embedded_image = false;
+  image_path = NULL;
+
+  datastack_size = 32 * sizeof(cell);
+  retainstack_size = 32 * sizeof(cell);
+
+#if defined(FACTOR_PPC)
+  callstack_size = 256 * sizeof(cell);
+#else
+  callstack_size = 128 * sizeof(cell);
+#endif
+
+  code_size = 64;
+  young_size = sizeof(cell) / 4;
+  aging_size = sizeof(cell) / 2;
+  tenured_size = 24 * sizeof(cell);
+
+  max_pic_size = 3;
+
+  fep = false;
+  signals = true;
+
+#ifdef WINDOWS
+  console = GetConsoleWindow() != NULL;
+#else
+  console = true;
+#endif
+
+  callback_size = 256;
+}
+
+void vm_parameters::init_from_args(int argc, vm_char** argv) {
+  executable_path = argv[0];
+
+  int i = 0;
+
+  for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    vm_char* arg = argv[i];
+    if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("--")) == 0)
+      break;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-datastack=%d"),
+                        &datastack_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-retainstack=%d"),
+                        &retainstack_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-callstack=%d"),
+                        &callstack_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-young=%d"), &young_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-aging=%d"), &aging_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-tenured=%d"), &tenured_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-codeheap=%d"), &code_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-pic=%d"), &max_pic_size))
+      ;
+    else if (factor_arg(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-callbacks=%d"), &callback_size))
+      ;
+    else if (STRNCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-i="), 3) == 0)
+      image_path = arg + 3;
+    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-fep")) == 0)
+      fep = true;
+    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-nosignals")) == 0)
+      signals = false;
+    else if (STRCMP(arg, STRING_LITERAL("-console")) == 0)
+      console = true;
+  }
+}
+
 void factor_vm::load_data_heap(FILE* file, image_header* h, vm_parameters* p) {
   p->tenured_size = std::max((h->data_size * 3) / 2, p->tenured_size);
 
diff --git a/vm/image.hpp b/vm/image.hpp
index c43e8e9fc7..36709b2ec1 100644
--- a/vm/image.hpp
+++ b/vm/image.hpp
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ struct vm_parameters {
   bool signals;
   cell max_pic_size;
   cell callback_size;
+
+  vm_parameters();
+  void init_from_args(int argc, vm_char** argv);
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/vm/vm.hpp b/vm/vm.hpp
index d21172ea1b..f737fcd763 100644
--- a/vm/vm.hpp
+++ b/vm/vm.hpp
@@ -694,9 +694,6 @@ struct factor_vm {
   void set_fpu_state(cell state);
 
   // factor
-  void default_parameters(vm_parameters* p);
-  bool factor_arg(const vm_char* str, const vm_char* arg, cell* value);
-  void init_parameters_from_args(vm_parameters* p, int argc, vm_char** argv);
   void prepare_boot_image();
   void init_factor(vm_parameters* p);
   void pass_args_to_factor(int argc, vm_char** argv);