diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/africa b/extra/zoneinfo/africa index 0a6185d6ef..5f4f8ebc50 100644 --- a/extra/zoneinfo/africa +++ b/extra/zoneinfo/africa @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ -# @(#)africa 8.18 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# .
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@
 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
 #	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
 #	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
-#	 2:44:45 BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
+#	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
@@ -115,8 +120,12 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Botswana
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
+# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
+			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
 			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
 			2:00	-	CAT
@@ -188,6 +197,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 
 # Egypt
 
+# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
+# observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
+# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
+# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -210,7 +224,21 @@ Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-Rule	Egypt	1995	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
+# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
+# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
+# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
+#
+# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
+# 
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
+# 
+Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
@@ -222,7 +250,7 @@ Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	23:00s	0	-
 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
-# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 
+# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
@@ -236,10 +264,85 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
-Rule	Egypt	2008	max	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+
+# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
+# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
+#
+# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Apr 23
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
+# Apr 24
+# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+#
+# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
+# :59)
+# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
+#
+# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
+#
+# [1] 
+# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# 
+# [2] 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# 
+# [3] 
+# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
+# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
+# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
+# in September.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
+# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
+# Information and Decision Support Center:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
+# 
+#
+# The Middle East News Agency
+# 
+# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
+# 
+# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
+# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
+# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
+# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
+# (at least today).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
+# According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
+# Ramadan.
+#
+# Arabic translation:
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
+# 
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
+# 
+
+Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	10	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	23:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
+Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
@@ -305,7 +408,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
 			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
-			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1960
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Lesotho
@@ -334,6 +437,20 @@ Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 
 # Libya
 
+# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
+# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
+# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
+# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
+#
+# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
+# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
+# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
+# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
+# lastFri instead of lastSun).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -348,17 +465,21 @@ Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	2013	max	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Libya	2013	max	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
-# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
-			1:00	-	CET	1997 Apr  4
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1997 Oct  4
-			2:00	-	EET
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
+			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10 2:00
+			1:00	Libya	CE%sT
 
 # Madagascar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -391,7 +512,7 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 # basis....
-# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 
+# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 
@@ -415,12 +536,12 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
-# 
-# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 
-# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 
-# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 
-# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 
-# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 
+#
+# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
+# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
+# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
+# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
+# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 # changes two days later.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
@@ -438,8 +559,8 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 
 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# 
-# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+# 
+# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 # 
 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 #
@@ -461,11 +582,33 @@ Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 # 
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
+# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
+# DST the coming summer...
+#
+# Some sources, in French:
+# 
+# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
+# 
+# 
+# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
+# 
+#
+# Our wrap-up:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
+# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
+# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
+# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
-Rule Mauritius	2008	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule Mauritius	2009	max	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
 			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
@@ -551,8 +694,8 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
-# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 
-# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 
+# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
+# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 # of September:
 #
 # One article about it (in French):
@@ -598,6 +741,146 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 # 
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
+# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
+# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
+# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
+#
+# Example:
+# 
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
+# 
+# (French)
+# Our page:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
+# 
+
+# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
+# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
+# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
+# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
+# ...Official links of change in morocco
+# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
+# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
+# +212.537.71.84.00
+# 
+# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
+# 
+# They said that
+# 
+# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
+# 
+# is the official publication to look at.
+# They said that the decision was already taken.
+#
+# More articles in the press
+# 
+# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
+# 
+# e.html
+# 
+# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
+# 
+# 
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
+# anche-prochain-5538.html
+# 
+
+# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
+# They have it written in English here:
+# 
+# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
+# 
+#
+# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
+# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
+# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
+# also been like that in the past.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
+# 
+# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
+# 
+# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
+# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
+# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
+# except the month of Ramadan.
+# or (brief)
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
+# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
+# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
+# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
+# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
+# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
+
+# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
+# Seen Morocco change again:
+# 
+# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
+# 
+# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
+
+# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
+# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
+# 
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
+# 
+#
+# Google translation, lightly edited:
+# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
+# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
+# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
+# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
+# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
+# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
+# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
+# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
+# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
+# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
+# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
+# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
+# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
+# .
+#
+# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
+# transition dates for 2013 through 2021 were determined by running
+# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
+#
+# (let ((islamic-year 1434))
+#   (while (< islamic-year 1444)
+#     (let ((a
+#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
+#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
+#	    (b
+#	     (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
+#	      (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
+#	(insert
+#	 (format
+#	  (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
+#		  "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+#	  (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+#	  (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+#
+# with the results hand-edited for 2020-2022, when the normal spring-forward
+# date falls during the estimated Ramadan.
+#
+# From 2023 through 2038 Ramadan is not predicted to overlap with
+# daylight saving time.  Starting in 2039 there will be overlap again,
+# but 32-bit time_t values roll around in 2038 so for now do not worry
+# about dates after 2038.
+
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
@@ -619,6 +902,33 @@ Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	 21	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	 31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	2019	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	max	-	Sep	 lastSun 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	 20	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	 20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	  9	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	  8	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	 29	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jul	 29	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	 18	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	 18	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	  7	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	  7	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	 27	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jun	 26	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	 16	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	 15	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	  6	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	  5	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	 24	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	 13	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	  3	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2023	max	-	Apr	 lastSun 2:00	1:00	S
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
@@ -646,7 +956,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 # of the country.
-# 
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
 # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
@@ -783,6 +1093,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
+# South Sudan
+Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
+			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
 # Swaziland
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
@@ -792,7 +1107,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT	1948
-			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Togo
@@ -860,6 +1175,24 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
+# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
+#
+# (translation):
+# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
+# Sunday...
+# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
+# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# 
+# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
+# 
+# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
@@ -886,8 +1219,7 @@ Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	2010	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	2010	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
@@ -901,7 +1233,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
 Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
 			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
-			2:44:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Zambia
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/antarctica b/extra/zoneinfo/antarctica
index ef279cbeda..d55924bddf 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/antarctica
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/antarctica
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)antarctica	8.4
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
@@ -17,18 +18,6 @@
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	RussAQ	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	RussAQ	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	RussAQ	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	RussAQ	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	RussAQ	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	RussAQ	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
-Rule	RussAQ	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	RussAQ	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	RussAQ	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-
 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -52,9 +41,45 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
+# which is used below in specifying the transition.
+Rule	ChileAQ	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 
+# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
+Rule	AusAQ	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
+Rule	ATAQ	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	ATAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
@@ -78,15 +103,74 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
 #	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
+# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
+# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
+# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
+# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
+# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
+#
+# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
+# 
+# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
+# 
+#
+# We have more background information here:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
+# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
+# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
+# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
+# on 4 April.
+#
+# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
+# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
+# has not been decided yet.
+#
+# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
+# 20:00 UTC.
+#
+# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
+#
+# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
+# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
+#
+# Background:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
+# 
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
-			8:00	-	WST	# Western (Aus) Standard Time
+			8:00	-	WST	2009 Oct 18 2:00
+						# Western (Aus) Standard Time
+			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar 5 2:00
+						# Casey Time
+			8:00	-	WST	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			8:00	-	WST
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
 			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov # Davis Time
 			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
+			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	MAWT	# Mawson Time
+			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
+						# Mawson Time
+			5:00	-	MAWT
+Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1911
+			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
+			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
+			10:00	AusAQ	EST	1967
+			10:00	ATAQ	EST	2010 Apr 4 3:00
+			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie Island Time
 # References:
 # 
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/asia b/extra/zoneinfo/asia
index 2c3dc38b8f..1f09fa35a5 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/asia
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/asia
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-# @(#)asia	8.30
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# .
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
@@ -92,6 +97,21 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
+# follow Russia's "old" rules.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
+# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
+# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
+#
+# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
+# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
+# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
+# or
+# (brief)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
@@ -99,7 +119,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s
+			4:00	-	AMT
 
 # Azerbaijan
 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
@@ -125,6 +146,109 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Bangladesh
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
+# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
+# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
+#
+# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
+# 
+# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
+# 
+#
+# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
+# June
+# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
+# crippling power crisis. "
+#
+# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
+# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
+# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
+# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
+#
+# Some sources:
+# 
+# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
+# 
+# 
+# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
+# 
+#
+# Our wrap-up:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
+# 
+
+# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
+# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
+# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
+# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
+#
+# No DST end date has been announced yet.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
+# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
+# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
+#
+# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
+# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
+# 
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
+# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
+# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
+# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
+# "continue for an indefinite period."
+#
+# One of many places where it is published:
+# 
+# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
+# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
+#
+# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
+# 
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
+# 
+# and
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
+# 
+#
+# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
+# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
+# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
+# Minister's Office last night..."
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
+# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+# 
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
+# 
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
@@ -132,7 +256,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
-			6:00	-	BDT	# Bangladesh Time
+			6:00	-	BDT	2009
+			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -158,9 +283,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
 # Burma / Myanmar
+
+# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
-			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
+			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
 			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
@@ -239,11 +367,11 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 #
 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 
-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 
-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 
-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 
-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 
+# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
+# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
+# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
+# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
+# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
@@ -263,7 +391,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
 # most of China
-Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
+# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
+Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:57	-	LMT	1928
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
@@ -291,33 +420,171 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
 # and Yarkand.
+
+# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
+# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
+# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
+# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
+# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
+# they implicitly use Beijing time.
+#
+# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
+# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
+# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
+# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
+# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
+# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
+#
+# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
+# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
+# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
+#
+# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
+# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
+# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
+# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
+# others moving their clocks ahead.)
+#
+# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
+#
+# The first few lines of the Google translation of
+# 
+# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
+# 
+# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
+# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
+# > 500 million yuan
+# >
+# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
+# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
+# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
+# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
+
+# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
+# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
+# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
+#
+# 1. Wulumuqi...
+# 2. Kashi...
+# 3. Urumqi...
+# 4. Kashgar...
+# ...
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
+# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
+#
+# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
+# start date for Xinjiang time.
+#
+# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
+# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
+# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
+# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
+
 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
 			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
+
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+
+# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
+
+# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
+# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
+# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
+# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
+# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
+# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
+# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
+# obtained from
+# 
+# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# .
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# Here are the dates given at
+# 
+# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# 
+# as of 2009-10-28:
+# Year        Period
+# 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
+# 1942        Whole year
+# 1943        Whole year
+# 1944        Whole year
+# 1945        Whole year
+# 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
+# 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
+# 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
+# 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
+# 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
+# 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
+# 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
+# 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
+# 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
+# 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
+# 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
+# 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
+# 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
+# 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
+# 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
+# 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
+# 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
+# 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
+# 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
+# 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
+# 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
+# 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
+# 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
+# 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
+# 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
+# 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
+# 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
+# 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
+# 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1977        Nil
+# 1978        Nil
+# 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
+# 1980 to Now Nil
+# The page does not give start or end times of day.
+# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
+# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
+# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
+# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
+# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
+Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
+Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
-Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1965	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
-Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
+Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
+Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
+Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
+			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
-
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
@@ -326,6 +593,28 @@ Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
 # have any other information.
 
+# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
+# According to Taiwan's CWB,
+# 
+# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
+# 
+# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
+# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
+# Decade 	                                                    Name                      Start and end date
+# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time               May 1 to September 30
+# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952)                 Daylight Saving Time      March 1 to October 31
+# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to October 31
+# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years)            Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959)       Summer Time               April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961)       Summer Time               June 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
+# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD)       Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD)       Stop Daylight Saving Time
+# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979)                        Daylight Saving Time      July 1 to September 30
+# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980)                  Stop Daylight Saving Time
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
@@ -336,8 +625,9 @@ Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
@@ -367,6 +657,9 @@ Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Cyprus
+#
+# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
@@ -891,15 +1184,15 @@ Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
 #  (2005-02-20)
 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
-# to generate the transitions in this list.
+# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
-# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
+# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
 #
-# Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+# Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 #
 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
@@ -916,39 +1209,39 @@ Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2012	2015	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2017	2021	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2023	2032	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2034	2037	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	S
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
+# Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
+# past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
+# Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
+# before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013.  Hence, although the
+# changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
+#
+# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
+# DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
+# second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
+# later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
+# [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05):
+# The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the
+# Time Decree Law making the changes ... law.
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2013	2026	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	Mon>=3	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2028	max	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
+# The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
+# versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e.,
+# through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
+#Rule	Zion	2028	2053	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
+#Rule	Zion	2054	only	-	Oct	Mon>=3	2:00	0	S
+#Rule	Zion	2055	2080	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
+#Rule	Zion	2081	only	-	Oct	Mon>=3	2:00	0	S
+#Rule	Zion	2082	max	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
@@ -1083,6 +1376,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
+# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
+# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
+# until about the same time next year (at least).
+# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
+# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure.  If it becomes
+# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1107,11 +1410,12 @@ Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	2002	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	2002	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2006	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2013	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
@@ -1514,8 +1818,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 
 # Oman
+
+# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
+Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Pakistan
@@ -1556,15 +1863,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
-# 
-# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 
+#
+# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
-# 
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 
-# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 
-# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 
+#
+# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
+# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
+# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
 # ...."
-# 
+#
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
 # 
@@ -1619,8 +1926,79 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
 # conserve energy"
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-10):
-# Assume for now that Pakistan will end DST in 2009 as it did in 2008.
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
+# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
+# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
+# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
+# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
+# this regard."
+# 
+# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
+# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
+# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
+# 1, 2009.
+#
+# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
+# 
+# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
+# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
+# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
+# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
+# > 1, 2009.
+#
+# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
+# 
+# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
+# 
+# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
+# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
+# Monday."
+#
+# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
+# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
+# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
+# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
+#
+# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
+# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
+# 
+
+# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
+# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
+# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
+# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
+# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
+# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
+# >
+# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
+# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
+# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
+# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
+# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
+#
+# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
+# 
+# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
+# 
+#
+# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
+# 
+# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
+# 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
@@ -1629,6 +2007,7 @@ Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
@@ -1690,8 +2069,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
-# to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
-# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
+# to Palestine's rules.
 
 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
@@ -1781,7 +2159,144 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
 # 
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
+# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
+# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
+#
+# One news source:
+# 
+# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
+# 
+# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
+# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
+# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
+# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
+# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
+#
+# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
+# end date, we will keep this page updated:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
+# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
+#
+# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
+# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
+#
+# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
+# (from Palestinian National Authority):
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
+# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
+# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
+# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
+#
+# 
+# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
+# 
+# (in Arabic)
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
+# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
+# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
+# noon though:
+#
+# 
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
+# 
+# (Ma'an News Agency)
+# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
+# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
+# According to several sources, including
+# 
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
+# 
+# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
+# Gaza and the West Bank.
+# Some more background info:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
+# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
+# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
+# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
+# Ramadan.
+#
+# 
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
+# 
+# Additional info:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
+# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
+# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
+# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
+# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
+# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
+# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
+# ...
+# 
+# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
+# 
 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
+# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
+# 00:00).
+# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
+#
+# Many sources, including:
+# 
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
+# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
+# Some of many sources in Arabic:
+# 
+# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
+# 
+#
+# 
+# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
+# 
+#
+# Our brief summary:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
+# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been
+# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during...
+# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012."
+# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1797,9 +2312,16 @@ Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2006	2008	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Aug	lastFri	2:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2009	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2009	max	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Aug	lastFri	0:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	2:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSat	0:01	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
+# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12):
+# 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
@@ -1807,7 +2329,26 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Apr  2 12:01
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Aug  1
+			2:00	-	EET	2012 Mar 30
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	2012 Sep 21 1:00
+			2:00	-	EET
+
+Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
+			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
+			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
+			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug
+			2:00 	1:00	EEST	2008 Sep
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Apr  1 12:01
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Aug  1
+			2:00	-	EET	2011 Aug 30
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Sep 30 3:00
+			2:00	-	EET	2012 Mar 30
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	2012 Sep 21 1:00
+			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
@@ -1876,6 +2417,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 # no information
 
 # Sri Lanka
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
+# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
+# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
+# Shanks and Pottenger.
+
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
@@ -2000,19 +2548,19 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
-# 
+#
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
-# 
+#
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
-# 
+#
 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
-# 
+#
 # which using Google's translate tools says:
-# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 
-# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 
+# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
+# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
@@ -2077,9 +2625,50 @@ Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
 # 
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
+# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
+# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
+# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
+# 
+# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
+# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
+# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
+# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
+# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
+# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
+# 
+# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
+# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
+#
+# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
+# 
+# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
+# 
+#
+# Our brief summary:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
+# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
+
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	2008	max	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
@@ -2134,6 +2723,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 
 # Vietnam
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
+# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
+# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
+# and Pottenger.
+
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
@@ -2147,6 +2742,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Yemen
+
+# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
+# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
+Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/australasia b/extra/zoneinfo/australasia
index 41608cdc34..58df73d5d7 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/australasia
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/australasia
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)australasia	8.9
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
@@ -82,14 +83,13 @@ Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1990	only	-	Mar	Sun>=18	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=18	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	Sun>=18	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
+Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
@@ -246,11 +246,103 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
 # Fiji
+
+# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
+# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
+# from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
+#
+# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
+# 
+# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
+# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
+# amendments:
+# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
+# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
+# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
+# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
+# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
+#
+# Official source:
+# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
+# 
+#
+# A bit more background info here:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
+# 
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
+# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
+# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
+# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
+# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
+# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# 
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
+# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
+# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
+#
+# 
+# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# 
+# which says
+# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
+# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
+# 2am on February 26 next year.
+
+# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
+# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
+# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
+#
+# 
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# 
+# states:
+#
+# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
+# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
+# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
+# on the  23rd of October, 2011.
+
+# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
+# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
+# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
+# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
+# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=18	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Fiji	2012	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
+Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
@@ -304,10 +396,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Truk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			10:00	-	TRUT			# Truk Time
-Zone Pacific/Ponape	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
-			11:00	-	PONT			# Ponape Time
+Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
+			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
+			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
@@ -425,10 +517,146 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
 
 # Samoa
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
+# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
+# the following info:
+#
+# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
+# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
+# Sunday of April 2011."
+#
+# Background info:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
+# 
+#
+# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
+# contain any dates:
+# 
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
+# 
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
+# Please see
+# 
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
+# ,
+# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
+# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
+# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
+# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
+# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
+# 
+# www.mcil.gov.ws
+# 
+#
+# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
+#
+# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
+# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
+# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
+#
+# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
+# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
+# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
+# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
+#
+# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
+# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
+
+# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
+# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
+#
+# 
+# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
+# 
+
+# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
+# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
+# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
+# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
+# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
+# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
+# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
+#
+# International Date Line Bill 2011
+#
+# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
+# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
+# Line, and for related purposes.
+#
+# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
+# assembled as follows:
+#
+# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
+# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
+# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
+# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
+#
+# [snip]
+#
+# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
+# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
+# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
+#
+# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
+# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
+# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
+# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
+# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
+# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
+# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
+# it defines Samoa standard time....
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
+# 
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+# 
+#
+# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
+#
+# DST
+# Year	End	Time	Start	Time
+# 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am
+# 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -
+#
+# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
+# Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
+# Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
+#
+# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
+# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
+# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
+# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
+#
+# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
+# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
+# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
+#
+# Please find link below for more information.
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+#
+# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
+# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
+# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
+
+# Western Samoa
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
+Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
-			-11:00	-	WST			# Samoa Time
+			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26
+			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00
+			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00
+			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30
+			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
+			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
@@ -437,9 +665,28 @@ Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
+# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
+# December 31 this year ...
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
+# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
+# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
+# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
+# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
+# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
+# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
+# , page 65, says Tokelau
+# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
+# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:00	-	TKT	# Tokelau Time
+			-11:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time
+			13:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -536,9 +783,9 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
@@ -556,6 +803,10 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# .
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
@@ -1100,7 +1351,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
-# instead of only 30 minutes.  Dependant on the wishes of residents
+# instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
 # arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
@@ -1119,6 +1370,27 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
+# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
+# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
+# summer (southern hemisphere).
+#
+# From
+# 
+# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
+# 
+# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
+# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
+# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
+# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
+# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
+# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
+# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
+#
+# We have a wrap-up here:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
+# 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
@@ -1205,7 +1477,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
+# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/backward b/extra/zoneinfo/backward
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc7769fb1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/backward
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file provides links between current names for time zones
+# and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
+
+Link	Africa/Asmara		Africa/Asmera
+Link	Africa/Bamako		Africa/Timbuktu
+Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
+Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
+Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
+Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Catamarca
+Link	America/Atikokan	America/Coral_Harbour
+Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Cordoba
+Link	America/Tijuana		America/Ensenada
+Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
+Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Indianapolis
+Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Jujuy
+Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
+Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
+Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
+Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
+Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
+Link	America/St_Thomas	America/Virgin
+Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
+Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
+Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
+Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
+Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
+Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
+Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
+Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
+Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
+Link	Asia/Makassar		Asia/Ujung_Pandang
+Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
+Link	Atlantic/Faroe		Atlantic/Faeroe
+Link	Europe/Oslo		Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
+Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/ACT
+Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Canberra
+Link	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/LHI
+Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/NSW
+Link	Australia/Darwin	Australia/North
+Link	Australia/Brisbane	Australia/Queensland
+Link	Australia/Adelaide	Australia/South
+Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Tasmania
+Link	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/Victoria
+Link	Australia/Perth		Australia/West
+Link	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Yancowinna
+Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre
+Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
+Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
+Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
+Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
+Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
+Link	America/Regina		Canada/East-Saskatchewan
+Link	America/Toronto		Canada/Eastern
+Link	America/Edmonton	Canada/Mountain
+Link	America/St_Johns	Canada/Newfoundland
+Link	America/Vancouver	Canada/Pacific
+Link	America/Regina		Canada/Saskatchewan
+Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
+Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
+Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
+Link	America/Havana		Cuba
+Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
+Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
+Link	Europe/London		Europe/Belfast
+Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
+Link	Europe/London		GB
+Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT-0
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT0
+Link	Etc/GMT			Greenwich
+Link	Asia/Hong_Kong		Hongkong
+Link	Atlantic/Reykjavik	Iceland
+Link	Asia/Tehran		Iran
+Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Israel
+Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
+Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
+Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
+Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
+Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
+Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
+Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
+Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
+Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
+Link	America/Denver		Navajo
+Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
+Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
+Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Yap
+Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
+Link	Pacific/Pohnpei		Pacific/Ponape
+Link	Europe/Warsaw		Poland
+Link	Europe/Lisbon		Portugal
+Link	Asia/Taipei		ROC
+Link	Asia/Seoul		ROK
+Link	Asia/Singapore		Singapore
+Link	Europe/Istanbul		Turkey
+Link	Etc/UCT			UCT
+Link	America/Anchorage	US/Alaska
+Link	America/Adak		US/Aleutian
+Link	America/Phoenix		US/Arizona
+Link	America/Chicago		US/Central
+Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	US/East-Indiana
+Link	America/New_York	US/Eastern
+Link	Pacific/Honolulu	US/Hawaii
+Link	America/Indiana/Knox	US/Indiana-Starke
+Link	America/Detroit		US/Michigan
+Link	America/Denver		US/Mountain
+Link	America/Los_Angeles	US/Pacific
+Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	US/Samoa
+Link	Etc/UTC			UTC
+Link	Etc/UTC			Universal
+Link	Europe/Moscow		W-SU
+Link	Etc/UTC			Zulu
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/etcetera b/extra/zoneinfo/etcetera
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9ff729383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/etcetera
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
+# people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
+# to a time zone that was right for their area.  These days, the
+# tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, and the only practical
+# need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
+# that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
+
+Zone	Etc/GMT		0	-	GMT
+Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
+Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
+
+# The following link uses older naming conventions,
+# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
+# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
+# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
+
+Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Universal
+Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Zulu
+
+Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/Greenwich
+Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT-0
+Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT+0
+Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
+
+# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations,
+# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
+# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
+# positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
+# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC
+# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
+# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+#
+# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
+# TZ='+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
+# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'.  Thus the commonly-expected
+# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display)
+# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used
+# for calculation).
+#
+# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind
+# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
+
+# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
+# and had lines such as
+#		Zone	GMT-12		-12	-	GMT-1200
+# We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old
+# way does a
+#		zic -l GMT-12
+# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
+
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	GMT-14	# 14 hours ahead of GMT
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	GMT-13
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	GMT-12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	GMT-11
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	GMT-10
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	GMT-9
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	GMT-8
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	GMT-7
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	GMT-6
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	GMT-5
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	GMT-4
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	GMT-3
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	GMT-2
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	GMT-1
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	GMT+1
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	GMT+2
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	GMT+3
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	GMT+4
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	GMT+5
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	GMT+6
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	GMT+7
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	GMT+8
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	GMT+9
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	GMT+10
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	GMT+11
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	GMT+12
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/europe b/extra/zoneinfo/europe
index 09f3e1e75c..5081a525ca 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/europe
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/europe
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)europe	8.20
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
@@ -29,6 +30,12 @@
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	 (1914-03)
 #
+#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+#	.  He writes:
+#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
+#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
+#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
+#
 #	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
 #	
 #	History of Summer Time
@@ -144,7 +151,7 @@
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
@@ -209,9 +216,15 @@
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
-# 
+# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
+# 
 # History of legal time in Britain
 # 
+# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
+# exists, and the article can now be found at:
+# 
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+# 
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
@@ -457,7 +470,7 @@ Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
-# 
+# 
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
 # 
@@ -559,9 +572,28 @@ Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
+# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
+# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
+# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
+#
+# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
+# 
+# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
+# 
+#
+# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
+# 
+# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
+# to be standard.
 
 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 
@@ -640,6 +672,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Austria
 
+# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
@@ -657,7 +691,7 @@ Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
+Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
@@ -667,6 +701,23 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
+# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
+# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
+# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
+#
+# Sources (Russian language):
+# 1.
+# 
+# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
+# 
+# 2.
+# 
+# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
+# 
+# 3.
+# 
+# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+# 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
@@ -678,7 +729,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
 
 # Belgium
 #
@@ -1011,22 +1063,47 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
-#
+
 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
+
+# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time
-# since 1981.  Go with Strang instead.
+# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
+# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
+# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
+# according to the central European standards.
 #
+# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
+# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
+# Finnish) at
+#
+# 
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
+# 
+#
+# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
+# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
+#
+# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
+#
+# 
+# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
+# 
+#
+# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
+# exist tonight."
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
-			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00
+			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Aaland Is
@@ -1087,10 +1164,10 @@ Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
+# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
-# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
+# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
@@ -1170,6 +1247,21 @@ Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
+# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
+# Busingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
+# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
+# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
+# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
+#
+# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+
+Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
+
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
@@ -1591,6 +1683,41 @@ Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 # But [two people] separately reported via
 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
+# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
+# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
+# to the Winter Time).
+#
+# News (in Russian):
+# 
+# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
+# 
+#
+# 
+# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
+# 
+#
+# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
+# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
+# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
+# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
+#
+# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
+# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
+# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
+# decision to abolish DST this winter.
+# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
+# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
+# News from Moldova (in russian):
+# 
+# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
+# 
+
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
@@ -1759,7 +1886,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 #
 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
 # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
-# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
+# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
@@ -1939,6 +2066,70 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 
 # Russia
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
+# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
+# (Government document
+# 
+# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
+# 
+# in Russian)
+# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
+# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
+# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
+# 
+
+# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
+# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
+# 
+# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
+# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
+# changed in September 2011:
+#
+# One source is
+# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
+# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
+# 
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
+# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# 
+# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
+# 
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
+# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
+# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
+# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
+# does not contain any "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# 
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
+# 
+# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
+# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
+#
+# The Wikipedia article refers to
+# 
+# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
+# 
+# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
+#
+# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
+# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
+# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
+#
+# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
+#
+# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
@@ -1986,7 +2177,8 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT
+			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
@@ -2015,7 +2207,8 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 4:00	-	MSK
 #
 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
 # Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
@@ -2028,7 +2221,8 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
 			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT
+			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 4:00	-	VOLT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
@@ -2039,7 +2233,10 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	# Samara Time
+			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
+			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 4:00	-	SAMT
+
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
@@ -2051,7 +2248,8 @@ Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
 			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
 			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	# Yekaterinburg Time
+			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
@@ -2059,7 +2257,8 @@ Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT
+			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 7:00	-	OMST
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
@@ -2069,17 +2268,54 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 7:00	-	NOVT
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
+# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
+# March 28, 2010:
+# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
+# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
+#
+# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
+# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
+# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
+#
+# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
+# 
+# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
+# 
+# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
+# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
+# 
+#
+# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
+# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
+#
+# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
+# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
+
+Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
+			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
+
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
-# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
+# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT
+			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 8:00	-	KRAT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
@@ -2089,33 +2325,64 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
 			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT
+			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 9:00	-	IRKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
+# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
+# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
-# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
+# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
-# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
+# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
-# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
+# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
+
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			 10:00	-	YAKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
-# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
-# Ust'-Yanskij.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
+# in 2011.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
+# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
+# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
+# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
+#
+Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
+			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	YAKT
+
 #
 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
@@ -2125,19 +2392,35 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
 			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT
+			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			11:00	-	SAKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
 # Probably also: Kuril Islands.
-# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
-# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
+# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT
-#
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
+# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
+			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	VLAT
+
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 #
@@ -2146,7 +2429,9 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
 			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT
+			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	-	PETT
 #
 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
@@ -2154,7 +2439,9 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
 			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
+			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+			12:00	-	ANAT
 
 # Serbia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2406,25 +2693,18 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
-# From Sue Williams (2008-08-11):
-# I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey.
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 #
-# 
-# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1
+# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
+# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
+# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
+#
+# 
+# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
 # 
-
-# From Sue Williams (2008-08-20):
-# This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to
-# adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently.
-# The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition
-# to stopping observance of DST.
-# This proposal has not yet been approved.
-#
-# Read more here...
-#
-# Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011
-# 
-# http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989
+# Turkish:
+# 
+# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2492,6 +2772,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
 			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
+			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
@@ -2505,6 +2787,50 @@ Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
+# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
+# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
+#
+# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
+# approval from 266 deputies.
+#
+# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# 
+# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
+# 
+#
+# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
+# 
+# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
+# 
+#
+# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
+# 
+# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
+# 
+#
+# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
+# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
+# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
+# time this year after all.
+#
+# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
+# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
+# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
+# to Russia) was reverted today:
+#
+# 
+# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
+# 
+#
+# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
+# The law documents themselves are at
+#
+# 
+# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
+# 
+
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/factory b/extra/zoneinfo/factory
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d29a5857f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/factory
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# their installation procedures.  When users run date, they'll get the message.
+# Also useful for the "comp.sources" version.
+
+# Zone	NAME	GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT
+Zone	Factory	0	- "Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page"
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab b/extra/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b952ca1c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/iso3166.tab
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+# ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-09-27):
+#
+# This file contains a table with the following columns:
+# 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
+#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-1 (2007-09-21).  See:
+#     
+#     ISO 3166 Maintenance agency (ISO 3166/MA)
+#     .
+# 2.  The usual English name for the country,
+#     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
+#     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
+#
+# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+# The table is sorted by country code.
+#
+# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
+# Resynchronized today with the ISO 3166 site (adding SS for South Sudan).
+#
+#country-
+#code	country name
+AD	Andorra
+AE	United Arab Emirates
+AF	Afghanistan
+AG	Antigua & Barbuda
+AI	Anguilla
+AL	Albania
+AM	Armenia
+AO	Angola
+AQ	Antarctica
+AR	Argentina
+AS	Samoa (American)
+AT	Austria
+AU	Australia
+AW	Aruba
+AX	Aaland Islands
+AZ	Azerbaijan
+BA	Bosnia & Herzegovina
+BB	Barbados
+BD	Bangladesh
+BE	Belgium
+BF	Burkina Faso
+BG	Bulgaria
+BH	Bahrain
+BI	Burundi
+BJ	Benin
+BL	St Barthelemy
+BM	Bermuda
+BN	Brunei
+BO	Bolivia
+BQ	Bonaire Sint Eustatius & Saba
+BR	Brazil
+BS	Bahamas
+BT	Bhutan
+BV	Bouvet Island
+BW	Botswana
+BY	Belarus
+BZ	Belize
+CA	Canada
+CC	Cocos (Keeling) Islands
+CD	Congo (Dem. Rep.)
+CF	Central African Rep.
+CG	Congo (Rep.)
+CH	Switzerland
+CI	Cote d'Ivoire
+CK	Cook Islands
+CL	Chile
+CM	Cameroon
+CN	China
+CO	Colombia
+CR	Costa Rica
+CU	Cuba
+CV	Cape Verde
+CW	Curacao
+CX	Christmas Island
+CY	Cyprus
+CZ	Czech Republic
+DE	Germany
+DJ	Djibouti
+DK	Denmark
+DM	Dominica
+DO	Dominican Republic
+DZ	Algeria
+EC	Ecuador
+EE	Estonia
+EG	Egypt
+EH	Western Sahara
+ER	Eritrea
+ES	Spain
+ET	Ethiopia
+FI	Finland
+FJ	Fiji
+FK	Falkland Islands
+FM	Micronesia
+FO	Faroe Islands
+FR	France
+GA	Gabon
+GB	Britain (UK)
+GD	Grenada
+GE	Georgia
+GF	French Guiana
+GG	Guernsey
+GH	Ghana
+GI	Gibraltar
+GL	Greenland
+GM	Gambia
+GN	Guinea
+GP	Guadeloupe
+GQ	Equatorial Guinea
+GR	Greece
+GS	South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands
+GT	Guatemala
+GU	Guam
+GW	Guinea-Bissau
+GY	Guyana
+HK	Hong Kong
+HM	Heard Island & McDonald Islands
+HN	Honduras
+HR	Croatia
+HT	Haiti
+HU	Hungary
+ID	Indonesia
+IE	Ireland
+IL	Israel
+IM	Isle of Man
+IN	India
+IO	British Indian Ocean Territory
+IQ	Iraq
+IR	Iran
+IS	Iceland
+IT	Italy
+JE	Jersey
+JM	Jamaica
+JO	Jordan
+JP	Japan
+KE	Kenya
+KG	Kyrgyzstan
+KH	Cambodia
+KI	Kiribati
+KM	Comoros
+KN	St Kitts & Nevis
+KP	Korea (North)
+KR	Korea (South)
+KW	Kuwait
+KY	Cayman Islands
+KZ	Kazakhstan
+LA	Laos
+LB	Lebanon
+LC	St Lucia
+LI	Liechtenstein
+LK	Sri Lanka
+LR	Liberia
+LS	Lesotho
+LT	Lithuania
+LU	Luxembourg
+LV	Latvia
+LY	Libya
+MA	Morocco
+MC	Monaco
+MD	Moldova
+ME	Montenegro
+MF	St Martin (French part)
+MG	Madagascar
+MH	Marshall Islands
+MK	Macedonia
+ML	Mali
+MM	Myanmar (Burma)
+MN	Mongolia
+MO	Macau
+MP	Northern Mariana Islands
+MQ	Martinique
+MR	Mauritania
+MS	Montserrat
+MT	Malta
+MU	Mauritius
+MV	Maldives
+MW	Malawi
+MX	Mexico
+MY	Malaysia
+MZ	Mozambique
+NA	Namibia
+NC	New Caledonia
+NE	Niger
+NF	Norfolk Island
+NG	Nigeria
+NI	Nicaragua
+NL	Netherlands
+NO	Norway
+NP	Nepal
+NR	Nauru
+NU	Niue
+NZ	New Zealand
+OM	Oman
+PA	Panama
+PE	Peru
+PF	French Polynesia
+PG	Papua New Guinea
+PH	Philippines
+PK	Pakistan
+PL	Poland
+PM	St Pierre & Miquelon
+PN	Pitcairn
+PR	Puerto Rico
+PS	Palestine
+PT	Portugal
+PW	Palau
+PY	Paraguay
+QA	Qatar
+RE	Reunion
+RO	Romania
+RS	Serbia
+RU	Russia
+RW	Rwanda
+SA	Saudi Arabia
+SB	Solomon Islands
+SC	Seychelles
+SD	Sudan
+SE	Sweden
+SG	Singapore
+SH	St Helena
+SI	Slovenia
+SJ	Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+SK	Slovakia
+SL	Sierra Leone
+SM	San Marino
+SN	Senegal
+SO	Somalia
+SR	Suriname
+SS	South Sudan
+ST	Sao Tome & Principe
+SV	El Salvador
+SX	Sint Maarten
+SY	Syria
+SZ	Swaziland
+TC	Turks & Caicos Is
+TD	Chad
+TF	French Southern & Antarctic Lands
+TG	Togo
+TH	Thailand
+TJ	Tajikistan
+TK	Tokelau
+TL	East Timor
+TM	Turkmenistan
+TN	Tunisia
+TO	Tonga
+TR	Turkey
+TT	Trinidad & Tobago
+TV	Tuvalu
+TW	Taiwan
+TZ	Tanzania
+UA	Ukraine
+UG	Uganda
+UM	US minor outlying islands
+US	United States
+UY	Uruguay
+UZ	Uzbekistan
+VA	Vatican City
+VC	St Vincent
+VE	Venezuela
+VG	Virgin Islands (UK)
+VI	Virgin Islands (US)
+VN	Vietnam
+VU	Vanuatu
+WF	Wallis & Futuna
+WS	Samoa (western)
+YE	Yemen
+YT	Mayotte
+ZA	South Africa
+ZM	Zambia
+ZW	Zimbabwe
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/leapseconds b/extra/zoneinfo/leapseconds
index aa8cceba0b..5b5c70eb6b 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/leapseconds
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/leapseconds
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)leapseconds	8.7
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
@@ -45,40 +47,54 @@ Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
+Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 
 # INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS)
 #
 # SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
 #
+#
 # SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
 # OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
 # 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
-# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 29
+# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
 # FAX       : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
-# Internet  : services.iers@obspm.fr
+# e-mail    : (E-Mail Removed)
+# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
 #
-# Paris, 15 January 2009
+# Paris, 5 January 2012
 #
-# Bulletin C 37
+#
+# Bulletin C 43
 #
 # To authorities responsible
 # for the measurement and
 # distribution of time
 #
-# INFORMATION ON UTC - TAI
 #
-# NO positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2009.
-# The difference between Coordinated Universal Time UTC and the
-# International Atomic Time TAI is :		
+# UTC TIME STEP
+# on the 1st of July 2012
 #
-# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, until further notice : UTC-TAI = -34 s
+#
+# A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2012.
+# The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:
+#
+#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 59s
+#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 60s
+#                          2012 July  1,      0h  0m  0s
+#
+# The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
+#
+# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2012 July 1  0h UTC  : UTC-TAI = - 34s
+# from 2012 July 1,    0h UTC, until further notice    : UTC-TAI = - 35s
 #
 # Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December
-# or June,  depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
-# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC, or to confirm that there
+# or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
+# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there
 # will be no time step at the next possible date.
 #
+#
 # Daniel GAMBIS
-# Head			
-# Earth Orientation Center of the IERS
+# Head
+# Earth Orientation Center of IERS
 # Observatoire de Paris, France
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/northamerica b/extra/zoneinfo/northamerica
index 7fd6ea6173..1964903ebb 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/northamerica
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/northamerica
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-# @(#)northamerica	8.27
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
@@ -344,6 +345,27 @@ Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
+# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
+# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
+# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
+# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
+# 
+# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
+# 
+# 
+# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
+# 
+
+# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
+# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
+# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
+# largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
+# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
+
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
+			-6:00	US	C%sT
+
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 #
 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
@@ -403,15 +425,78 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 #
+
+# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
+# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
+# available to Alaskan residents.
+#
+# 
+# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
+# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
+#
+# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
+# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
+# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
+# Pacific Time.
+#
+# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
+# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
+# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
+#
+# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
+# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
+#
+# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
+# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
+#
+# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
+# Nation.)
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
+# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
+# Community office (using contact information available at
+# 
+# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
+# ).
+# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
+# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
+# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
+# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
+# did not inquire about practices in the past.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
+# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
+# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
+			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
+Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
+			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
+			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
+			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
+			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
+Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
+			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
+			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
+			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
+			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
+			 -8:00	-	MeST
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
@@ -469,20 +554,50 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 #  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
+# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
+# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
+# the article is available at
+# 
+# http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
+# 
+# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
+# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
+# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
+# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
+# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
+# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
+# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
+# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
+# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
+# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
+# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
+# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
+# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
+# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
+# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
+# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
+# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
+# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
+# Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
+# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
+# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
+# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
+# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
+# of the Territory of Hawaii."
 #
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# And then there's Hawaii.
-# DST was observed for one day in 1933;
-# standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
-# it's always standard as of 1986.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert:
-# Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks.  Go with Shanks.
-#
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1900 Jan  1 12:00
-			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 2:00
-			-10:30	US	H%sT	1947 Jun  8 2:00
+# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
+# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
+
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
+			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
+			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:00	-	HST
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
@@ -904,6 +1019,9 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	 (1914-03)
 #
+#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+#	.
+#
 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
@@ -1004,9 +1122,26 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
 # new US DST rules,
 
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
+# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
+# 
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# 
+# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
+# The quote includes these two statements:
+# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
+# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
+# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
+# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
+# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
+
+# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
+# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
+# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
@@ -1051,12 +1186,29 @@ Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
+
+# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
+# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
+# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
+# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
+# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
+# now occurs at 2:00AM.
+# ...
+# 
+# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
+# 
+# ...
+# MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
+# Office of the Chief Information Officer
+# Executive Council
+# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
+
 Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
 Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
+Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
+Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
 #
 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1066,7 +1218,8 @@ Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT
+			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
+			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
@@ -1080,7 +1233,8 @@ Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
-			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT
+			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
+			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 
 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
@@ -1322,6 +1476,83 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
 
+# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
+#
+# Currently the database has:
+#
+# # Ontario
+#
+# # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+# # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
+# # Toronto.
+# # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
+# # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
+# # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
+#
+# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
+# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
+# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
+#
+#     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
+#     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
+#
+# Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
+#
+# I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
+# observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
+#
+# By the way, the article continues by noting that:
+#
+#     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
+#     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
+#
+# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
+# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
+# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
+# was available at
+# 
+# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
+# 
+#
+# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
+#
+#   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
+# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
+# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
+# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
+# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
+# for the other provinces only approximate:
+#
+# 	Province	Daylight saving time used
+# Prince Edward Island	Not used.
+# Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
+# New Brunswick		In St. John only.
+# Quebec		In the following places:
+# 			Montreal	Lachine
+# 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
+# 			Levis		Iberville
+# 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
+# 			Verdun		Loretteville
+# 			Westmount	Richmond
+# 			Outremont	St. Jerome
+# 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
+# 			Arvida		Waterloo
+# 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
+# 			Melbourne	La Tuque
+# 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
+# Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
+# 			the southerly part of the province. Not
+# 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
+# Manitoba		Not used.
+# Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
+# Alberta		Not used.
+# British Columbia	Not used.
+#
+#   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
+# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
@@ -1433,7 +1664,7 @@ Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
@@ -1516,7 +1747,7 @@ Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -1553,7 +1784,7 @@ Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -1583,9 +1814,68 @@ Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
 
+# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
+
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
+# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
+# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
+# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
+# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
+# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
+
+# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
+# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
+# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
+# 
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# 
+# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
+# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
+# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
+
+# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
+# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
+# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
+# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
+# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
+# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
+# 
+# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
+# 
+
+# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
+# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date unknown
+# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
+# Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
+# note#1:
+# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
+# Creston did not change its clocks.
+# note#2:
+# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
+# Creston did not oblige.
+# note#3:
+# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
+# (UTC-7) forever.
+# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
+# 
+# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
+# 
+
+# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
+# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
+# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
+# the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
+# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
+# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
+
+# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
@@ -1601,7 +1891,10 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
-
+Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
+			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
+			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
+			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
@@ -1735,20 +2028,69 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 # daylight saving....
 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
 
-# From Chris Walton (2007-03-14):
-# Today I phoned the "hamlet office" to find out what Resolute was doing with
-# its clocks.
+# From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
+# Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
+# Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
+# the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
+# decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
 #
-# The individual that answered the phone confirmed that the clocks did not
-# move at the end of daylight saving on October 29/2006.  He also told me that
-# the clocks did not move this past weekend (March 11/2007)....
-
-# From Chris Walton (2008-11-13):
-# ...the residents of Resolute believe that they are changing "time zones"
-# twice a year.  In winter months, local time is qualified with "Eastern
-# Time" which is really "Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)".  In summer
-# months, local time is qualified with "Central Time" which is really
-# "Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)"...
+# According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
+# went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
+#
+# On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
+# 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
+# talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
+# to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
+# explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
+# (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
+# i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
+# had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
+# so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
+#
+# On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
+# phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
+# of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
+# information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
+# Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
+# Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
+# and worked in Resolute Bay...
+#
+# On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
+# Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
+# 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
+# on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
+# had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
+# tell me when the practice had stopped.
+#
+# On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
+# somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
+# off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
+# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
+# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
+# Aziz:
+# 
+# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
+# 
+#
+# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
+# Eastern Standard Time.
+#
+# Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
+# 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
+# of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
+# the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
+#
+# This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
+#
+# I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
+# responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
+# may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
+# search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
+#
+# If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
+# never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
+# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
+# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -1776,14 +2118,12 @@ Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Resolute 2006	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	ES
-Rule	Resolute 2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	0	CD
 Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
-			-5:00	Resolute	%sT
+			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11 3:00
+			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
@@ -1953,6 +2293,58 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
+#
+# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
+# > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
+# > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
+# > the United States.
+# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
+# 2010, some border regions will be the same:
+# 
+# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
+# 
+# 
+# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
+# 
+# (Spanish)
+#
+# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
+# 
+# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
+# 
+# (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
+#
+# There is also a list of the votes here:
+# 
+# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
+# 
+#
+# Our page:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
+# The page
+# 
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# 
+# includes this text:
+# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+# horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
@@ -1979,13 +2371,19 @@ Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1988
+			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
+			-6:00	US	C%sT
+# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
+Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
@@ -1994,7 +2392,19 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Chihuahua
+# Chihuahua (near US border)
+Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
+			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
+			-6:00	-	CST	1996
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
+			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
+			-7:00	US	M%sT
+# Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2017,7 +2427,44 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
+# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
+#
+# (Spanish)
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
+# 
+# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
+# 
+#
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
+# 
+# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
+# 
+#
+# (English)
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
+# 
+# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
+# 
+#
+# or
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
+# 
+#
+# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
+# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
+
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2028,8 +2475,41 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# Baja California
+
+Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
+			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
+			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
+			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
+			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
+			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1970
+			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr 4 2:00
+			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
+
+# Baja California (near US border)
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
+			-7:00	-	MST	1924
+			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
+			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
+			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
+			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
+			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
+			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
+			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1954
+			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
+			-8:00	-	PST	1976
+			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
+			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
+			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
+			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
+			-8:00	US	P%sT
+# Baja California (away from US border)
+Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
@@ -2077,6 +2557,8 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 
 # Bahamas
 #
+# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
+#
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
@@ -2086,11 +2568,14 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:24 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
+Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:30 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Barbados
+
+# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
@@ -2098,8 +2583,8 @@ Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:28 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
-			-3:58:28 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
+Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
+			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
@@ -2117,6 +2602,9 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 
 # Bermuda
 
+# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
+# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
+
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
@@ -2126,7 +2614,7 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:04 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
@@ -2138,6 +2626,9 @@ Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
+
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
@@ -2148,14 +2639,19 @@ Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
-			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
+Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
+			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
+# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
+# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
+
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
@@ -2196,20 +2692,20 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
-# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week 
+# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
-# 
+#
 # He supplied these references:
-# 
+#
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
-# 
+#
 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
-# 
+#
 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
-# 
+#
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
@@ -2277,6 +2773,56 @@ Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
+# Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
+# this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
+# changed at all).
+#
+# Source:
+# 
+# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
+# 
+#
+# Our info:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
+# 
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
+# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
+# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
+#
+# One source (Spanish)
+# 
+# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
+# 
+#
+# Our page:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
+# 
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
+# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
+# 31 and April 1.
+#
+# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
+# 
+# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
+# 
+#
+# Our info on it:
+# 
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
+# 
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
+# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
+# to standard time on 2012-11-04:
+# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
+# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
@@ -2307,10 +2853,15 @@ Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2000	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2006	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
+Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2009	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
+Rule	Cuba	2012	only	-	Apr	1	0:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
+Rule	Cuba	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
@@ -2444,6 +2995,26 @@ Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
+# According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
+# apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
+# So this means they have already changed their time.
+#
+# http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
+# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
+# The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
+# 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
+# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
+# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
+# as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
+# are going to observe DST every year now...
+#
+# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
+# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -2455,6 +3026,8 @@ Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/pacificnew b/extra/zoneinfo/pacificnew
index 667940bf53..bccd852109 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/pacificnew
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/pacificnew
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)pacificnew	8.1
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
 # On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/solar87 b/extra/zoneinfo/solar87
index 71839320ad..2299558164 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/solar87
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/solar87
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)solar87	8.1
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # So much for footnotes about Saudi Arabia.
 # Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; your mileage will vary.
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/solar88 b/extra/zoneinfo/solar88
index b4cfe8e37a..bb1d6ca97f 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/solar88
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/solar88
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)solar88	8.1
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
 # Times were computed using formulas in the U.S. Naval Observatory's
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/solar89 b/extra/zoneinfo/solar89
index 8c48531461..af93235697 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/solar89
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/solar89
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)solar89	8.1
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Apparent noon times below are for Riyadh; they're a bit off for other places.
 # Times were computed using a formula provided by the U. S. Naval Observatory:
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/southamerica b/extra/zoneinfo/southamerica
index 5824b7fad8..9ef8b82607 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/southamerica
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/southamerica
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
-# @(#)southamerica	8.34
 # 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# .
+#
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
@@ -213,10 +218,24 @@ Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
 # 
 
+# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
+# As announced in
+# 
+# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
+# 
+# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+#
+# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
+# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
+# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
+# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
+# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
+
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Arg	2008	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
- 
+Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
@@ -306,9 +325,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
-# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza 
-# refused to follow San Luis in this change. 
-# 
+# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
+# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
+#
 # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
@@ -366,36 +385,75 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # 
 # is the official page for the Province Government).
 #
-# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers (La Nación) at
-# 
+# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
-# 
-# 
-# The press release says:
-#  (...) anunció que el próximo domingo a las 00:00 los puntanos deberán
-# atrasar una hora sus relojes.
 #
-# A partir de entonces, San Luis establecerá el huso horario propio de
-# la Provincia. De esta manera, durante el periodo del calendario anual
-# 2009, el cambio horario quedará comprendido entre las 00:00 del tercer
-# domingo de marzo y las 24:00 del segundo sábado de octubre.
-# Quick&dirty translation
-# (...) announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
+# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
+# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 #
 # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
 # during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
 # in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-16):
-# The unofficial claim at
-# 
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/san-luis-new-time-zone.html
-# 
-# is that "The province will most likely follow the next daylight saving schedule,
-# which is planned for the second Sunday in October."
-
+# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
+# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
+# The Law at
+# 
+# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
+# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
+# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
+# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
+#
+# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
+#
+# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
+# Sunday of October and March.
+#
+# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
+# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
+# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
+#
+# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
+# (October 11th) at 0:00.
+#
+# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
+# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
+#
+# I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
+# timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
+# right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
+# is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
+# of the country calls it "ART".
+# ...
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
+# According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
+# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
+# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
+#
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+# 
+# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
+# 
+# or (some English translation):
+# 
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
+# 
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
+# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
+# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
+# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
+# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
@@ -528,6 +586,10 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
+
+Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
+Rule	SanLuis	2007	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
+
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
@@ -542,8 +604,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
-			-3:00	-	ART	2009 Mar 15
-			-4:00	Arg	WAR%sT
+			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
@@ -674,13 +735,13 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
-# 
-# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=3Ddo&secao=3D1&pagina=3D1&data=3D25/04/2008
+# 
+# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
 # 
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the the west side of the Para State. I
+# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
@@ -732,6 +793,48 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 # 
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
+# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
+# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
+# television station in Salvador.
+
+# In Portuguese:
+# 
+# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
+#  and
+# 
+# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
+# 
+
+# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
+# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
+# still in force.
+
+# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
+# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
+# time.
+#	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
+# I found the decree.
+#
+# DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
+# Link :
+# 
+# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
+# 
+
+# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
+# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
+# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
+# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
+# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
+
+# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
+# Tocantins state will have DST.
+# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
@@ -951,7 +1054,8 @@ Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	BRT
+			-3:00	-	BRT	2012 Oct 21
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
@@ -969,6 +1073,8 @@ Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
+			-3:00	-	BRT	2011 Oct 16
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
@@ -1061,7 +1167,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
-# The Supreme Decree is located at 
+# The Supreme Decree is located at
 # 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
 # 
@@ -1072,11 +1178,79 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 
 # From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # ...
-# You could see the announces of the change on 
+# You could see the announces of the change on
 # 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
 # .
 
+# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
+# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
+# 
+# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
+# 
+# (in Spanish, last paragraph).
+#
+# This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
+
+# From Arthur Daivd Olson (2010-03-06):
+# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
+
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02): [geychaner@mac.com]
+# It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
+# change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
+# 2nd:
+# 
+# http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
+# 
+#
+# This is not yet reflected in the offical "cambio de hora" site, but
+# probably will be soon:
+# 
+# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+# 
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
+# The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
+# postponement, which may mean that it's not a permanent change.
+
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
+# The article:
+# 
+# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
+# 
+#
+# In English:
+# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
+# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
+# August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
+# which will be reevaluated in 2012.
+
+# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
+# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
+# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
+# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
+# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012. The decision has not
+# been yet formalized but it will within the next days.
+# Quote from the website communication:
+#
+# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
+# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
+# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
+# of the same day.
+# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
+# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
+# 01:00 on September 2.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
+# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
+# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
+# hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
+# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
+# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
+
+# NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
+# 'antarctica' file.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1932	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1106,12 +1280,17 @@ Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
 Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2009	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1133,17 +1312,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Colombia
+
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
+# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
+			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curacao
+
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
@@ -1160,12 +1345,22 @@ Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
+Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# At least for now, use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
+# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
+
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
+
 # Ecuador
 #
+# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
 #  (2007-02-27) and
@@ -1231,6 +1426,39 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
 # better info.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
+# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
+# daylight saving time.
+#
+# One source:
+# 
+# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
+# 
+#
+# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
+# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
+# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
+# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
+#
+# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
+# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
+# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
+# change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
+#
+# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
+# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
+# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
+# states...
+#   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
+#   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
+#   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
+#   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
+#   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
+#   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
+#
+# For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
+# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
+# experiment was apparently successful.)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
@@ -1242,14 +1470,15 @@ Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2001	max	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2001	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
+Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep 5 02:00
+			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1320,8 +1549,33 @@ Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
 # From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
 # 
-Rule	Para	2004	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Para	2005	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
+# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
+# 
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
+# 
+# )
+# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
+# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
+# ...
+# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
+# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
+# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
+# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
+# ...
+Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
+# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
+# They do not tell if this will be a permanent change or just this year....
+# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-07):
+# For now, assume it's just this year.
+Rule	Para	2013	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/systemv b/extra/zoneinfo/systemv
index 6cf9645de0..e651e8540d 100644
--- a/extra/zoneinfo/systemv
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/systemv
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# @(#)systemv	8.1
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Old rules, should the need arise.
 # No attempt is made to handle Newfoundland, since it cannot be expressed
diff --git a/extra/zoneinfo/zone.tab b/extra/zoneinfo/zone.tab
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1cd95e89e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/zoneinfo/zone.tab
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+# 
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+#
+# TZ zone descriptions
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-08-05):
+#
+# This file contains a table with the following columns:
+# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file `iso3166.tab'.
+# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+#     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+#     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+#     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+# 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+# 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
+#
+# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
+# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
+# (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+#
+# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+#
+#country-
+#code	coordinates	TZ			comments
+AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
+AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
+AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
+AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
+AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
+AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
+AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
+AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo Station, Ross Island
+AQ	-9000+00000	Antarctica/South_Pole	Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
+AQ	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island Station, Macquarie Island
+AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
+AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
+AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
+AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
+AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
+AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
+AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
+AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
+AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
+AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
+AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
+AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
+AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
+BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
+BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
+BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
+BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
+BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
+BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
+BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
+BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
+BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
+BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
+BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
+BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
+BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
+BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
+BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapa, E Para
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
+BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
+BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
+BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
+BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Para
+BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
+BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
+BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
+BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
+BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
+BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
+BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), PEI
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
+CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Quebec - most locations
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario - most locations
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
+CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
+CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
+CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
+CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
+CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
+CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
+CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
+CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
+CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chongqing	central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
+CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	most of Tibet & Xinjiang
+CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	west Tibet & Xinjiang
+CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
+CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
+CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
+CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
+CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
+CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	most locations
+DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
+DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
+DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
+DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
+DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
+DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
+EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
+EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
+EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
+ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
+ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
+FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
+FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
+FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
+FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
+FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
+GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
+GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
+GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
+GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
+GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
+GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
+GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
+GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
+GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
+GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
+GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
+GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
+GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
+GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
+GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
+GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
+GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
+HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
+HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
+HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
+HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
+HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
+IL	+3146+03514	Asia/Jerusalem
+IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
+IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
+IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
+IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
+IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
+IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
+IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
+JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
+JM	+1800-07648	America/Jamaica
+JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
+JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
+KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
+KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
+KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
+KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
+KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
+KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
+KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
+KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
+KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
+KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
+KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
+KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
+LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
+LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
+LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
+LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
+LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
+LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
+LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
+LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
+LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
+LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
+LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
+MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
+MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
+MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
+ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
+MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
+MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
+MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
+ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
+MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
+MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
+MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
+MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
+MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
+MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
+MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
+MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
+MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Central Time - Quintana Roo
+MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas away from US border
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas near US border
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
+MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
+MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
+NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
+NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
+NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
+NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
+NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
+NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
+NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
+NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
+NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
+NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
+NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
+NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
+NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
+OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
+PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
+PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
+PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
+PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
+PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby
+PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
+PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
+PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
+PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
+PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
+PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
+PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
+PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
+PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
+PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
+PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
+QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
+RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
+RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
+RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
+RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
+RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
+SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
+SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
+SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
+SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
+SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
+SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
+SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
+SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
+SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
+SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
+SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
+SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
+SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
+SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
+SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
+SS	+0451+03136	Africa/Juba
+ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
+SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
+SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
+SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
+SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
+TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
+TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
+TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
+TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
+TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
+TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
+TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
+TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
+TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
+TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
+TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
+TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
+TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
+TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
+TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
+TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	central Crimea
+UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
+UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
+UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
+UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+US	+364708-1084111	America/Shiprock	Mountain Time - Navajo
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
+US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
+UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
+VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
+VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
+VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
+VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
+VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
+VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
+WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
+WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
+YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
+YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
+ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
+ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
+ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare