diff --git a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
index c5efe1e030..e8ebe1824d 100644
--- a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
@@ -4,4 +4,9 @@ USING: help.syntax help.markup byte-arrays alien.c-types ;
 ARTICLE: "c-arrays" "C arrays"
 "C arrays are allocated in the same manner as other C data; see " { $link "c-byte-arrays" } " and " { $link "malloc" } "."
 $nl
-"C type specifiers for array types are documented in " { $link "c-types-specs" } "." ;
+"C type specifiers for array types are documented in " { $link "c-types-specs" } "."
+$nl
+"Specialized sequences are provided for accessing memory as an array of primitive type values. These sequences are implemented in the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays" } " and " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.direct" } " vocabulary sets. They can also be loaded and constructed through their primitive C types:"
+{ $subsection require-c-type-arrays }
+{ $subsection <c-type-array> }
+{ $subsection <c-type-direct-array> } ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
index d793814c28..fbf59e6f11 100755
--- a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ M: array box-return drop "void*" box-return ;
 
 M: array stack-size drop "void*" stack-size ;
 
-M: array c-type-boxer-quot drop [ ] ;
+M: array c-type-boxer-quot
+    unclip
+    [ product ]
+    [ [ require-c-type-arrays ] keep ] bi*
+    [ <c-type-direct-array> ] 2curry ;
 
 M: array c-type-unboxer-quot drop [ >c-ptr ] ;
 
diff --git a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
index c9c1ecd0e5..f5f9e004c4 100644
--- a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 IN: alien.c-types
 USING: alien help.syntax help.markup libc kernel.private
 byte-arrays math strings hashtables alien.syntax alien.strings sequences
-io.encodings.string debugger destructors ;
+io.encodings.string debugger destructors vocabs.loader ;
 
 HELP: <c-type>
 { $values { "type" hashtable } }
@@ -128,6 +128,21 @@ HELP: malloc-string
     }
 } ;
 
+HELP: require-c-type-arrays
+{ $values { "c-type" "a C type" } }
+{ $description { $link require } "s any unloaded vocabularies needed to construct a specialized array or direct array of " { $snippet "c-type" } " using the " { $link <c-type-array> } " or " { $link <c-type-direct-array> } " vocabularies." }
+{ $notes "This word must be called inside a compilation unit. See the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays" } " and " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.direct" } " vocabulary sets for details on the underlying sequence types loaded." } ;
+
+HELP: <c-type-array>
+{ $values { "len" integer } { "c-type" "a C type" } { "array" "a specialized array" } }
+{ $description "Constructs a new specialized array of length " { $snippet "len" } " and element type " { $snippet "c-type" } "." }
+{ $notes "The appropriate specialized array vocabulary must be loaded; otherwise, a " { $link specialized-array-vocab-not-loaded } " error will be thrown. The vocabulary can be loaded with a " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " form as usual, or with the " { $link require-c-type-arrays } " word. See the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays" } " vocabulary set for details on the underlying sequence type constructed." } ;
+
+HELP: <c-type-direct-array>
+{ $values { "alien" c-ptr } { "len" integer } { "c-type" "a C type" } { "array" "a specialized direct array" } }
+{ $description "Constructs a new specialized array of length " { $snippet "len" } " and element type " { $snippet "c-type" } " over the range of memory referenced by " { $snippet "alien" } "." }
+{ $notes "The appropriate direct specialized array vocabulary must be loaded; otherwise, a " { $link specialized-array-vocab-not-loaded } " error will be thrown. The vocabulary can be loaded with a " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " form as usual, or with the " { $link require-c-type-arrays } " word. See the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.direct" } " vocabulary set for details on the underlying sequence type constructed." } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "c-strings" "C strings"
 "C string types are arrays with shape " { $snippet "{ \"char*\" encoding }" } ", where " { $snippet "encoding" } " is an encoding descriptor. The type " { $snippet "\"char*\"" } " is an alias for " { $snippet "{ \"char*\" utf8 }" } ". See " { $link "encodings-descriptors" } " for information about encoding descriptors."
 $nl
diff --git a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
index 2eba6a2b9e..9f7ac75558 100755
--- a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespaces make parser sequences strings words splitting math.parser
 cpu.architecture alien alien.accessors alien.strings quotations
 layouts system compiler.units io io.files io.encodings.binary
 io.streams.memory accessors combinators effects continuations fry
-classes ;
+classes vocabs vocabs.loader ;
 IN: alien.c-types
 
 DEFER: <int>
@@ -21,7 +21,12 @@ TUPLE: abstract-c-type
 { getter callable }
 { setter callable }
 size
-align ;
+align
+array-class
+array-constructor
+direct-array-class
+direct-array-constructor
+sequence-mixin-class ;
 
 TUPLE: c-type < abstract-c-type
 boxer
@@ -71,6 +76,51 @@ M: string c-type ( name -- type )
         ] ?if
     ] if ;
 
+: ?require-word ( word/pair -- )
+    dup word? [ drop ] [ first require ] ?if ;
+
+GENERIC: require-c-type-arrays ( c-type -- )
+
+M: object require-c-type-arrays
+    drop ;
+
+M: c-type require-c-type-arrays
+    [ array-class>> ?require-word ]
+    [ sequence-mixin-class>> ?require-word ]
+    [ direct-array-class>> ?require-word ] tri ;
+
+M: string require-c-type-arrays
+    c-type require-c-type-arrays ;
+
+M: array require-c-type-arrays
+    first c-type require-c-type-arrays ;
+
+ERROR: specialized-array-vocab-not-loaded vocab word ;
+
+: c-type-array-constructor ( c-type -- word )
+    array-constructor>> dup array?
+    [ first2 specialized-array-vocab-not-loaded ] when ; foldable
+
+: c-type-direct-array-constructor ( c-type -- word )
+    direct-array-constructor>> dup array?
+    [ first2 specialized-array-vocab-not-loaded ] when ; foldable
+
+GENERIC: <c-type-array> ( len c-type -- array )
+M: object <c-type-array>
+    c-type-array-constructor execute( len -- array ) ; inline
+M: string <c-type-array>
+    c-type <c-type-array> ; inline
+M: array <c-type-array>
+    first c-type <c-type-array> ; inline
+
+GENERIC: <c-type-direct-array> ( alien len c-type -- array )
+M: object <c-type-direct-array>
+    c-type-direct-array-constructor execute( alien len -- array ) ; inline
+M: string <c-type-direct-array>
+    c-type <c-type-direct-array> ; inline
+M: array <c-type-direct-array>
+    first c-type <c-type-direct-array> ; inline
+
 GENERIC: c-type-class ( name -- class )
 
 M: abstract-c-type c-type-class class>> ;
@@ -293,6 +343,36 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
 : if-void ( type true false -- )
     pick "void" = [ drop nip call ] [ nip call ] if ; inline
 
+: ?lookup ( vocab word -- word/pair )
+    over vocab [ swap lookup ] [ 2array ] if ;
+
+: set-array-class* ( c-type vocab-stem type-stem -- c-type )
+    {
+        [
+            [ "specialized-arrays." prepend ]
+            [ "-array" append ] bi* ?lookup >>array-class
+        ]
+        [
+            [ "specialized-arrays." prepend ]
+            [ "<" "-array>" surround ] bi* ?lookup >>array-constructor
+        ]
+        [
+            [ "specialized-arrays." prepend ]
+            [ "-sequence" append ] bi* ?lookup >>sequence-mixin-class
+        ]
+        [
+            [ "specialized-arrays.direct." prepend ]
+            [ "direct-" "-array" surround ] bi* ?lookup >>direct-array-class
+        ]
+        [
+            [ "specialized-arrays.direct." prepend ]
+            [ "<direct-" "-array>" surround ] bi* ?lookup >>direct-array-constructor
+        ]
+    } 2cleave ;
+
+: set-array-class ( c-type stem -- c-type )
+    dup set-array-class* ;
+
 CONSTANT: primitive-types
     {
         "char" "uchar"
@@ -315,6 +395,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         [ >c-ptr ] >>unboxer-quot
         "box_alien" >>boxer
         "alien_offset" >>unboxer
+        "alien" "void*" set-array-class*
     "void*" define-primitive-type
 
     <long-long-type>
@@ -326,6 +407,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         8 >>align
         "box_signed_8" >>boxer
         "to_signed_8" >>unboxer
+        "longlong" set-array-class
     "longlong" define-primitive-type
 
     <long-long-type>
@@ -337,6 +419,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         8 >>align
         "box_unsigned_8" >>boxer
         "to_unsigned_8" >>unboxer
+        "ulonglong" set-array-class
     "ulonglong" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -348,6 +431,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         bootstrap-cell >>align
         "box_signed_cell" >>boxer
         "to_fixnum" >>unboxer
+        "long" set-array-class
     "long" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -359,6 +443,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         bootstrap-cell >>align
         "box_unsigned_cell" >>boxer
         "to_cell" >>unboxer
+        "ulong" set-array-class
     "ulong" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -370,6 +455,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         4 >>align
         "box_signed_4" >>boxer
         "to_fixnum" >>unboxer
+        "int" set-array-class
     "int" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -381,6 +467,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         4 >>align
         "box_unsigned_4" >>boxer
         "to_cell" >>unboxer
+        "uint" set-array-class
     "uint" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -392,6 +479,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         2 >>align
         "box_signed_2" >>boxer
         "to_fixnum" >>unboxer
+        "short" set-array-class
     "short" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -403,6 +491,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         2 >>align
         "box_unsigned_2" >>boxer
         "to_cell" >>unboxer
+        "ushort" set-array-class
     "ushort" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -414,6 +503,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         1 >>align
         "box_signed_1" >>boxer
         "to_fixnum" >>unboxer
+        "char" set-array-class
     "char" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -425,6 +515,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         1 >>align
         "box_unsigned_1" >>boxer
         "to_cell" >>unboxer
+        "uchar" set-array-class
     "uchar" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -434,6 +525,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         1 >>align
         "box_boolean" >>boxer
         "to_boolean" >>unboxer
+        "bool" set-array-class
     "bool" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -447,6 +539,7 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         "to_float" >>unboxer
         single-float-rep >>rep
         [ >float ] >>unboxer-quot
+        "float" set-array-class
     "float" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
@@ -460,9 +553,11 @@ CONSTANT: primitive-types
         "to_double" >>unboxer
         double-float-rep >>rep
         [ >float ] >>unboxer-quot
+        "double" set-array-class
     "double" define-primitive-type
 
     "long" "ptrdiff_t" typedef
     "long" "intptr_t" typedef
     "ulong" "size_t" typedef
 ] with-compilation-unit
+
diff --git a/basis/alien/complex/functor/functor.factor b/basis/alien/complex/functor/functor.factor
index 98d412639f..7727546c00 100644
--- a/basis/alien/complex/functor/functor.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/complex/functor/functor.factor
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ T c-type
 <T> 1quotation >>unboxer-quot
 *T 1quotation >>boxer-quot
 number >>boxed-class
+T set-array-class
 drop
 
 ;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor b/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
index 5c1fb4063b..d8b2edf394 100755
--- a/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: accessors arrays assocs generic hashtables kernel kernel.private
 math namespaces parser sequences strings words libc fry
 alien.c-types alien.structs.fields cpu.architecture math.order
-quotations byte-arrays ;
+quotations byte-arrays struct-arrays ;
 IN: alien.structs
 
 TUPLE: struct-type < abstract-c-type fields return-in-registers? ;
@@ -12,6 +12,16 @@ M: struct-type c-type ;
 
 M: struct-type c-type-stack-align? drop f ;
 
+M: struct-type <c-type-array> ( len c-type -- array )
+    dup c-type-array-constructor
+    [ execute( len -- array ) ]
+    [ <struct-array> ] ?if ; inline
+
+M: struct-type <c-type-direct-array> ( alien len c-type -- array )
+    dup c-type-direct-array-constructor
+    [ execute( alien len -- array ) ]
+    [ <direct-struct-array> ] ?if ; inline
+
 : if-value-struct ( ctype true false -- )
     [ dup value-struct? ] 2dip '[ drop "void*" @ ] if ; inline
 
@@ -35,9 +45,8 @@ M: struct-type stack-size
 
 : c-struct? ( type -- ? ) (c-type) struct-type? ;
 
-: (define-struct) ( name size align fields -- )
-    [ [ align ] keep ] dip
-    struct-type new
+: (define-struct) ( name size align fields class -- )
+    [ [ align ] keep ] 2dip new
         byte-array >>class
         byte-array >>boxed-class
         swap >>fields
@@ -55,13 +64,13 @@ M: struct-type stack-size
     [ 2drop ] [ make-fields ] 3bi
     [ struct-offsets ] keep
     [ [ type>> ] map compute-struct-align ] keep
-    [ (define-struct) ] keep
+    [ struct-type (define-struct) ] keep
     [ define-field ] each ;
 
 : define-union ( name members -- )
     [ expand-constants ] map
     [ [ heap-size ] [ max ] map-reduce ] keep
-    compute-struct-align f (define-struct) ;
+    compute-struct-align f struct-type (define-struct) ;
 
 : offset-of ( field struct -- offset )
     c-types get at fields>> 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/debugger/debugger.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/debugger/debugger.factor
index 33f87ff1d4..d51aa477c9 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/debugger/debugger.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/debugger/debugger.factor
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008, 2009 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel words sequences quotations namespaces io vectors
-classes.tuple accessors prettyprint prettyprint.config assocs
-prettyprint.backend prettyprint.custom prettyprint.sections
-parser compiler.tree.builder compiler.tree.optimizer
-cpu.architecture compiler.cfg.builder compiler.cfg.linearization
-compiler.cfg.registers compiler.cfg.stack-frame
-compiler.cfg.linear-scan compiler.cfg.two-operand
-compiler.cfg.optimizer compiler.cfg.instructions
-compiler.cfg.utilities compiler.cfg.def-use
-compiler.cfg.rpo compiler.cfg.mr compiler.cfg ;
+arrays hashtables classes.tuple accessors prettyprint
+prettyprint.config assocs prettyprint.backend prettyprint.custom
+prettyprint.sections parser compiler.tree.builder
+compiler.tree.optimizer cpu.architecture compiler.cfg.builder
+compiler.cfg.linearization compiler.cfg.registers
+compiler.cfg.stack-frame compiler.cfg.linear-scan
+compiler.cfg.two-operand compiler.cfg.optimizer
+compiler.cfg.instructions compiler.cfg.utilities
+compiler.cfg.def-use compiler.cfg.rpo compiler.cfg.mr
+compiler.cfg.representations.preferred compiler.cfg ;
 IN: compiler.cfg.debugger
 
 GENERIC: test-cfg ( quot -- cfgs )
@@ -73,8 +74,9 @@ M: rs-loc pprint* \ R pprint-loc ;
 
 : fake-representations ( cfg -- )
     post-order [
-        instructions>>
-        [ [ temp-vregs ] [ defs-vreg ] bi [ suffix ] when* ]
-        map concat
-    ] map concat
-    [ int-rep ] H{ } map>assoc representations set ;
\ No newline at end of file
+        instructions>> [
+            [ [ temp-vregs ] [ temp-vreg-reps ] bi zip ]
+            [ [ defs-vreg ] [ defs-vreg-rep ] bi 2dup and [ 2array ] [ 2drop f ] if ]
+            bi [ suffix ] when*
+        ] map concat
+    ] map concat >hashtable representations set ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
index 04fddbb203..d90745a25e 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.hats
 : ^^sub-float ( src1 src2 -- dst ) ^^r2 ##sub-float ; inline
 : ^^mul-float ( src1 src2 -- dst ) ^^r2 ##mul-float ; inline
 : ^^div-float ( src1 src2 -- dst ) ^^r2 ##div-float ; inline
+: ^^sqrt ( src -- dst ) ^^r1 ##sqrt ; inline
 : ^^float>integer ( src -- dst ) ^^r1 ##float>integer ; inline
 : ^^integer>float ( src -- dst ) ^^r1 ##integer>float ; inline
 : ^^allot ( size class -- dst ) ^^r2 next-vreg ##allot ; inline
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
index 4cf4340bd7..87c6909a9f 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ INSN: ##add-float < ##commutative ;
 INSN: ##sub-float < ##binary ;
 INSN: ##mul-float < ##commutative ;
 INSN: ##div-float < ##binary ;
+INSN: ##sqrt < ##unary ;
 
 ! Float/integer conversion
 INSN: ##float>integer < ##unary ;
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ UNION: output-float-insn
     ##sub-float
     ##mul-float
     ##div-float
+    ##sqrt
     ##integer>float
     ##unbox-float
     ##alien-float
@@ -267,6 +269,7 @@ UNION: input-float-insn
     ##sub-float
     ##mul-float
     ##div-float
+    ##sqrt
     ##float>integer
     ##box-float
     ##set-alien-float
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/float/float.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/float/float.factor
index 152be80286..9d0af29a15 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/float/float.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/float/float.factor
@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics.float
 
 : emit-fixnum>float ( -- )
     ds-pop ^^untag-fixnum ^^integer>float ds-push ;
+
+: emit-fsqrt ( -- )
+    ds-pop ^^sqrt ds-push ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
index 363197c3c0..27d9970a91 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ QUALIFIED: strings.private
 QUALIFIED: classes.tuple.private
 QUALIFIED: math.private
 QUALIFIED: math.integers.private
+QUALIFIED: math.libm
 QUALIFIED: alien.accessors
 IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics
 
@@ -92,6 +93,9 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics
         alien.accessors:set-alien-double
     } [ t "intrinsic" set-word-prop ] each ;
 
+: enable-fsqrt ( -- )
+    \ math.libm:fsqrt t "intrinsic" set-word-prop ;
+
 : enable-fixnum-log2 ( -- )
     \ math.integers.private:fixnum-log2 t "intrinsic" set-word-prop ;
 
@@ -130,6 +134,7 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics
         { \ math.private:float= [ drop cc= emit-float-comparison ] }
         { \ math.private:float>fixnum [ drop emit-float>fixnum ] }
         { \ math.private:fixnum>float [ drop emit-fixnum>float ] }
+        { \ math.libm:fsqrt [ drop emit-fsqrt ] }
         { \ slots.private:slot [ emit-slot ] }
         { \ slots.private:set-slot [ emit-set-slot ] }
         { \ strings.private:string-nth [ drop emit-string-nth ] }
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/linear-scan/linear-scan-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/linear-scan/linear-scan-tests.factor
index b7a97e75c6..062c62adab 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/linear-scan/linear-scan-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/linear-scan/linear-scan-tests.factor
@@ -656,14 +656,17 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689481 }
        { src 689475 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689482 }
        { src 689474 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689483 }
        { src 689473 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 2 test-bb
@@ -672,14 +675,17 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689481 }
        { src 689473 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689482 }
        { src 689475 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689483 }
        { src 689474 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 3 test-bb
@@ -742,10 +748,12 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689608 }
        { src 689600 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689610 }
        { src 689601 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 2 test-bb
@@ -758,14 +766,17 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689607 }
        { src 689600 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689608 }
        { src 689601 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 689610 }
        { src 689609 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 3 test-bb
@@ -816,6 +827,7 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 2 }
        { src 1 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 2 test-bb
@@ -828,6 +840,7 @@ V{
     T{ ##copy
        { dst 2 }
        { src 3 }
+       { rep int-rep }
     }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 3 test-bb
@@ -1121,7 +1134,7 @@ V{
         { slot 1 }
         { tag 2 }
     }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 79 } { src 69 } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 79 } { src 69 } { rep int-rep } }
     T{ ##slot-imm
         { dst 85 }
         { obj 62 }
@@ -1169,22 +1182,22 @@ V{
     T{ ##peek { dst 114 } { loc D 1 } }
     T{ ##peek { dst 116 } { loc D 4 } }
     T{ ##peek { dst 119 } { loc R 0 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 109 } { src 108 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 111 } { src 110 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 113 } { src 112 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 115 } { src 114 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 117 } { src 116 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 120 } { src 119 } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 109 } { src 108 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 111 } { src 110 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 113 } { src 112 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 115 } { src 114 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 117 } { src 116 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 120 } { src 119 } { rep int-rep } }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 3 test-bb
 
 V{
-    T{ ##copy { dst 109 } { src 62 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 111 } { src 61 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 113 } { src 62 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 115 } { src 79 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 117 } { src 64 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 120 } { src 69 } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 109 } { src 62 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 111 } { src 61 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 113 } { src 62 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 115 } { src 79 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 117 } { src 64 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 120 } { src 69 } { rep int-rep } }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 4 test-bb
 
@@ -1306,12 +1319,12 @@ V{
     T{ ##peek { dst 162 } { loc D 1 } }
     T{ ##peek { dst 164 } { loc D 4 } }
     T{ ##peek { dst 167 } { loc R 0 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 157 } { src 156 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 159 } { src 158 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 161 } { src 160 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 163 } { src 162 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 165 } { src 164 } }
-    T{ ##copy { dst 168 } { src 167 } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 157 } { src 156 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 159 } { src 158 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 161 } { src 160 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 163 } { src 162 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 165 } { src 164 } { rep int-rep } }
+    T{ ##copy { dst 168 } { src 167 } { rep int-rep } }
     T{ ##branch }
 } 4 test-bb
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor b/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
index d1b5558beb..6395d8644f 100755
--- a/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@ M: ##sub-float generate-insn dst/src1/src2 %sub-float ;
 M: ##mul-float generate-insn dst/src1/src2 %mul-float ;
 M: ##div-float generate-insn dst/src1/src2 %div-float ;
 
+M: ##sqrt generate-insn dst/src %sqrt ;
+
 M: ##integer>float generate-insn dst/src %integer>float ;
 M: ##float>integer generate-insn dst/src %float>integer ;
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/low-level-ir.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/low-level-ir.factor
index ececac3037..d67aaef43b 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/low-level-ir.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/low-level-ir.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ compiler.cfg.debugger compiler.cfg.instructions compiler.cfg.mr
 compiler.cfg.registers compiler.codegen compiler.units
 cpu.architecture hashtables kernel namespaces sequences
 tools.test vectors words layouts literals math arrays
-alien.syntax ;
+alien.syntax math.private ;
 IN: compiler.tests.low-level-ir
 
 : compile-cfg ( cfg -- word )
@@ -46,6 +46,20 @@ IN: compiler.tests.low-level-ir
     } compile-test-bb
 ] unit-test
 
+! ##copy on floats. We can only run this test if float intrinsics
+! are enabled.
+\ float+ "intrinsic" word-prop [
+    [ 1.5 ] [
+        V{
+            T{ ##load-reference f 4 1.5 }
+            T{ ##unbox-float f 1 4 }
+            T{ ##copy f 2 1 double-float-rep }
+            T{ ##box-float f 3 2 }
+            T{ ##copy f 0 3 int-rep }
+        } compile-test-bb
+    ] unit-test
+] when
+
 ! make sure slot access works when the destination is
 ! one of the sources
 [ t ] [
@@ -138,4 +152,4 @@ USE: multiline
     } compile-test-bb
 ] unit-test
 
-*/
\ No newline at end of file
+*/
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
index 3a20424e18..2387db3c15 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel effects accessors math math.private
 math.integers.private math.partial-dispatch math.intervals
-math.parser math.order math.functions layouts words sequences sequences.private
-arrays assocs classes classes.algebra combinators generic.math
-splitting fry locals classes.tuple alien.accessors
-classes.tuple.private slots.private definitions strings.private
-vectors hashtables generic quotations
+math.parser math.order math.functions math.libm layouts words
+sequences sequences.private arrays assocs classes
+classes.algebra combinators generic.math splitting fry locals
+classes.tuple alien.accessors classes.tuple.private
+slots.private definitions strings.private vectors hashtables
+generic quotations
 stack-checker.state
 compiler.tree.comparisons
 compiler.tree.propagation.info
@@ -297,3 +298,8 @@ generic-comparison-ops [
         bi
     ] [ 2drop object-info ] if
 ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+
+{ facos fasin fatan fatan2 fcos fsin ftan fcosh fsinh ftanh fexp
+flog fpow fsqrt facosh fasinh fatanh } [
+    { float } "default-output-classes" set-word-prop
+] each
diff --git a/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor b/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
index 7bb9caec9b..71200e1ede 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ HOOK: %add-float cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %sub-float cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %mul-float cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %div-float cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %sqrt cpu ( dst src -- )
 
 HOOK: %integer>float cpu ( dst src -- )
 HOOK: %float>integer cpu ( dst src -- )
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler-tests.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler-tests.factor
index 6ee1c84558..8e412c4c83 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler-tests.factor
@@ -1,117 +1,120 @@
 USING: cpu.ppc.assembler tools.test arrays kernel namespaces
-make vocabs sequences ;
+make vocabs sequences byte-arrays.hex ;
 FROM: cpu.ppc.assembler => B ;
 IN: cpu.ppc.assembler.tests
 
 : test-assembler ( expected quot -- )
     [ 1array ] [ [ B{ } make ] curry ] bi* unit-test ;
 
-B{ HEX: 38 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 3c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIS ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 30 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIC ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 34 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIC. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 38 HEX: 40 HEX: 00 HEX: 01 } [ 1 2 LI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 3c HEX: 40 HEX: 00 HEX: 01 } [ 1 2 LIS ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 38 HEX: 22 HEX: ff HEX: fd } [ 1 2 3 SUBI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 1c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 MULI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1a HEX: 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADD ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1a HEX: 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADD. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1e HEX: 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1e HEX: 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDC ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDC. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1e HEX: 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1c HEX: 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDCO. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 19 HEX: 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDE ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 38 } [ 1 2 3 AND ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 39 } [ 1 2 3 AND. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1b HEX: d6 } [ 1 2 3 DIVW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 1b HEX: 96 } [ 1 2 3 DIVWU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: 38 } [ 1 2 3 EQV ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1b HEX: b8 } [ 1 2 3 NAND ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: f8 } [ 1 2 3 NOR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 10 HEX: f8 } [ 1 2 NOT ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 60 HEX: 41 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ORI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 64 HEX: 41 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 ORIS ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1b HEX: 78 } [ 1 2 3 OR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 13 HEX: 78 } [ 1 2 MR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 96 } [ 1 2 3 MULHW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 1c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 MULLI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 16 } [ 1 2 3 MULHWU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 19 HEX: d6 } [ 1 2 3 MULLW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 30 } [ 1 2 3 SLW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1e HEX: 30 } [ 1 2 3 SRAW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1c HEX: 30 } [ 1 2 3 SRW ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1e HEX: 70 } [ 1 2 3 SRAWI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 50 } [ 1 2 3 SUBF ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 10 } [ 1 2 3 SUBFC ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 19 HEX: 10 } [ 1 2 3 SUBFE ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 07 HEX: 74 } [ 1 2 EXTSB ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 68 HEX: 41 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 XORI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: 78 } [ 1 2 3 XOR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: d0 } [ 1 2 NEG ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 2c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 CMPI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 28 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 CMPLI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 00 } [ 1 2 3 CMP ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 54 HEX: 22 HEX: 19 HEX: 0a } [ 1 2 3 4 5 RLWINM ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 54 HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 38 } [ 1 2 3 SLWI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 54 HEX: 22 HEX: e8 HEX: fe } [ 1 2 3 SRWI ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 88 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LBZ ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 8c HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LBZU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: a8 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHA ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: ac HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHAU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: a0 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHZ ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: a4 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHZU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 80 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LWZ ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 84 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LWZU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: ae } [ 1 2 3 LBZX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: ee } [ 1 2 3 LBZUX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: ae } [ 1 2 3 LHAX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: ee } [ 1 2 3 LHAUX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: 2e } [ 1 2 3 LHZX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 1a HEX: 6e } [ 1 2 3 LHZUX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 2e } [ 1 2 3 LWZX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 6e } [ 1 2 3 LWZUX ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 48 HEX: 00 HEX: 00 HEX: 01 } [ 1 B ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 48 HEX: 00 HEX: 00 HEX: 01 } [ 1 BL ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 41 HEX: 80 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BLT ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 41 HEX: 81 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BGT ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 40 HEX: 81 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BLE ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 40 HEX: 80 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BGE ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 41 HEX: 80 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BLT ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 40 HEX: 82 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BNE ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 41 HEX: 82 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BEQ ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 41 HEX: 83 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BO ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 40 HEX: 83 HEX: 00 HEX: 04 } [ 1 BNO ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 4c HEX: 20 HEX: 00 HEX: 20 } [ 1 BCLR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 4e HEX: 80 HEX: 00 HEX: 20 } [ BLR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 4e HEX: 80 HEX: 00 HEX: 21 } [ BLRL ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 4c HEX: 20 HEX: 04 HEX: 20 } [ 1 BCCTR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 4e HEX: 80 HEX: 04 HEX: 20 } [ BCTR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 61 HEX: 02 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MFXER ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 68 HEX: 02 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MFLR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 69 HEX: 02 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MFCTR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 61 HEX: 03 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MTXER ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 68 HEX: 03 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MTLR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 69 HEX: 03 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MTCTR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 61 HEX: 02 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MFXER ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 7c HEX: 68 HEX: 02 HEX: a6 } [ 3 MFLR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: c0 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFS ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: c4 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFSU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: c8 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFD ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: cc HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFDU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: d0 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFS ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: d4 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFSU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: d8 HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFD ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: dc HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFDU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 20 HEX: 10 HEX: 48 } [ 1 2 FMR ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 20 HEX: 10 HEX: 1e } [ 1 2 FCTIWZ ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 2a } [ 1 2 3 FADD ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 2b } [ 1 2 3 FADD. ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 28 } [ 1 2 3 FSUB ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 22 HEX: 00 HEX: f2 } [ 1 2 3 FMUL ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 22 HEX: 18 HEX: 24 } [ 1 2 3 FDIV ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 20 HEX: 10 HEX: 2c } [ 1 2 FSQRT ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 00 } [ 1 2 3 FCMPU ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: fc HEX: 41 HEX: 18 HEX: 40 } [ 1 2 3 FCMPO ] test-assembler
-B{ HEX: 3c HEX: 60 HEX: 12 HEX: 34 HEX: 60 HEX: 63 HEX: 56 HEX: 78 } [ HEX: 12345678 3 LOAD ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 38 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 3c 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIS ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 30 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIC ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 34 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ADDIC. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 38 40 00 01 } [ 1 2 LI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 3c 40 00 01 } [ 1 2 LIS ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 38 22 ff fd } [ 1 2 3 SUBI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 1c 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 MULI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1a 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADD ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1a 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADD. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1e 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1e 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDC ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDC. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1e 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDO ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1c 15 } [ 1 2 3 ADDCO. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 19 14 } [ 1 2 3 ADDE ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 38 } [ 1 2 3 AND ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 39 } [ 1 2 3 AND. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1b d6 } [ 1 2 3 DIVW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 1b 96 } [ 1 2 3 DIVWU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a 38 } [ 1 2 3 EQV ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1b b8 } [ 1 2 3 NAND ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 f8 } [ 1 2 3 NOR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 10 f8 } [ 1 2 NOT ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 60 41 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ORI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 64 41 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 ORIS ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1b 78 } [ 1 2 3 OR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 13 78 } [ 1 2 MR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 96 } [ 1 2 3 MULHW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 1c 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 MULLI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 16 } [ 1 2 3 MULHWU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 19 d6 } [ 1 2 3 MULLW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 30 } [ 1 2 3 SLW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1e 30 } [ 1 2 3 SRAW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1c 30 } [ 1 2 3 SRW ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1e 70 } [ 1 2 3 SRAWI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 50 } [ 1 2 3 SUBF ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 18 10 } [ 1 2 3 SUBFC ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 19 10 } [ 1 2 3 SUBFE ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 07 74 } [ 1 2 EXTSB ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 68 41 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 XORI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a 78 } [ 1 2 3 XOR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 22 00 d0 } [ 1 2 NEG ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 2c 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 CMPI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 28 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 CMPLI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 00 } [ 1 2 3 CMP ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 54 22 19 0a } [ 1 2 3 4 5 RLWINM ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 54 22 18 38 } [ 1 2 3 SLWI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 54 22 e8 fe } [ 1 2 3 SRWI ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 88 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LBZ ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 8c 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LBZU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ a8 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHA ] test-assembler
+HEX{ ac 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHAU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ a0 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHZ ] test-assembler
+HEX{ a4 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LHZU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 80 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LWZ ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 84 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LWZU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 ae } [ 1 2 3 LBZX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 ee } [ 1 2 3 LBZUX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a ae } [ 1 2 3 LHAX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a ee } [ 1 2 3 LHAUX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a 2e } [ 1 2 3 LHZX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 1a 6e } [ 1 2 3 LHZUX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 2e } [ 1 2 3 LWZX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 41 18 6e } [ 1 2 3 LWZUX ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 48 00 00 01 } [ 1 B ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 48 00 00 01 } [ 1 BL ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 41 80 00 04 } [ 1 BLT ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 41 81 00 04 } [ 1 BGT ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 40 81 00 04 } [ 1 BLE ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 40 80 00 04 } [ 1 BGE ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 41 80 00 04 } [ 1 BLT ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 40 82 00 04 } [ 1 BNE ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 41 82 00 04 } [ 1 BEQ ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 41 83 00 04 } [ 1 BO ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 40 83 00 04 } [ 1 BNO ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 4c 20 00 20 } [ 1 BCLR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 4e 80 00 20 } [ BLR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 4e 80 00 21 } [ BLRL ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 4c 20 04 20 } [ 1 BCCTR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 4e 80 04 20 } [ BCTR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 61 02 a6 } [ 3 MFXER ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 68 02 a6 } [ 3 MFLR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 69 02 a6 } [ 3 MFCTR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 61 03 a6 } [ 3 MTXER ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 68 03 a6 } [ 3 MTLR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 69 03 a6 } [ 3 MTCTR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 61 02 a6 } [ 3 MFXER ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 7c 68 02 a6 } [ 3 MFLR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ c0 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFS ] test-assembler
+HEX{ c4 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFSU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ c8 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFD ] test-assembler
+HEX{ cc 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 LFDU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ d0 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFS ] test-assembler
+HEX{ d4 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFSU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ d8 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFD ] test-assembler
+HEX{ dc 22 00 03 } [ 1 2 3 STFDU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 20 10 90 } [ 1 2 FMR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 40 08 90 } [ 2 1 FMR ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 20 10 91 } [ 1 2 FMR. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 40 08 91 } [ 2 1 FMR. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 20 10 1e } [ 1 2 FCTIWZ ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 22 18 2a } [ 1 2 3 FADD ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 22 18 2b } [ 1 2 3 FADD. ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 22 18 28 } [ 1 2 3 FSUB ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 22 00 f2 } [ 1 2 3 FMUL ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 22 18 24 } [ 1 2 3 FDIV ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 20 10 2c } [ 1 2 FSQRT ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 41 18 00 } [ 1 2 3 FCMPU ] test-assembler
+HEX{ fc 41 18 40 } [ 1 2 3 FCMPO ] test-assembler
+HEX{ 3c 60 12 34 60 63 56 78 } [ HEX: 12345678 3 LOAD ] test-assembler
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler.factor
index 2daf3678ce..dd633f4e9a 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/assembler/assembler.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2005, 2009 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel namespaces words io.binary math math.order
+USING: kernel namespaces words math math.order locals
 cpu.ppc.assembler.backend ;
 IN: cpu.ppc.assembler
 
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ X: XOR 0 316 31
 X: XOR. 1 316 31
 X1: EXTSB 0 954 31
 X1: EXTSB. 1 954 31
-: FMR ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 72 0 63 x-insn ;
-: FMR. ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 72 1 63 x-insn ;
+: FMR ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 0 72 63 x-insn ;
+: FMR. ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 1 72 63 x-insn ;
 : FCTIWZ ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 0 15 63 x-insn ;
 : FCTIWZ. ( a s -- ) [ 0 ] 2dip 1 15 63 x-insn ;
 
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ MTSPR: LR 8
 MTSPR: CTR 9
 
 ! Pseudo-instructions
-: LI ( value dst -- ) 0 rot ADDI ; inline
+: LI ( value dst -- ) swap [ 0 ] dip ADDI ; inline
 : SUBI ( dst src1 src2 -- ) neg ADDI ; inline
-: LIS ( value dst -- ) 0 rot ADDIS ; inline
+: LIS ( value dst -- ) swap [ 0 ] dip ADDIS ; inline
 : SUBIC ( dst src1 src2 -- ) neg ADDIC ; inline
 : SUBIC. ( dst src1 src2 -- ) neg ADDIC. ; inline
 : NOT ( dst src -- ) dup NOR ; inline
@@ -204,6 +204,8 @@ MTSPR: CTR 9
 : (SRWI) ( d a b -- d a b x y ) 32 over - swap 31 ; inline
 : SRWI ( d a b -- ) (SRWI) RLWINM ;
 : SRWI. ( d a b -- ) (SRWI) RLWINM. ;
-: LOAD32 ( n r -- ) [ w>h/h ] dip tuck LIS dup rot ORI ;
+:: LOAD32 ( n r -- )
+    n -16 shift HEX: ffff bitand r LIS
+    r r n HEX: ffff bitand ORI ;
 : immediate? ( n -- ? ) HEX: -8000 HEX: 7fff between? ;
 : LOAD ( n r -- ) over immediate? [ LI ] [ LOAD32 ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
index d6674e7097..aec7e85b56 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ M: rs-loc loc-reg drop rs-reg ;
 M: ppc %peek loc>operand LWZ ;
 M: ppc %replace loc>operand STW ;
 
-: (%inc) ( n reg -- ) dup rot cells ADDI ; inline
+:: (%inc) ( n reg -- ) reg reg n cells ADDI ; inline
 
 M: ppc %inc-d ( n -- ) ds-reg (%inc) ;
 M: ppc %inc-r ( n -- ) rs-reg (%inc) ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
index bd03b47302..8808c47995 100755
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
@@ -208,13 +208,13 @@ M: x86 %unbox-small-struct ( size -- )
         { 2 [ %unbox-struct-2 ] }
     } case ;
 
-M: x86.32 %unbox-large-struct ( n c-type -- )
+M:: x86.32 %unbox-large-struct ( n c-type -- )
     ! Alien must be in EAX.
     ! Compute destination address
-    ECX rot stack@ LEA
+    ECX n stack@ LEA
     12 [
         ! Push struct size
-        heap-size PUSH
+        c-type heap-size PUSH
         ! Push destination address
         ECX PUSH
         ! Push source address
@@ -304,6 +304,7 @@ USING: cpu.x86.features cpu.x86.features.private ;
     sse2? [
         " - yes" print
         enable-float-intrinsics
+        enable-fsqrt
         [
             sse2? [
                 "This image was built to use SSE2, which your CPU does not support." print
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
index 7c832fe66c..153e2c511b 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
@@ -102,13 +102,12 @@ M: x86.64 %unbox-small-struct ( c-type -- )
         flatten-value-type [ %unbox-struct-field ] each-index
     ] with-return-regs ;
 
-M: x86.64 %unbox-large-struct ( n c-type -- )
+M:: x86.64 %unbox-large-struct ( n c-type -- )
     ! Source is in param-reg-1
-    heap-size
-    ! Load destination address
-    param-reg-2 rot param@ LEA
-    ! Load structure size
-    param-reg-3 swap MOV
+    ! Load destination address into param-reg-2
+    param-reg-2 n param@ LEA
+    ! Load structure size into param-reg-3
+    param-reg-3 c-type heap-size MOV
     ! Copy the struct to the C stack
     "to_value_struct" f %alien-invoke ;
 
@@ -204,6 +203,7 @@ enable-alien-4-intrinsics
 
 ! SSE2 is always available on x86-64.
 enable-float-intrinsics
+enable-fsqrt
 
 USE: vocabs.loader
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
index a6c958083c..f61dd82276 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ M: x86 %add-float nip ADDSD ;
 M: x86 %sub-float nip SUBSD ;
 M: x86 %mul-float nip MULSD ;
 M: x86 %div-float nip DIVSD ;
+M: x86 %sqrt SQRTSD ;
 
 M: x86 %integer>float CVTSI2SD ;
 M: x86 %float>integer CVTTSD2SI ;
diff --git a/basis/io/directories/unix/unix.factor b/basis/io/directories/unix/unix.factor
index b8b781ec12..a107a46275 100644
--- a/basis/io/directories/unix/unix.factor
+++ b/basis/io/directories/unix/unix.factor
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ M: unix find-next-file ( DIR* -- byte-array )
 
 M: unix >directory-entry ( byte-array -- directory-entry )
     {
-        [ dirent-d_name utf8 alien>string ]
+        [ dirent-d_name underlying>> utf8 alien>string ]
         [ dirent-d_type dirent-type>file-type ]
     } cleave directory-entry boa ;
 
diff --git a/basis/math/libm/libm.factor b/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
index 96f5f134cc..e2bd2ef6eb 100644
--- a/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
+++ b/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
@@ -5,69 +5,52 @@ IN: math.libm
 
 : facos ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "acos" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fasin ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "asin" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fatan ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "atan" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fatan2 ( x y -- z )
     "double" "libm" "atan2" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fcos ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "cos" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fsin ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sin" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : ftan ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "tan" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fcosh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "cosh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fsinh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sinh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : ftanh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "tanh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fexp ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "exp" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : flog ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "log" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fpow ( x y -- z )
     "double" "libm" "pow" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fsqrt ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sqrt" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
     
 ! Windows doesn't have these...
 : facosh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "acosh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fasinh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "asinh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
 
 : fatanh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "atanh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    inline
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor
index b49dfa35e4..37978b6dfa 100755
--- a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ IN: specialized-arrays.direct.functor
 FUNCTOR: define-direct-array ( T -- )
 
 A'      IS ${T}-array
+S       IS ${T}-sequence
 >A'     IS >${T}-array
 <A'>    IS <${A'}>
 A'{     IS ${A'}{
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ M: A set-nth-unsafe underlying>> SET-NTH call ;
 M: A like drop dup A instance? [ >A' ] unless ;
 M: A new-sequence drop <A'> ;
 
+M: A byte-length length>> T heap-size * ;
+
 M: A pprint-delims drop \ A'{ \ } ;
 
 M: A >pprint-sequence ;
@@ -38,5 +41,11 @@ M: A >pprint-sequence ;
 M: A pprint* pprint-object ;
 
 INSTANCE: A sequence
+INSTANCE: A S
+
+T c-type
+    \ A >>direct-array-class
+    \ <A> >>direct-array-constructor
+    drop
 
 ;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor
index 06b9aef17d..3341a909d2 100644
--- a/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ M: bad-byte-array-length summary
 FUNCTOR: define-array ( T -- )
 
 A            DEFINES-CLASS ${T}-array
+S            DEFINES-CLASS ${T}-sequence
 <A>          DEFINES <${A}>
 (A)          DEFINES (${A})
 >A           DEFINES >${A}
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ SET-NTH      [ T dup c-setter array-accessor ]
 
 WHERE
 
+MIXIN: S
+
 TUPLE: A
 { length array-capacity read-only }
 { underlying byte-array read-only } ;
@@ -73,7 +76,14 @@ M: A pprint* pprint-object ;
 SYNTAX: A{ \ } [ >A ] parse-literal ;
 
 INSTANCE: A sequence
+INSTANCE: A S
 
 A T c-type-boxed-class specialize-vector-words
 
+T c-type
+    \ A >>array-class
+    \ <A> >>array-constructor
+    \ S >>sequence-mixin-class
+    drop
+
 ;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor
index 08c44cd197..27bba3f9a6 100644
--- a/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ FUNCTOR: define-vector ( T -- )
 V   DEFINES-CLASS ${T}-vector
 
 A   IS      ${T}-array
+S   IS      ${T}-sequence
 <A> IS      <${A}>
 
 >V  DEFERS >${V}
@@ -32,5 +33,6 @@ M: V pprint* pprint-object ;
 SYNTAX: V{ \ } [ >V ] parse-literal ;
 
 INSTANCE: V growable
+INSTANCE: V S
 
 ;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/core/alien/strings/strings.factor b/core/alien/strings/strings.factor
index c74c325726..ff20b8b033 100644
--- a/core/alien/strings/strings.factor
+++ b/core/alien/strings/strings.factor
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ M: c-ptr alien>string
     [ <memory-stream> ] [ <decoder> ] bi*
     "\0" swap stream-read-until drop ;
 
+M: object alien>string
+    [ underlying>> ] dip alien>string ;
+
 M: f alien>string
     drop ;
 
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor b/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
index 25915404be..de9b80b4ca 100755
--- a/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ DEFER: create ( level c r -- scene )
     ] with map ;
 
 : ray-pixel ( scene point -- n )
-    ss-grid ray-grid 0.0 -rot
+    ss-grid ray-grid [ 0.0 ] 2dip
     [ [ swap cast-ray + ] with each ] with each ;
 
 : pixel-grid ( -- grid )
diff --git a/extra/classes/struct/struct-tests.factor b/extra/classes/struct/struct-tests.factor
index 51df207003..6c7a4cf35d 100644
--- a/extra/classes/struct/struct-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/classes/struct/struct-tests.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 ! (c)Joe Groff bsd license
 USING: accessors alien.c-types alien.libraries
-alien.structs.fields alien.syntax classes.struct combinators
-destructors io.pathnames io.streams.string kernel libc literals math
-multiline namespaces prettyprint prettyprint.config see system
-tools.test ;
+alien.structs.fields alien.syntax ascii classes.struct combinators
+destructors io.encodings.utf8 io.pathnames io.streams.string
+kernel libc literals math multiline namespaces prettyprint
+prettyprint.config see sequences specialized-arrays.ushort
+system tools.test ;
 IN: classes.struct.tests
 
 <<
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ STRUCT: struct-test-bar
     { foo struct-test-foo } ;
 
 [ 12 ] [ struct-test-foo heap-size ] unit-test
+[ 12 ] [ struct-test-foo <struct> byte-length ] unit-test
 [ 16 ] [ struct-test-bar heap-size ] unit-test
 [ 123 ] [ struct-test-foo <struct> y>> ] unit-test
 [ 123 ] [ struct-test-bar <struct> foo>> y>> ] unit-test
@@ -144,3 +146,16 @@ LIBRARY: f-cdecl
 FUNCTION: int ffi_test_11 ( int a, struct-test-ffi-foo b, int c ) ;
 
 [ 14 ] [ 1 2 3 struct-test-ffi-foo <struct-boa> 4 ffi_test_11 ] unit-test
+
+STRUCT: struct-test-array-slots
+    { x int }
+    { y ushort[6] initial: ushort-array{ 2 3 5 7 11 13 } }
+    { z int } ;
+
+[ 11 ] [ struct-test-array-slots <struct> y>> 4 swap nth ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    struct-test-array-slots <struct>
+    [ y>> [ 8 3 ] dip set-nth ]
+    [ y>> ushort-array{ 2 3 5 8 11 13 } sequence= ] bi
+] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/classes/struct/struct.factor b/extra/classes/struct/struct.factor
index 51df296f1a..e9de2f7e36 100644
--- a/extra/classes/struct/struct.factor
+++ b/extra/classes/struct/struct.factor
@@ -94,6 +94,10 @@ M: struct-class writer-quot
     [ \ struct-slot-values create-method-in ]
     [ struct-slot-values-quot ] bi define ;
 
+: (define-byte-length-method) ( class -- )
+    [ \ byte-length create-method-in ]
+    [ heap-size \ drop swap [ ] 2sequence ] bi define ;
+
 ! Struct as c-type
 
 : slot>field ( slot -- field )
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ M: struct-class writer-quot
             [ "struct-align" word-prop ]
             [ struct-slots [ slot>field ] map ]
         } cleave
-        (define-struct)
+        struct-type (define-struct)
     ] [
         {
             [ name>> c-type ]
@@ -172,6 +176,10 @@ M: struct-class heap-size
         over [ swapd [ call( value struct -- ) ] curry keep ] [ 2drop ] if
     ] each ;
 
+: (struct-methods) ( class -- )
+    [ (define-struct-slot-values-method) ]
+    [ (define-byte-length-method) ] bi ;
+
 : (struct-word-props) ( class slots size align -- )
     [
         [ "struct-slots" set-word-prop ]
@@ -181,7 +189,7 @@ M: struct-class heap-size
     [ "struct-align" set-word-prop ] tri-curry*
     [ tri ] 3curry
     [ dup struct-prototype "prototype" set-word-prop ]
-    [ (define-struct-slot-values-method) ] tri ;
+    [ (struct-methods) ] tri ;
 
 : check-struct-slots ( slots -- )
     [ c-type>> c-type drop ] each ;