diff --git a/core/bootstrap/stage2.factor b/core/bootstrap/stage2.factor
index 63b5726ad7..2aeb3099ac 100755
--- a/core/bootstrap/stage2.factor
+++ b/core/bootstrap/stage2.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
     "exclude" "include"
     [ get-global " " split [ empty? not ] subset ] 2apply
     seq-diff
-    [ "bootstrap." swap append require ] each ;
+    [ "bootstrap." prepend require ] each ;
 
 : compile-remaining ( -- )
     "Compiling remaining words..." print flush
diff --git a/core/classes/union/union.factor b/core/classes/union/union.factor
index dcc05e8160..c1c82d158b 100755
--- a/core/classes/union/union.factor
+++ b/core/classes/union/union.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ PREDICATE: class union-class
         drop [ drop f ]
     ] [
         unclip first "predicate" word-prop swap
-        [ >r "predicate" word-prop [ dup ] swap append r> ]
+        [ >r "predicate" word-prop [ dup ] prepend r> ]
         assoc-map alist>quot
     ] if ;
 
diff --git a/core/combinators/combinators.factor b/core/combinators/combinators.factor
index ffd1576e6e..53d18b53ca 100755
--- a/core/combinators/combinators.factor
+++ b/core/combinators/combinators.factor
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ M: hashtable hashcode*
 
 : hash-case-quot ( default assoc -- quot )
     hash-case-table hash-dispatch-quot
-    [ dup hashcode >fixnum ] swap append ;
+    [ dup hashcode >fixnum ] prepend ;
 
 : contiguous-range? ( keys -- from to ? )
     dup [ fixnum? ] all? [
diff --git a/core/command-line/command-line.factor b/core/command-line/command-line.factor
index ed4fb9f606..72c1e063e0 100644
--- a/core/command-line/command-line.factor
+++ b/core/command-line/command-line.factor
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ splitting io.files ;
 
 : run-bootstrap-init ( -- )
     "user-init" get [
-        home ".factor-boot-rc" path+ ?run-file
+        home ".factor-boot-rc" append-path ?run-file
     ] when ;
 
 : run-user-init ( -- )
     "user-init" get [
-        home ".factor-rc" path+ ?run-file
+        home ".factor-rc" append-path ?run-file
     ] when ;
 
 : cli-var-param ( name value -- ) swap set-global ;
diff --git a/core/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor b/core/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
index dd9a453cfc..b854b4ef0d 100755
--- a/core/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
+++ b/core/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ cell 8 = [
 [ 252 ] [ B{ 1 2 3 -4 5 } 3 [ { byte-array fixnum } declare alien-unsigned-1 ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ -4 ] [ B{ 1 2 3 -4 5 } 3 [ { byte-array fixnum } declare alien-signed-1 ] compile-call ] unit-test
 
-: xword-def word-def [ { fixnum } declare ] swap append ;
+: xword-def word-def [ { fixnum } declare ] prepend ;
 
 [ -100 ] [ -100 <char> [ { byte-array } declare *char ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ 156 ] [ -100 <uchar> [ { byte-array } declare *uchar ] compile-call ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/generic/math/math.factor b/core/generic/math/math.factor
index 9fd5481a39..b01fb87f72 100755
--- a/core/generic/math/math.factor
+++ b/core/generic/math/math.factor
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ TUPLE: no-math-method left right generic ;
     2dup and [
         2dup math-upgrade >r
         math-class-max over order min-class applicable-method
-        r> swap append
+        r> prepend
     ] [
         2drop object-method
     ] if ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/standard.factor b/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
index c634e02e75..35161319ef 100755
--- a/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ C: <hook-combination> hook-combination
     0 (dispatch#) [
         swap slip
         hook-combination-var [ get ] curry
-        swap append
+        prepend
     ] with-variable ; inline
 
 M: hook-combination make-default-method
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ M: hook-combination make-default-method
 M: hook-combination perform-combination
     [
         standard-methods
-        [ [ drop ] swap append ] assoc-map
+        [ [ drop ] prepend ] assoc-map
         single-combination
     ] with-hook ;
 
diff --git a/core/io/files/files-docs.factor b/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
index df9c78fe47..1ee9d19e4a 100755
--- a/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
+++ b/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ARTICLE: "pathnames" "Pathname manipulation"
 { $subsection parent-directory }
 { $subsection file-name }
 { $subsection last-path-separator }
-{ $subsection path+ }
+{ $subsection append-path }
 "Pathnames relative to Factor's install directory:"
 { $subsection resource-path }
 { $subsection ?resource-path }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ HELP: stat ( path -- directory? permissions length modified )
 
 { stat exists? directory? } related-words
 
-HELP: path+
+HELP: append-path
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str" "a string" } }
 { $description "Concatenates two pathnames." } ;
 
diff --git a/core/io/files/files.factor b/core/io/files/files.factor
index a6320a7507..0d00197415 100755
--- a/core/io/files/files.factor
+++ b/core/io/files/files.factor
@@ -32,10 +32,13 @@ HOOK: rename-file io-backend ( from to -- )
 : left-trim-separators ( str -- newstr )
     [ path-separator? ] left-trim ;
 
-: path+ ( str1 str2 -- str )
+: append-path ( str1 str2 -- str )
     >r right-trim-separators "/" r>
     left-trim-separators 3append ;
 
+: prepend-path ( str1 str2 -- str )
+    swap append-path ; inline
+
 : last-path-separator ( path -- n ? )
     [ length 1- ] keep [ path-separator? ] find-last* ;
 
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ HOOK: make-directory io-backend ( path -- )
 : fixup-directory ( path seq -- newseq )
     [
         dup string?
-        [ tuck path+ directory? 2array ] [ nip ] if
+        [ tuck append-path directory? 2array ] [ nip ] if
     ] with map
     [ first special-directory? not ] subset ;
 
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ HOOK: make-directory io-backend ( path -- )
     normalize-directory dup (directory) fixup-directory ;
 
 : directory* ( path -- seq )
-    dup directory [ first2 >r path+ r> 2array ] with map ;
+    dup directory [ first2 >r append-path r> 2array ] with map ;
 
 ! Touching files
 HOOK: touch-file io-backend ( path -- )
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ HOOK: delete-directory io-backend ( path -- )
 : delete-tree ( path -- )
     dup directory? (delete-tree) ;
 
-: to-directory over file-name path+ ;
+: to-directory over file-name append-path ;
 
 ! Moving and renaming files
 HOOK: move-file io-backend ( from to -- )
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ DEFER: copy-tree-into
 : copy-tree ( from to -- )
     over directory? [
         >r dup directory swap r> [
-            >r swap first path+ r> copy-tree-into
+            >r swap first append-path r> copy-tree-into
         ] 2curry each
     ] [
         copy-file
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ DEFER: copy-tree-into
 ! Special paths
 : resource-path ( path -- newpath )
     \ resource-path get [ image parent-directory ] unless*
-    swap path+ ;
+    prepend-path ;
 
 : ?resource-path ( path -- newpath )
     "resource:" ?head [ resource-path ] when ;
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ M: pathname <=> [ pathname-string ] compare ;
       [ dup make-directory ]
     when ;
 
-: temp-file ( name -- path ) temp-directory swap path+ ;
+: temp-file ( name -- path ) temp-directory prepend-path ;
 
 ! Home directory
 : home ( -- dir )
diff --git a/core/optimizer/specializers/specializers.factor b/core/optimizer/specializers/specializers.factor
index 5153d84c7f..560a174289 100755
--- a/core/optimizer/specializers/specializers.factor
+++ b/core/optimizer/specializers/specializers.factor
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ IN: optimizer.specializers
     swap "method-class" word-prop add* ;
 
 : specialize-method ( quot method -- quot' )
-    method-declaration [ declare ] curry swap append ;
+    method-declaration [ declare ] curry prepend ;
 
 : specialize-quot ( quot specializer -- quot' )
     dup { number } = [
diff --git a/core/sequences/sequences.factor b/core/sequences/sequences.factor
index 9fc5264440..3c69bfa41c 100755
--- a/core/sequences/sequences.factor
+++ b/core/sequences/sequences.factor
@@ -299,6 +299,8 @@ M: immutable-sequence clone-like like ;
 
 : append ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq ) over (append) ;
 
+: prepend ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq ) swap append ; inline
+
 : 3append ( seq1 seq2 seq3 -- newseq ) pick (3append) ;
 
 : change-nth ( i seq quot -- )
diff --git a/core/syntax/syntax.factor b/core/syntax/syntax.factor
index d9870b08da..8cc9211599 100755
--- a/core/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/core/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -163,6 +163,11 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
         [ construct-boa ] curry define-inline
     ] define-syntax
 
+    "ERROR:" [
+        CREATE-CLASS dup ";" parse-tokens define-tuple-class
+        dup [ construct-boa throw ] curry define
+    ] define-syntax
+
     "FORGET:" [
         scan-word
         dup parsing? [ V{ } clone swap execute first ] when
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
index 0519096128..85399ca9e7 100755
--- a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ IN: vocabs.loader.tests
     [
         { "2" "a" "b" "d" "e" "f" }
         [
-            "vocabs.loader.test." swap append forget-vocab
+            "vocabs.loader.test." prepend forget-vocab
         ] each
     ] with-compilation-unit ;
 
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
index 9833b2834f..103b5290a4 100755
--- a/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ V{
 
 : vocab-dir? ( root name -- ? )
     over [
-        ".factor" vocab-dir+ path+ resource-exists?
+        ".factor" vocab-dir+ append-path resource-exists?
     ] [
         2drop f
     ] if ;
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ H{ } clone root-cache set-global
         vocab-roots get swap [ vocab-dir? ] curry find nip
     ] cache ;
 
-: vocab-path+ ( vocab path -- newpath )
-    swap find-vocab-root dup [ swap path+ ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+: vocab-append-path ( vocab path -- newpath )
+    swap find-vocab-root dup [ prepend-path ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
 : vocab-source-path ( vocab -- path/f )
-    dup ".factor" vocab-dir+ vocab-path+ ;
+    dup ".factor" vocab-dir+ vocab-append-path ;
 
 : vocab-docs-path ( vocab -- path/f )
-    dup "-docs.factor" vocab-dir+ vocab-path+ ;
+    dup "-docs.factor" vocab-dir+ vocab-append-path ;
 
 SYMBOL: load-help?