diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 290f075aae..f4334f3727 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ temp
 logs
 work
 build-support/wordsize
+*.bak
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 973ba1f3d4..ffcbf6364c 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ factor: $(DLL_OBJS) $(EXE_OBJS)
 
 clean:
 	rm -f vm/*.o
-	rm -f factor*.dll libfactor*.*
+	rm -f factor*.dll libfactor.{a,so,dylib}
 
 vm/resources.o:
 	$(WINDRES) vm/factor.rs vm/resources.o
diff --git a/README.txt b/README.txt
index 754791aa1a..98616539d2 100755
--- a/README.txt
+++ b/README.txt
@@ -43,13 +43,10 @@ Compilation will yield an executable named 'factor' on Unix,
 
 For X11 support, you need recent development libraries for libc,
 Freetype, X11, OpenGL and GLUT. On a Debian-derived Linux distribution
-(like Ubuntu), you can use the line
+(like Ubuntu), you can use the following line to grab everything:
 
     sudo apt-get install libc6-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev glutg3-dev
 
-to grab everything (if you're on a non-debian-derived distro please tell
-us what the equivalent command is on there and it can be added).
-
 * Bootstrapping the Factor image
 
 Once you have compiled the Factor runtime, you must bootstrap the Factor
diff --git a/basis/alarms/alarms-docs.factor b/basis/alarms/alarms-docs.factor
index dac8b72dd5..2d494afca3 100644
--- a/basis/alarms/alarms-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alarms/alarms-docs.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ HELP: alarm
 { $class-description "An alarm. Can be passed to " { $link cancel-alarm } "." } ;
 
 HELP: add-alarm
-{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "time" timestamp } { "frequency" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "alarm" alarm } }
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "time" timestamp } { "frequency" { $maybe duration } } { "alarm" alarm } }
 { $description "Creates and registers an alarm. If " { $snippet "frequency" } " is " { $link f } ", this will be a one-time alarm, otherwise it will fire with the given frequency. The quotation will be called from the alarm thread." } ;
 
 HELP: later
diff --git a/basis/alarms/alarms.factor b/basis/alarms/alarms.factor
index 7fdeca9ae6..ad1838b3df 100644
--- a/basis/alarms/alarms.factor
+++ b/basis/alarms/alarms.factor
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ ERROR: bad-alarm-frequency frequency ;
     [ time>> ] dip before=? ;
 
 : reschedule-alarm ( alarm -- )
-    dup [ swap interval>> time+ ] change-time register-alarm ;
+    dup [ swap interval>> time+ now max ] change-time register-alarm ;
 
 : call-alarm ( alarm -- )
     [ entry>> box> drop ]
diff --git a/basis/alias/alias-docs.factor b/basis/alias/alias-docs.factor
index 4dcf1a7738..3f2eee6460 100644
--- a/basis/alias/alias-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alias/alias-docs.factor
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ HELP: ALIAS:
     }
 } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "alias" "Alias"
+ARTICLE: "alias" "Word aliasing"
 "The " { $vocab-link "alias" } " vocabulary implements a way to make many different names for the same word. Although creating new names for words is generally frowned upon, aliases are useful for the Win32 API and other cases where words need to be renamed for symmetry." $nl 
 "Make a new word that aliases another word:"
 { $subsection define-alias }
diff --git a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
index 09a09cdc6f..c5efe1e030 100644
--- a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays-docs.factor
@@ -1,69 +1,7 @@
 IN: alien.arrays
 USING: help.syntax help.markup byte-arrays alien.c-types ;
 
-ARTICLE: "c-arrays-factor" "Converting C arrays to and from Factor arrays"
-"Each primitive C type has a pair of words, " { $snippet ">" { $emphasis "type" } "-array" } " and " { $snippet { $emphasis "type" } "-array>" } ", for converting an array of Factor objects to and from a " { $link byte-array } " of C values. This set of words consists of:"
-{ $subsection >c-bool-array      }
-{ $subsection >c-char-array      }
-{ $subsection >c-double-array    }
-{ $subsection >c-float-array     }
-{ $subsection >c-int-array       }
-{ $subsection >c-long-array      }
-{ $subsection >c-longlong-array  }
-{ $subsection >c-short-array     }
-{ $subsection >c-uchar-array     }
-{ $subsection >c-uint-array      }
-{ $subsection >c-ulong-array     }
-{ $subsection >c-ulonglong-array }
-{ $subsection >c-ushort-array    }
-{ $subsection >c-void*-array     }
-{ $subsection c-bool-array>      }
-{ $subsection c-char-array>      }
-{ $subsection c-double-array>    }
-{ $subsection c-float-array>     }
-{ $subsection c-int-array>       }
-{ $subsection c-long-array>      }
-{ $subsection c-longlong-array>  }
-{ $subsection c-short-array>     }
-{ $subsection c-uchar-array>     }
-{ $subsection c-uint-array>      }
-{ $subsection c-ulong-array>     }
-{ $subsection c-ulonglong-array> }
-{ $subsection c-ushort-array>    }
-{ $subsection c-void*-array>     } ;
-
-ARTICLE: "c-arrays-get/set" "Reading and writing elements in C arrays"
-"Each C type has a pair of words, " { $snippet { $emphasis "type" } "-nth" } " and " { $snippet "set-" { $emphasis "type" } "-nth" } ", for reading and writing values of this type stored in an array. This set of words includes but is not limited to:"
-{ $subsection char-nth }
-{ $subsection set-char-nth }
-{ $subsection uchar-nth }
-{ $subsection set-uchar-nth }
-{ $subsection short-nth }
-{ $subsection set-short-nth }
-{ $subsection ushort-nth }
-{ $subsection set-ushort-nth }
-{ $subsection int-nth }
-{ $subsection set-int-nth }
-{ $subsection uint-nth }
-{ $subsection set-uint-nth }
-{ $subsection long-nth }
-{ $subsection set-long-nth }
-{ $subsection ulong-nth }
-{ $subsection set-ulong-nth }
-{ $subsection longlong-nth }
-{ $subsection set-longlong-nth }
-{ $subsection ulonglong-nth }
-{ $subsection set-ulonglong-nth }
-{ $subsection float-nth }
-{ $subsection set-float-nth }
-{ $subsection double-nth }
-{ $subsection set-double-nth }
-{ $subsection void*-nth }
-{ $subsection set-void*-nth } ;
-
 ARTICLE: "c-arrays" "C arrays"
 "C arrays are allocated in the same manner as other C data; see " { $link "c-byte-arrays" } " and " { $link "malloc" } "."
 $nl
-"C type specifiers for array types are documented in " { $link "c-types-specs" } "."
-{ $subsection "c-arrays-factor" }
-{ $subsection "c-arrays-get/set" } ;
+"C type specifiers for array types are documented in " { $link "c-types-specs" } "." ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
index 94472e8261..727492edb1 100644
--- a/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/arrays/arrays.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ UNION: value-type array struct-type ;
 
 M: array c-type ;
 
+M: array c-type-class drop object ;
+
 M: array heap-size unclip heap-size [ * ] reduce ;
 
 M: array c-type-align first c-type-align ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
index 03208de63a..a2b555b057 100644
--- a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-docs.factor
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ HELP: byte-length
 { $contract "Outputs the size of the byte array or float array data in bytes as presented to the C library interface." } ;
 
 HELP: c-getter
-{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( c-ptr n -- obj )" } } }
+{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" { $quotation "( c-ptr n -- obj )" } } }
 { $description "Outputs a quotation which reads values of this C type from a C structure." }
 { $errors "Throws a " { $link no-c-type } " error if the type does not exist." } ;
 
 HELP: c-setter
-{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj c-ptr n -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj c-ptr n -- )" } } }
 { $description "Outputs a quotation which writes values of this C type to a C structure." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the type does not exist." } ;
 
@@ -89,16 +89,6 @@ HELP: malloc-byte-array
 { $warning "Don't forget to deallocate the memory with a call to " { $link free } "." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if memory allocation fails." } ;
 
-HELP: define-nth
-{ $values { "name" "a word name" } { "vocab" "a vocabulary name" } }
-{ $description "Defines a word " { $snippet { $emphasis "name" } "-nth" } " with stack effect " { $snippet "( n c-ptr -- value )" } " for reading the value with C type " { $snippet "name" } " stored at an alien pointer, displaced by a multiple of the C type's size." }
-{ $notes "This is an internal word called when defining C types, there is no need to call it on your own." } ;
-
-HELP: define-set-nth
-{ $values { "name" "a word name" } { "vocab" "a vocabulary name" } }
-{ $description "Defines a word " { $snippet "set-" { $emphasis "name" } "-nth" } " with stack effect " { $snippet "( value n c-ptr -- )" } " for writing the value with C type " { $snippet "name" } " to an alien pointer, displaced by a multiple of the C type's size." }
-{ $notes "This is an internal word called when defining C types, there is no need to call it on your own." } ;
-
 HELP: box-parameter
 { $values { "n" integer } { "ctype" string } }
 { $description "Generates code for converting a C value stored at  offset " { $snippet "n" } " from the top of the stack into a Factor object to be pushed on the data stack." }
@@ -115,12 +105,12 @@ HELP: unbox-return
 { $notes "This is an internal word used by the compiler when compiling callbacks." } ;
 
 HELP: define-deref
-{ $values { "name" "a word name" } { "vocab" "a vocabulary name" } }
+{ $values { "name" "a word name" } }
 { $description "Defines a word " { $snippet "*name" } " with stack effect " { $snippet "( c-ptr -- value )" } " for reading a value with C type " { $snippet "name" } " stored at an alien pointer." }
 { $notes "This is an internal word called when defining C types, there is no need to call it on your own." } ;
 
 HELP: define-out
-{ $values { "name" "a word name" } { "vocab" "a vocabulary name" } }
+{ $values { "name" "a word name" } }
 { $description "Defines a word " { $snippet "<" { $emphasis "name" } ">" } " with stack effect " { $snippet "( value -- array )" } ". This word allocates a byte array large enough to hold a value with C type " { $snippet "name" } ", and writes the value at the top of the stack to the array." }
 { $notes "This is an internal word called when defining C types, there is no need to call it on your own." } ;
 
@@ -230,9 +220,7 @@ $nl
 "You can copy a range of bytes from memory into a byte array:"
 { $subsection memory>byte-array }
 "You can copy a byte array to memory unsafely:"
-{ $subsection byte-array>memory }
-"A wrapper for temporarily allocating a block of memory:"
-{ $subsection with-malloc } ;
+{ $subsection byte-array>memory } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "c-data" "Passing data between Factor and C"
 "Two defining characteristics of Factor are dynamic typing and automatic memory management, which are somewhat incompatible with the machine-level data model exposed by C. Factor's C library interface defines its own set of C data types, distinct from Factor language types, together with automatic conversion between Factor values and C types. For example, C integer types must be declared and are fixed-width, whereas Factor supports arbitrary-precision integers."
diff --git a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-tests.factor b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-tests.factor
index edda9e7fdb..f57d102452 100644
--- a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types-tests.factor
@@ -55,4 +55,6 @@ TYPEDEF: uchar* MyLPBYTE
     0 B{ 1 2 3 4 } <displaced-alien> <void*>
 ] must-fail
 
-[ t ] [ { t f t } >c-bool-array { 1 0 1 } >c-int-array = ] unit-test
+os windows? cpu x86.64? and [
+    [ -2147467259 ] [ 2147500037 <long> *long ] unit-test
+] when
diff --git a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
index a93c87611d..c3ae644b47 100644
--- a/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/c-types/c-types.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: byte-arrays arrays assocs kernel kernel.private libc math
 namespaces make parser sequences strings words assocs splitting
 math.parser cpu.architecture alien alien.accessors quotations
 layouts system compiler.units io.files io.encodings.binary
-accessors combinators effects continuations ;
+accessors combinators effects continuations fry ;
 IN: alien.c-types
 
 DEFER: <int>
@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ DEFER: *char
 : little-endian? ( -- ? ) 1 <int> *char 1 = ; foldable
 
 TUPLE: c-type
+class
 boxer boxer-quot unboxer unboxer-quot
 getter setter
 reg-class size align stack-align? ;
 
 : new-c-type ( class -- type )
     new
-        int-regs >>reg-class ;
+        int-regs >>reg-class
+        object >>class ; inline
 
 : <c-type> ( -- type )
     \ c-type new-c-type ;
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ GENERIC: c-type ( name -- type ) foldable
 
 : parse-array-type ( name -- array )
     "[" split unclip
-    >r [ "]" ?tail drop string>number ] map r> prefix ;
+    [ [ "]" ?tail drop string>number ] map ] dip prefix ;
 
 M: string c-type ( name -- type )
     CHAR: ] over member? [
@@ -63,6 +65,12 @@ M: string c-type ( name -- type )
         ] ?if
     ] if ;
 
+GENERIC: c-type-class ( name -- class )
+
+M: c-type c-type-class class>> ;
+
+M: string c-type-class c-type c-type-class ;
+
 GENERIC: c-type-boxer ( name -- boxer )
 
 M: c-type c-type-boxer boxer>> ;
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ GENERIC: stack-size ( type -- size ) foldable
 
 M: string stack-size c-type stack-size ;
 
-M: c-type stack-size size>> ;
+M: c-type stack-size size>> cell align ;
 
 GENERIC: byte-length ( seq -- n ) flushable
 
@@ -172,12 +180,12 @@ M: byte-array byte-length length ;
 
 : c-getter ( name -- quot )
     c-type-getter [
-        [ "Cannot read struct fields with type" throw ]
+        [ "Cannot read struct fields with this type" throw ]
     ] unless* ;
 
 : c-setter ( name -- quot )
     c-type-setter [
-        [ "Cannot write struct fields with type" throw ]
+        [ "Cannot write struct fields with this type" throw ]
     ] unless* ;
 
 : <c-array> ( n type -- array )
@@ -193,36 +201,21 @@ M: byte-array byte-length length ;
     1 swap malloc-array ; inline
 
 : malloc-byte-array ( byte-array -- alien )
-    dup length dup malloc [ -rot memcpy ] keep ;
+    dup length [ nip malloc dup ] 2keep memcpy ;
 
 : memory>byte-array ( alien len -- byte-array )
-    dup <byte-array> [ -rot memcpy ] keep ;
+    [ nip <byte-array> dup ] 2keep memcpy ;
 
 : byte-array>memory ( byte-array base -- )
     swap dup length memcpy ;
 
-: (define-nth) ( word type quot -- )
+: array-accessor ( type quot -- def )
     [
         \ swap , [ heap-size , [ * >fixnum ] % ] [ % ] bi*
-    ] [ ] make define-inline ;
-
-: nth-word ( name vocab -- word )
-    >r "-nth" append r> create ;
-
-: define-nth ( name vocab -- )
-    dupd nth-word swap dup c-getter (define-nth) ;
-
-: set-nth-word ( name vocab -- word )
-    >r "set-" swap "-nth" 3append r> create ;
-
-: define-set-nth ( name vocab -- )
-    dupd set-nth-word swap dup c-setter (define-nth) ;
+    ] [ ] make ;
 
 : typedef ( old new -- ) c-types get set-at ;
 
-: define-c-type ( type name vocab -- )
-    >r tuck typedef r> [ define-nth ] 2keep define-set-nth ;
-
 TUPLE: long-long-type < c-type ;
 
 : <long-long-type> ( -- type )
@@ -240,62 +233,34 @@ M: long-long-type box-parameter ( n type -- )
 M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     f swap box-parameter ;
 
-: define-deref ( name vocab -- )
-    >r dup CHAR: * prefix r> create
-    swap c-getter 0 prefix define-inline ;
+: define-deref ( name -- )
+    [ CHAR: * prefix "alien.c-types" create ]
+    [ c-getter 0 prefix ] bi
+    define-inline ;
 
-: define-out ( name vocab -- )
-    over [ <c-object> tuck 0 ] over c-setter append swap
-    >r >r constructor-word r> r> prefix define-inline ;
+: define-out ( name -- )
+    [ "alien.c-types" constructor-word ]
+    [ dup c-setter '[ _ <c-object> [ 0 @ ] keep ] ]
+    bi define-inline ;
 
 : c-bool> ( int -- ? )
     zero? not ;
 
-: >c-array ( seq type word -- byte-array )
-    [ [ dup length ] dip <c-array> ] dip
-    [ [ execute ] 2curry each-index ] 2keep drop ; inline
-
-: >c-array-quot ( type vocab -- quot )
-    dupd set-nth-word [ >c-array ] 2curry ;
-
-: to-array-word ( name vocab -- word )
-    >r ">c-" swap "-array" 3append r> create ;
-
-: define-to-array ( type vocab -- )
-    [ to-array-word ] 2keep >c-array-quot
-    (( array -- byte-array )) define-declared ;
-
-: c-array>quot ( type vocab -- quot )
-    [
-        \ swap ,
-        nth-word 1quotation ,
-        [ curry map ] %
-    ] [ ] make ;
-
-: from-array-word ( name vocab -- word )
-    >r "c-" swap "-array>" 3append r> create ;
-
-: define-from-array ( type vocab -- )
-    [ from-array-word ] 2keep c-array>quot
-    (( c-ptr n -- array )) define-declared ;
-
 : define-primitive-type ( type name -- )
-    "alien.c-types"
-    {
-        [ define-c-type ]
-        [ define-deref ]
-        [ define-to-array ]
-        [ define-from-array ]
-        [ define-out ]
-    } 2cleave ;
+    [ typedef ]
+    [ define-deref ]
+    [ define-out ]
+    tri ;
 
 : expand-constants ( c-type -- c-type' )
     dup array? [
-        unclip >r [
-            dup word? [
-                def>> { } swap with-datastack first
-            ] when
-        ] map r> prefix
+        unclip [
+            [
+                dup word? [
+                    def>> { } swap with-datastack first
+                ] when
+            ] map
+        ] dip prefix
     ] when ;
 
 : malloc-file-contents ( path -- alien len )
@@ -304,8 +269,20 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
 : if-void ( type true false -- )
     pick "void" = [ drop nip call ] [ nip call ] if ; inline
 
+: primitive-types
+    {
+        "char" "uchar"
+        "short" "ushort"
+        "int" "uint"
+        "long" "ulong"
+        "longlong" "ulonglong"
+        "float" "double"
+        "void*" "bool"
+    } ;
+
 [
     <c-type>
+        c-ptr >>class
         [ alien-cell ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-cell ] >>setter
         bootstrap-cell >>size
@@ -315,6 +292,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "void*" define-primitive-type
 
     <long-long-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-signed-8 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-signed-8 ] >>setter
         8 >>size
@@ -324,6 +302,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "longlong" define-primitive-type
 
     <long-long-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-unsigned-8 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-unsigned-8 ] >>setter
         8 >>size
@@ -333,6 +312,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "ulonglong" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-signed-cell ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-signed-cell ] >>setter
         bootstrap-cell >>size
@@ -342,6 +322,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "long" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-unsigned-cell ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-unsigned-cell ] >>setter
         bootstrap-cell >>size
@@ -351,6 +332,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "ulong" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-signed-4 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-signed-4 ] >>setter
         4 >>size
@@ -360,6 +342,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "int" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        integer >>class
         [ alien-unsigned-4 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-unsigned-4 ] >>setter
         4 >>size
@@ -369,6 +352,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "uint" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        fixnum >>class
         [ alien-signed-2 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-signed-2 ] >>setter
         2 >>size
@@ -378,6 +362,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "short" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        fixnum >>class
         [ alien-unsigned-2 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-unsigned-2 ] >>setter
         2 >>size
@@ -387,6 +372,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "ushort" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        fixnum >>class
         [ alien-signed-1 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-signed-1 ] >>setter
         1 >>size
@@ -396,6 +382,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "char" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        fixnum >>class
         [ alien-unsigned-1 ] >>getter
         [ set-alien-unsigned-1 ] >>setter
         1 >>size
@@ -414,6 +401,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "bool" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        float >>class
         [ alien-float ] >>getter
         [ [ >float ] 2dip set-alien-float ] >>setter
         4 >>size
@@ -425,6 +413,7 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "float" define-primitive-type
 
     <c-type>
+        float >>class
         [ alien-double ] >>getter
         [ [ >float ] 2dip set-alien-double ] >>setter
         8 >>size
@@ -436,6 +425,6 @@ M: long-long-type box-return ( type -- )
     "double" define-primitive-type
 
     "long" "ptrdiff_t" typedef
-
+    "long" "intptr_t" typedef
     "ulong" "size_t" typedef
 ] with-compilation-unit
diff --git a/basis/alien/parser/parser.factor b/basis/alien/parser/parser.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..193893fabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/alien/parser/parser.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien alien.c-types arrays assocs effects grouping kernel
+parser sequences splitting words fry locals ;
+IN: alien.parser
+
+: parse-arglist ( parameters return -- types effect )
+    [ 2 group unzip [ "," ?tail drop ] map ]
+    [ [ { } ] [ 1array ] if-void ]
+    bi* <effect> ;
+
+: function-quot ( return library function types -- quot )
+    '[ _ _ _ _ alien-invoke ] ;
+
+:: define-function ( return library function parameters -- )
+    function create-in dup reset-generic
+    return library function
+    parameters return parse-arglist [ function-quot ] dip
+    define-declared ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/strings/strings.factor b/basis/alien/strings/strings.factor
index 70bbe773ee..d482634772 100644
--- a/basis/alien/strings/strings.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/strings/strings.factor
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 USING: arrays sequences kernel accessors math alien.accessors
 alien.c-types byte-arrays words io io.encodings
 io.streams.byte-array io.streams.memory io.encodings.utf8
-io.encodings.utf16 system alien strings cpu.architecture ;
+io.encodings.utf16 system alien strings cpu.architecture fry ;
 IN: alien.strings
 
 GENERIC# alien>string 1 ( c-ptr encoding -- string/f )
 
 M: c-ptr alien>string
-    >r <memory-stream> r> <decoder>
+    [ <memory-stream> ] [ <decoder> ] bi*
     "\0" swap stream-read-until drop ;
 
 M: f alien>string
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ PREDICATE: string-type < pair
 
 M: string-type c-type ;
 
+M: string-type c-type-class
+    drop object ;
+
 M: string-type heap-size
     drop "void*" heap-size ;
 
@@ -74,10 +77,10 @@ M: string-type c-type-unboxer
     drop "void*" c-type-unboxer ;
 
 M: string-type c-type-boxer-quot
-    second [ alien>string ] curry [ ] like ;
+    second '[ _ alien>string ] ;
 
 M: string-type c-type-unboxer-quot
-    second [ string>alien ] curry [ ] like ;
+    second '[ _ string>alien ] ;
 
 M: string-type c-type-getter
     drop [ alien-cell ] ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/structs/fields/fields.factor b/basis/alien/structs/fields/fields.factor
index 19e5b8c326..17294aed87 100644
--- a/basis/alien/structs/fields/fields.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/structs/fields/fields.factor
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ PREDICATE: slot-writer < word "writing" word-prop >boolean ;
     writer>> swap "writing" set-word-prop ;
 
 : reader-word ( class name vocab -- word )
-    >r >r "-" r> 3append r> create ;
+    [ "-" swap 3append ] dip create ;
 
 : writer-word ( class name vocab -- word )
-    >r [ swap "set-" % % "-" % % ] "" make r> create ;
+    [ [ swap "set-" % % "-" % % ] "" make ] dip create ;
 
 : <field-spec> ( struct-name vocab type field-name -- spec )
     field-spec new
@@ -52,25 +52,21 @@ PREDICATE: slot-writer < word "writing" word-prop >boolean ;
         [ (>>offset) ] [ type>> heap-size + ] 2bi
     ] reduce ;
 
-: define-struct-slot-word ( spec word quot -- )
-    rot offset>> prefix define-inline ;
+: define-struct-slot-word ( word quot spec -- )
+    offset>> prefix define-inline ;
 
 : define-getter ( type spec -- )
     [ set-reader-props ] keep
-    [ ]
     [ reader>> ]
     [
         type>>
         [ c-getter ] [ c-type-boxer-quot ] bi append
-    ] tri
-    define-struct-slot-word ;
+    ]
+    [ ] tri define-struct-slot-word ;
 
 : define-setter ( type spec -- )
     [ set-writer-props ] keep
-    [ ]
-    [ writer>> ]
-    [ type>> c-setter ] tri
-    define-struct-slot-word ;
+    [ writer>> ] [ type>> c-setter ] [ ] tri define-struct-slot-word ;
 
 : define-field ( type spec -- )
     [ define-getter ] [ define-setter ] 2bi ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/structs/structs-tests.factor b/basis/alien/structs/structs-tests.factor
index 8c7d9f9b29..ec0c01c2e7 100644
--- a/basis/alien/structs/structs-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/structs/structs-tests.factor
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ C-UNION: barx
 [ 120 ] [ "barx" heap-size ] unit-test
 
 "help" vocab [
-    "help" "help" lookup "help" set
+    "print-topic" "help" lookup "help" set
     [ ] [ \ foox-x "help" get execute ] unit-test
     [ ] [ \ set-foox-x "help" get execute ] unit-test
 ] when
diff --git a/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor b/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
index ce30a2ee25..a3c616cda2 100644
--- a/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/structs/structs.factor
@@ -1,58 +1,63 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays generic hashtables kernel kernel.private
-math namespaces parser sequences strings words libc
+math namespaces parser sequences strings words libc fry
 alien.c-types alien.structs.fields cpu.architecture ;
 IN: alien.structs
 
-: if-value-structs? ( ctype true false -- )
-    value-structs?
-    [ drop call ] [ >r 2drop "void*" r> call ] if ; inline
-
 TUPLE: struct-type size align fields ;
 
 M: struct-type heap-size size>> ;
 
+M: struct-type c-type-class drop object ;
+
 M: struct-type c-type-align align>> ;
 
 M: struct-type c-type-stack-align? drop f ;
 
-M: struct-type unbox-parameter
-    [ %unbox-struct ] [ unbox-parameter ] if-value-structs? ;
+: if-value-struct ( ctype true false -- )
+    [ dup value-struct? ] 2dip '[ drop "void*" @ ] if ; inline
 
-M: struct-type unbox-return
-    f swap %unbox-struct ;
+M: struct-type unbox-parameter
+    [ %unbox-large-struct ] [ unbox-parameter ] if-value-struct ;
 
 M: struct-type box-parameter
-    [ %box-struct ] [ box-parameter ] if-value-structs? ;
+    [ %box-large-struct ] [ box-parameter ] if-value-struct ;
+
+: if-small-struct ( c-type true false -- ? )
+    [ dup struct-small-enough? ] 2dip '[ f swap @ ] if ; inline
+
+M: struct-type unbox-return
+    [ %unbox-small-struct ] [ %unbox-large-struct ] if-small-struct ;
 
 M: struct-type box-return
-    f swap %box-struct ;
+    [ %box-small-struct ] [ %box-large-struct ] if-small-struct ;
 
 M: struct-type stack-size
-    [ heap-size ] [ stack-size ] if-value-structs? ;
+    [ heap-size ] [ stack-size ] if-value-struct ;
 
 : c-struct? ( type -- ? ) (c-type) struct-type? ;
 
-: (define-struct) ( name vocab size align fields -- )
-    >r [ align ] keep r>
+: (define-struct) ( name size align fields -- )
+    [ [ align ] keep ] dip
     struct-type boa
-    -rot define-c-type ;
+    swap typedef ;
 
-: define-struct-early ( name vocab fields -- fields )
-    -rot [ rot first2 <field-spec> ] 2curry map ;
+: make-fields ( name vocab fields -- fields )
+    [ first2 <field-spec> ] with with map ;
 
 : compute-struct-align ( types -- n )
     [ c-type-align ] map supremum ;
 
 : define-struct ( name vocab fields -- )
-    pick >r
-    [ struct-offsets ] keep
-    [ [ type>> ] map compute-struct-align ] keep
-    [ (define-struct) ] keep
-    r> [ swap define-field ] curry each ;
+    [
+        [ 2drop ] [ make-fields ] 3bi
+        [ struct-offsets ] keep
+        [ [ type>> ] map compute-struct-align ] keep
+        [ (define-struct) ] keep
+    ] [ 2drop '[ _ swap define-field ] ] 3bi each ;
 
-: define-union ( name vocab members -- )
+: define-union ( name members -- )
     [ expand-constants ] map
     [ [ heap-size ] map supremum ] keep
     compute-struct-align f (define-struct) ;
diff --git a/basis/alien/syntax/syntax-docs.factor b/basis/alien/syntax/syntax-docs.factor
index 37cbd12801..586bb97402 100644
--- a/basis/alien/syntax/syntax-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/syntax/syntax-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 IN: alien.syntax
-USING: alien alien.c-types alien.structs alien.syntax.private
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.parser alien.structs
 help.markup help.syntax ;
 
 HELP: DLL"
@@ -54,12 +54,6 @@ HELP: TYPEDEF:
 { $description "Aliases the C type " { $snippet "old" } " under the name " { $snippet "new" } " if ." }
 { $notes "This word differs from " { $link typedef } " in that it runs at parse time, to ensure correct ordering of operations when loading source files. Words defined in source files are compiled before top-level forms are run, so if a source file defines C binding words and uses " { $link typedef } ", the type alias won't be available at compile time." } ;
 
-HELP: TYPEDEF-IF:
-{ $syntax "TYPEDEF-IF: word old new" }
-{ $values { "word" "a word with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- ? )" } } { "old" "a C type" } { "new" "a C type" } }
-{ $description "Aliases the C type " { $snippet "old" } " under the name " { $snippet "new" } " if " { $snippet "word" } " evaluates to a true value." }
-{ $notes "This word differs from " { $link typedef } " in that it runs at parse time, to ensure correct ordering of operations when loading source files. Words defined in source files are compiled before top-level forms are run, so if a source file defines C binding words and uses " { $link typedef } ", the type alias won't be available at compile time." } ;
-
 HELP: C-STRUCT:
 { $syntax "C-STRUCT: name pairs... ;" }
 { $values { "name" "a new C type name" } { "pairs" "C type / field name string pairs" } }
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ HELP: typedef
 { $description "Alises the C type " { $snippet "old" } " under the name " { $snippet "new" } "." }
 { $notes "Using this word in the same source file which defines C bindings can cause problems, because words are compiled before top-level forms are run. Use the " { $link POSTPONE: TYPEDEF: } " word instead." } ;
 
-{ POSTPONE: TYPEDEF-IF: POSTPONE: TYPEDEF: typedef } related-words
+{ POSTPONE: TYPEDEF: typedef } related-words
 
 HELP: c-struct?
 { $values { "type" "a string" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
diff --git a/basis/alien/syntax/syntax.factor b/basis/alien/syntax/syntax.factor
index 7629897fc0..d10c97cd3d 100644
--- a/basis/alien/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/basis/alien/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -4,35 +4,9 @@ USING: accessors arrays alien alien.c-types alien.structs
 alien.arrays alien.strings kernel math namespaces parser
 sequences words quotations math.parser splitting grouping
 effects prettyprint prettyprint.sections prettyprint.backend
-assocs combinators lexer strings.parser ;
+assocs combinators lexer strings.parser alien.parser ;
 IN: alien.syntax
 
-<PRIVATE
-
-: parse-arglist ( return seq -- types effect )
-    2 group dup keys swap values [ "," ?tail drop ] map
-    rot dup "void" = [ drop { } ] [ 1array ] if <effect> ;
-
-: function-quot ( type lib func types -- quot )
-    [ alien-invoke ] 2curry 2curry ;
-
-: define-function ( return library function parameters -- )
-    >r pick r> parse-arglist
-    pick create-in dup reset-generic
-    >r >r function-quot r> r> 
-    -rot define-declared ;
-
-PRIVATE>
-
-: indirect-quot ( function-ptr-quot return types abi -- quot )
-    [ alien-indirect ] 3curry compose ;
-
-: define-indirect ( abi return function-ptr-quot function-name parameters -- )
-    >r pick r> parse-arglist
-    rot create-in dup reset-generic
-    >r >r swapd roll indirect-quot r> r>
-    -rot define-declared ;
-
 : DLL" lexer get skip-blank parse-string dlopen parsed ; parsing
 
 : ALIEN: scan string>number <alien> parsed ; parsing
@@ -49,22 +23,16 @@ PRIVATE>
 : TYPEDEF:
     scan scan typedef ; parsing
 
-: TYPEDEF-IF:
-    scan-word execute scan scan rot [ typedef ] [ 2drop ] if ; parsing
-
 : C-STRUCT:
-    scan in get
-    parse-definition
-    >r 2dup r> define-struct-early
-    define-struct ; parsing
+    scan in get parse-definition define-struct ; parsing
 
 : C-UNION:
-    scan in get parse-definition define-union ; parsing
+    scan parse-definition define-union ; parsing
 
 : C-ENUM:
     ";" parse-tokens
     dup length
-    [ >r create-in r> 1quotation define ] 2each ;
+    [ [ create-in ] dip 1quotation define ] 2each ;
     parsing
 
 M: alien pprint*
diff --git a/basis/binary-search/binary-search-docs.factor b/basis/binary-search/binary-search-docs.factor
index caabbd7419..cf7915159a 100644
--- a/basis/binary-search/binary-search-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/binary-search/binary-search-docs.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ IN: binary-search
 USING: help.markup help.syntax sequences kernel math.order ;
 
 HELP: search
-{ $values { "seq" "a sorted sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- <=> )" } } { "i" "an index, or " { $link f } } { "elt" "an element, or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a sorted sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- <=> )" } } { "i" "an index, or " { $link f } } { "elt" "an element, or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Performs a binary search on a sequence, calling the quotation to decide whether to end the search (" { $link +eq+ } "), search lower (" { $link +lt+ } ") or search higher (" { $link +gt+ } ")."
 $nl
 "If the sequence is non-empty, outputs the index and value of the closest match, which is either an element for which the quotation output " { $link +eq+ } ", or failing that, least element for which the quotation output " { $link +lt+ } "."
diff --git a/basis/bit-arrays/bit-arrays.factor b/basis/bit-arrays/bit-arrays.factor
index 11601f7b63..4cb2032f4f 100644
--- a/basis/bit-arrays/bit-arrays.factor
+++ b/basis/bit-arrays/bit-arrays.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien.c-types accessors math alien.accessors kernel
 kernel.private locals sequences sequences.private byte-arrays
-parser prettyprint.backend ;
+parser prettyprint.backend fry ;
 IN: bit-arrays
 
 TUPLE: bit-array
@@ -24,9 +24,8 @@ TUPLE: bit-array
 : bits>bytes 7 + n>byte ; inline
 
 : (set-bits) ( bit-array n -- )
-    [ [ length bits>cells ] keep ] dip
-    [ -rot underlying>> set-uint-nth ] 2curry
-    each ; inline
+    [ [ length bits>cells ] keep ] dip swap underlying>>
+    '[ [ _ _ ] dip set-alien-unsigned-4 ] each ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -84,9 +83,9 @@ M: bit-array byte-length length 7 + -3 shift ;
     ] if ;
 
 : bit-array>integer ( bit-array -- n )
-    0 swap underlying>> [ length ] keep [
-        uchar-nth swap 8 shift bitor
-    ] curry each ;
+    0 swap underlying>> dup length [
+        alien-unsigned-1 swap 8 shift bitor
+    ] with each ;
 
 INSTANCE: bit-array sequence
 
diff --git a/basis/bit-vectors/bit-vectors-tests.factor b/basis/bit-vectors/bit-vectors-tests.factor
index dff9a8db37..31327999e7 100644
--- a/basis/bit-vectors/bit-vectors-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/bit-vectors/bit-vectors-tests.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: tools.test bit-vectors vectors sequences kernel math ;
 [ 0 ] [ 123 <bit-vector> length ] unit-test
 
 : do-it
-    1234 swap [ >r even? r> push ] curry each ;
+    1234 swap [ [ even? ] dip push ] curry each ;
 
 [ t ] [
     3 <bit-vector> dup do-it
diff --git a/basis/bootstrap/help/help.factor b/basis/bootstrap/help/help.factor
index e2a2288988..5b49ce2802 100644
--- a/basis/bootstrap/help/help.factor
+++ b/basis/bootstrap/help/help.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: help help.topics help.syntax help.crossref
 help.definitions io io.files kernel namespaces vocabs sequences
-parser vocabs.loader ;
+parser vocabs.loader vocabs.loader.private accessors assocs ;
 IN: bootstrap.help
 
 : load-help ( -- )
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ IN: bootstrap.help
     t load-help? set-global
 
     [ drop ] load-vocab-hook [
-        vocabs
-        [ vocab-docs-loaded? not ] filter
+        dictionary get values
+        [ docs-loaded?>> not ] filter
         [ load-docs ] each
     ] with-variable ;
 
diff --git a/basis/bootstrap/image/download/download.factor b/basis/bootstrap/image/download/download.factor
index 71aa2e8adc..f9b7b56779 100644
--- a/basis/bootstrap/image/download/download.factor
+++ b/basis/bootstrap/image/download/download.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: http.client checksums checksums.openssl splitting assocs
+USING: http.client checksums checksums.md5 splitting assocs
 kernel io.files bootstrap.image sequences io urls ;
 IN: bootstrap.image.download
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.image.download
 : need-new-image? ( image -- ? )
     dup exists?
     [
-        [ openssl-md5 checksum-file hex-string ]
+        [ md5 checksum-file hex-string ]
         [ download-checksums at ]
         bi = not
     ] [ drop t ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/bootstrap/image/image.factor b/basis/bootstrap/image/image.factor
index 8b0051148f..f352a4a254 100644
--- a/basis/bootstrap/image/image.factor
+++ b/basis/bootstrap/image/image.factor
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ SYMBOL: objects
 : put-object ( n obj -- ) (objects) set-at ;
 
 : cache-object ( obj quot -- value )
-    >r (objects) r> [ obj>> ] prepose cache ; inline
+    [ (objects) ] dip [ obj>> ] prepose cache ; inline
 
 ! Constants
 
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ SYMBOL: sub-primitives
     { [ { } make ] [ ] [ ] [ ] } spread 4array ; inline
 
 : jit-define ( quot rc rt offset name -- )
-    >r make-jit r> set ; inline
+    [ make-jit ] dip set ; inline
 
 : define-sub-primitive ( quot rc rt offset word -- )
-    >r make-jit r> sub-primitives get set-at ;
+    [ make-jit ] dip sub-primitives get set-at ;
 
 ! The image being constructed; a vector of word-size integers
 SYMBOL: image
@@ -124,22 +124,29 @@ SYMBOL: jit-primitive-word
 SYMBOL: jit-primitive
 SYMBOL: jit-word-jump
 SYMBOL: jit-word-call
-SYMBOL: jit-push-literal
 SYMBOL: jit-push-immediate
 SYMBOL: jit-if-word
-SYMBOL: jit-if-jump
+SYMBOL: jit-if-1
+SYMBOL: jit-if-2
 SYMBOL: jit-dispatch-word
 SYMBOL: jit-dispatch
+SYMBOL: jit-dip-word
+SYMBOL: jit-dip
+SYMBOL: jit-2dip-word
+SYMBOL: jit-2dip
+SYMBOL: jit-3dip-word
+SYMBOL: jit-3dip
 SYMBOL: jit-epilog
 SYMBOL: jit-return
 SYMBOL: jit-profiling
 SYMBOL: jit-declare-word
+SYMBOL: jit-save-stack
 
 ! Default definition for undefined words
 SYMBOL: undefined-quot
 
-: userenv-offset ( symbol -- n )
-    {
+: userenvs ( -- assoc )
+    H{
         { bootstrap-boot-quot 20 }
         { bootstrap-global 21 }
         { jit-code-format 22 }
@@ -148,9 +155,9 @@ SYMBOL: undefined-quot
         { jit-primitive 25 }
         { jit-word-jump 26 }
         { jit-word-call 27 }
-        { jit-push-literal 28 }
-        { jit-if-word 29 }
-        { jit-if-jump 30 }
+        { jit-if-word 28 }
+        { jit-if-1 29 }
+        { jit-if-2 30 }
         { jit-dispatch-word 31 }
         { jit-dispatch 32 }
         { jit-epilog 33 }
@@ -158,8 +165,18 @@ SYMBOL: undefined-quot
         { jit-profiling 35 }
         { jit-push-immediate 36 }
         { jit-declare-word 42 }
+        { jit-save-stack 43 }
+        { jit-dip-word 44 }
+        { jit-dip 45 }
+        { jit-2dip-word 46 }
+        { jit-2dip 47 }
+        { jit-3dip-word 48 }
+        { jit-3dip 49 }
         { undefined-quot 60 }
-    } at header-size + ;
+    } ; inline
+
+: userenv-offset ( symbol -- n )
+    userenvs at header-size + ;
 
 : emit ( cell -- ) image get push ;
 
@@ -188,7 +205,7 @@ SYMBOL: undefined-quot
 : emit-fixnum ( n -- ) tag-fixnum emit ;
 
 : emit-object ( header tag quot -- addr )
-    swap here-as >r swap tag-fixnum emit call align-here r> ;
+    swap here-as [ swap tag-fixnum emit call align-here ] dip ;
     inline
 
 ! Write an object to the image.
@@ -441,6 +458,9 @@ M: quotation '
     \ dispatch jit-dispatch-word set
     \ do-primitive jit-primitive-word set
     \ declare jit-declare-word set
+    \ dip jit-dip-word set
+    \ 2dip jit-2dip-word set
+    \ 3dip jit-3dip-word set
     [ undefined ] undefined-quot set
     {
         jit-code-format
@@ -449,16 +469,23 @@ M: quotation '
         jit-primitive
         jit-word-jump
         jit-word-call
-        jit-push-literal
         jit-push-immediate
         jit-if-word
-        jit-if-jump
+        jit-if-1
+        jit-if-2
         jit-dispatch-word
         jit-dispatch
+        jit-dip-word
+        jit-dip
+        jit-2dip-word
+        jit-2dip
+        jit-3dip-word
+        jit-3dip
         jit-epilog
         jit-return
         jit-profiling
         jit-declare-word
+        jit-save-stack
         undefined-quot
     } [ emit-userenv ] each ;
 
diff --git a/basis/bootstrap/stage2.factor b/basis/bootstrap/stage2.factor
index 3b6c04329c..4ab36ec94e 100644
--- a/basis/bootstrap/stage2.factor
+++ b/basis/bootstrap/stage2.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ definitions assocs compiler.errors compiler.units
 math.parser generic sets debugger command-line ;
 IN: bootstrap.stage2
 
+SYMBOL: core-bootstrap-time
+
 SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
 
 : default-image-name ( -- string )
@@ -30,11 +32,15 @@ SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
 : count-words ( pred -- )
     all-words swap count number>string write ;
 
-: print-report ( time -- )
+: print-time ( ms -- )
     1000 /i
     60 /mod swap
-    "Bootstrap completed in " write number>string write
-    " minutes and " write number>string write " seconds." print
+    number>string write
+    " minutes and " write number>string write " seconds." print ;
+
+: print-report ( -- )
+    "Core bootstrap completed in " write core-bootstrap-time get print-time
+    "Bootstrap completed in "      write bootstrap-time      get print-time
 
     [ compiled>> ] count-words " compiled words" print
     [ symbol? ] count-words " symbol words" print
@@ -46,22 +52,22 @@ SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
 
 [
     ! We time bootstrap
-    millis >r
+    millis
 
     default-image-name "output-image" set-global
 
     "math compiler threads help io tools ui ui.tools unicode handbook" "include" set-global
     "" "exclude" set-global
 
-    parse-command-line
+    (command-line) parse-command-line
 
-    "-no-crossref" cli-args member? [ do-crossref ] unless
+    do-crossref
 
     ! Set dll paths
     os wince? [ "windows.ce" require ] when
     os winnt? [ "windows.nt" require ] when
 
-    "deploy-vocab" get [
+    "staging" get "deploy-vocab" get or [
         "stage2: deployment mode" print
     ] [
         "listener" require
@@ -71,6 +77,8 @@ SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
     [
         load-components
 
+        millis over - core-bootstrap-time set-global
+
         run-bootstrap-init
     ] with-compiler-errors
     :errors
@@ -84,15 +92,10 @@ SYMBOL: bootstrap-time
         [
             boot
             do-init-hooks
-            [
-                parse-command-line
-                run-user-init
-                "run" get run
-                output-stream get [ stream-flush ] when*
-            ] [ print-error 1 exit ] recover
+            handle-command-line
         ] set-boot-quot
 
-        millis r> - dup bootstrap-time set-global
+        millis swap - bootstrap-time set-global
         print-report
 
         "output-image" get save-image-and-exit
diff --git a/basis/boxes/boxes.factor b/basis/boxes/boxes.factor
index 9e2e8a4673..39f8eb44cc 100644
--- a/basis/boxes/boxes.factor
+++ b/basis/boxes/boxes.factor
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ ERROR: box-empty box ;
     dup occupied>> [ box> t ] [ drop f f ] if ;
 
 : if-box? ( box quot -- )
-    >r ?box r> [ drop ] if ; inline
+    [ ?box ] dip [ drop ] if ; inline
diff --git a/basis/calendar/calendar-docs.factor b/basis/calendar/calendar-docs.factor
index 64c74a494a..748f9d124c 100644
--- a/basis/calendar/calendar-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/calendar/calendar-docs.factor
@@ -99,6 +99,48 @@ HELP: seconds-per-year
 { $values { "integer" integer } }
 { $description "Returns the number of seconds in a year averaged over 400 years. Used internally for adding an arbitrary real number of seconds to a timestamp." } ;
 
+HELP: biweekly
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of two week periods in a year." } ;
+
+HELP: daily-360
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of days in a 360-day year." } ;
+
+HELP: daily-365
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of days in a 365-day year." } ;
+
+HELP: monthly
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of months in a year." } ;
+
+HELP: semimonthly
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of half-months in a year. Note that biweekly has two more periods than semimonthly." } ;
+
+HELP: weekly
+{ $values
+     { "x" number }
+     { "y" number }
+}
+{ $description "Divides a number by the number of weeks in a year." } ;
+
 HELP: julian-day-number
 { $values { "year" integer } { "month" integer } { "day" integer } { "n" integer } }
 { $description "Calculates the Julian day number from a year, month, and day.  The difference between two Julian day numbers is the number of days that have elapsed between the two corresponding dates." }
@@ -365,12 +407,12 @@ HELP: unix-1970
 { $values { "timestamp" timestamp } }
 { $description "Outputs the beginning of UNIX time, or midnight, January 1, 1970." } ;
 
-HELP: millis>timestamp
+HELP: micros>timestamp
 { $values { "x" number } { "timestamp" timestamp } }
-{ $description "Converts a number of milliseconds into a timestamp value in GMT time." }
+{ $description "Converts a number of microseconds into a timestamp value in GMT time." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: accessors calendar prettyprint ;"
-               "1000 millis>timestamp year>> ."
+               "1000 micros>timestamp year>> ."
                "1970"
     }
 } ;
@@ -540,6 +582,8 @@ ARTICLE: "calendar" "Calendar"
 { $subsection "years" }
 { $subsection "months" }
 { $subsection "days" }
+"Calculating amounts per period of time:"
+{ $subsection "time-period-calculations" }
 "Meta-data about the calendar:"
 { $subsection "calendar-facts" }
 ;
@@ -626,6 +670,18 @@ ARTICLE: "calendar-facts" "Calendar facts"
 { $subsection day-of-week }
 ;
 
+ARTICLE: "time-period-calculations" "Calculations over periods of time"
+{ $subsection monthly }
+{ $subsection semimonthly }
+{ $subsection biweekly }
+{ $subsection weekly }
+{ $subsection daily-360 }
+{ $subsection daily-365 }
+{ $subsection biweekly }
+{ $subsection biweekly }
+{ $subsection biweekly }
+;
+
 ARTICLE: "years" "Year operations"
 "Leap year predicate:"
 { $subsection leap-year? }
diff --git a/basis/calendar/calendar-tests.factor b/basis/calendar/calendar-tests.factor
index 995bd23c09..943ba8c3d5 100644
--- a/basis/calendar/calendar-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/calendar/calendar-tests.factor
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ IN: calendar.tests
 [ +gt+ ] [ 2005 1 1 12 30 0 instant <timestamp>
         2004 1 1 13 30 0 instant <timestamp> <=> ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ now timestamp>millis millis - 1000 < ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ 0 millis>timestamp unix-1970 = ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ 123456789000 [ millis>timestamp timestamp>millis ] keep = ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ 123456789123456 [ millis>timestamp timestamp>millis ] keep = ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ now timestamp>micros micros - 1000000 < ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ 0 micros>timestamp unix-1970 = ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ 123456789000000 [ micros>timestamp timestamp>micros ] keep = ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ 123456789123456000 [ micros>timestamp timestamp>micros ] keep = ] unit-test
 
 : checktime+ now dup clone [ rot time+ drop ] keep = ;
 
@@ -167,3 +167,5 @@ IN: calendar.tests
 [ t ] [ now 50 milliseconds sleep now before? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ now 50 milliseconds sleep now swap after? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ now 50 milliseconds sleep now 50 milliseconds sleep now swapd between? ] unit-test
+
+[ 4+1/6 ] [ 100 semimonthly ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/calendar/calendar.factor b/basis/calendar/calendar.factor
index c002760748..e2564b5a28 100644
--- a/basis/calendar/calendar.factor
+++ b/basis/calendar/calendar.factor
@@ -89,6 +89,13 @@ PRIVATE>
 : minutes-per-year ( -- ratio ) 5259492/10 ; inline
 : seconds-per-year ( -- integer ) 31556952 ; inline
 
+: monthly ( x -- y ) 12 / ; inline
+: semimonthly ( x -- y ) 24 / ; inline
+: biweekly ( x -- y ) 26 / ; inline
+: weekly ( x -- y ) 52 / ; inline
+: daily-360 ( x -- y ) 360 / ; inline
+: daily-365 ( x -- y ) 365 / ; inline
+
 :: julian-day-number ( year month day -- n )
     #! Returns a composite date number
     #! Not valid before year -4800
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ M: real +year ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     12 /rem dup zero? [ drop 1- 12 ] when swap ; inline
 
 M: integer +month ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
-    [ over month>> + months/years >r >>month r> +year ] unless-zero ;
+    [ over month>> + months/years [ >>month ] dip +year ] unless-zero ;
 
 M: real +month ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     [ float>whole-part swapd average-month * +day swap +month ] unless-zero ;
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ M: real +month ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
 M: integer +day ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     [
         over >date< julian-day-number + julian-day-number>date
-        >r >r >>year r> >>month r> >>day
+        [ >>year ] [ >>month ] [ >>day ] tri*
     ] unless-zero ;
 
 M: real +day ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
@@ -191,7 +198,7 @@ M: real +day ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     24 /rem swap ;
 
 M: integer +hour ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
-    [ over hour>> + hours/days >r >>hour r> +day ] unless-zero ;
+    [ over hour>> + hours/days [ >>hour ] dip +day ] unless-zero ;
 
 M: real +hour ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     float>whole-part swapd 60 * +minute swap +hour ;
@@ -200,7 +207,7 @@ M: real +hour ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     60 /rem swap ;
 
 M: integer +minute ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
-    [ over minute>> + minutes/hours >r >>minute r> +hour ] unless-zero ;
+    [ over minute>> + minutes/hours [ >>minute ] dip +hour ] unless-zero ;
 
 M: real +minute ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     [ float>whole-part swapd 60 * +second swap +minute ] unless-zero ;
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ M: real +minute ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
     60 /rem swap >integer ;
 
 M: number +second ( timestamp n -- timestamp )
-    [ over second>> + seconds/minutes >r >>second r> +minute ] unless-zero ;
+    [ over second>> + seconds/minutes [ >>second ] dip +minute ] unless-zero ;
 
 : (time+)
     [ second>> +second ] keep
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 GENERIC# time+ 1 ( time1 time2 -- time3 )
 
 M: timestamp time+
-    >r clone r> (time+) drop ;
+    [ clone ] dip (time+) drop ;
 
 M: duration time+
     dup timestamp? [
@@ -284,7 +291,7 @@ M: timestamp <=> ( ts1 ts2 -- n )
 : (time-) ( timestamp timestamp -- n )
     [ >gmt ] bi@
     [ [ >date< julian-day-number ] bi@ - 86400 * ] 2keep
-    [ >time< >r >r 3600 * r> 60 * r> + + ] bi@ - + ;
+    [ >time< [ [ 3600 * ] [ 60 * ] bi* ] dip + + ] bi@ - + ;
 
 M: timestamp time-
     #! Exact calendar-time difference
@@ -320,14 +327,20 @@ M: duration time-
     1970 1 1 0 0 0 instant <timestamp> ;
 
 : millis>timestamp ( x -- timestamp )
-    >r unix-1970 r> milliseconds time+ ;
+    [ unix-1970 ] dip milliseconds time+ ;
 
 : timestamp>millis ( timestamp -- n )
     unix-1970 (time-) 1000 * >integer ;
 
+: micros>timestamp ( x -- timestamp )
+    [ unix-1970 ] dip microseconds time+ ;
+
+: timestamp>micros ( timestamp -- n )
+    unix-1970 (time-) 1000000 * >integer ;
+
 : gmt ( -- timestamp )
     #! GMT time, right now
-    unix-1970 millis milliseconds time+ ;
+    unix-1970 micros microseconds time+ ;
 
 : now ( -- timestamp ) gmt >local-time ;
 : hence ( duration -- timestamp ) now swap time+ ;
@@ -337,10 +350,11 @@ M: duration time-
     #! Zeller Congruence
     #! http://web.textfiles.com/computers/formulas.txt
     #! good for any date since October 15, 1582
-    >r dup 2 <= [ 12 + >r 1- r> ] when
-    >r dup [ 4 /i + ] keep [ 100 /i - ] keep 400 /i + r>
-        [ 1+ 3 * 5 /i + ] keep 2 * + r>
-    1+ + 7 mod ;
+    [
+        dup 2 <= [ [ 1- ] [ 12 + ] bi* ] when
+        [ dup [ 4 /i + ] keep [ 100 /i - ] keep 400 /i + ] dip
+        [ 1+ 3 * 5 /i + ] keep 2 * +
+    ] dip 1+ + 7 mod ;
 
 GENERIC: days-in-year ( obj -- n )
 
@@ -404,7 +418,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 : since-1970 ( duration -- timestamp )
     unix-1970 time+ >local-time ;
 
-M: timestamp sleep-until timestamp>millis sleep-until ;
+M: timestamp sleep-until timestamp>micros sleep-until ;
 
 M: duration sleep hence sleep-until ;
 
diff --git a/basis/calendar/format/format.factor b/basis/calendar/format/format.factor
index b15da42409..8d34e8a3a4 100644
--- a/basis/calendar/format/format.factor
+++ b/basis/calendar/format/format.factor
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ M: timestamp year. ( timestamp -- )
 
 : read-rfc3339-gmt-offset ( ch -- dt )
     dup CHAR: Z = [ drop instant ] [
-        >r
-        read-00 hours
-        read1 { { CHAR: : [ read-00 ] } { f [ 0 ] } } case minutes
-        time+
-        r> signed-gmt-offset
+        [
+            read-00 hours
+            read1 { { CHAR: : [ read-00 ] } { f [ 0 ] } } case minutes
+            time+
+        ] dip signed-gmt-offset
     ] if ;
 
 : read-ymd ( -- y m d )
@@ -152,8 +152,9 @@ M: timestamp year. ( timestamp -- )
     read-00 ":" expect read-00 ":" expect read-00 ;
 
 : read-rfc3339-seconds ( s -- s' ch )
-    "+-Z" read-until >r
-    [ string>number ] [ length 10 swap ^ ] bi / + r> ;
+    "+-Z" read-until [
+        [ string>number ] [ length 10 swap ^ ] bi / +
+    ] dip ;
 
 : (rfc3339>timestamp) ( -- timestamp )
     read-ymd
@@ -181,9 +182,9 @@ ERROR: invalid-timestamp-format ;
 
 : parse-rfc822-gmt-offset ( string -- dt )
     dup "GMT" = [ drop instant ] [
-        unclip >r
-        2 cut [ string>number ] bi@ [ hours ] [ minutes ] bi* time+
-        r> signed-gmt-offset
+        unclip [ 
+            2 cut [ string>number ] bi@ [ hours ] [ minutes ] bi* time+
+        ] dip signed-gmt-offset
     ] if ;
 
 : (rfc822>timestamp) ( -- timestamp )
diff --git a/basis/calendar/model/model.factor b/basis/calendar/model/model.factor
index 60a61c2026..8665cc22ce 100644
--- a/basis/calendar/model/model.factor
+++ b/basis/calendar/model/model.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ SYMBOL: time
 
 : (time-thread) ( -- )
     now time get set-model
-    1000 sleep (time-thread) ;
+    1 seconds sleep (time-thread) ;
 
 : time-thread ( -- )
     [
diff --git a/basis/calendar/windows/tags.txt b/basis/calendar/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 02ec70f741..6bf68304bb
--- a/basis/calendar/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/calendar/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 unportable
-windows
diff --git a/basis/channels/remote/remote.factor b/basis/channels/remote/remote.factor
index 1a7addac12..6e10b23407 100644
--- a/basis/channels/remote/remote.factor
+++ b/basis/channels/remote/remote.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ IN: channels.remote
 PRIVATE>
 
 : publish ( channel -- id )
-    256 random-bits dup >r remote-channels set-at r> ;
+    256 random-bits dup [ remote-channels set-at ] dip ;
 
 : get-channel ( id -- channel )
     remote-channels at ;
diff --git a/basis/checksums/common/common.factor b/basis/checksums/common/common.factor
index 1f25efef24..7d5f34777d 100644
--- a/basis/checksums/common/common.factor
+++ b/basis/checksums/common/common.factor
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ SYMBOL: bytes-read
     ] "" make 64 group ;
 
 : update-old-new ( old new -- )
-    [ get >r get r> ] 2keep >r >r w+ dup r> set r> set ; inline
+    [ [ get ] bi@ w+ dup ] 2keep [ set ] bi@ ; inline
diff --git a/basis/checksums/md5/md5.factor b/basis/checksums/md5/md5.factor
index 6158254f84..257fd930c4 100644
--- a/basis/checksums/md5/md5.factor
+++ b/basis/checksums/md5/md5.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ IN: checksums.md5
 SYMBOLS: a b c d old-a old-b old-c old-d ;
 
 : T ( N -- Y )
-    sin abs 4294967296 * >bignum ; foldable
+    sin abs 4294967296 * >integer ; foldable
 
 : initialize-md5 ( -- )
     0 bytes-read set
diff --git a/basis/checksums/openssl/openssl.factor b/basis/checksums/openssl/openssl.factor
index d42febb541..821cbe2f3a 100644
--- a/basis/checksums/openssl/openssl.factor
+++ b/basis/checksums/openssl/openssl.factor
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ M: evp-md-context dispose
     handle>> EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup drop ;
 
 : with-evp-md-context ( quot -- )
-    maybe-init-ssl >r <evp-md-context> r> with-disposal ; inline
+    maybe-init-ssl [ <evp-md-context> ] dip with-disposal ; inline
 
 : digest-named ( name -- md )
     dup EVP_get_digestbyname
diff --git a/basis/checksums/sha1/sha1.factor b/basis/checksums/sha1/sha1.factor
index bbae421b16..3767af7c55 100644
--- a/basis/checksums/sha1/sha1.factor
+++ b/basis/checksums/sha1/sha1.factor
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ SYMBOLS: h0 h1 h2 h3 h4 A B C D E w K ;
 : sha1-f ( B C D t -- f_tbcd )
     20 /i
     {   
-        { 0 [ >r over bitnot r> bitand >r bitand r> bitor ] }
+        { 0 [ [ over bitnot ] dip bitand [ bitand ] dip bitor ] }
         { 1 [ bitxor bitxor ] }
-        { 2 [ 2dup bitand >r pick bitand >r bitand r> r> bitor bitor ] }
+        { 2 [ 2dup bitand [ pick bitand [ bitand ] dip ] dip bitor bitor ] }
         { 3 [ bitxor bitxor ] }
     } case ;
 
diff --git a/basis/checksums/sha2/sha2.factor b/basis/checksums/sha2/sha2.factor
index 0a6d8c26ab..beb657bd3e 100644
--- a/basis/checksums/sha2/sha2.factor
+++ b/basis/checksums/sha2/sha2.factor
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ SYMBOLS: vars M K H S0 S1 process-M word-size block-size ;
     [ 15 - swap nth s0-256 ] 2keep
     [ 7 - swap nth ] 2keep
     [ 2 - swap nth s1-256 ] 2keep
-    >r >r + + w+ r> r> swap set-nth ; inline
+    [ + + w+ ] 2dip swap set-nth ; inline
 
 : prepare-message-schedule ( seq -- w-seq )
     word-size get group [ be> ] map block-size get 0 pad-right
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ SYMBOLS: vars M K H S0 S1 process-M word-size block-size ;
     [ bitxor bitand ] keep bitxor ;
 
 : maj ( x y z -- x' )
-    >r [ bitand ] 2keep bitor r> bitand bitor ;
+    [ [ bitand ] 2keep bitor ] dip bitand bitor ;
 
 : S0-256 ( x -- x' )
     [ -2 bitroll-32 ] keep
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ SYMBOLS: vars M K H S0 S1 process-M word-size block-size ;
     [ -11 bitroll-32 ] keep
     -25 bitroll-32 bitxor bitxor ; inline
 
-: slice3 ( n seq -- a b c ) >r dup 3 + r> <slice> first3 ; inline
+: slice3 ( n seq -- a b c ) [ dup 3 + ] dip <slice> first3 ; inline
 
 : T1 ( W n -- T1 )
     [ swap nth ] keep
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ SYMBOLS: vars M K H S0 S1 process-M word-size block-size ;
     d c pick exchange
     c b pick exchange
     b a pick exchange
-    >r w+ a r> set-nth ;
+    [ w+ a ] dip set-nth ;
 
 : process-chunk ( M -- )
     H get clone vars set
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ SYMBOLS: vars M K H S0 S1 process-M word-size block-size ;
 
 : preprocess-plaintext ( string big-endian? -- padded-string )
     #! pad 0x80 then 00 til 8 bytes left, then 64bit length in bits
-    >r >sbuf r> over [
+    [ >sbuf ] dip over [
         HEX: 80 ,
         dup length HEX: 3f bitand
         calculate-pad-length 0 <string> %
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/application/application.factor b/basis/cocoa/application/application.factor
index 8f32782d76..c62fab0f15 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/application/application.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/application/application.factor
@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@ FUNCTION: void NSBeep ( ) ;
     dup next-event [ -> sendEvent: t ] [ drop f ] if* ;
 
 : add-observer ( observer selector name object -- )
-    >r >r >r >r NSNotificationCenter -> defaultCenter
-    r> r> sel_registerName
-    r> r> -> addObserver:selector:name:object: ;
+    [
+        [ NSNotificationCenter -> defaultCenter ] 2dip
+        sel_registerName
+    ] 2dip -> addObserver:selector:name:object: ;
 
 : remove-observer ( observer -- )
-    >r NSNotificationCenter -> defaultCenter r>
+    [ NSNotificationCenter -> defaultCenter ] dip
     -> removeObserver: ;
 
 : finish-launching ( -- ) NSApp -> finishLaunching ;
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/dialogs/dialogs.factor b/basis/cocoa/dialogs/dialogs.factor
index 606526a240..2b01c5d751 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/dialogs/dialogs.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/dialogs/dialogs.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel cocoa cocoa.messages cocoa.classes
 cocoa.application sequences splitting core-foundation ;
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ IN: cocoa.dialogs
     [ -> filenames CF>string-array ] [ drop f ] if ;
 
 : split-path ( path -- dir file )
-    "/" last-split1 [ <NSString> ] bi@ ;
+    "/" split1-last [ <NSString> ] bi@ ;
 
 : save-panel ( path -- paths )
-    <NSSavePanel> dup
-    rot split-path -> runModalForDirectory:file: NSOKButton =
+    [ <NSSavePanel> dup ] dip
+    split-path -> runModalForDirectory:file: NSOKButton =
     [ -> filename CF>string ] [ drop f ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/enumeration/enumeration.factor b/basis/cocoa/enumeration/enumeration.factor
index 7de1f24a3c..7f5b777283 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/enumeration/enumeration.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/enumeration/enumeration.factor
@@ -1,26 +1,31 @@
-USING: kernel cocoa cocoa.types alien.c-types locals math sequences
-vectors fry libc ;
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Joe Groff.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel cocoa cocoa.types alien.c-types locals math
+sequences vectors fry libc destructors
+specialized-arrays.direct.alien ;
 IN: cocoa.enumeration
 
 : NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE 16 ; inline
 
-: (with-enumeration-buffers) ( quot -- )
-    "NSFastEnumerationState" heap-size swap '[
-        NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE "id" heap-size * [
-            NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE @
-        ] with-malloc
-    ] with-malloc ; inline
+: with-enumeration-buffers ( quot -- )
+    [
+        [
+            "NSFastEnumerationState" malloc-object &free
+            NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE "id" heap-size * malloc-object &free
+            NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE
+        ] dip call
+    ] with-destructors ; inline
 
 :: (NSFastEnumeration-each) ( object quot: ( elt -- ) state stackbuf count -- )
     object state stackbuf count -> countByEnumeratingWithState:objects:count:
-    dup zero? [ drop ] [
+    dup 0 = [ drop ] [
         state NSFastEnumerationState-itemsPtr [ stackbuf ] unless*
-        '[ _ void*-nth quot call ] each
+        swap <direct-void*-array> quot each
         object quot state stackbuf count (NSFastEnumeration-each)
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : NSFastEnumeration-each ( object quot -- )
-    [ (NSFastEnumeration-each) ] (with-enumeration-buffers) ; inline
+    [ (NSFastEnumeration-each) ] with-enumeration-buffers ; inline
 
 : NSFastEnumeration-map ( object quot -- vector )
     NS-EACH-BUFFER-SIZE <vector>
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/messages/messages-docs.factor b/basis/cocoa/messages/messages-docs.factor
index 9b5e3fdfd9..400599383f 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/messages/messages-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/messages/messages-docs.factor
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ HELP: alien>objc-types
 { objc>alien-types alien>objc-types } related-words
 
 HELP: import-objc-class
-{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "name" string } { "quot" { $quotation "( -- )" } } }
 { $description "If a class named " { $snippet "name" } " is already known to the Objective C interface, does nothing. Otherwise, first calls the quotation. The quotation should make the class available to the Objective C runtime if necessary, either by loading a framework or defining it directly. After the quotation returns, this word makes the class available to Factor programs by importing methods and creating a class word the class object in the " { $vocab-link "cocoa.classes" } " vocabulary." } ;
 
 HELP: root-class
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/messages/messages.factor b/basis/cocoa/messages/messages.factor
index 09b2255913..791674428b 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/messages/messages.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/messages/messages.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ combinators compiler compiler.alien kernel math namespaces make
 parser prettyprint prettyprint.sections quotations sequences
 strings words cocoa.runtime io macros memoize debugger
 io.encodings.ascii effects libc libc.private parser lexer init
-core-foundation fry ;
+core-foundation fry generalizations
+specialized-arrays.direct.alien ;
 IN: cocoa.messages
 
 : make-sender ( method function -- quot )
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ super-message-senders global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
 
 : cache-stub ( method function hash -- )
     [
-        over get [ 2drop ] [ over >r sender-stub r> set ] if
+        over get [ 2drop ] [ over [ sender-stub ] dip set ] if
     ] bind ;
 
 : cache-stubs ( method -- )
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ super-message-senders global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
 
 : <super> ( receiver -- super )
     "objc-super" <c-object> [
-        >r dup object_getClass class_getSuperclass r>
+        [ dup object_getClass class_getSuperclass ] dip
         set-objc-super-class
     ] keep
     [ set-objc-super-receiver ] keep ;
@@ -62,23 +63,18 @@ objc-methods global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
     dup objc-methods get at
     [ ] [ "No such method: " prepend throw ] ?if ;
 
-: make-dip ( quot n -- quot' )
-    dup
-    \ >r <repetition> >quotation -rot
-    \ r> <repetition> >quotation 3append ;
-
 MEMO: make-prepare-send ( selector method super? -- quot )
     [
         [ \ <super> , ] when
         swap <selector> , \ selector ,
     ] [ ] make
-    swap second length 2 - make-dip ;
+    swap second length 2 - '[ _ _ ndip ] ;
 
 MACRO: (send) ( selector super? -- quot )
-    >r dup lookup-method r>
+    [ dup lookup-method ] dip
     [ make-prepare-send ] 2keep
     super-message-senders message-senders ? get at
-    [ slip execute ] 2curry ;
+    '[ _ call _ execute ] ;
 
 : send ( receiver args... selector -- return... ) f (send) ; inline
 
@@ -165,14 +161,14 @@ objc>alien-types get [ swap ] assoc-map
 assoc-union alien>objc-types set-global
 
 : objc-struct-type ( i string -- ctype )
-    2dup CHAR: = -rot index-from swap subseq
+    [ CHAR: = ] 2keep index-from swap subseq
     dup c-types get key? [
         "Warning: no such C type: " write dup print
         drop "void*"
     ] unless ;
 
 : (parse-objc-type) ( i string -- ctype )
-    2dup nth >r >r 1+ r> r> {
+    [ [ 1+ ] dip ] [ nth ] 2bi {
         { [ dup "rnNoORV" member? ] [ drop (parse-objc-type) ] }
         { [ dup CHAR: ^ = ] [ 3drop "void*" ] }
         { [ dup CHAR: { = ] [ drop objc-struct-type ] }
@@ -203,8 +199,11 @@ assoc-union alien>objc-types set-global
     objc-methods get set-at ;
 
 : each-method-in-class ( class quot -- )
-    [ 0 <uint> [ class_copyMethodList ] keep *uint over ] dip
-    '[ _ void*-nth @ ] each (free) ; inline
+    [ 0 <uint> [ class_copyMethodList ] keep *uint ] dip
+    over 0 = [ 3drop ] [
+        [ <direct-void*-array> ] dip
+        [ each ] [ drop underlying>> (free) ] 2bi
+    ] if ; inline
 
 : register-objc-methods ( class -- )
     [ register-objc-method ] each-method-in-class ;
@@ -223,22 +222,23 @@ assoc-union alien>objc-types set-global
 : class-exists? ( string -- class ) objc_getClass >boolean ;
 
 : unless-defined ( class quot -- )
-    >r class-exists? r> unless ; inline
+    [ class-exists? ] dip unless ; inline
 
 : define-objc-class-word ( name quot -- )
     [
         over , , \ unless-defined , dup , \ objc-class ,
-    ] [ ] make >r "cocoa.classes" create r>
+    ] [ ] make [ "cocoa.classes" create ] dip
     (( -- class )) define-declared ;
 
 : import-objc-class ( name quot -- )
     2dup unless-defined
     dupd define-objc-class-word
-    [
+    '[
+        _
         dup
         objc-class register-objc-methods
         objc-meta-class register-objc-methods
-    ] curry try ;
+    ] try ;
 
 : root-class ( class -- root )
     dup class_getSuperclass [ root-class ] [ ] ?if ;
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/pasteboard/pasteboard.factor b/basis/cocoa/pasteboard/pasteboard.factor
index d266c2452f..b530ccbc37 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/pasteboard/pasteboard.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/pasteboard/pasteboard.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.c-types arrays kernel cocoa.messages
-cocoa.classes cocoa.application cocoa core-foundation
-sequences ;
+USING: alien.accessors arrays kernel cocoa.messages
+cocoa.classes cocoa.application cocoa core-foundation sequences
+;
 IN: cocoa.pasteboard
 
 : NSStringPboardType "NSStringPboardType" ;
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ IN: cocoa.pasteboard
 : set-pasteboard-string ( str pasteboard -- )
     NSStringPboardType <NSString>
     dup 1array pick set-pasteboard-types
-    >r swap <NSString> r> -> setString:forType: drop ;
+    [ swap <NSString> ] dip -> setString:forType: drop ;
 
 : pasteboard-error ( error -- f )
     "Pasteboard does not hold a string" <NSString>
-    0 spin set-void*-nth f ;
+    0 set-alien-cell f ;
 
 : ?pasteboard-string ( pboard error -- str/f )
     over pasteboard-string? [
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/subclassing/subclassing.factor b/basis/cocoa/subclassing/subclassing.factor
index fd18c7fa89..40f21d25b8 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/subclassing/subclassing.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/subclassing/subclassing.factor
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ IN: cocoa.subclassing
     ] map concat ;
 
 : prepare-method ( ret types quot -- type imp )
-    >r [ encode-types ] 2keep r> [
+    [ [ encode-types ] 2keep ] dip [
         "cdecl" swap 4array % \ alien-callback ,
     ] [ ] make define-temp ;
 
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/views/views.factor b/basis/cocoa/views/views.factor
index d03688b2be..be67f03184 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/views/views.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/views/views.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.c-types arrays kernel math namespaces make cocoa
-cocoa.messages cocoa.classes cocoa.types sequences
-continuations ;
+USING: specialized-arrays.int arrays kernel math namespaces make
+cocoa cocoa.messages cocoa.classes cocoa.types sequences
+continuations accessors ;
 IN: cocoa.views
 
 : NSOpenGLPFAAllRenderers 1 ;
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ PRIVATE>
             NSOpenGLPFASamples , 8 ,
         ] when
         0 ,
-    ] { } make >c-int-array
+    ] int-array{ } make underlying>>
     -> initWithAttributes:
     -> autorelease ;
 
 : <GLView> ( class dim -- view )
-    >r -> alloc 0 0 r> first2 <NSRect> <PixelFormat>
+    [ -> alloc 0 0 ] dip first2 <NSRect> <PixelFormat>
     -> initWithFrame:pixelFormat:
     dup 1 -> setPostsBoundsChangedNotifications:
     dup 1 -> setPostsFrameChangedNotifications: ;
@@ -85,10 +85,11 @@ PRIVATE>
     swap NSRect-h >fixnum 2array ;
 
 : mouse-location ( view event -- loc )
-    over >r
-    -> locationInWindow f -> convertPoint:fromView:
-    dup NSPoint-x swap NSPoint-y
-    r> -> frame NSRect-h swap - 2array ;
+    [
+        -> locationInWindow f -> convertPoint:fromView:
+        [ NSPoint-x ] [ NSPoint-y ] bi
+    ] [ drop -> frame NSRect-h ] 2bi
+    swap - 2array ;
 
 USE: opengl.gl
 USE: alien.syntax
diff --git a/basis/cocoa/windows/windows.factor b/basis/cocoa/windows/windows.factor
index dd2d1bfd41..3a53a1cc3c 100644
--- a/basis/cocoa/windows/windows.factor
+++ b/basis/cocoa/windows/windows.factor
@@ -34,5 +34,6 @@ IN: cocoa.windows
     dup 0 -> setReleasedWhenClosed: ;
 
 : window-content-rect ( window -- rect )
-    NSWindow over -> frame rot -> styleMask
+    [ NSWindow ] dip
+    [ -> frame ] [ -> styleMask ] bi
     -> contentRectForFrameRect:styleMask: ;
diff --git a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit-docs.factor b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit-docs.factor
index 54fc3aac43..6cd18201fe 100644
--- a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit-docs.factor
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ HELP: 3||
      { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Returns true if any quotation in the sequence returns true. Each quotation takes the same three elements from the datastack and must return a boolean." } ;
 
-HELP: n&&-rewrite
+HELP: n&&
 { $values
      { "quots" "a sequence of quotations" } { "N" integer }
      { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "A macro that reqrites the code to pass " { $snippet "N" } " parameters from the stack to each AND quotation." } ;
+{ $description "A macro that rewrites the code to pass " { $snippet "n" } " parameters from the stack to each AND quotation." } ;
 
-HELP: n||-rewrite
+HELP: n||
 { $values
-     { "quots" "a sequence of quotations" } { "N" integer }
+     { "quots" "a sequence of quotations" } { "n" integer }
      { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "A macro that reqrites the code to pass " { $snippet "N" } " parameters from the stack to each OR quotation." } ;
+{ $description "A macro that rewrites the code to pass " { $snippet "n" } " parameters from the stack to each OR quotation." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "combinators.short-circuit" "Short-circuit combinators"
 "The " { $vocab-link "combinators.short-circuit" } " vocabulary stops a computation early once a condition is met." $nl
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ ARTICLE: "combinators.short-circuit" "Short-circuit combinators"
 { $subsection 2|| }
 { $subsection 3|| }
 "Generalized combinators:"
-{ $subsection n&&-rewrite }
-{ $subsection n||-rewrite }
+{ $subsection n&& }
+{ $subsection n|| }
 ;
 
 ABOUT: "combinators.short-circuit"
diff --git a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit.factor b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit.factor
index 7b6c1d126d..d8bab4dd34 100644
--- a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit.factor
+++ b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/short-circuit.factor
@@ -1,35 +1,33 @@
-
 USING: kernel combinators quotations arrays sequences assocs
-       locals generalizations macros fry ;
-
+locals generalizations macros fry ;
 IN: combinators.short-circuit
 
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+MACRO:: n&& ( quots n -- quot )
+    [ f ] quots [| q |
+        n
+        [ q '[ drop _ ndup @ dup not ] ]
+        [ '[ drop _ ndrop f ] ]
+        bi 2array
+    ] map
+    n '[ _ nnip ] suffix 1array
+    [ cond ] 3append ;
 
-:: n&&-rewrite ( quots N -- quot )
-   quots
-     [ '[ drop N ndup @ dup not ] [ drop N ndrop f ] 2array ]
-   map
-   [ t ] [ N nnip ] 2array suffix
-   '[ f _ cond ] ;
+MACRO: 0&& ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 0 n&& ] ;
+MACRO: 1&& ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 1 n&& ] ;
+MACRO: 2&& ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 2 n&& ] ;
+MACRO: 3&& ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 3 n&& ] ;
 
-MACRO: 0&& ( quots -- quot ) 0 n&&-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 1&& ( quots -- quot ) 1 n&&-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 2&& ( quots -- quot ) 2 n&&-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 3&& ( quots -- quot ) 3 n&&-rewrite ;
+MACRO:: n|| ( quots n -- quot )
+    [ f ] quots [| q |
+        n
+        [ q '[ drop _ ndup @ dup ] ]
+        [ '[ _ nnip ] ]
+        bi 2array
+    ] map
+    n '[ drop _ ndrop t ] [ f ] 2array suffix 1array
+    [ cond ] 3append ;
 
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-:: n||-rewrite ( quots N -- quot )
-   quots
-     [ '[ drop N ndup @ dup ] [ N nnip ] 2array ]
-   map
-   [ drop N ndrop t ] [ f ] 2array suffix
-   '[ f _ cond ] ;
-
-MACRO: 0|| ( quots -- quot ) 0 n||-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 1|| ( quots -- quot ) 1 n||-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 2|| ( quots -- quot ) 2 n||-rewrite ;
-MACRO: 3|| ( quots -- quot ) 3 n||-rewrite ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+MACRO: 0|| ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 0 n|| ] ;
+MACRO: 1|| ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 1 n|| ] ;
+MACRO: 2|| ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 2 n|| ] ;
+MACRO: 3|| ( quots -- quot ) '[ _ 3 n|| ] ;
diff --git a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/smart/smart.factor b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/smart/smart.factor
index ca659cacbe..b80e7294d1 100644
--- a/basis/combinators/short-circuit/smart/smart.factor
+++ b/basis/combinators/short-circuit/smart/smart.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-
 USING: kernel sequences math stack-checker effects accessors macros
-       combinators.short-circuit ;
-
+fry combinators.short-circuit ;
 IN: combinators.short-circuit.smart
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -13,6 +11,6 @@ IN: combinators.short-circuit.smart
 
 PRIVATE>
 
-MACRO: && ( quots -- quot ) dup arity n&&-rewrite ;
+MACRO: && ( quots -- quot ) dup arity '[ _ _ n&& ] ;
 
-MACRO: || ( quots -- quot ) dup arity n||-rewrite ;
+MACRO: || ( quots -- quot ) dup arity '[ _ _ n|| ] ;
diff --git a/basis/command-line/command-line-docs.factor b/basis/command-line/command-line-docs.factor
index d1b18ab5da..3d06bd97b7 100644
--- a/basis/command-line/command-line-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/command-line/command-line-docs.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax parser vocabs.loader strings ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax parser vocabs.loader strings
+command-line.private ;
 IN: command-line
 
 HELP: run-bootstrap-init
-{ $description "Runs the " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " file in the user's home directory unless the " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch was given." } ;
+{ $description "Runs the bootstrap initialization file in the user's home directory, unless the " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch was given. This file is named " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " on Unix and " { $snippet "factor-boot-rc" } " on Windows." } ;
 
 HELP: run-user-init
-{ $description "Runs the " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " file in the user's home directory unless the " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch was given." } ;
+{ $description "Runs the startup initialization file in the user's home directory, unless the " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch was given. This file is named " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " on Unix and " { $snippet "factor-rc" } " on Windows." } ;
 
-HELP: cli-param
+HELP: load-vocab-roots
+{ $description "Loads the newline-separated list of additional vocabulary roots from the file named " { $snippet ".factor-roots" } " on Unix and " { $snippet "factor-roots" } " on Windows." } ;
+
+HELP: param
 { $values { "param" string } }
 { $description "Process a command-line switch."
 $nl
@@ -17,10 +21,13 @@ $nl
 $nl
 "Otherwise, sets the global variable named by the parameter to " { $link t } "." } ;
 
-HELP: cli-args
+HELP: (command-line)
 { $values { "args" "a sequence of strings" } }
 { $description "Outputs the command line parameters which were passed to the Factor VM on startup." } ;
 
+HELP: command-line
+{ $var-description "The command line parameters which follow the name of the script on the command line." } ;
+
 HELP: main-vocab-hook
 { $var-description "Global variable holding a quotation which outputs a vocabulary name. UI backends set this so that the UI can automatically start if the prerequisites are met (for example, " { $snippet "$DISPLAY" } " being set on X11)." } ;
 
@@ -35,9 +42,6 @@ HELP: ignore-cli-args?
 { $values { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "On Mac OS X, source files to run are supplied by the Cocoa API, so to avoid running them twice the startup code has to call this word." } ;
 
-HELP: parse-command-line
-{ $description "Called on startup to process command line arguments. This sets global variables with " { $link cli-param } ", runs source files, and evaluates the string given by the " { $snippet "-e" } " switch, if there is one." } ;
-
 ARTICLE: "runtime-cli-args" "Command line switches for the VM"
 "A handful of command line switches are processed by the VM and not the library. They control low-level features."
 { $table
@@ -57,16 +61,19 @@ ARTICLE: "bootstrap-cli-args" "Command line switches for bootstrap"
 "A number of command line switches can be passed to a bootstrap image to modify the behavior of the resulting image:"
 { $table
     { { $snippet "-output-image=" { $emphasis "image" } } { "Save the result to " { $snippet "image" } ". The default is " { $snippet "factor.image" } "." } }
-    { { $snippet "-no-user-init" } { "Inhibits the running of the " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " file in the user's home directory." } }
+    { { $snippet "-no-user-init" } { "Inhibits the running of user initialization files on startup. See " { $link "rc-files" } "." } }
     { { $snippet "-include=" { $emphasis "components..." } } "A list of components to include (see below)." }
     { { $snippet "-exclude=" { $emphasis "components..." } } "A list of components to exclude." }
     { { $snippet "-ui-backend=" { $emphasis "backend" } } { "One of " { $snippet "x11" } ", " { $snippet "windows" } ", or " { $snippet "cocoa" } ". The default is platform-specific." } }
 }
 "Bootstrap can load various optional components:"
 { $table
+    { { $snippet "math" } "Rational and complex number support." }
+    { { $snippet "threads" } "Thread support." }
     { { $snippet "compiler" } "The compiler." }
     { { $snippet "tools" } "Terminal-based developer tools." }
     { { $snippet "help" } "The help system." }
+    { { $snippet "help.handbook" } "The help handbook." }
     { { $snippet "ui" } "The graphical user interface." }
     { { $snippet "ui.tools" } "Graphical developer tools." }
     { { $snippet "io" } "Non-blocking I/O and networking." }
@@ -74,9 +81,9 @@ ARTICLE: "bootstrap-cli-args" "Command line switches for bootstrap"
 "By default, all optional components are loaded. To load all optional components except for a given list, use the " { $snippet "-exclude=" } " switch; to only load specified optional components, use the " { $snippet "-include=" } "."
 $nl
 "For example, to build an image with the compiler but no other components, you could do:"
-{ $code "./factor -i=boot.ppc.image -include=compiler" }
+{ $code "./factor -i=boot.macosx-ppc.image -include=compiler" }
 "To build an image with everything except for the user interface and graphical tools,"
-{ $code "./factor -i=boot.ppc.image -exclude=\"ui ui.tools\"" }
+{ $code "./factor -i=boot.macosx-ppc.image -exclude=\"ui ui.tools\"" }
 "To generate a bootstrap image in the first place, see " { $link "bootstrap.image" } "." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "standard-cli-args" "Command line switches for general usage"
@@ -84,20 +91,60 @@ ARTICLE: "standard-cli-args" "Command line switches for general usage"
 { $table
     { { $snippet "-e=" { $emphasis "code" } } { "This specifies a code snippet to evaluate. If you want Factor to exit immediately after, also specify " { $snippet "-run=none" } "." } }
     { { $snippet "-run=" { $emphasis "vocab" } } { { $snippet { $emphasis "vocab" } } " is the name of a vocabulary with a " { $link POSTPONE: MAIN: } " hook to run on startup, for example " { $vocab-link "listener" } ", " { $vocab-link "ui" } " or " { $vocab-link "none" } "." } }
-    { { $snippet "-no-user-init" } { "Inhibits the running of the " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " file in the user's home directory on startup." } }
+    { { $snippet "-no-user-init" } { "Inhibits the running of user initialization files on startup. See " { $link "rc-files" } "." } }
     { { $snippet "-quiet" } { "If set, " { $link run-file } " and " { $link require } " will not print load messages." } }
-    { { $snippet "-script" } { "Equivalent to " { $snippet "-quiet -run=none" } "." $nl "On Unix systems, Factor can be used for scripting - just create an executable text file whose first line is:" { $code "#! /usr/local/bin/factor -script" } "The space after " { $snippet "#!" } " is necessary because of Factor syntax." } }
 } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "rc-files" "Running code on startup"
-"Unless the " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch is specified, The startup routine runs the " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " file in the user's home directory, if it exists. This file can contain initialization and customization for your development environment."
+ARTICLE: "factor-boot-rc" "Bootstrap initialization file"
+"The botstrap initialization file is named " { $snippet "factor-boot-rc" } " on Windows and " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " on Unix. This file can contain " { $link require } " calls for vocabularies you use frequently, and other such long-running tasks that you do not want to perform every time Factor starts."
 $nl
-"The " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " and " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " files can be run explicitly:"
-{ $subsection run-user-init }
-{ $subsection run-bootstrap-init } ;
+"A word to run this file from an existing Factor session:"
+{ $subsection run-bootstrap-init }
+"For example, if you changed " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " and do not want to bootstrap again, you can just invoke " { $link run-bootstrap-init } " in the listener." ;
 
-ARTICLE: "cli" "Command line usage"
-"Zero or more command line arguments may be passed to the Factor runtime. Command line arguments starting with a dash (" { $snippet "-" } ") is interpreted as switches. All other arguments are taken to be file names to be run by " { $link run-file } "."
+ARTICLE: "factor-rc" "Startup initialization file"
+"The startup initialization file is named " { $snippet "factor-rc" } " on Windows and " { $snippet ".factor-rc" } " on Unix. If it exists, it is run every time Factor starts."
+$nl
+"A word to run this file from an existing Factor session:"
+{ $subsection run-user-init } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "factor-roots" "Additional vocabulary roots file"
+"The vocabulary roots file is named " { $snippet "factor-roots" } " on Windows and " { $snippet ".factor-roots" } " on Unix. If it exists, it is loaded every time Factor starts. It contains a newline-separated list of " { $link "vocabs.roots" } "."
+$nl
+"A word to run this file from an existing Factor session:"
+{ $subsection load-vocab-roots } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "rc-files" "Running code on startup"
+"Factor looks for three optional files in your home directory."
+{ $subsection "factor-boot-rc" }
+{ $subsection "factor-rc" }
+{ $subsection "factor-roots" }
+"The " { $snippet "-no-user-init" } " command line switch will inhibit loading running of these files."
+$nl
+"If you are unsure where the files should be located, evaluate the following code:"
+{ $code
+    "USE: command-line"
+    "\"factor-rc\" rc-path print"
+    "\"factor-boot-rc\" rc-path print"
+}
+"Here is an example " { $snippet ".factor-boot-rc" } " which sets up GVIM editor integration, adds an additional vocabulary root (see " { $link "vocabs.roots" } "), and increases the font size in the UI by setting the DPI (dots-per-inch) variable:"
+{ $code
+    "USING: editors.gvim vocabs.loader ui.freetype namespaces sequences ;"
+    "\"/opt/local/bin\" \\ gvim-path set-global"
+    "\"/home/jane/src/\" vocab-roots get push"
+    "100 dpi set-global"
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "cli" "Command line arguments"
+"Factor command line usage:"
+{ $code "factor [system switches...] [script args...]" }
+"Zero or more system switches can be passed in, followed by an optional script file name. If the script file is specified, it will be run on startup, any arguments after the script file are stored in a variable, with no further processing by Factor itself:"
+{ $subsection command-line }
+"Instead of running a script, it is also possible to run a vocabulary; this invokes the vocabulary's " { $link POSTPONE: MAIN: } " word:"
+{ $code "factor [system switches...] -run=<vocab name>" }
+"If no script file or " { $snippet "-run=" } " switch is specified, Factor will start " { $link "listener" } " or " { $link "ui-tools" } ", depending on the operating system."
+$nl
+"As stated above, arguments in the first part of the command line, before the optional script name, are interpreted by to the Factor system. These arguments all start with a dash (" { $snippet "-" } ")."
 $nl
 "Switches can take one of the following three forms:"
 { $list
@@ -108,9 +155,9 @@ $nl
 { $subsection "runtime-cli-args" }
 { $subsection "bootstrap-cli-args" }
 { $subsection "standard-cli-args" }
-"The list of command line arguments can be obtained and inspected directly:"
-{ $subsection cli-args }
-"There is a way to override the default vocabulary to run on startup:"
+"The raw list of command line arguments can also be obtained and inspected directly:"
+{ $subsection (command-line) }
+"There is a way to override the default vocabulary to run on startup, if no script name or " { $snippet "-run" } " switch is specified:"
 { $subsection main-vocab-hook } ;
 
 ABOUT: "cli"
diff --git a/basis/command-line/command-line-tests.factor b/basis/command-line/command-line-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 226765bafe..0000000000
--- a/basis/command-line/command-line-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-USING: namespaces tools.test kernel command-line ;
-IN: command-line.tests
-
-[
-    [ f ] [ "-no-user-init" cli-arg ] unit-test
-    [ f ] [ "user-init" get ] unit-test
-
-    [ f ] [ "-user-init" cli-arg ] unit-test
-    [ t ] [ "user-init" get ] unit-test
-    
-    [ "sdl.factor" ] [ "sdl.factor" cli-arg ] unit-test
-] with-scope
diff --git a/basis/command-line/command-line.factor b/basis/command-line/command-line.factor
index 37dbf9b7a6..1b58053b64 100644
--- a/basis/command-line/command-line.factor
+++ b/basis/command-line/command-line.factor
@@ -1,31 +1,56 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2003, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: init continuations debugger hashtables io kernel
-kernel.private namespaces parser sequences strings system
-splitting io.files eval ;
+USING: init continuations debugger hashtables io
+io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel kernel.private namespaces
+parser sequences strings system splitting eval vocabs.loader ;
 IN: command-line
 
+SYMBOL: script
+SYMBOL: command-line
+
+: (command-line) ( -- args ) 10 getenv sift ;
+
+: rc-path ( name -- path )
+    os windows? [ "." prepend ] unless
+    home prepend-path ;
+
 : run-bootstrap-init ( -- )
     "user-init" get [
-        home ".factor-boot-rc" append-path ?run-file
+        "factor-boot-rc" rc-path ?run-file
     ] when ;
 
 : run-user-init ( -- )
     "user-init" get [
-        home ".factor-rc" append-path ?run-file
+        "factor-rc" rc-path ?run-file
     ] when ;
 
-: cli-var-param ( name value -- ) swap set-global ;
+: load-vocab-roots ( -- )
+    "user-init" get [
+        "factor-roots" rc-path dup exists? [
+            utf8 file-lines [ add-vocab-root ] each
+        ] [ drop ] if
+    ] when ;
 
-: cli-bool-param ( name -- ) "no-" ?head not cli-var-param ;
+<PRIVATE
 
-: cli-param ( param -- )
-    "=" split1 [ cli-var-param ] [ cli-bool-param ] if* ;
+: var-param ( name value -- ) swap set-global ;
 
-: cli-arg ( argument -- argument )
-    "-" ?head [ cli-param f ] when ;
+: bool-param ( name -- ) "no-" ?head not var-param ;
 
-: cli-args ( -- args ) 10 getenv ;
+: param ( param -- )
+    "=" split1 [ var-param ] [ bool-param ] if* ;
+
+: run-script ( file -- )
+    t "quiet" set-global run-file ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: parse-command-line ( args -- )
+    [ command-line off script off ] [
+        unclip "-" ?head
+        [ param parse-command-line ]
+        [ script set command-line set ] if
+    ] if-empty ;
 
 SYMBOL: main-vocab-hook
 
@@ -49,14 +74,17 @@ SYMBOL: main-vocab-hook
 : ignore-cli-args? ( -- ? )
     os macosx? "run" get "ui" = and ;
 
-: script-mode ( -- )
-    t "quiet" set-global
-    "none" "run" set-global ;
+: script-mode ( -- ) ;
 
-: parse-command-line ( -- )
-    cli-args [ cli-arg ] filter
-    "script" get [ script-mode ] when
-    ignore-cli-args? [ drop ] [ [ run-file ] each ] if
-    "e" get [ eval ] when* ;
+: handle-command-line ( -- )
+    [
+        (command-line) parse-command-line
+        load-vocab-roots
+        run-user-init
+        "e" get [ eval ] when*
+        ignore-cli-args? not script get and
+        [ run-script ] [ "run" get run ] if*
+        output-stream get [ stream-flush ] when*
+    ] [ print-error 1 exit ] recover ;
 
 [ default-cli-args ] "command-line" add-init-hook
diff --git a/basis/compiler/alien/alien.factor b/basis/compiler/alien/alien.factor
index e414d6e29b..4a41014ab2 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/alien/alien.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/alien/alien.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ IN: compiler.alien
     dup c-type-stack-align? [ c-type-align ] [ drop cell ] if ;
 
 : parameter-align ( n type -- n delta )
-    over >r c-type-stack-align align dup r> - ;
+    [ c-type-stack-align align dup ] [ drop ] 2bi - ;
 
 : parameter-sizes ( types -- total offsets )
     #! Compute stack frame locations.
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/builder/builder.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/builder/builder.factor
index 17a5942af2..9ffe4a6aa0 100755
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/builder/builder.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/builder/builder.factor
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.builder
 
 ! Convert tree SSA IR to CFG SSA IR.
 
-: stop-iterating ( -- next ) end-basic-block f ;
-
 SYMBOL: procedures
 SYMBOL: current-word
 SYMBOL: current-label
@@ -190,7 +188,7 @@ M: #if emit-node
 
 : emit-dispatch ( node -- )
     ##epilogue
-    ds-pop ^^offset>slot i ##dispatch
+    ds-pop ^^offset>slot i 0 ##dispatch
     dispatch-branches ;
 
 : <dispatch-block> ( -- word )
@@ -211,7 +209,7 @@ M: #dispatch emit-node
 ! #call
 M: #call emit-node
     dup word>> dup "intrinsic" word-prop
-    [ emit-intrinsic iterate-next ] [ nip emit-call ] if ;
+    [ emit-intrinsic ] [ nip emit-call ] if ;
 
 ! #call-recursive
 M: #call-recursive emit-node label>> id>> emit-call ;
@@ -221,21 +219,14 @@ M: #push emit-node
     literal>> ^^load-literal ds-push iterate-next ;
 
 ! #shuffle
-: emit-shuffle ( effect -- )
-    [ out>> ] [ in>> dup length ds-load zip ] bi
-    '[ _ at ] map ds-store ;
-
 M: #shuffle emit-node
-    shuffle-effect emit-shuffle iterate-next ;
-
-M: #>r emit-node
-    [ in-d>> length ] [ out-r>> empty? ] bi
-    [ neg ##inc-d ] [ ds-load rs-store ] if
-    iterate-next ;
-
-M: #r> emit-node
-    [ in-r>> length ] [ out-d>> empty? ] bi
-    [ neg ##inc-r ] [ rs-load ds-store ] if
+    dup
+    H{ } clone
+    [ [ in-d>> [ length ds-load ] keep ] dip '[ _ set-at ] 2each ]
+    [ [ in-r>> [ length rs-load ] keep ] dip '[ _ set-at ] 2each ]
+    [ nip ] 2tri
+    [ [ [ out-d>> ] [ mapping>> ] bi ] dip '[ _ at _ at ] map ds-store ]
+    [ [ [ out-r>> ] [ mapping>> ] bi ] dip '[ _ at _ at ] map rs-store ] 2bi
     iterate-next ;
 
 ! #return
@@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ M: #terminate emit-node drop stop-iterating ;
 
 : emit-alien-node ( node quot -- next )
     [ params>> ] dip [ drop alien-stack-frame ] [ call ] 2bi
-    begin-basic-block iterate-next ; inline
+    ##branch begin-basic-block iterate-next ; inline
 
 M: #alien-invoke emit-node
     [ ##alien-invoke ] emit-alien-node ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/def-use/def-use.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/def-use/def-use.factor
index 7553407e00..3825ae480e 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/def-use/def-use.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/def-use/def-use.factor
@@ -12,9 +12,14 @@ M: ##write-barrier defs-vregs [ card#>> ] [ table>> ] bi 2array ;
 M: ##unary/temp defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
 M: ##allot defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
 M: ##dispatch defs-vregs temp>> 1array ;
-M: ##slot defs-vregs [ dst>> ] [ temp>> ] bi 2array ;
+M: ##slot defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
 M: ##set-slot defs-vregs temp>> 1array ;
-M: ##string-nth defs-vregs [ dst>> ] [ temp>> ] bi 2array ;
+M: ##string-nth defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
+M: ##compare defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
+M: ##compare-imm defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
+M: ##compare-float defs-vregs dst/tmp-vregs ;
+M: ##fixnum-mul defs-vregs [ temp1>> ] [ temp2>> ] bi 2array ;
+M: ##fixnum-mul-tail defs-vregs [ temp1>> ] [ temp2>> ] bi 2array ;
 M: insn defs-vregs drop f ;
 
 M: ##unary uses-vregs src>> 1array ;
@@ -31,6 +36,7 @@ M: ##compare-imm-branch uses-vregs src1>> 1array ;
 M: ##dispatch uses-vregs src>> 1array ;
 M: ##alien-getter uses-vregs src>> 1array ;
 M: ##alien-setter uses-vregs [ src>> ] [ value>> ] bi 2array ;
+M: ##fixnum-overflow uses-vregs [ src1>> ] [ src2>> ] bi 2array ;
 M: _conditional-branch uses-vregs [ src1>> ] [ src2>> ] bi 2array ;
 M: _compare-imm-branch uses-vregs src1>> 1array ;
 M: insn uses-vregs drop f ;
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@ UNION: vreg-insn
 ##write-barrier
 ##dispatch
 ##effect
+##fixnum-overflow
 ##conditional-branch
 ##compare-imm-branch
 _conditional-branch
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
index e6e05abbd5..4b98ccb0ae 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/hats/hats.factor
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.hats
 : ^^alien-cell ( src -- dst ) ^^i1 ##alien-cell ; inline
 : ^^alien-float ( src -- dst ) ^^d1 ##alien-float ; inline
 : ^^alien-double ( src -- dst ) ^^d1 ##alien-double ; inline
-: ^^compare ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 ##compare ; inline
-: ^^compare-imm ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 ##compare-imm ; inline
-: ^^compare-float ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 ##compare-float ; inline
+: ^^compare ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 i ##compare ; inline
+: ^^compare-imm ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 i ##compare-imm ; inline
+: ^^compare-float ( src1 src2 cc -- dst ) ^^i3 i ##compare-float ; inline
 : ^^offset>slot ( vreg -- vreg' ) cell 4 = [ 1 ^^shr-imm ] when ; inline
 : ^^tag-fixnum ( src -- dst ) ^^i1 ##tag-fixnum ; inline
 : ^^untag-fixnum ( src -- dst ) ^^i1 ##untag-fixnum ; inline
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
index c39f517671..62d4990c92 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/instructions/instructions.factor
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ INSN: ##jump word ;
 INSN: ##return ;
 
 ! Jump tables
-INSN: ##dispatch src temp ;
+INSN: ##dispatch src temp offset ;
 INSN: ##dispatch-label label ;
 
 ! Slot access
@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ INSN: ##shr-imm < ##binary-imm ;
 INSN: ##sar-imm < ##binary-imm ;
 INSN: ##not < ##unary ;
 
+! Overflowing arithmetic
+TUPLE: ##fixnum-overflow < insn src1 src2 ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-add < ##fixnum-overflow ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-add-tail < ##fixnum-overflow ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-sub < ##fixnum-overflow ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-sub-tail < ##fixnum-overflow ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-mul < ##fixnum-overflow temp1 temp2 ;
+INSN: ##fixnum-mul-tail < ##fixnum-overflow temp1 temp2 ;
+
 : ##tag-fixnum ( dst src -- ) tag-bits get ##shl-imm ; inline
 : ##untag-fixnum ( dst src -- ) tag-bits get ##sar-imm ; inline
 
@@ -198,11 +207,11 @@ TUPLE: ##conditional-branch < insn { src1 vreg } { src2 vreg } cc ;
 INSN: ##compare-branch < ##conditional-branch ;
 INSN: ##compare-imm-branch { src1 vreg } { src2 integer } cc ;
 
-INSN: ##compare < ##binary cc ;
-INSN: ##compare-imm < ##binary-imm cc ;
+INSN: ##compare < ##binary cc temp ;
+INSN: ##compare-imm < ##binary-imm cc temp ;
 
 INSN: ##compare-float-branch < ##conditional-branch ;
-INSN: ##compare-float < ##binary cc ;
+INSN: ##compare-float < ##binary cc temp ;
 
 ! Instructions used by machine IR only.
 INSN: _prologue stack-frame ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/fixnum/fixnum.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/fixnum/fixnum.factor
index 04c9097725..68ee7489f8 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/fixnum/fixnum.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/fixnum/fixnum.factor
@@ -3,10 +3,22 @@
 USING: sequences accessors layouts kernel math namespaces
 combinators fry locals
 compiler.tree.propagation.info
-compiler.cfg.stacks compiler.cfg.hats compiler.cfg.instructions
-compiler.cfg.utilities ;
+compiler.cfg.hats
+compiler.cfg.stacks
+compiler.cfg.iterator
+compiler.cfg.instructions
+compiler.cfg.utilities
+compiler.cfg.registers ;
 IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics.fixnum
 
+: emit-both-fixnums? ( -- )
+    D 0 ^^peek
+    D 1 ^^peek
+    ^^or
+    tag-mask get ^^and-imm
+    0 cc= ^^compare-imm
+    ds-push ;
+
 : (emit-fixnum-imm-op) ( infos insn -- dst )
     ds-drop
     [ ds-pop ]
@@ -64,3 +76,16 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics.fixnum
 
 : emit-fixnum>bignum ( -- )
     ds-pop ^^untag-fixnum ^^integer>bignum ds-push ;
+
+: emit-fixnum-overflow-op ( quot quot-tail -- next )
+    [ 2inputs 1 ##inc-d ] 2dip
+    tail-call? [
+        ##epilogue
+        nip call
+        stop-iterating
+    ] [
+        drop call
+        ##branch
+        begin-basic-block
+        iterate-next
+    ] if ; inline
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
index ef1cde337a..aaa45c3937 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/intrinsics/intrinsics.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ compiler.cfg.intrinsics.alien
 compiler.cfg.intrinsics.allot
 compiler.cfg.intrinsics.fixnum
 compiler.cfg.intrinsics.float
-compiler.cfg.intrinsics.slots ;
+compiler.cfg.intrinsics.slots
+compiler.cfg.iterator ;
 QUALIFIED: kernel
 QUALIFIED: arrays
 QUALIFIED: byte-arrays
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics
 
 {
     kernel.private:tag
+    math.private:both-fixnums?
+    math.private:fixnum+
+    math.private:fixnum-
+    math.private:fixnum*
     math.private:fixnum+fast
     math.private:fixnum-fast
     math.private:fixnum-bitand
@@ -85,60 +90,64 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.intrinsics
         alien.accessors:set-alien-double
     } [ t "intrinsic" set-word-prop ] each ;
 
-: emit-intrinsic ( node word -- )
+: emit-intrinsic ( node word -- node/f )
     {
-        { \ kernel.private:tag [ drop emit-tag ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum+fast [ [ ^^add ] [ ^^add-imm ] emit-fixnum-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-fast [ [ ^^sub ] [ ^^sub-imm ] emit-fixnum-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitand [ [ ^^and ] [ ^^and-imm ] emit-fixnum-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitor [ [ ^^or ] [ ^^or-imm ] emit-fixnum-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitxor [ [ ^^xor ] [ ^^xor-imm ] emit-fixnum-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-shift-fast [ emit-fixnum-shift-fast ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitnot [ drop emit-fixnum-bitnot ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum*fast [ emit-fixnum*fast ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum< [ cc< emit-fixnum-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum<= [ cc<= emit-fixnum-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum>= [ cc>= emit-fixnum-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum> [ cc> emit-fixnum-comparison ] }
-        { \ kernel:eq? [ cc= emit-fixnum-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:bignum>fixnum [ drop emit-bignum>fixnum ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum>bignum [ drop emit-fixnum>bignum ] }
-        { \ math.private:float+ [ drop [ ^^add-float ] emit-float-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:float- [ drop [ ^^sub-float ] emit-float-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:float* [ drop [ ^^mul-float ] emit-float-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:float/f [ drop [ ^^div-float ] emit-float-op ] }
-        { \ math.private:float< [ drop cc< emit-float-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:float<= [ drop cc<= emit-float-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:float>= [ drop cc>= emit-float-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:float> [ drop cc> emit-float-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:float= [ drop cc= emit-float-comparison ] }
-        { \ math.private:float>fixnum [ drop emit-float>fixnum ] }
-        { \ math.private:fixnum>float [ drop emit-fixnum>float ] }
-        { \ slots.private:slot [ emit-slot ] }
-        { \ slots.private:set-slot [ emit-set-slot ] }
-        { \ strings.private:string-nth [ drop emit-string-nth ] }
-        { \ classes.tuple.private:<tuple-boa> [ emit-<tuple-boa> ] }
-        { \ arrays:<array> [ emit-<array> ] }
-        { \ byte-arrays:<byte-array> [ emit-<byte-array> ] }
-        { \ math.private:<complex> [ emit-simple-allot ] }
-        { \ math.private:<ratio> [ emit-simple-allot ] }
-        { \ kernel:<wrapper> [ emit-simple-allot ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-1 [ 1 emit-alien-unsigned-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-1 [ 1 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-1 [ 1 emit-alien-signed-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-1 [ 1 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-2 [ 2 emit-alien-unsigned-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-2 [ 2 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-2 [ 2 emit-alien-signed-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-2 [ 2 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-4 [ 4 emit-alien-unsigned-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-4 [ 4 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-4 [ 4 emit-alien-signed-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-4 [ 4 emit-alien-integer-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-cell [ emit-alien-cell-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-cell [ emit-alien-cell-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-float [ single-float-regs emit-alien-float-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-float [ single-float-regs emit-alien-float-setter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:alien-double [ double-float-regs emit-alien-float-getter ] }
-        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-double [ double-float-regs emit-alien-float-setter ] }
+        { \ kernel.private:tag [ drop emit-tag iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:both-fixnums? [ drop emit-both-fixnums? iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum+ [ drop [ ##fixnum-add ] [ ##fixnum-add-tail ] emit-fixnum-overflow-op ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum- [ drop [ ##fixnum-sub ] [ ##fixnum-sub-tail ] emit-fixnum-overflow-op ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum* [ drop [ i i ##fixnum-mul ] [ i i ##fixnum-mul-tail ] emit-fixnum-overflow-op ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum+fast [ [ ^^add ] [ ^^add-imm ] emit-fixnum-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-fast [ [ ^^sub ] [ ^^sub-imm ] emit-fixnum-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitand [ [ ^^and ] [ ^^and-imm ] emit-fixnum-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitor [ [ ^^or ] [ ^^or-imm ] emit-fixnum-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitxor [ [ ^^xor ] [ ^^xor-imm ] emit-fixnum-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-shift-fast [ emit-fixnum-shift-fast iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum-bitnot [ drop emit-fixnum-bitnot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum*fast [ emit-fixnum*fast iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum< [ cc< emit-fixnum-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum<= [ cc<= emit-fixnum-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum>= [ cc>= emit-fixnum-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum> [ cc> emit-fixnum-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ kernel:eq? [ cc= emit-fixnum-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:bignum>fixnum [ drop emit-bignum>fixnum iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum>bignum [ drop emit-fixnum>bignum iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float+ [ drop [ ^^add-float ] emit-float-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float- [ drop [ ^^sub-float ] emit-float-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float* [ drop [ ^^mul-float ] emit-float-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float/f [ drop [ ^^div-float ] emit-float-op iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float< [ drop cc< emit-float-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float<= [ drop cc<= emit-float-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float>= [ drop cc>= emit-float-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float> [ drop cc> emit-float-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float= [ drop cc= emit-float-comparison iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:float>fixnum [ drop emit-float>fixnum iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:fixnum>float [ drop emit-fixnum>float iterate-next ] }
+        { \ slots.private:slot [ emit-slot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ slots.private:set-slot [ emit-set-slot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ strings.private:string-nth [ drop emit-string-nth iterate-next ] }
+        { \ classes.tuple.private:<tuple-boa> [ emit-<tuple-boa> iterate-next ] }
+        { \ arrays:<array> [ emit-<array> iterate-next ] }
+        { \ byte-arrays:<byte-array> [ emit-<byte-array> iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:<complex> [ emit-simple-allot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ math.private:<ratio> [ emit-simple-allot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ kernel:<wrapper> [ emit-simple-allot iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-1 [ 1 emit-alien-unsigned-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-1 [ 1 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-1 [ 1 emit-alien-signed-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-1 [ 1 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-2 [ 2 emit-alien-unsigned-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-2 [ 2 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-2 [ 2 emit-alien-signed-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-2 [ 2 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-unsigned-4 [ 4 emit-alien-unsigned-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-unsigned-4 [ 4 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-signed-4 [ 4 emit-alien-signed-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-signed-4 [ 4 emit-alien-integer-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-cell [ emit-alien-cell-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-cell [ emit-alien-cell-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-float [ single-float-regs emit-alien-float-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-float [ single-float-regs emit-alien-float-setter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:alien-double [ double-float-regs emit-alien-float-getter iterate-next ] }
+        { \ alien.accessors:set-alien-double [ double-float-regs emit-alien-float-setter iterate-next ] }
     } case ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/linearization/linearization.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/linearization/linearization.factor
index d397c9d448..7433df9617 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/linearization/linearization.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/linearization/linearization.factor
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ M: ##branch linearize-insn
 
 : binary-conditional ( basic-block insn -- basic-block successor label2 src1 src2 cc )
     [ (binary-conditional) ]
-    [ drop dup successors>> first useless-branch? ] 2bi
-    [ [ number>> ] 3dip negate-cc ] [ [ swap number>> ] 3dip ] if ;
+    [ drop dup successors>> second useless-branch? ] 2bi
+    [ [ swap number>> ] 3dip ] [ [ number>> ] 3dip negate-cc ] if ;
 
 M: ##compare-branch linearize-insn
     binary-conditional _compare-branch emit-branch ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/rpo/rpo.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/rpo/rpo.factor
index 7f4b09e68f..158903b4bf 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/rpo/rpo.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/rpo/rpo.factor
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ SYMBOL: visited
 : post-order-traversal ( bb -- )
     dup id>> visited get key? [ drop ] [
         dup id>> visited get conjoin
-        [ successors>> [ post-order-traversal ] each ] [ , ] bi
+        [
+            successors>> <reversed>
+            [ post-order-traversal ] each
+        ] [ , ] bi
     ] if ;
 
 : post-order ( bb -- blocks )
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/stack-frame/stack-frame.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/stack-frame/stack-frame.factor
index ec9ffaba49..d545b6d15c 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/stack-frame/stack-frame.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/stack-frame/stack-frame.factor
@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ M: insn compute-stack-frame*
 
 \ _gc t frame-required? set-word-prop
 \ _spill t frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-add t frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-sub t frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-mul t frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-add-tail f frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-sub-tail f frame-required? set-word-prop
+\ ##fixnum-mul-tail f frame-required? set-word-prop
 
 : compute-stack-frame ( insns -- )
     frame-required? off
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/stacks/stacks.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/stacks/stacks.factor
index f138f673e0..c8fcae87c0 100755
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/stacks/stacks.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/stacks/stacks.factor
@@ -15,16 +15,28 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.stacks
     1 ##inc-d D 0 ##replace ;
 
 : ds-load ( n -- vregs )
-    [ <reversed> [ <ds-loc> ^^peek ] map ] [ neg ##inc-d ] bi ;
+    dup 0 =
+    [ drop f ]
+    [ [ <reversed> [ <ds-loc> ^^peek ] map ] [ neg ##inc-d ] bi ] if ;
 
 : ds-store ( vregs -- )
-    <reversed> [ length ##inc-d ] [ [ <ds-loc> ##replace ] each-index ] bi ;
+    [
+        <reversed>
+        [ length ##inc-d ]
+        [ [ <ds-loc> ##replace ] each-index ] bi
+    ] unless-empty ;
 
 : rs-load ( n -- vregs )
-    [ <reversed> [ <rs-loc> ^^peek ] map ] [ neg ##inc-r ] bi ;
+    dup 0 =
+    [ drop f ]
+    [ [ <reversed> [ <rs-loc> ^^peek ] map ] [ neg ##inc-r ] bi ] if ;
 
 : rs-store ( vregs -- )
-    <reversed> [ length ##inc-r ] [ [ <rs-loc> ##replace ] each-index ] bi ;
+    [
+        <reversed>
+        [ length ##inc-r ]
+        [ [ <rs-loc> ##replace ] each-index ] bi
+    ] unless-empty ;
 
 : 2inputs ( -- vreg1 vreg2 )
     D 1 ^^peek D 0 ^^peek -2 ##inc-d ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/utilities/utilities.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/utilities/utilities.factor
index cef14d06e4..99a138a763 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/utilities/utilities.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/utilities/utilities.factor
@@ -33,5 +33,7 @@ IN: compiler.cfg.utilities
     building off
     basic-block off ;
 
+: stop-iterating ( -- next ) end-basic-block f ;
+
 : emit-primitive ( node -- )
     word>> ##call ##branch begin-basic-block ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/propagate/propagate.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/propagate/propagate.factor
index a3c9725838..d5c9830c0b 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/propagate/propagate.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/propagate/propagate.factor
@@ -62,4 +62,8 @@ M: ##compare-imm-branch propagate
 M: ##dispatch propagate
     [ resolve ] change-src ;
 
+M: ##fixnum-overflow propagate
+    [ resolve ] change-src1
+    [ resolve ] change-src2 ;
+
 M: insn propagate ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/rewrite/rewrite.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/rewrite/rewrite.factor
index 94c3f0d6f9..990543ed7a 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/rewrite/rewrite.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/rewrite/rewrite.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences layouts accessors combinators namespaces
-math
+math fry
+compiler.cfg.hats
 compiler.cfg.instructions
 compiler.cfg.value-numbering.graph
 compiler.cfg.value-numbering.simplify
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ M: ##compare-imm-branch rewrite-tagged-comparison
 
 M: ##compare-imm rewrite-tagged-comparison
     [ dst>> ] [ (rewrite-tagged-comparison) ] bi
-    f \ ##compare-imm boa ;
+    i f \ ##compare-imm boa ;
 
 M: ##compare-imm-branch rewrite
     dup rewrite-boolean-comparison? [ rewrite-boolean-comparison ] when
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ M: ##compare-imm-branch rewrite
     [ dst>> ]
     [ src2>> ]
     [ src1>> vreg>vn vn>constant ] tri
-    cc= f \ ##compare-imm boa ;
+    cc= f i \ ##compare-imm boa ;
 
 M: ##compare rewrite
     dup flip-comparison? [
@@ -95,9 +96,9 @@ M: ##compare rewrite
 
 : rewrite-redundant-comparison ( insn -- insn' )
     [ cc>> ] [ dst>> ] [ src1>> vreg>expr dup op>> ] tri {
-        { \ ##compare [ >compare-expr< f \ ##compare boa ] }
-        { \ ##compare-imm [ >compare-imm-expr< f \ ##compare-imm boa ] }
-        { \ ##compare-float [ >compare-expr< f \ ##compare-float boa ] }
+        { \ ##compare [ >compare-expr< i f \ ##compare boa ] }
+        { \ ##compare-imm [ >compare-imm-expr< i f \ ##compare-imm boa ] }
+        { \ ##compare-float [ >compare-expr< i f \ ##compare-float boa ] }
     } case
     swap cc= eq? [ [ negate-cc ] change-cc ] when ;
 
@@ -113,4 +114,18 @@ M: ##compare-imm rewrite
         ] when
     ] when ;
 
+: dispatch-offset ( expr -- n )
+    [ in2>> vn>constant tag-bits get neg shift ] [ op>> ] bi
+    \ ##sub-imm eq? [ neg ] when ;
+
+: add-dispatch-offset? ( insn -- expr ? )
+    src>> vreg>expr dup op>> { ##add-imm ##sub-imm } memq? ; inline
+
+M: ##dispatch rewrite
+    dup add-dispatch-offset? [
+        [ clone ] dip
+        [ in1>> vn>vreg >>src ]
+        [ dispatch-offset '[ _ + ] change-offset ] bi
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
 M: insn rewrite ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/value-numbering-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/value-numbering-tests.factor
index d3be68c3c9..8adeaa21f4 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/value-numbering-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/cfg/value-numbering/value-numbering-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
 IN: compiler.cfg.value-numbering.tests
 USING: compiler.cfg.value-numbering compiler.cfg.instructions
-compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
+compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math
+combinators.short-circuit accessors sequences ;
+
+: trim-temps ( insns -- insns )
+    [
+        dup {
+            [ ##compare? ]
+            [ ##compare-imm? ]
+            [ ##compare-float? ]
+        } 1|| [ f >>temp ] when
+    ] map ;
+
 [
     {
         T{ ##peek f V int-regs 45 D 1 }
@@ -34,7 +45,7 @@ compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
 [ t ] [
     {
         T{ ##peek f V int-regs 1 D 0 }
-        T{ ##dispatch f V int-regs 1 V int-regs 2 }
+        T{ ##dispatch f V int-regs 1 V int-regs 2 0 }
     } dup value-numbering =
 ] unit-test
 
@@ -82,7 +93,7 @@ compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
         T{ ##compare f V int-regs 4 V int-regs 2 V int-regs 1 cc> }
         T{ ##compare-imm f V int-regs 6 V int-regs 4 7 cc/= }
         T{ ##replace f V int-regs 6 D 0 }
-    } value-numbering
+    } value-numbering trim-temps
 ] unit-test
 
 [
@@ -100,7 +111,7 @@ compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
         T{ ##compare f V int-regs 4 V int-regs 2 V int-regs 1 cc<= }
         T{ ##compare-imm f V int-regs 6 V int-regs 4 7 cc= }
         T{ ##replace f V int-regs 6 D 0 }
-    } value-numbering
+    } value-numbering trim-temps
 ] unit-test
 
 [
@@ -122,7 +133,7 @@ compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
         T{ ##compare-float f V int-regs 12 V double-float-regs 10 V double-float-regs 11 cc< }
         T{ ##compare-imm f V int-regs 14 V int-regs 12 7 cc= }
         T{ ##replace f V int-regs 14 D 0 }
-    } value-numbering
+    } value-numbering trim-temps
 ] unit-test
 
 [
@@ -138,5 +149,5 @@ compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture tools.test kernel math ;
         T{ ##peek f V int-regs 30 D -2 }
         T{ ##compare f V int-regs 33 V int-regs 29 V int-regs 30 cc<= }
         T{ ##compare-imm-branch f V int-regs 33 7 cc/= }
-    } value-numbering
+    } value-numbering trim-temps
 ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor b/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
index 35d4d59253..2161c8b091 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/codegen/codegen.factor
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ M: ##return generate-insn drop %return ;
 M: ##dispatch-label generate-insn label>> %dispatch-label ;
 
 M: ##dispatch generate-insn
-    [ src>> register ] [ temp>> register ] bi %dispatch ;
+    [ src>> register ] [ temp>> register ] [ offset>> ] tri %dispatch ;
 
 : >slot<
     {
@@ -156,6 +156,19 @@ M: ##shr-imm generate-insn dst/src1/src2 %shr-imm ;
 M: ##sar-imm generate-insn dst/src1/src2 %sar-imm ;
 M: ##not     generate-insn dst/src       %not     ;
 
+: src1/src2 ( insn -- src1 src2 )
+    [ src1>> register ] [ src2>> register ] bi ; inline
+
+: src1/src2/temp1/temp2 ( insn -- src1 src2 temp1 temp2 )
+    [ src1/src2 ] [ temp1>> register ] [ temp2>> register ] tri ; inline
+
+M: ##fixnum-add generate-insn src1/src2 %fixnum-add ;
+M: ##fixnum-add-tail generate-insn src1/src2 %fixnum-add-tail ;
+M: ##fixnum-sub generate-insn src1/src2 %fixnum-sub ;
+M: ##fixnum-sub-tail generate-insn src1/src2 %fixnum-sub-tail ;
+M: ##fixnum-mul generate-insn src1/src2/temp1/temp2 %fixnum-mul ;
+M: ##fixnum-mul-tail generate-insn src1/src2/temp1/temp2 %fixnum-mul-tail ;
+
 : dst/src/temp ( insn -- dst src temp )
     [ dst/src ] [ temp>> register ] bi ; inline
 
@@ -235,7 +248,7 @@ M: float-regs reg-class-variable drop float-regs ;
 GENERIC: inc-reg-class ( register-class -- )
 
 : ?dummy-stack-params ( reg-class -- )
-    dummy-stack-params? [ reg-size stack-params +@ ] [ drop ] if ;
+    dummy-stack-params? [ reg-size cell align stack-params +@ ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : ?dummy-int-params ( reg-class -- )
     dummy-int-params? [ reg-size cell /i 1 max int-regs +@ ] [ drop ] if ;
@@ -264,7 +277,7 @@ M: object reg-class-full?
 
 : spill-param ( reg-class -- n reg-class )
     stack-params get
-    >r reg-size stack-params +@ r>
+    [ reg-size cell align stack-params +@ ] dip
     stack-params ;
 
 : fastcall-param ( reg-class -- n reg-class )
@@ -300,10 +313,10 @@ M: long-long-type flatten-value-type ( type -- types )
     ] { } make ;
 
 : each-parameter ( parameters quot -- )
-    >r [ parameter-sizes nip ] keep r> 2each ; inline
+    [ [ parameter-sizes nip ] keep ] dip 2each ; inline
 
 : reverse-each-parameter ( parameters quot -- )
-    >r [ parameter-sizes nip ] keep r> 2reverse-each ; inline
+    [ [ parameter-sizes nip ] keep ] dip 2reverse-each ; inline
 
 : reset-freg-counts ( -- )
     { int-regs float-regs stack-params } [ 0 swap set ] each ;
@@ -316,15 +329,13 @@ M: long-long-type flatten-value-type ( type -- types )
     #! Moves values from C stack to registers (if word is
     #! %load-param-reg) and registers to C stack (if word is
     #! %save-param-reg).
-    >r
-    alien-parameters
-    flatten-value-types
-    r> '[ alloc-parameter _ execute ] each-parameter ;
-    inline
+    [ alien-parameters flatten-value-types ]
+    [ '[ alloc-parameter _ execute ] ]
+    bi* each-parameter ; inline
 
 : unbox-parameters ( offset node -- )
     parameters>> [
-        %prepare-unbox >r over + r> unbox-parameter
+        %prepare-unbox [ over + ] dip unbox-parameter
     ] reverse-each-parameter drop ;
 
 : prepare-box-struct ( node -- offset )
@@ -491,9 +502,10 @@ M: _label generate-insn
 M: _branch generate-insn
     label>> lookup-label %jump-label ;
 
-: >compare< ( insn -- label cc src1 src2 )
+: >compare< ( insn -- dst temp cc src1 src2 )
     {
         [ dst>> register ]
+        [ temp>> register ]
         [ cc>> ]
         [ src1>> register ]
         [ src2>> ?register ]
diff --git a/basis/compiler/codegen/fixup/fixup.factor b/basis/compiler/codegen/fixup/fixup.factor
index fe270f4410..0302218652 100755
--- a/basis/compiler/codegen/fixup/fixup.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/codegen/fixup/fixup.factor
@@ -46,34 +46,33 @@ M: integer fixup* , ;
 : indq ( elt seq -- n ) [ eq? ] with find drop ;
 
 : adjoin* ( obj table -- n )
-    2dup indq [ 2nip ] [ dup length >r push r> ] if* ;
+    2dup indq [ 2nip ] [ dup length [ push ] dip ] if* ;
 
 SYMBOL: literal-table
 
 : add-literal ( obj -- n ) literal-table get adjoin* ;
 
 : add-dlsym-literals ( symbol dll -- )
-    >r string>symbol r> 2array literal-table get push-all ;
+    [ string>symbol ] dip 2array literal-table get push-all ;
 
 : rel-dlsym ( name dll class -- )
-    >r literal-table get length >r
-    add-dlsym-literals
-    r> r> rt-dlsym rel-fixup ;
+    [ literal-table get length [ add-dlsym-literals ] dip ] dip
+    rt-dlsym rel-fixup ;
 
 : rel-word ( word class -- )
-    >r add-literal r> rt-xt rel-fixup ;
+    [ add-literal ] dip rt-xt rel-fixup ;
 
 : rel-primitive ( word class -- )
-    >r def>> first r> rt-primitive rel-fixup ;
+    [ def>> first ] dip rt-primitive rel-fixup ;
 
-: rel-literal ( literal class -- )
-    >r add-literal r> rt-literal rel-fixup ;
+: rel-immediate ( literal class -- )
+    [ add-literal ] dip rt-immediate rel-fixup ;
 
 : rel-this ( class -- )
     0 swap rt-label rel-fixup ;
 
-: rel-here ( class -- )
-    0 swap rt-here rel-fixup ;
+: rel-here ( offset class -- )
+    rt-here rel-fixup ;
 
 : init-fixup ( -- )
     BV{ } clone relocation-table set
diff --git a/basis/compiler/compiler-docs.factor b/basis/compiler/compiler-docs.factor
index 6cb860d33f..512d26f4bf 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/compiler-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/compiler-docs.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ HELP: enable-compiler
 { $description "Enables the optimizing compiler." } ;
 
 HELP: disable-compiler
-{ $description "Enables the optimizing compiler." } ;
+{ $description "Disable the optimizing compiler." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "compiler-usage" "Calling the optimizing compiler"
 "Normally, new word definitions are recompiled automatically. This can be changed:"
diff --git a/basis/compiler/compiler.factor b/basis/compiler/compiler.factor
index b01a835b4a..e5cbd888d9 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/compiler.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/compiler.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors kernel namespaces arrays sequences io debugger
-words fry continuations vocabs assocs dlists definitions math
-threads graphs generic combinators deques search-deques
+words fry continuations vocabs assocs dlists definitions
+math threads graphs generic combinators deques search-deques
 prettyprint io stack-checker stack-checker.state
 stack-checker.inlining compiler.errors compiler.units
 compiler.tree.builder compiler.tree.optimizer
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ t compile-dependencies? set-global
     [
         dup crossref?
         [
-            dependencies get >alist
-            generic-dependencies get >alist
+            dependencies get
+            generic-dependencies get
             compiled-xref
         ] [ drop ] if
     ] tri ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/constants/constants.factor b/basis/compiler/constants/constants.factor
index cd68602768..48ea958818 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/constants/constants.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/constants/constants.factor
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ IN: compiler.constants
 : rc-indirect-arm-pc  8 ; inline
 
 ! Relocation types
-: rt-primitive 0 ; inline
-: rt-dlsym     1 ; inline
-: rt-literal   2 ; inline
-: rt-dispatch  3 ; inline
-: rt-xt        4 ; inline
-: rt-here      5 ; inline
-: rt-label     6 ; inline
-: rt-immediate 7 ; inline
+: rt-primitive   0 ; inline
+: rt-dlsym       1 ; inline
+: rt-dispatch    2 ; inline
+: rt-xt          3 ; inline
+: rt-here        4 ; inline
+: rt-label       5 ; inline
+: rt-immediate   6 ; inline
+: rt-stack-chain 7 ; inline
 
 : rc-absolute? ( n -- ? )
     [ rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 = ]
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/alien.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/alien.factor
index d7e82402d5..230a7bf542 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/alien.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/alien.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ USING: alien alien.c-types alien.syntax compiler kernel
 namespaces namespaces tools.test sequences stack-checker
 stack-checker.errors words arrays parser quotations
 continuations effects namespaces.private io io.streams.string
-memory system threads tools.test math accessors combinators ;
+memory system threads tools.test math accessors combinators
+specialized-arrays.float ;
 
 FUNCTION: void ffi_test_0 ;
 [ ] [ ffi_test_0 ] unit-test
@@ -146,13 +147,21 @@ FUNCTION: void ffi_test_20 double x1, double x2, double x3,
 
 ! Make sure XT doesn't get clobbered in stack frame
 
-: ffi_test_31 ( a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ptr -- result y )
-    "void"
+: ffi_test_31 ( a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a -- result y )
+    "int"
     f "ffi_test_31"
     { "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" "int" }
     alien-invoke gc 3 ;
 
-[ 3 ] [ 42 [ ] each ffi_test_31 ] unit-test
+[ 861 3 ] [ 42 [ ] each ffi_test_31 ] unit-test
+
+: ffi_test_31_point_5 ( a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a -- result )
+    "float"
+    f "ffi_test_31_point_5"
+    { "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" "float" }
+    alien-invoke ;
+
+[ 861.0 ] [ 42 [ >float ] each ffi_test_31_point_5 ] unit-test
 
 FUNCTION: longlong ffi_test_21 long x long y ;
 
@@ -188,7 +197,11 @@ FUNCTION: int ffi_test_12 int a int b rect c int d int e int f ;
 
 FUNCTION: float ffi_test_23 ( float[3] x, float[3] y ) ;
 
-[ 32.0 ] [ { 1.0 2.0 3.0 } >c-float-array { 4.0 5.0 6.0 } >c-float-array ffi_test_23 ] unit-test
+[ 32.0 ] [
+    { 1.0 2.0 3.0 } >float-array underlying>>
+    { 4.0 5.0 6.0 } >float-array underlying>>
+    ffi_test_23
+] unit-test
 
 ! Test odd-size structs
 C-STRUCT: test-struct-1 { { "char" 1 } "x" } ;
@@ -353,7 +366,7 @@ FUNCTION: ulonglong ffi_test_38 ( ulonglong x, ulonglong y ) ;
 [ 1 2 3 ] [ callback-6 callback_test_1 1 2 3 ] unit-test
 
 : callback-7 ( -- callback )
-    "void" { } "cdecl" [ 1000 sleep ] alien-callback ;
+    "void" { } "cdecl" [ 1000000 sleep ] alien-callback ;
 
 [ 1 2 3 ] [ callback-7 callback_test_1 1 2 3 ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/templates.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/codegen.factor
similarity index 81%
rename from basis/compiler/tests/templates.factor
rename to basis/compiler/tests/codegen.factor
index 0a109a15eb..e743c8484b 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/templates.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/codegen.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ kernel.private math hashtables.private math.private namespaces
 sequences sequences.private tools.test namespaces.private
 slots.private sequences.private byte-arrays alien
 alien.accessors layouts words definitions compiler.units io
-combinators vectors float-arrays ;
+combinators vectors grouping make ;
 IN: compiler.tests
 
 ! Originally, this file did black box testing of templating
@@ -230,3 +230,49 @@ TUPLE: id obj ;
     10000000 [ "hi" 0 (gc-check-bug) drop ] times ;
 
 [ ] [ gc-check-bug ] unit-test
+
+! New optimization
+: test-1 ( a -- b ) 8 fixnum-fast { [ "a" ] [ "b" ] } dispatch ;
+
+[ "a" ] [ 8 test-1 ] unit-test
+[ "b" ] [ 9 test-1 ] unit-test
+
+: test-2 ( a -- b ) 1 fixnum-fast { [ "a" ] [ "b" ] } dispatch ;
+
+[ "a" ] [ 1 test-2 ] unit-test
+[ "b" ] [ 2 test-2 ] unit-test
+
+! I accidentally fixnum/i-fast on PowerPC
+[ { { 1 2 } { 3 4 } } ] [
+    { 1 2 3 4 }
+    [
+        [ { array } declare 2 <groups> [ , ] each ] compile-call
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ 2 ] [
+    { 1 2 3 4 }
+    [ { array } declare 2 <groups> length ] compile-call
+] unit-test
+
+! Oops with new intrinsics
+: fixnum-overflow-control-flow-test ( a b -- c )
+    [ 1 fixnum- ] [ 2 fixnum- ] if 3 fixnum+fast ;
+
+[ 3 ] [ 1 t fixnum-overflow-control-flow-test ] unit-test
+[ 2 ] [ 1 f fixnum-overflow-control-flow-test ] unit-test
+
+! LOL
+: blah ( a -- b )
+    { float } declare dup 0 =
+    [ drop 1 ] [
+        dup 0 >=
+        [ 2 "double" "libm" "pow" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ]
+        [ -0.5 "double" "libm" "pow" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ]
+        if
+    ] if ;
+
+[ 4.0 ] [ 2.0 blah ] unit-test
+
+[ 4 ] [ 2 [ dup fixnum* ] compile-call ] unit-test
+[ 7 ] [ 2 [ dup fixnum* 3 fixnum+fast ] compile-call ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
index c90a31fc61..df5f484952 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/intrinsics.factor
@@ -160,6 +160,11 @@ IN: compiler.tests
 [ -2 ] [ 4 [ -2 fixnum/i ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ 3 1 ] [ 10 3 [ fixnum/mod ] compile-call ] unit-test
 
+[ 2 ] [ 4 2 [ fixnum/i-fast ] compile-call ] unit-test
+[ 2 ] [ 4 [ 2 fixnum/i-fast ] compile-call ] unit-test
+[ -2 ] [ 4 [ -2 fixnum/i-fast ] compile-call ] unit-test
+[ 3 1 ] [ 10 3 [ fixnum/mod-fast ] compile-call ] unit-test
+
 [ 4 ] [ 1 3 [ fixnum+ ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ 4 ] [ 1 [ 3 fixnum+ ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ 4 ] [ [ 1 3 fixnum+ ] compile-call ] unit-test
@@ -208,6 +213,7 @@ IN: compiler.tests
 [ -1 ] [ [ -123 -64 fixnum-shift ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ -1 ] [ -123 -64 [ fixnum-shift ] compile-call ] unit-test
 
+[ HEX: 10000000 ] [ HEX: 1000000 HEX: 10 [ fixnum* ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ HEX: 10000000 ] [ HEX: -10000000 >fixnum [ 0 swap fixnum- ] compile-call ] unit-test
 [ HEX: 10000000 ] [ HEX: -fffffff >fixnum [ 1 swap fixnum- ] compile-call ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/optimizer.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/optimizer.factor
index f1b3e32eed..41df6e7ae5 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/optimizer.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/optimizer.factor
@@ -286,9 +286,7 @@ HINTS: recursive-inline-hang-2 array ;
 HINTS: recursive-inline-hang-3 array ;
 
 ! Regression
-USE: sequences.private
-
-[ ] [ { (3append) } compile ] unit-test
+[ ] [ { 3append-as } compile ] unit-test
 
 ! Wow
 : counter-example ( a b c d -- a' b' c' d' )
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/redefine13.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/redefine13.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d092cd4ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/redefine13.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+USING: math fry macros eval tools.test ;
+IN: compiler.tests.redefine13
+
+: breakage-word ( a b -- c ) + ;
+
+MACRO: breakage-macro ( a -- ) '[ _ breakage-word ] ;
+
+GENERIC: breakage-caller ( a -- c )
+
+M: fixnum breakage-caller 2 breakage-macro ;
+
+: breakage ( -- obj ) 2 breakage-caller ;
+
+! [ ] [ "IN: compiler.tests.redefine13 : breakage-word ( a b -- c ) ;" eval ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/redefine14.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/redefine14.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..807f3ed2c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/redefine14.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+USING: compiler.units definitions tools.test sequences ;
+IN: compiler.tests.redefine14
+
+! TUPLE: bad ;
+! 
+! M: bad length 1 2 3 ;
+! 
+! [ ] [ [ { bad length } forget ] with-compilation-unit ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tests/spilling.factor b/basis/compiler/tests/spilling.factor
index 156fdfff02..ee8c2f056a 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tests/spilling.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tests/spilling.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: math.private kernel combinators accessors arrays
-generalizations float-arrays tools.test ;
+generalizations tools.test ;
 IN: compiler.tests
 
 : float-spill-bug ( a -- b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b )
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/builder/builder.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/builder/builder.factor
index 19d80ec14f..4e79c4cd2d 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/builder/builder.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/builder/builder.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: fry accessors quotations kernel sequences namespaces
-assocs words arrays vectors hints combinators stack-checker
-stack-checker.state stack-checker.visitor stack-checker.errors
-stack-checker.backend compiler.tree ;
+assocs words arrays vectors hints combinators compiler.tree
+stack-checker
+stack-checker.state
+stack-checker.errors
+stack-checker.visitor
+stack-checker.backend
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: compiler.tree.builder
 
 : with-tree-builder ( quot -- nodes )
@@ -12,12 +16,13 @@ IN: compiler.tree.builder
 
 : build-tree ( quot -- nodes )
     #! Not safe to call from inference transforms.
-    [ f infer-quot ] with-tree-builder nip ;
+    [ f initial-recursive-state infer-quot ] with-tree-builder nip ;
 
 : build-tree-with ( in-stack quot -- nodes out-stack )
     #! Not safe to call from inference transforms.
     [
-        [ >vector meta-d set ] [ f infer-quot ] bi*
+        [ >vector meta-d set ]
+        [ f initial-recursive-state infer-quot ] bi*
     ] with-tree-builder nip
     unclip-last in-d>> ;
 
@@ -29,14 +34,10 @@ IN: compiler.tree.builder
     if ;
 
 : (build-tree-from-word) ( word -- )
-    dup
-    [ "inline" word-prop ]
-    [ "recursive" word-prop ] bi and [
-        1quotation f infer-quot
-    ] [
-        [ specialized-def ]
-        [ dup 2array 1array ] bi infer-quot
-    ] if ;
+    dup initial-recursive-state recursive-state set
+    dup [ "inline" word-prop ] [ "recursive" word-prop ] bi and
+    [ 1quotation ] [ specialized-def ] if
+    infer-quot-here ;
 
 : check-cannot-infer ( word -- )
     dup "cannot-infer" word-prop [ cannot-infer-effect ] [ drop ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/checker/checker.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/checker/checker.factor
index b712a6e354..4f99fa015d 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/checker/checker.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/checker/checker.factor
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ ERROR: check-use-error value message ;
 GENERIC: check-node* ( node -- )
 
 M: #shuffle check-node*
-    [ [ mapping>> values ] [ in-d>> ] bi subset? [ "Bad mapping inputs" throw ] unless ]
-    [ [ mapping>> keys ] [ out-d>> ] bi set= [ "Bad mapping outputs" throw ] unless ]
+    [ [ mapping>> values ] [ [ in-d>> ] [ in-r>> ] bi append ] bi subset? [ "Bad mapping inputs" throw ] unless ]
+    [ [ mapping>> keys ] [ [ out-d>> ] [ out-r>> ] bi append ] bi set= [ "Bad mapping outputs" throw ] unless ]
     bi ;
 
 : check-lengths ( seq -- )
@@ -31,13 +31,6 @@ M: #shuffle check-node*
 
 M: #copy check-node* inputs/outputs 2array check-lengths ;
 
-: check->r/r> ( node -- )
-    inputs/outputs [ drop ] [ 2array check-lengths ] if-empty ;
-
-M: #>r check-node* check->r/r> ;
-
-M: #r> check-node* check->r/r> ;
-
 M: #return-recursive check-node* inputs/outputs 2array check-lengths ;
 
 M: #phi check-node*
@@ -113,11 +106,8 @@ M: #push check-stack-flow* check-out-d ;
 
 M: #call check-stack-flow* [ check-in-d ] [ check-out-d ] bi ;
 
-M: #shuffle check-stack-flow* [ check-in-d ] [ check-out-d ] bi ;
-
-M: #>r check-stack-flow* [ check-in-d ] [ check-out-r ] bi ;
-
-M: #r> check-stack-flow* [ check-in-r ] [ check-out-d ] bi ;
+M: #shuffle check-stack-flow*
+    { [ check-in-d ] [ check-in-r ] [ check-out-d ] [ check-out-r ] } cleave ;
 
 : assert-datastack-empty ( -- )
     datastack get empty? [ "Data stack not empty" throw ] unless ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup-tests.factor
index b77a27800f..71c6fb5675 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup-tests.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ strings sbufs sequences.private slots.private combinators
 definitions system layouts vectors math.partial-dispatch
 math.order math.functions accessors hashtables classes assocs
 io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.ascii io.encodings fry slots
-sorting.private combinators.short-circuit
+sorting.private combinators.short-circuit grouping prettyprint
 compiler.tree
 compiler.tree.combinators
 compiler.tree.cleanup
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ M: object xyz ;
     2over fixnum>= [
         3drop
     ] [
-        [ swap >r call 1 fixnum+fast r> ] keep (fx-repeat)
+        [ swap [ call 1 fixnum+fast ] dip ] keep (fx-repeat)
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : fx-repeat ( n quot -- )
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ M: object xyz ;
     2over dup xyz drop >= [
         3drop
     ] [
-        [ swap >r call 1+ r> ] keep (i-repeat)
+        [ swap [ call 1+ ] dip ] keep (i-repeat)
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
-: i-repeat >r { integer } declare r> 0 -rot (i-repeat) ; inline
+: i-repeat [ { integer } declare ] dip 0 -rot (i-repeat) ; inline
 
 [ t ] [
     [ [ dup xyz drop ] i-repeat ] \ xyz inlined?
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ M: fixnum annotate-entry-test-1 drop ;
     2dup >= [
         2drop
     ] [
-        >r dup annotate-entry-test-1 1+ r> (annotate-entry-test-2)
+        [ dup annotate-entry-test-1 1+ ] dip (annotate-entry-test-2)
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : annotate-entry-test-2 0 -rot (annotate-entry-test-2) ; inline
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ cell-bits 32 = [
 ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [
-    [ [ >r "A" throw r> ] [ "B" throw ] if ]
+    [ [ [ "A" throw ] dip ] [ "B" throw ] if ]
     cleaned-up-tree drop
 ] unit-test
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ cell-bits 32 = [
 : buffalo-wings ( i seq -- )
     2dup < [
         2dup chicken-fingers
-        >r 1+ r> buffalo-wings
+        [ 1+ ] dip buffalo-wings
     ] [
         2drop
     ] if ; inline recursive
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ cell-bits 32 = [
 : ribs ( i seq -- )
     2dup < [
         steak
-        >r 1+ r> ribs
+        [ 1+ ] dip ribs
     ] [
         2drop
     ] if ; inline recursive
@@ -500,3 +500,13 @@ cell-bits 32 = [
     [ { array-capacity } declare 1 fixnum+ ] cleaned-up-tree
     [ { [ #call? ] [ node-input-infos second literal>> 1 = ] } 1&& ] contains?
 ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    [ { null } declare [ 1 ] [ 2 ] if ]
+    build-tree normalize propagate cleanup check-nodes
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    [ { array } declare 2 <groups> [ . . ] assoc-each ]
+    \ nth-unsafe inlined?
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup.factor
index 4ca058b2e3..becac01cd5 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/cleanup/cleanup.factor
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ M: #declare cleanup* drop f ;
     #! If only one branch is live we don't need to branch at
     #! all; just drop the condition value.
     dup live-children sift dup length {
-        { 0 [ 2drop f ] }
+        { 0 [ drop in-d>> #drop ] }
         { 1 [ first swap in-d>> #drop prefix ] }
         [ 2drop ]
     } case ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/branches/branches.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/branches/branches.factor
index 719c80f911..eba82384ab 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/branches/branches.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/branches/branches.factor
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ M: #branch remove-dead-code*
     [ drop filter-live ] [ swap nths ] 2bi
     [ make-values ] keep
     [ drop ] [ zip ] 2bi
-    #shuffle ;
+    #data-shuffle ;
 
 : insert-drops ( nodes values indices -- nodes' )
     '[
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/dead-code-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/dead-code-tests.factor
index 7b15fdf856..b64e30d8f9 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/dead-code-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/dead-code-tests.factor
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ IN: compiler.tree.dead-code.tests
     remove-dead-code
     "no-check" get [ dup check-nodes ] unless nodes>quot ;
 
-[ [ drop 1 ] ] [ [ >r 1 r> drop ] optimize-quot ] unit-test
+[ [ drop 1 ] ] [ [ [ 1 ] dip drop ] optimize-quot ] unit-test
 
-[ [ read drop 1 2 ] ] [ [ read >r 1 2 r> drop ] optimize-quot ] unit-test
+[ [ read drop 1 2 ] ] [ [ read [ 1 2 ] dip drop ] optimize-quot ] unit-test
 
 [ [ over >r + r> ] ] [ [ [ + ] [ drop ] 2bi ] optimize-quot ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/liveness/liveness.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/liveness/liveness.factor
index 08bfde55b2..44b71935c8 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/liveness/liveness.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/liveness/liveness.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: fry accessors namespaces assocs deques search-deques
-kernel sequences sequences.deep words sets stack-checker.branches
-compiler.tree compiler.tree.def-use compiler.tree.combinators ;
+dlists kernel sequences sequences.deep words sets
+stack-checker.branches compiler.tree compiler.tree.def-use
+compiler.tree.combinators ;
 IN: compiler.tree.dead-code.liveness
 
 SYMBOL: work-list
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/simple/simple.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/simple/simple.factor
index addb13ced3..185c776c4e 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/simple/simple.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/dead-code/simple/simple.factor
@@ -39,12 +39,6 @@ M: #copy compute-live-values*
 
 M: #call compute-live-values* nip look-at-inputs ;
 
-M: #>r compute-live-values*
-    [ out-r>> ] [ in-d>> ] bi look-at-mapping ;
-
-M: #r> compute-live-values*
-    [ out-d>> ] [ in-r>> ] bi look-at-mapping ;
-
 M: #shuffle compute-live-values*
     mapping>> at look-at-value ;
 
@@ -61,7 +55,7 @@ M: #alien-indirect compute-live-values* nip look-at-inputs ;
     zip filter-mapping values ;
 
 : filter-live ( values -- values' )
-    [ live-value? ] filter ;
+    dup empty? [ [ live-value? ] filter ] unless ;
 
 :: drop-values ( inputs outputs mapping-keys mapping-values -- #shuffle )
     inputs
@@ -69,7 +63,7 @@ M: #alien-indirect compute-live-values* nip look-at-inputs ;
     outputs
     mapping-keys
     mapping-values
-    filter-corresponding zip #shuffle ; inline
+    filter-corresponding zip #data-shuffle ; inline
 
 :: drop-dead-values ( outputs -- #shuffle )
     [let* | new-outputs [ outputs make-values ]
@@ -95,16 +89,6 @@ M: #alien-indirect compute-live-values* nip look-at-inputs ;
 M: #introduce remove-dead-code* ( #introduce -- nodes )
     maybe-drop-dead-outputs ;
 
-M: #>r remove-dead-code*
-    [ filter-live ] change-out-r
-    [ filter-live ] change-in-d
-    dup in-d>> empty? [ drop f ] when ;
-
-M: #r> remove-dead-code*
-    [ filter-live ] change-out-d
-    [ filter-live ] change-in-r
-    dup in-r>> empty? [ drop f ] when ;
-
 M: #push remove-dead-code*
     dup out-d>> first live-value? [ drop f ] unless ;
 
@@ -125,12 +109,14 @@ M: #call remove-dead-code*
 M: #shuffle remove-dead-code*
     [ filter-live ] change-in-d
     [ filter-live ] change-out-d
+    [ filter-live ] change-in-r
+    [ filter-live ] change-out-r
     [ filter-mapping ] change-mapping
-    dup in-d>> empty? [ drop f ] when ;
+    dup [ in-d>> empty? ] [ in-r>> empty? ] bi and [ drop f ] when ;
 
 M: #copy remove-dead-code*
     [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi
-    2dup swap zip #shuffle
+    2dup swap zip #data-shuffle
     remove-dead-code* ;
 
 M: #terminate remove-dead-code*
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/debugger/debugger.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/debugger/debugger.factor
index 59a028a4f4..8d764a2833 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/debugger/debugger.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/debugger/debugger.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: kernel assocs match fry accessors namespaces make effects
 sequences sequences.private quotations generic macros arrays
 prettyprint prettyprint.backend prettyprint.sections math words
-combinators io sorting hints qualified
+combinators combinators.short-circuit io sorting hints qualified
 compiler.tree
 compiler.tree.recursive
 compiler.tree.normalization
@@ -57,11 +57,43 @@ TUPLE: shuffle-node { effect effect } ;
 
 M: shuffle-node pprint* effect>> effect>string text ;
  
-M: #shuffle node>quot
-    shuffle-effect dup pretty-shuffle
-    [ % ] [ shuffle-node boa , ] ?if ;
+: (shuffle-effect) ( in out #shuffle -- effect )
+    mapping>> '[ _ at ] map <effect> ;
 
-M: #push node>quot literal>> , ;
+: shuffle-effect ( #shuffle -- effect )
+    [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] [ ] tri (shuffle-effect) ;
+
+: #>r? ( #shuffle -- ? )
+    {
+        [ in-d>> length 1 = ]
+        [ out-r>> length 1 = ]
+        [ in-r>> empty? ]
+        [ out-d>> empty? ]
+    } 1&& ;
+
+: #r>? ( #shuffle -- ? )
+    {
+        [ in-d>> empty? ]
+        [ out-r>> empty? ]
+        [ in-r>> length 1 = ]
+        [ out-d>> length 1 = ]
+    } 1&& ;
+
+M: #shuffle node>quot
+    {
+        { [ dup #>r? ] [ drop \ >r , ] }
+        { [ dup #r>? ] [ drop \ r> , ] }
+        {
+            [ dup [ in-r>> empty? ] [ out-r>> empty? ] bi and ]
+            [
+                shuffle-effect dup pretty-shuffle
+                [ % ] [ shuffle-node boa , ] ?if
+            ]
+        }
+        [ drop "COMPLEX SHUFFLE" , ]
+    } cond ;
+
+M: #push node>quot literal>> literalize , ;
 
 M: #call node>quot word>> , ;
 
@@ -82,16 +114,6 @@ M: #if node>quot
 M: #dispatch node>quot
     children>> [ nodes>quot ] map , \ dispatch , ;
 
-M: #>r node>quot
-    [ in-d>> length ] [ out-r>> empty? \ drop \ >r ? ] bi
-    <repetition> % ;
-
-DEFER: rdrop
-
-M: #r> node>quot
-    [ in-r>> length ] [ out-d>> empty? \ rdrop \ r> ? ] bi
-    <repetition> % ;
-
 M: #alien-invoke node>quot params>> , \ #alien-invoke , ;
 
 M: #alien-indirect node>quot params>> , \ #alien-indirect , ;
@@ -103,9 +125,13 @@ M: node node>quot drop ;
 : nodes>quot ( node -- quot )
     [ [ node>quot ] each ] [ ] make ;
 
-: optimized. ( quot/word -- )
-    dup word? [ specialized-def ] when
-    build-tree optimize-tree nodes>quot . ;
+GENERIC: optimized. ( quot/word -- )
+
+M: method-spec optimized. first2 method optimized. ;
+
+M: word optimized. specialized-def optimized. ;
+
+M: callable optimized. build-tree optimize-tree nodes>quot . ;
 
 SYMBOL: words-called
 SYMBOL: generics-called
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/def-use/def-use.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/def-use/def-use.factor
index 2379f3918d..705f44eeb6 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/def-use/def-use.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/def-use/def-use.factor
@@ -18,12 +18,16 @@ TUPLE: definition value node uses ;
         swap >>node
         V{ } clone >>uses ;
 
+ERROR: no-def-error value ;
+
 : def-of ( value -- definition )
-    def-use get at* [ "No def" throw ] unless ;
+    dup def-use get at* [ nip ] [ no-def-error ] if ;
+
+ERROR: multiple-defs-error ;
 
 : def-value ( node value -- )
     def-use get 2dup key? [
-        "Multiple defs" throw
+        multiple-defs-error
     ] [
         [ [ <definition> ] keep ] dip set-at
     ] if ;
@@ -38,16 +42,16 @@ GENERIC: node-uses-values ( node -- values )
 
 M: #introduce node-uses-values drop f ;
 M: #push node-uses-values drop f ;
-M: #r> node-uses-values in-r>> ;
 M: #phi node-uses-values phi-in-d>> concat remove-bottom prune ;
 M: #declare node-uses-values declaration>> keys ;
 M: #terminate node-uses-values [ in-d>> ] [ in-r>> ] bi append ;
+M: #shuffle node-uses-values [ in-d>> ] [ in-r>> ] bi append ;
 M: #alien-callback node-uses-values drop f ;
 M: node node-uses-values in-d>> ;
 
 GENERIC: node-defs-values ( node -- values )
 
-M: #>r node-defs-values out-r>> ;
+M: #shuffle node-defs-values [ out-d>> ] [ out-r>> ] bi append ;
 M: #branch node-defs-values drop f ;
 M: #declare node-defs-values drop f ;
 M: #return node-defs-values drop f ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/allocations/allocations.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/allocations/allocations.factor
index 4c197d7fc0..5d34eaad15 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/allocations/allocations.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/allocations/allocations.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors assocs namespaces sequences kernel math
-combinators sets disjoint-sets fry stack-checker.state ;
+combinators sets disjoint-sets fry stack-checker.values ;
 IN: compiler.tree.escape-analysis.allocations
 
 ! A map from values to one of the following:
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/escape-analysis-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/escape-analysis-tests.factor
index 4ed194e81d..9a226b954f 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/escape-analysis-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/escape-analysis/escape-analysis-tests.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ math.private kernel tools.test accessors slots.private
 quotations.private prettyprint classes.tuple.private classes
 classes.tuple namespaces
 compiler.tree.propagation.info stack-checker.errors
+compiler.tree.checker
 kernel.private ;
 
 \ escape-analysis must-infer
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ M: node count-unboxed-allocations* drop ;
     propagate
     cleanup
     escape-analysis
+    dup check-nodes
     0 swap [ count-unboxed-allocations* ] each-node ;
 
 [ 0 ] [ [ [ + ] curry ] count-unboxed-allocations ] unit-test
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ C: <ro-box> ro-box
 : bleach-node ( quot: ( node -- ) -- )
     [ bleach-node ] curry [ ] compose impeach-node ; inline recursive
 
-[ 2 ] [ [ [ ] bleach-node ] count-unboxed-allocations ] unit-test
+[ 3 ] [ [ [ ] bleach-node ] count-unboxed-allocations ] unit-test
 
 [ 0 ] [
     [ dup -1 over >= [ 0 >= [ "A" throw ] unless ] [ drop ] if ]
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/finalization/finalization.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/finalization/finalization.factor
index 2d2e429994..16a27e020a 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/finalization/finalization.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/finalization/finalization.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel accessors sequences words memoize classes.builtin
+fry assocs
 compiler.tree
 compiler.tree.combinators
 compiler.tree.propagation.info
@@ -27,9 +28,10 @@ GENERIC: finalize* ( node -- nodes )
 M: #copy finalize* drop f ;
 
 M: #shuffle finalize*
-    dup shuffle-effect
-    [ in>> ] [ out>> ] bi sequence=
-    [ drop f ] when ;
+    dup
+    [ [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] [ mapping>> ] tri '[ _ at ] map sequence= ]
+    [ [ in-r>> ] [ out-r>> ] [ mapping>> ] tri '[ _ at ] map sequence= ]
+    bi and [ drop f ] when ;
 
 : builtin-predicate? ( #call -- ? )
     word>> "predicating" word-prop builtin-class? ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/identities/identities.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/identities/identities.factor
index d6ed59cbaa..00632ec6f6 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/identities/identities.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/identities/identities.factor
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ GENERIC: apply-identities* ( node -- node )
 
 : select-input ( node n -- #shuffle )
     [ [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi ] dip
-    pick nth over first associate #shuffle ;
+    pick nth over first associate #data-shuffle ;
 
 M: #call apply-identities*
     dup word>> "identities" word-prop [
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/normalization-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/normalization-tests.factor
index c4a97fcc92..5ac3c57abe 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/normalization-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/normalization-tests.factor
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ sequences accessors tools.test kernel math ;
 [ ] [ [ [ 1 ] [ 2 ] if + * ] test-normalization ] unit-test
 
 DEFER: bbb
-: aaa ( x -- ) dup [ dup >r bbb r> aaa ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
-: bbb ( x -- ) >r drop 0 r> aaa ; inline recursive
+: aaa ( x -- ) dup [ dup [ bbb ] dip aaa ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
+: bbb ( x -- ) [ drop 0 ] dip aaa ; inline recursive
 
 [ ] [ [ bbb ] test-normalization ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/renaming/renaming.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/renaming/renaming.factor
index 3050df2611..9d68f4a733 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/renaming/renaming.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/normalization/renaming/renaming.factor
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYMBOL: rename-map
     [ rename-map get at ] keep or ;
 
 : rename-values ( values -- values' )
-    rename-map get '[ [ _ at ] keep or ] map ;
+    dup empty? [ rename-map get '[ [ _ at ] keep or ] map ] unless ;
 
 : add-renamings ( old new -- )
     [ rename-values ] dip
@@ -22,13 +22,11 @@ M: #introduce rename-node-values* ;
 
 M: #shuffle rename-node-values*
     [ rename-values ] change-in-d
+    [ rename-values ] change-in-r
     [ [ rename-value ] assoc-map ] change-mapping ;
 
 M: #push rename-node-values* ;
 
-M: #r> rename-node-values*
-    [ rename-values ] change-in-r ;
-
 M: #terminate rename-node-values*
     [ rename-values ] change-in-d
     [ rename-values ] change-in-r ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/branches/branches.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/branches/branches.factor
index c76217f8ae..424cd8a01c 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/branches/branches.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/branches/branches.factor
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ M: #dispatch live-branches
 SYMBOL: infer-children-data
 
 : copy-value-info ( -- )
-    value-infos [ clone ] change
-    constraints [ clone ] change ;
+    value-infos [ H{ } clone suffix ] change
+    constraints [ H{ } clone suffix ] change ;
 
 : no-value-info ( -- )
     value-infos off
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/constraints/constraints.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/constraints/constraints.factor
index cfdf7f5169..2652547aad 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/constraints/constraints.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/constraints/constraints.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ TUPLE: true-constraint value ;
 
 M: true-constraint assume*
     [ \ f class-not <class-info> swap value>> refine-value-info ]
-    [ constraints get at [ assume ] when* ]
+    [ constraints get assoc-stack [ assume ] when* ]
     bi ;
 
 M: true-constraint satisfied?
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ TUPLE: false-constraint value ;
 
 M: false-constraint assume*
     [ \ f <class-info> swap value>> refine-value-info ]
-    [ constraints get at [ assume ] when* ]
+    [ constraints get assoc-stack [ assume ] when* ]
     bi ;
 
 M: false-constraint satisfied?
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ TUPLE: implication p q ;
 C: --> implication
 
 : assume-implication ( p q -- )
-    [ constraints get [ swap suffix ] change-at ]
+    [ constraints get [ assoc-stack swap suffix ] 2keep peek set-at ]
     [ satisfied? [ assume ] [ drop ] if ] 2bi ;
 
 M: implication assume*
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info-tests.factor
index 24f4ca59dc..2c3314994b 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info-tests.factor
@@ -70,3 +70,7 @@ TUPLE: test-tuple { x read-only } ;
     f f 3 <literal-info> 3array test-tuple <tuple-info> dup
     object-info value-info-intersect =
 ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    null-info 3 <literal-info> value-info<=
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info.factor
index d1d8189f7a..771d3800df 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/info/info.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: assocs classes classes.algebra classes.tuple
 classes.tuple.private kernel accessors math math.intervals
-namespaces sequences words combinators combinators.short-circuit
+namespaces sequences words combinators
 arrays compiler.tree.propagation.copy ;
 IN: compiler.tree.propagation.info
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ slots ;
 
 : null-info T{ value-info f null empty-interval } ; inline
 
-: object-info T{ value-info f object T{ interval f { -1.0/0.0 t } { 1.0/0.0 t } } } ; inline
+: object-info T{ value-info f object full-interval } ; inline
 
 : class-interval ( class -- interval )
     dup real class<=
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ slots ;
 : interval>literal ( class interval -- literal literal? )
     #! If interval has zero length and the class is sufficiently
     #! precise, we can turn it into a literal
-    dup empty-interval eq? [
+    dup special-interval? [
         2drop f f
     ] [
         dup from>> first {
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ DEFER: (value-info-union)
 : literals<= ( info1 info2 -- ? )
     {
         { [ dup literal?>> not ] [ 2drop t ] }
-        { [ over literal?>> not ] [ 2drop f ] }
+        { [ over literal?>> not ] [ drop class>> null-class? ] }
         [ [ literal>> ] bi@ eql? ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -253,26 +253,29 @@ DEFER: (value-info-union)
         { [ over not ] [ 2drop f ] }
         [
             {
-                [ [ class>> ] bi@ class<= ]
-                [ [ interval>> ] bi@ interval-subset? ]
-                [ literals<= ]
-                [ [ length>> ] bi@ value-info<= ]
-                [ [ slots>> ] bi@ [ value-info<= ] 2all? ]
-            } 2&&
+                { [ 2dup [ class>> ] bi@ class<= not ] [ f ] }
+                { [ 2dup [ interval>> ] bi@ interval-subset? not ] [ f ] }
+                { [ 2dup literals<= not ] [ f ] }
+                { [ 2dup [ length>> ] bi@ value-info<= not ] [ f ] }
+                { [ 2dup [ slots>> ] bi@ [ value-info<= ] 2all? not ] [ f ] }
+                [ t ]
+            } cond 2nip
         ]
     } cond ;
 
-! Current value --> info mapping
+! Assoc stack of current value --> info mapping
 SYMBOL: value-infos
 
 : value-info ( value -- info )
-    resolve-copy value-infos get at null-info or ;
+    resolve-copy value-infos get assoc-stack null-info or ;
 
 : set-value-info ( info value -- )
-    resolve-copy value-infos get set-at ;
+    resolve-copy value-infos get peek set-at ;
 
 : refine-value-info ( info value -- )
-    resolve-copy value-infos get [ value-info-intersect ] change-at ;
+    resolve-copy value-infos get
+    [ assoc-stack value-info-intersect ] 2keep
+    peek set-at ;
 
 : value-literal ( value -- obj ? )
     value-info >literal< ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/inlining/inlining.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/inlining/inlining.factor
index 8397a5fdbb..83a4a7aef7 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/inlining/inlining.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/inlining/inlining.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: accessors kernel arrays sequences math math.order
 math.partial-dispatch generic generic.standard generic.math
 classes.algebra classes.union sets quotations assocs combinators
-words namespaces continuations
+words namespaces continuations classes fry
 compiler.tree
 compiler.tree.builder
 compiler.tree.recursive
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ GENERIC: splicing-nodes ( #call word/quot/f -- nodes )
 M: word splicing-nodes
     [ [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi ] dip #call 1array ;
 
-M: quotation splicing-nodes
+M: callable splicing-nodes
     build-sub-tree analyze-recursive normalize ;
 
 : propagate-body ( #call -- )
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ DEFER: (flat-length)
 
 : word-flat-length ( word -- n )
     {
+        ! special-case
+        { [ dup { dip 2dip 3dip } memq? ] [ drop 1 ] }
         ! not inline
         { [ dup inline? not ] [ drop 1 ] }
         ! recursive and inline
@@ -138,18 +140,21 @@ SYMBOL: history
 : remember-inlining ( word -- )
     history [ swap suffix ] change ;
 
-: inline-word ( #call word -- ? )
-    dup history get memq? [
-        2drop f
+: inline-word-def ( #call word quot -- ? )
+    over history get memq? [
+        3drop f
     ] [
         [
-            dup remember-inlining
-            dupd def>> splicing-nodes >>body
+            swap remember-inlining
+            dupd splicing-nodes >>body
             propagate-body
         ] with-scope
         t
     ] if ;
 
+: inline-word ( #call word -- ? )
+    dup def>> inline-word-def ;
+
 : inline-method-body ( #call word -- ? )
     2dup should-inline? [ inline-word ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
@@ -163,6 +168,10 @@ SYMBOL: history
     [ dup 1array ] [ "custom-inlining" word-prop ] bi* with-datastack
     first object swap eliminate-dispatch ;
 
+: inline-instance-check ( #call word -- ? )
+    over in-d>> second value-info literal>> dup class?
+    [ "predicate" word-prop '[ drop @ ] inline-word-def ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
+
 : do-inlining ( #call word -- ? )
     #! If the generic was defined in an outer compilation unit,
     #! then it doesn't have a definition yet; the definition
@@ -175,6 +184,7 @@ SYMBOL: history
     {
         { [ dup deferred? ] [ 2drop f ] }
         { [ dup custom-inlining? ] [ inline-custom ] }
+        { [ dup \ instance? eq? ] [ inline-instance-check ] }
         { [ dup always-inline-word? ] [ inline-word ] }
         { [ dup standard-generic? ] [ inline-standard-method ] }
         { [ dup math-generic? ] [ inline-math-method ] }
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
index 3b698e0001..163b17094a 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/known-words/known-words.factor
@@ -37,31 +37,6 @@ most-negative-fixnum most-positive-fixnum [a,b]
 
 \ bitnot { integer } "input-classes" set-word-prop
 
-{
-    fcosh
-    flog
-    fsinh
-    fexp
-    fasin
-    facosh
-    fasinh
-    ftanh
-    fatanh
-    facos
-    fpow
-    fatan
-    fatan2
-    fcos
-    ftan
-    fsin
-    fsqrt
-} [
-    dup stack-effect
-    [ in>> length real <repetition> "input-classes" set-word-prop ]
-    [ out>> length float <repetition> "default-output-classes" set-word-prop ]
-    2bi
-] each
-
 : ?change-interval ( info quot -- quot' )
     over interval>> [ [ clone ] dip change-interval ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline
 
@@ -138,6 +113,12 @@ most-negative-fixnum most-positive-fixnum [a,b]
 \ mod [ [ interval-mod ] [ real-valued ] binary-op ] each-derived-op
 \ rem [ [ interval-rem ] [ may-overflow real-valued ] binary-op ] each-derived-op
 
+{ /mod fixnum/mod } [
+    \ /i \ mod
+    [ "outputs" word-prop ] bi@
+    '[ _ _ 2bi ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+] each
+
 \ shift [ [ interval-shift-safe ] [ may-overflow integer-valued ] binary-op ] each-derived-op
 \ shift [ [ interval-shift-safe ] [ integer-valued ] binary-op ] each-fast-derived-op
 
@@ -216,8 +197,15 @@ generic-comparison-ops [
 
 {
     { >fixnum fixnum }
+    { bignum>fixnum fixnum }
+
     { >bignum bignum }
+    { fixnum>bignum bignum }
+    { float>bignum bignum }
+
     { >float float }
+    { fixnum>float float }
+    { bignum>float float }
 } [
     '[
         _
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation-tests.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation-tests.factor
index 101320f92c..2c4769abe0 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation-tests.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ math.functions math.private strings layouts
 compiler.tree.propagation.info compiler.tree.def-use
 compiler.tree.debugger compiler.tree.checker
 slots.private words hashtables classes assocs locals
-float-arrays system ;
+specialized-arrays.double system sorting math.libm ;
 IN: compiler.tree.propagation.tests
 
 \ propagate must-infer
@@ -167,7 +167,8 @@ IN: compiler.tree.propagation.tests
 
 [ V{ fixnum } ] [
     [
-        [ uchar-nth ] 2keep [ uchar-nth ] 2keep uchar-nth
+        { fixnum byte-array } declare
+        [ nth-unsafe ] 2keep [ nth-unsafe ] 2keep nth-unsafe
         >r >r 298 * r> 100 * - r> 208 * - 128 + -8 shift
         255 min 0 max
     ] final-classes
@@ -434,7 +435,7 @@ TUPLE: mixed-mutable-immutable { x integer } { y sequence read-only } ;
 ] unit-test
 
 : recursive-test-4 ( i n -- )
-    2dup < [ >r 1+ r> recursive-test-4 ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline recursive
+    2dup < [ [ 1+ ] dip recursive-test-4 ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
 [ ] [ [ recursive-test-4 ] final-info drop ] unit-test
 
@@ -588,10 +589,16 @@ MIXIN: empty-mixin
     [ { fixnum integer } declare bitand ] final-classes
 ] unit-test
 
-[ V{ float-array } ] [ [| | F{ } ] final-classes ] unit-test
+[ V{ double-array } ] [ [| | double-array{ } ] final-classes ] unit-test
 
 [ V{ t } ] [ [ netbsd unix? ] final-literals ] unit-test
 
+[ V{ array } ] [ [ [ <=> ] sort [ <=> ] sort ] final-classes ] unit-test
+
+[ V{ float } ] [ [ fsqrt ] final-classes ] unit-test
+
+[ V{ t } ] [ [ { fixnum } declare 10 mod >float -20 > ] final-literals ] unit-test
+
 ! [ V{ string } ] [
 !     [ dup string? t xor [ "A" throw ] [ ] if ] final-classes
 ! ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation.factor
index d82ebed433..b9822d2c6b 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/propagation.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel sequences namespaces hashtables
+USING: accessors kernel sequences namespaces hashtables arrays
 compiler.tree
 compiler.tree.propagation.copy
 compiler.tree.propagation.info
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ IN: compiler.tree.propagation
 
 : propagate ( node -- node )
     H{ } clone copies set
-    H{ } clone constraints set
-    H{ } clone value-infos set
+    H{ } clone 1array value-infos set
+    H{ } clone 1array constraints set
     dup count-nodes
     dup (propagate) ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/recursive/recursive.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/recursive/recursive.factor
index 53dce813a3..7f10f87016 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/recursive/recursive.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/recursive/recursive.factor
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ IN: compiler.tree.propagation.recursive
     [ value-info<= ] 2all?
     [ drop ] [ label>> f >>fixed-point drop ] if ;
 
+: latest-input-infos ( node -- infos )
+    in-d>> [ value-info ] map ;
+
 : recursive-stacks ( #enter-recursive -- stacks initial )
     [ label>> calls>> [ node-input-infos ] map flip ]
-    [ in-d>> [ value-info ] map ] bi ;
+    [ latest-input-infos ] bi ;
 
 : generalize-counter-interval ( interval initial-interval -- interval' )
     {
@@ -46,14 +49,13 @@ IN: compiler.tree.propagation.recursive
     ] if ;
 
 : propagate-recursive-phi ( #enter-recursive -- )
-    [ ] [ recursive-stacks unify-recursive-stacks ] [ ] tri
-    [ node-output-infos check-fixed-point ]
-    [ out-d>> set-value-infos drop ]
-    3bi ;
+    [ recursive-stacks unify-recursive-stacks ] keep
+    out-d>> set-value-infos ;
 
 M: #recursive propagate-around ( #recursive -- )
+    constraints [ H{ } clone suffix ] change
     [
-        constraints [ clone ] change
+        constraints [ but-last H{ } clone suffix ] change
 
         child>>
         [ first compute-copy-equiv ]
@@ -62,6 +64,9 @@ M: #recursive propagate-around ( #recursive -- )
         tri
     ] until-fixed-point ;
 
+: recursive-phi-infos ( node -- infos )
+    label>> enter-recursive>> node-output-infos ;
+
 : generalize-return-interval ( info -- info' )
     dup [ literal?>> ] [ class>> null-class? ] bi or
     [ clone [-inf,inf] >>interval ] unless ;
@@ -70,12 +75,25 @@ M: #recursive propagate-around ( #recursive -- )
     [ generalize-return-interval ] map ;
 
 : return-infos ( node -- infos )
-    label>> [ return>> node-input-infos ] [ loop?>> ] bi
-    [ generalize-return ] unless ;
+    label>> return>> node-input-infos generalize-return ;
+
+: save-return-infos ( node infos -- )
+    swap out-d>> set-value-infos ;
+
+: unless-loop ( node quot -- )
+    [ dup label>> loop?>> [ drop ] ] dip if ; inline
 
 M: #call-recursive propagate-before ( #call-recursive -- )
-    [ ] [ return-infos ] [ node-output-infos ] tri
-    [ check-fixed-point ] [ drop swap out-d>> set-value-infos ] 3bi ;
+    [
+        [ ] [ latest-input-infos ] [ recursive-phi-infos ] tri
+        check-fixed-point
+    ]
+    [
+        [
+            [ ] [ return-infos ] [ node-output-infos ] tri
+            [ check-fixed-point ] [ drop save-return-infos ] 3bi
+        ] unless-loop
+    ] bi ;
 
 M: #call-recursive annotate-node
     dup [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi append (annotate-node) ;
@@ -83,5 +101,11 @@ M: #call-recursive annotate-node
 M: #enter-recursive annotate-node
     dup out-d>> (annotate-node) ;
 
+M: #return-recursive propagate-before ( #return-recursive -- )
+    [
+        [ ] [ latest-input-infos ] [ node-input-infos ] tri
+        check-fixed-point
+    ] unless-loop ;
+
 M: #return-recursive annotate-node
     dup in-d>> (annotate-node) ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/simple/simple.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/simple/simple.factor
index d586ff398f..9937c6b9c4 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/simple/simple.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/propagation/simple/simple.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: fry accessors kernel sequences sequences.private assocs words
 namespaces classes.algebra combinators classes classes.tuple
-classes.tuple.private continuations arrays
+classes.tuple.private continuations arrays alien.c-types
 math math.private slots generic definitions
 stack-checker.state
 compiler.tree
@@ -137,11 +137,12 @@ M: #call propagate-after
     dup word>> "input-classes" word-prop dup
     [ propagate-input-classes ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
-M: #alien-invoke propagate-before
-    out-d>> [ object-info swap set-value-info ] each ;
+: propagate-alien-invoke ( node -- )
+    [ out-d>> ] [ params>> return>> ] bi
+    [ drop ] [ c-type-class <class-info> swap first set-value-info ] if-void ;
 
-M: #alien-indirect propagate-before
-    out-d>> [ object-info swap set-value-info ] each ;
+M: #alien-invoke propagate-before propagate-alien-invoke ;
 
-M: #return annotate-node
-    dup in-d>> (annotate-node) ;
+M: #alien-indirect propagate-before propagate-alien-invoke ;
+
+M: #return annotate-node dup in-d>> (annotate-node) ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/recursive/recursive.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/recursive/recursive.factor
index d257cd6600..2e40693e69 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/recursive/recursive.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/recursive/recursive.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel assocs arrays namespaces accessors sequences deques
-search-deques compiler.tree compiler.tree.combinators ;
+search-deques dlists compiler.tree compiler.tree.combinators ;
 IN: compiler.tree.recursive
 
 ! Collect label info
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/tree.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/tree.factor
index 05f33902ec..9f9a43df64 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/tree.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/tree.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: fry arrays generic assocs kernel math namespaces parser
-sequences words vectors math.intervals effects classes
+sequences words vectors math.intervals classes
 accessors combinators stack-checker.state stack-checker.visitor
 stack-checker.inlining ;
 IN: compiler.tree
@@ -42,30 +42,21 @@ TUPLE: #push < node literal out-d ;
 
 TUPLE: #renaming < node ;
 
-TUPLE: #shuffle < #renaming mapping in-d out-d ;
+TUPLE: #shuffle < #renaming mapping in-d out-d in-r out-r ;
 
-: #shuffle ( inputs outputs mapping -- node )
+: #shuffle ( in-d out-d in-r out-r mapping -- node )
     \ #shuffle new
         swap >>mapping
+        swap >>out-r
+        swap >>in-r
         swap >>out-d
         swap >>in-d ;
 
+: #data-shuffle ( in-d out-d mapping -- node )
+    [ f f ] dip #shuffle ; inline
+
 : #drop ( inputs -- node )
-    { } { } #shuffle ;
-
-TUPLE: #>r < #renaming in-d out-r ;
-
-: #>r ( inputs outputs -- node )
-    \ #>r new
-        swap >>out-r
-        swap >>in-d ;
-
-TUPLE: #r> < #renaming in-r out-d ;
-
-: #r> ( inputs outputs -- node )
-    \ #r> new
-        swap >>out-d
-        swap >>in-r ;
+    { } { } #data-shuffle ;
 
 TUPLE: #terminate < node in-d in-r ;
 
@@ -171,16 +162,9 @@ TUPLE: #alien-callback < #alien-node ;
 GENERIC: inputs/outputs ( #renaming -- inputs outputs )
 
 M: #shuffle inputs/outputs mapping>> unzip swap ;
-M: #>r inputs/outputs [ in-d>> ] [ out-r>> ] bi ;
-M: #r> inputs/outputs [ in-r>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi ;
 M: #copy inputs/outputs [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi ;
 M: #return-recursive inputs/outputs [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] bi ;
 
-: shuffle-effect ( #shuffle -- effect )
-    [ in-d>> ] [ out-d>> ] [ mapping>> ] tri
-    '[ _ at ] map
-    <effect> ;
-
 : recursive-phi-in ( #enter-recursive -- seq )
     [ label>> calls>> [ in-d>> ] map ] [ in-d>> ] bi suffix ;
 
@@ -193,8 +177,8 @@ M: vector #call, #call node, ;
 M: vector #push, #push node, ;
 M: vector #shuffle, #shuffle node, ;
 M: vector #drop, #drop node, ;
-M: vector #>r, #>r node, ;
-M: vector #r>, #r> node, ;
+M: vector #>r, [ [ f f ] dip ] [ swap zip ] 2bi #shuffle, ;
+M: vector #r>, [ swap [ f swap ] dip f ] [ swap zip ] 2bi #shuffle, ;
 M: vector #return, #return node, ;
 M: vector #enter-recursive, #enter-recursive node, ;
 M: vector #return-recursive, #return-recursive node, ;
diff --git a/basis/compiler/tree/tuple-unboxing/tuple-unboxing.factor b/basis/compiler/tree/tuple-unboxing/tuple-unboxing.factor
index 8e07c08194..52903fce8d 100644
--- a/basis/compiler/tree/tuple-unboxing/tuple-unboxing.factor
+++ b/basis/compiler/tree/tuple-unboxing/tuple-unboxing.factor
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ M: #push unbox-tuples* ( #push -- nodes )
     [ dup unboxed-allocation [ (flatten-values) ] [ ] ?if ] map ;
 
 : flatten-values ( values -- values' )
-    (flatten-values) flatten ;
+    dup empty? [ (flatten-values) flatten ] unless ;
 
 : prepare-slot-access ( #call -- tuple-values outputs slot-values )
     [ in-d>> flatten-values ]
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ M: #push unbox-tuples* ( #push -- nodes )
     ] tri ;
 
 : slot-access-shuffle ( tuple-values outputs slot-values -- #shuffle )
-    [ drop ] [ zip ] 2bi #shuffle ;
+    [ drop ] [ zip ] 2bi #data-shuffle ;
 
 : unbox-slot-access ( #call -- nodes )
     dup out-d>> first unboxed-slot-access? [
@@ -77,17 +77,11 @@ M: #copy unbox-tuples*
     [ flatten-values ] change-in-d
     [ flatten-values ] change-out-d ;
 
-M: #>r unbox-tuples*
-    [ flatten-values ] change-in-d
-    [ flatten-values ] change-out-r ;
-
-M: #r> unbox-tuples*
-    [ flatten-values ] change-in-r
-    [ flatten-values ] change-out-d ;
-
 M: #shuffle unbox-tuples*
     [ flatten-values ] change-in-d
     [ flatten-values ] change-out-d
+    [ flatten-values ] change-in-r
+    [ flatten-values ] change-out-r
     [ unzip [ flatten-values ] bi@ zip ] change-mapping ;
 
 M: #terminate unbox-tuples*
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
index a23301c1e2..c61967fc8a 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
@@ -2,36 +2,42 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax sequences ;
 IN: concurrency.combinators
 
 HELP: parallel-map
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- newelt )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- newelt )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
 { $description "Spawns a new thread for applying " { $snippet "quot" } " to every element of " { $snippet "seq" } ", collecting the results at the end." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if one of the iterations throws an error." } ;
 
 HELP: 2parallel-map
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- newelt )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- newelt )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
 { $description "Spawns a new thread for applying " { $snippet "quot" } " to pairwise elements of " { $snippet "seq1" } " and " { $snippet "seq2" } ", collecting the results at the end." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if one of the iterations throws an error." } ;
 
 HELP: parallel-each
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
 { $description "Spawns a new thread for applying " { $snippet "quot" } " to every element of " { $snippet "seq" } ", blocking until all quotations complete." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if one of the iterations throws an error." } ;
 
 HELP: 2parallel-each
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
 { $description "Spawns a new thread for applying " { $snippet "quot" } " to pairwise elements of " { $snippet "seq1" } " and " { $snippet "seq2" } ", blocking until all quotations complete." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if one of the iterations throws an error." } ;
 
 HELP: parallel-filter
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "newseq" sequence } }
 { $description "Spawns a new thread for applying " { $snippet "quot" } " to every element of " { $snippet "seq" } ", collecting the elements for which the quotation yielded a true value." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if one of the iterations throws an error." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "concurrency.combinators" "Concurrent combinators"
-"The " { $vocab-link "concurrency.combinators" } " vocabulary provides concurrent variants of " { $link each } ", " { $link map } " and " { $link filter } ":"
+"The " { $vocab-link "concurrency.combinators" } " vocabulary provides concurrent variants of various combinators."
+$nl
+"Concurrent sequence combinators:"
 { $subsection parallel-each }
 { $subsection 2parallel-each }
 { $subsection parallel-map }
 { $subsection 2parallel-map }
-{ $subsection parallel-filter } ;
+{ $subsection parallel-filter }
+"Concurrent cleave combinators:"
+{ $subsection parallel-cleave }
+{ $subsection parallel-spread }
+{ $subsection parallel-napply } ;
 
 ABOUT: "concurrency.combinators"
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-tests.factor b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-tests.factor
index 562111242d..1c2dea2d79 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 IN: concurrency.combinators.tests
 USING: concurrency.combinators tools.test random kernel math 
-concurrency.mailboxes threads sequences accessors arrays ;
+concurrency.mailboxes threads sequences accessors arrays
+math.parser ;
 
 [ [ drop ] parallel-each ] must-infer
 { 2 0 } [ [ 2drop ] 2parallel-each ] must-infer-as
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ concurrency.mailboxes threads sequences accessors arrays ;
 
 [ { 1 4 9 } ] [ { 1 2 3 } [ sq ] parallel-map ] unit-test
 
-[ { 1 4 9 } ] [ { 1 2 3 } [ 1000 random sleep sq ] parallel-map ] unit-test
+[ { 1 4 9 } ] [ { 1 2 3 } [ 1000000 random sleep sq ] parallel-map ] unit-test
 
 [ { 1 2 3 } [ dup 2 mod 0 = [ "Even" throw ] when ] parallel-map ]
 [ error>> "Even" = ] must-fail-with
@@ -45,3 +46,10 @@ concurrency.mailboxes threads sequences accessors arrays ;
 ] unit-test
 
 [ { f } [ "OOPS" throw ] parallel-each ] must-fail
+
+[ "1a" "4b" "3c" ] [
+    2
+    { [ 1- ] [ sq ] [ 1+ ] } parallel-cleave
+    [ number>string ] 3 parallel-napply
+    { [ "a" append ] [ "b" append ] [ "c" append ] } parallel-spread
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators.factor b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators.factor
index ab3ca7ed4a..4608faf79b 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/combinators/combinators.factor
@@ -1,34 +1,58 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: concurrency.futures concurrency.count-downs sequences
-kernel ;
+kernel macros fry combinators generalizations ;
 IN: concurrency.combinators
 
 <PRIVATE
+
 : (parallel-each) ( n quot -- )
-    >r <count-down> r> keep await ; inline
+    [ <count-down> ] dip keep await ; inline
+
 PRIVATE>
 
 : parallel-each ( seq quot -- )
     over length [
-        [ >r curry r> spawn-stage ] 2curry each
+        '[ _ curry _ spawn-stage ] each
     ] (parallel-each) ; inline
 
 : 2parallel-each ( seq1 seq2 quot -- )
     2over min-length [
-        [ >r 2curry r> spawn-stage ] 2curry 2each
+        '[ _ 2curry _ spawn-stage ] 2each
     ] (parallel-each) ; inline
 
 : parallel-filter ( seq quot -- newseq )
-    over >r pusher >r each r> r> like ; inline
+    over [ pusher [ each ] dip ] dip like ; inline
 
 <PRIVATE
+
+: [future] ( quot -- quot' ) '[ _ curry future ] ; inline
+
 : future-values dup [ ?future ] change-each ; inline
+
 PRIVATE>
 
 : parallel-map ( seq quot -- newseq )
-    [ curry future ] curry map future-values ;
-    inline
+    [future] map future-values ; inline
 
 : 2parallel-map ( seq1 seq2 quot -- newseq )
-    [ 2curry future ] curry 2map future-values ;
+    '[ _ 2curry future ] 2map future-values ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: (parallel-spread) ( n -- spread-array )
+    [ ?future ] <repetition> ; inline
+
+: (parallel-cleave) ( quots -- quot-array spread-array )
+    [ [future] ] map dup length (parallel-spread) ; inline
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+MACRO: parallel-cleave ( quots -- )
+    (parallel-cleave) '[ _ cleave _ spread ] ;
+
+MACRO: parallel-spread ( quots -- )
+    (parallel-cleave) '[ _ spread _ spread ] ;
+
+MACRO: parallel-napply ( quot n -- )
+    [ [future] ] dip dup (parallel-spread) '[ _ _ napply _ spread ] ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/conditions/conditions.factor b/basis/concurrency/conditions/conditions.factor
index 43374d3127..11e624110c 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/conditions/conditions.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/conditions/conditions.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: deques threads kernel arrays sequences alarms ;
+USING: deques threads kernel arrays sequences alarms fry ;
 IN: concurrency.conditions
 
 : notify-1 ( deque -- )
@@ -12,15 +12,18 @@ IN: concurrency.conditions
 : queue-timeout ( queue timeout -- alarm )
     #! Add an alarm which removes the current thread from the
     #! queue, and resumes it, passing it a value of t.
-    >r [ self swap push-front* ] keep [
-        [ delete-node ] [ drop node-value ] 2bi
-        t swap resume-with
-    ] 2curry r> later ;
+    [
+        [ self swap push-front* ] keep '[
+            _ _
+            [ delete-node ] [ drop node-value ] 2bi
+            t swap resume-with
+        ]
+    ] dip later ;
 
 : wait ( queue timeout status -- )
     over [
-        >r queue-timeout [ drop ] r> suspend
+        [ queue-timeout [ drop ] ] dip suspend
         [ "Timeout" throw ] [ cancel-alarm ] if
     ] [
-        >r drop [ push-front ] curry r> suspend drop
+        [ drop '[ _ push-front ] ] dip suspend drop
     ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/count-downs/count-downs.factor b/basis/concurrency/count-downs/count-downs.factor
index c4bc92c688..d79cfbf1c9 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/count-downs/count-downs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/count-downs/count-downs.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: dlists kernel math concurrency.promises
-concurrency.mailboxes debugger accessors ;
+concurrency.mailboxes debugger accessors fry ;
 IN: concurrency.count-downs
 
 ! http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CountDownLatch.html
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ ERROR: count-down-already-done ;
     [ 1- >>n count-down-check ] if ;
 
 : await-timeout ( count-down timeout -- )
-    >r promise>> r> ?promise-timeout ?linked t assert= ;
+    [ promise>> ] dip ?promise-timeout ?linked t assert= ;
 
 : await ( count-down -- )
     f await-timeout ;
 
 : spawn-stage ( quot count-down -- )
-    [ [ count-down ] curry compose ] keep
+    [ '[ @ _ count-down ] ] keep
     "Count down stage"
     swap promise>> mailbox>> spawn-linked-to drop ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/distributed/distributed-tests.factor b/basis/concurrency/distributed/distributed-tests.factor
index 528e1956b8..1087823aa0 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/distributed/distributed-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/distributed/distributed-tests.factor
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ concurrency.messaging continuations accessors prettyprint ;
 
 [ ] [
     [
-        receive first2 >r 3 + r> send
+        receive first2 [ 3 + ] dip send
         "thread-a" unregister-process
     ] "Thread A" spawn
     "thread-a" swap register-process
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/exchangers/exchangers.factor b/basis/concurrency/exchangers/exchangers.factor
index 6b44886eda..97b3c14fe4 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/exchangers/exchangers.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/exchangers/exchangers.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel threads boxes accessors ;
+USING: kernel threads boxes accessors fry ;
 IN: concurrency.exchangers
 
 ! Motivated by
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ TUPLE: exchanger thread object ;
 : exchange ( obj exchanger -- newobj )
     dup thread>> occupied>> [
         dup object>> box>
-        >r thread>> box> resume-with r>
+        [ thread>> box> resume-with ] dip
     ] [
         [ object>> >box ] keep
-        [ thread>> >box ] curry "exchange" suspend
+        '[ _ thread>> >box ] "exchange" suspend
     ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/flags/flags-tests.factor b/basis/concurrency/flags/flags-tests.factor
index 9d3f6de98c..a666293316 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/flags/flags-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/flags/flags-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 IN: concurrency.flags.tests
 USING: tools.test concurrency.flags concurrency.combinators
-kernel threads locals accessors ;
+kernel threads locals accessors calendar ;
 
-:: flag-test-1 ( -- )
+:: flag-test-1 ( -- val )
     [let | f [ <flag> ] |
         [ f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
         f lower-flag
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ kernel threads locals accessors ;
 
 :: flag-test-2 ( -- )
     [let | f [ <flag> ] |
-        [ 1000 sleep f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
+        [ 1 seconds sleep f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
         f lower-flag
         f value>>
     ] ;
 
 [ f ] [ flag-test-2 ] unit-test
 
-:: flag-test-3 ( -- )
+:: flag-test-3 ( -- val )
     [let | f [ <flag> ] |
         f raise-flag
         f value>>
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ kernel threads locals accessors ;
 
 [ t ] [ flag-test-3 ] unit-test
 
-:: flag-test-4 ( -- )
+:: flag-test-4 ( -- val )
     [let | f [ <flag> ] |
         [ f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
         f wait-for-flag
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ kernel threads locals accessors ;
 
 [ t ] [ flag-test-4 ] unit-test
 
-:: flag-test-5 ( -- )
+:: flag-test-5 ( -- val )
     [let | f [ <flag> ] |
-        [ 1000 sleep f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
+        [ 1 seconds sleep f raise-flag ] "Flag test" spawn drop
         f wait-for-flag
         f value>>
     ] ;
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ kernel threads locals accessors ;
 
 [ ] [
     { 1 2 } <flag>
-    [ [ 1000 sleep raise-flag ] curry "Flag test" spawn drop ]
+    [ [ 1 seconds sleep raise-flag ] curry "Flag test" spawn drop ]
     [ [ wait-for-flag drop ] curry parallel-each ] bi
 ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/flags/flags.factor b/basis/concurrency/flags/flags.factor
index ec260961d0..c65171a3f0 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/flags/flags.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/flags/flags.factor
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ TUPLE: flag value threads ;
     dup value>> [ drop ] [ t >>value threads>> notify-all ] if ;
 
 : wait-for-flag-timeout ( flag timeout -- )
-    over value>> [ 2drop ] [ >r threads>> r> "flag" wait ] if ;
+    over value>> [ 2drop ] [ [ threads>> ] dip "flag" wait ] if ;
 
 : wait-for-flag ( flag -- )
     f wait-for-flag-timeout ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/futures/futures-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/futures/futures-docs.factor
index 99b4bb6e81..3d2ac552de 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/futures/futures-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/futures/futures-docs.factor
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Chris Double, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: concurrency.promises concurrency.messaging kernel arrays
-continuations help.markup help.syntax quotations ;
+continuations help.markup help.syntax quotations calendar ;
 IN: concurrency.futures
 
 HELP: future
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- value )" } } { "future" future } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( -- value )" } } { "future" future } }
 { $description "Creates a deferred computation."
 $nl
 "The quotation begins with an empty data stack, an empty catch stack, and a name stack containing the global namespace only. This means that the only way to pass data to the quotation is to partially apply the data, for example using " { $link curry } " or " { $link compose } "." } ;
 
 HELP: ?future-timeout
-{ $values { "future" future } { "timeout" "a timeout in milliseconds or " { $link f } } { "value" object } }
-{ $description "Waits for a deferred computation to complete, blocking indefinitely if " { $snippet "timeout" } " is " { $link f } ", otherwise waiting up to " { $snippet "timeout" } " milliseconds." }
+{ $values { "future" future } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "value" object } }
+{ $description "Waits for a deferred computation to complete, blocking indefinitely if " { $snippet "timeout" } " is " { $link f } ", otherwise waiting up to the " { $snippet "timeout" } " before throwing an error." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the timeout expires before the computation completes. Also throws an error if the future quotation threw an error." } ;
 
 HELP: ?future
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/futures/futures.factor b/basis/concurrency/futures/futures.factor
index 132342aff1..a1f4f57af6 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/futures/futures.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/futures/futures.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Chris Double, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: concurrency.promises concurrency.mailboxes kernel arrays
-continuations accessors ;
+continuations accessors fry ;
 IN: concurrency.futures
 
 : future ( quot -- future )
     <promise> [
-        [ [ >r call r> fulfill ] 2curry "Future" ] keep
+        [ '[ @ _ fulfill ] "Future" ] keep
         mailbox>> spawn-linked-to drop
     ] keep ; inline
 
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-docs.factor
index a3cf2fc782..b74dcec384 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-docs.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ HELP: <reentrant-lock>
 { $description "Creates a reentrant lock." } ;
 
 HELP: with-lock-timeout
-{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation, ensuring that only one thread executes with the lock held at a time. If another thread is holding the lock, blocks until the thread releases the lock." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the lock could not be acquired before the timeout expires. A timeout value of " { $link f } " means the thread is willing to wait indefinitely." } ;
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ HELP: rw-lock
 { $class-description "The class of reader/writer locks." } ;
 
 HELP: with-read-lock-timeout
-{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation, ensuring that no other thread is holding a write lock at the same time. If another thread is holding a write lock, blocks until the thread releases the lock." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the lock could not be acquired before the timeout expires. A timeout value of " { $link f } " means the thread is willing to wait indefinitely." } ;
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ HELP: with-read-lock
 { $description "Calls the quotation, ensuring that no other thread is holding a write lock at the same time. If another thread is holding a write lock, blocks until the thread releases the lock." } ;
 
 HELP: with-write-lock-timeout
-{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "lock" lock } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation, ensuring that no other thread is holding a read or write lock at the same time. If another thread is holding a read or write lock, blocks until the thread releases the lock." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the lock could not be acquired before the timeout expires. A timeout value of " { $link f } " means the thread is willing to wait indefinitely." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-tests.factor b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-tests.factor
index 67f9bbb15a..8f82aa88ba 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks-tests.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ USING: tools.test concurrency.locks concurrency.count-downs
 concurrency.messaging concurrency.mailboxes locals kernel
 threads sequences calendar accessors ;
 
-:: lock-test-0 ( -- )
+:: lock-test-0 ( -- v )
     [let | v [ V{ } clone ]
            c [ 2 <count-down> ] |
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
            v
     ] ;
 
-:: lock-test-1 ( -- )
+:: lock-test-1 ( -- v )
     [let | v [ V{ } clone ]
            l [ <lock> ]
            c [ 2 <count-down> ] |
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
 
 [ ] [ <rw-lock> dup [ [ ] with-read-lock ] with-write-lock ] unit-test
 
-:: rw-lock-test-1 ( -- )
+:: rw-lock-test-1 ( -- v )
     [let | l [ <rw-lock> ]
            c [ 1 <count-down> ]
            c' [ 1 <count-down> ]
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
                c await
                l [
                    4 v push
-                   1000 sleep
+                   1 seconds sleep
                    5 v push
                ] with-write-lock
                c'' count-down
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
 
 [ V{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 } ] [ rw-lock-test-1 ] unit-test
 
-:: rw-lock-test-2 ( -- )
+:: rw-lock-test-2 ( -- v )
     [let | l [ <rw-lock> ]
            c [ 1 <count-down> ]
            c' [ 2 <count-down> ]
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
                l [
                    1 v push
                    c count-down
-                   1000 sleep
+                   1 seconds sleep
                    2 v push
                ] with-write-lock
                c' count-down
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
 [ V{ 1 2 3 } ] [ rw-lock-test-2 ] unit-test
 
 ! Test lock timeouts
-:: lock-timeout-test ( -- )
+:: lock-timeout-test ( -- v )
     [let | l [ <lock> ] |
         [
             l [ 1 seconds sleep ] with-lock
@@ -177,19 +177,6 @@ threads sequences calendar accessors ;
     thread>> name>> "Lock timeout-er" =
 ] must-fail-with
 
-:: read/write-test ( -- )
-    [let | l [ <lock> ] |
-        [
-            l [ 1 seconds sleep ] with-lock
-        ] "Lock holder" spawn drop
-
-        [
-            l 1/10 seconds [ ] with-lock-timeout
-        ] "Lock timeout-er" spawn-linked drop
-
-        receive
-    ] ;
-
 [
     <rw-lock> dup [
         1 seconds [ ] with-write-lock-timeout
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks.factor b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks.factor
index 8c1392dbfb..0094f3323d 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/locks/locks.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/locks/locks.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: deques dlists kernel threads continuations math
-concurrency.conditions combinators.short-circuit accessors ;
+concurrency.conditions combinators.short-circuit accessors
+locals ;
 IN: concurrency.locks
 
 ! Simple critical sections
@@ -17,16 +18,16 @@ TUPLE: lock threads owner reentrant? ;
 
 : acquire-lock ( lock timeout -- )
     over owner>>
-    [ 2dup >r threads>> r> "lock" wait ] when drop
+    [ 2dup [ threads>> ] dip "lock" wait ] when drop
     self >>owner drop ;
 
 : release-lock ( lock -- )
     f >>owner
     threads>> notify-1 ;
 
-: do-lock ( lock timeout quot acquire release -- )
-    >r >r pick rot r> call ! use up  timeout acquire
-    swap r> curry [ ] cleanup ; inline
+:: do-lock ( lock timeout quot acquire release -- )
+    lock timeout acquire call
+    quot lock release curry [ ] cleanup ; inline
 
 : (with-lock) ( lock timeout quot -- )
     [ acquire-lock ] [ release-lock ] do-lock ; inline
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ TUPLE: rw-lock readers writers reader# writer ;
 
 : acquire-read-lock ( lock timeout -- )
     over writer>>
-    [ 2dup >r readers>> r> "read lock" wait ] when drop
+    [ 2dup [ readers>> ] dip "read lock" wait ] when drop
     add-reader ;
 
 : notify-writer ( lock -- )
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ TUPLE: rw-lock readers writers reader# writer ;
 
 : acquire-write-lock ( lock timeout -- )
     over writer>> pick reader#>> 0 > or
-    [ 2dup >r writers>> r> "write lock" wait ] when drop
+    [ 2dup [ writers>> ] dip "write lock" wait ] when drop
     self >>writer drop ;
 
 : release-write-lock ( lock -- )
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes-docs.factor
index a9b86e3bcd..234fb27d60 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes-docs.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel arrays ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel arrays calendar ;
 IN: concurrency.mailboxes
 
 HELP: <mailbox>
@@ -18,46 +18,41 @@ HELP: mailbox-put
 { $description "Put the object into the mailbox. Any threads that have a blocking get on the mailbox are resumed. Only one of those threads will successfully get the object, the rest will immediately block waiting for the next item in the mailbox." } ;
 
 HELP: block-unless-pred
-{ $values { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( X -- bool )" } } 
-          { "mailbox" mailbox }
-          { "timeout" "a timeout in milliseconds, or " { $link f } }
+{ $values { "pred" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } } 
+    { "mailbox" mailbox }
+    { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } }
 }
 { $description "Block the thread if there are no items in the mailbox that return true when the predicate is called with the item on the stack." } ;
 
 HELP: block-if-empty
 { $values { "mailbox" mailbox } 
-      { "timeout" "a timeout in milliseconds, or " { $link f } }
+    { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } }
 }
 { $description "Block the thread if the mailbox is empty." } ;
 
 HELP: mailbox-get
-{ $values { "mailbox" mailbox } 
-          { "obj" object }
-}
+{ $values { "mailbox" mailbox } { "obj" object } }
 { $description "Get the first item put into the mailbox. If it is empty the thread blocks until an item is put into it. The thread then resumes, leaving the item on the stack." } ;
 
 HELP: mailbox-get-all
-{ $values { "mailbox" mailbox } 
-          { "array" array }
-}
+{ $values { "mailbox" mailbox } { "array" array } }
 { $description "Blocks the thread if the mailbox is empty, otherwise removes all objects in the mailbox and returns an array containing the objects." } ;
 
 HELP: while-mailbox-empty
 { $values { "mailbox" mailbox } 
-          { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- )" } }
+          { "quot" { $quotation "( -- )" } }
 }
 { $description "Repeatedly call the quotation while there are no items in the mailbox." } ;
 
 HELP: mailbox-get?
 { $values { "mailbox" mailbox } 
-          { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( X -- bool )" } }
+          { "pred" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } }
           { "obj" object }
 }
-{ $description "Get the first item in the mailbox which satisfies the predicate. 'pred' will be called repeatedly for each item in the mailbox. When 'pred' returns true that item will be returned. If nothing in the mailbox satisfies the predicate then the thread will block until something does." } ;
-
+{ $description "Get the first item in the mailbox which satisfies the predicate. When the predicate returns true that item will be returned. If nothing in the mailbox satisfies the predicate then the thread will block until something does." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "concurrency.mailboxes" "Mailboxes"
-"A " { $emphasis "mailbox" } " is a first-in-first-out queue where the operation of removing an element blocks if the queue is empty, instead of throwing an error. Mailboxes are implemented in the " { $vocab-link "concurrency.mailboxes" } " vocabulary."
+"A " { $emphasis "mailbox" } " is a first-in-first-out queue where the operation of removing an element blocks if the queue is empty. Mailboxes are implemented in the " { $vocab-link "concurrency.mailboxes" } " vocabulary."
 { $subsection mailbox }
 { $subsection <mailbox> }
 "Removing the first element:"
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes.factor b/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes.factor
index 39b21e0943..63707041a2 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/mailboxes/mailboxes.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ IN: concurrency.mailboxes
 USING: dlists deques threads sequences continuations
 destructors namespaces math quotations words kernel
 arrays assocs init system concurrency.conditions accessors
-debugger debugger.threads locals ;
+debugger debugger.threads locals fry ;
 
 TUPLE: mailbox threads data disposed ;
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ M: mailbox dispose* threads>> notify-all ;
     [ threads>> notify-all ] bi yield ;
 
 : wait-for-mailbox ( mailbox timeout -- )
-    >r threads>> r> "mailbox" wait ;
+    [ threads>> ] dip "mailbox" wait ;
 
 :: block-unless-pred ( mailbox timeout pred: ( message -- ? ) -- )
     mailbox check-disposed
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ M: mailbox dispose* threads>> notify-all ;
     f mailbox-get-all-timeout ;
 
 : while-mailbox-empty ( mailbox quot -- )
-    [ [ mailbox-empty? ] curry ] dip [ ] while ; inline
+    [ '[ _ mailbox-empty? ] ] dip [ ] while ; inline
 
 : mailbox-get-timeout? ( mailbox timeout pred -- obj )
     [ block-unless-pred ]
-    [ nip >r data>> r> delete-node-if ]
+    [ [ drop data>> ] dip delete-node-if ]
     3bi ; inline
 
 : mailbox-get? ( mailbox pred -- obj )
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ M: linked-thread error-in-thread
     [ <linked-error> ] [ supervisor>> ] bi mailbox-put ;
 
 : <linked-thread> ( quot name mailbox -- thread' )
-    >r linked-thread new-thread r> >>supervisor ;
+    [ linked-thread new-thread ] dip >>supervisor ;
 
 : spawn-linked-to ( quot name mailbox -- thread )
     <linked-thread> [ (spawn) ] keep ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging-docs.factor
index 6c9e530d9b..25538cd594 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging-docs.factor
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ ARTICLE: { "concurrency" "synchronous-sends" } "Synchronous sends"
 { $example
     "USING: concurrency.messaging kernel threads ;"
     ": pong-server ( -- )"
-    "    receive >r \"pong\" r> reply-synchronous ;"
+    "    receive [ \"pong\" ] dip reply-synchronous ;"
     "[ pong-server t ] \"pong-server\" spawn-server"
     "\"ping\" swap send-synchronous ."
     "\"pong\""
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging.factor b/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging.factor
index 9aeb24ed72..7a00f62e9e 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/messaging/messaging.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Chris Double, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-!
-! Concurrency library for Factor, based on Erlang/Termite style
-! concurrency.
 USING: kernel threads concurrency.mailboxes continuations
-namespaces assocs accessors summary ;
+namespaces assocs accessors summary fry ;
 IN: concurrency.messaging
 
 GENERIC: send ( message thread -- )
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ M: thread send ( message thread -- )
     my-mailbox -rot mailbox-get-timeout? ?linked ; inline
 
 : rethrow-linked ( error process supervisor -- )
-    >r <linked-error> r> send ;
+    [ <linked-error> ] dip send ;
 
 : spawn-linked ( quot name -- thread )
     my-mailbox spawn-linked-to ;
@@ -48,9 +45,7 @@ TUPLE: reply data tag ;
     tag>> \ reply boa ;
 
 : synchronous-reply? ( response synchronous -- ? )
-    over reply?
-    [ >r tag>> r> tag>> = ]
-    [ 2drop f ] if ;
+    over reply? [ [ tag>> ] bi@ = ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
 ERROR: cannot-send-synchronous-to-self message thread ;
 
@@ -61,8 +56,8 @@ M: cannot-send-synchronous-to-self summary
     dup self eq? [
         cannot-send-synchronous-to-self
     ] [
-        >r <synchronous> dup r> send
-        [ synchronous-reply? ] curry receive-if
+        [ <synchronous> dup ] dip send
+        '[ _ synchronous-reply? ] receive-if
         data>>
     ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/promises/promises-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/promises/promises-docs.factor
index 6a4a2bf8d6..8e160842a9 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/promises/promises-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/promises/promises-docs.factor
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ HELP: promise-fulfilled?
 { $description "Tests if " { $link fulfill } " has previously been called on the promise, in which case " { $link ?promise } " will return immediately without blocking." } ;
 
 HELP: ?promise-timeout
-{ $values { "promise" promise } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "result" object } }
-{ $description "Waits for another thread to fulfill a promise, returning immediately if the promise has already been fulfilled. A timeout of " { $link f } " indicates that the thread may block indefinitely, otherwise it will wait up to " { $snippet "timeout" } " milliseconds." }
+{ $values { "promise" promise } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "result" object } }
+{ $description "Waits for another thread to fulfill a promise, returning immediately if the promise has already been fulfilled. A timeout of " { $link f } " indicates that the thread may block indefinitely, otherwise it will wait up to the " { $snippet "timeout" } " before throwing an error." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the timeout expires before the promise has been fulfilled." } ;
 
 HELP: ?promise
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/promises/promises.factor b/basis/concurrency/promises/promises.factor
index 382697e04f..2ff338c4e3 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/promises/promises.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/promises/promises.factor
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ERROR: promise-already-fulfilled promise ;
     ] if ;
 
 : ?promise-timeout ( promise timeout -- result )
-    >r mailbox>> r> block-if-empty mailbox-peek ;
+    [ mailbox>> ] dip block-if-empty mailbox-peek ;
 
 : ?promise ( promise -- result )
     f ?promise-timeout ;
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores-docs.factor b/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores-docs.factor
index 379fd6a3a0..c86623f86f 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores-docs.factor
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ HELP: <semaphore>
 { $description "Creates a counting semaphore with the specified initial count." } ;
 
 HELP: acquire-timeout
-{ $values { "semaphore" semaphore } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "semaphore" semaphore } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } }
 { $description "If the semaphore has a non-zero count, decrements it and returns immediately. Otherwise, if the timeout is " { $link f } ", waits indefinitely for the semaphore to be released. If the timeout is not " { $link f } ", waits a certain period of time, and if the semaphore still has not been released, throws an error." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the timeout expires before the semaphore is released." } ;
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ HELP: release
 { $description "Increments a semaphore's count. If the count was previously zero, any threads waiting on the semaphore are woken up." } ;
 
 HELP: with-semaphore-timeout
-{ $values { "semaphore" semaphore } { "timeout" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "semaphore" semaphore } { "timeout" { $maybe duration } } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation with the semaphore held." } ;
 
 HELP: with-semaphore
diff --git a/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores.factor b/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores.factor
index 1b55c7afa5..59518f4c8d 100644
--- a/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores.factor
+++ b/basis/concurrency/semaphores/semaphores.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: dlists kernel threads math concurrency.conditions
-continuations accessors summary ;
+continuations accessors summary locals fry ;
 IN: concurrency.semaphores
 
 TUPLE: semaphore count threads ;
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ M: negative-count-semaphore summary
     [ 1+ ] change-count
     threads>> notify-1 ;
 
-: with-semaphore-timeout ( semaphore timeout quot -- )
-    pick rot acquire-timeout swap
-    [ release ] curry [ ] cleanup ; inline
+:: with-semaphore-timeout ( semaphore timeout quot -- )
+    semaphore timeout acquire-timeout
+    quot [ semaphore release ] [ ] cleanup ; inline
 
 : with-semaphore ( semaphore quot -- )
-    over acquire swap [ release ] curry [ ] cleanup ; inline
+    swap dup acquire '[ _ release ] [ ] cleanup ; inline
diff --git a/basis/core-foundation/core-foundation.factor b/basis/core-foundation/core-foundation.factor
index 00bf73e9dd..8e5051e75d 100644
--- a/basis/core-foundation/core-foundation.factor
+++ b/basis/core-foundation/core-foundation.factor
@@ -90,25 +90,25 @@ FUNCTION: CFTypeID CFGetTypeID ( CFTypeRef cf ) ;
 : <CFArray> ( seq -- alien )
     [ f swap length f CFArrayCreateMutable ] keep
     [ length ] keep
-    [ >r dupd r> CFArraySetValueAtIndex ] 2each ;
+    [ [ dupd ] dip CFArraySetValueAtIndex ] 2each ;
 
 : <CFString> ( string -- alien )
     f swap dup length CFStringCreateWithCharacters ;
 
 : CF>string ( alien -- string )
     dup CFStringGetLength 1+ "ushort" <c-array> [
-        >r 0 over CFStringGetLength r> CFStringGetCharacters
+        [ 0 over CFStringGetLength ] dip CFStringGetCharacters
     ] keep utf16n alien>string ;
 
 : CF>string-array ( alien -- seq )
     CF>array [ CF>string ] map ;
 
 : <CFStringArray> ( seq -- alien )
-    [ <CFString> ] map dup <CFArray> swap [ CFRelease ] each ;
+    [ <CFString> ] map [ <CFArray> ] [ [ CFRelease ] each ] bi ;
 
 : <CFFileSystemURL> ( string dir? -- url )
-    >r <CFString> f over kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle
-    r> CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath swap CFRelease ;
+    [ <CFString> f over kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle ] dip
+    CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath swap CFRelease ;
 
 : <CFURL> ( string -- url )
     <CFString>
diff --git a/basis/core-foundation/fsevents/fsevents.factor b/basis/core-foundation/fsevents/fsevents.factor
index 6bec4b23c0..d4d5e88512 100644
--- a/basis/core-foundation/fsevents/fsevents.factor
+++ b/basis/core-foundation/fsevents/fsevents.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ USING: alien alien.c-types alien.strings alien.syntax kernel
 math sequences namespaces make assocs init accessors
 continuations combinators core-foundation
 core-foundation.run-loop core-foundation.run-loop.thread
-io.encodings.utf8 destructors ;
+io.encodings.utf8 destructors locals arrays
+specialized-arrays.direct.alien specialized-arrays.direct.int
+specialized-arrays.direct.longlong ;
 IN: core-foundation.fsevents
 
 : kFSEventStreamCreateFlagUseCFTypes 2 ; inline
@@ -105,15 +107,14 @@ FUNCTION: CFStringRef FSEventStreamCopyDescription ( FSEventStreamRef streamRef
     "FSEventStreamContext" <c-object>
     [ set-FSEventStreamContext-info ] keep ;
 
-: <FSEventStream> ( callback info paths latency flags -- event-stream )
-    >r >r >r >r >r
+:: <FSEventStream> ( callback info paths latency flags -- event-stream )
     f ! allocator
-    r> ! callback
-    r> make-FSEventStreamContext
-    r> <CFStringArray> ! paths
+    callback
+    info make-FSEventStreamContext
+    paths <CFStringArray>
     FSEventStreamEventIdSinceNow ! sinceWhen
-    r> ! latency
-    r> ! flags
+    latency
+    flags
     FSEventStreamCreate ;
 
 : kCFRunLoopCommonModes ( -- string )
@@ -161,13 +162,12 @@ SYMBOL: event-stream-callbacks
 : remove-event-source-callback ( id -- )
     event-stream-callbacks get delete-at ;
 
-: >event-triple ( n eventPaths eventFlags eventIds -- triple )
-    [
-        >r >r >r dup dup
-        r> void*-nth utf8 alien>string ,
-        r> int-nth ,
-        r> longlong-nth ,
-    ] { } make ;
+:: (master-event-source-callback) ( eventStream info numEvents eventPaths eventFlags eventIds -- )
+    eventPaths numEvents <direct-void*-array> [ utf8 alien>string ] { } map-as
+    eventFlags numEvents <direct-int-array>
+    eventIds numEvents <direct-longlong-array>
+    3array flip
+    info event-stream-callbacks get at [ drop ] or call ;
 
 : master-event-source-callback ( -- alien )
     "void"
@@ -179,19 +179,15 @@ SYMBOL: event-stream-callbacks
         "FSEventStreamEventFlags*"
         "FSEventStreamEventId*"
     }
-    "cdecl" [
-        [ >event-triple ] 3curry map
-        swap event-stream-callbacks get at
-        dup [ call drop ] [ 3drop ] if
-    ] alien-callback ;
+    "cdecl" [ (master-event-source-callback) ] alien-callback ;
 
 TUPLE: event-stream info handle disposed ;
 
 : <event-stream> ( quot paths latency flags -- event-stream )
-    >r >r >r
-    add-event-source-callback dup
-    >r master-event-source-callback r>
-    r> r> r> <FSEventStream>
+    [
+        add-event-source-callback dup
+        [ master-event-source-callback ] dip
+    ] 3dip <FSEventStream>
     dup enable-event-stream
     f event-stream boa ;
 
diff --git a/basis/core-foundation/run-loop/run-loop.factor b/basis/core-foundation/run-loop/run-loop.factor
index e30cc2eb60..9a5666b5d3 100644
--- a/basis/core-foundation/run-loop/run-loop.factor
+++ b/basis/core-foundation/run-loop/run-loop.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien.syntax kernel threads init namespaces alien
-core-foundation ;
+core-foundation calendar ;
 IN: core-foundation.run-loop
 
 : kCFRunLoopRunFinished 1 ; inline
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ FUNCTION: SInt32 CFRunLoopRunInMode (
 
 : run-loop-thread ( -- )
     CFRunLoopDefaultMode 0 f CFRunLoopRunInMode
-    kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource = [ 1000 sleep ] unless
+    kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource = [ 1 seconds sleep ] unless
     run-loop-thread ;
 
 : start-run-loop-thread ( -- )
diff --git a/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor b/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
index b0b5b048d9..12b6809df9 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/architecture/architecture.factor
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ HOOK: %call cpu ( word -- )
 HOOK: %jump-label cpu ( label -- )
 HOOK: %return cpu ( -- )
 
-HOOK: %dispatch cpu ( src temp -- )
+HOOK: %dispatch cpu ( src temp offset -- )
 HOOK: %dispatch-label cpu ( word -- )
 
 HOOK: %slot cpu ( dst obj slot tag temp -- )
@@ -77,6 +77,13 @@ HOOK: %shr-imm cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %sar-imm cpu ( dst src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %not     cpu ( dst src -- )
 
+HOOK: %fixnum-add cpu ( src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %fixnum-add-tail cpu ( src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %fixnum-sub cpu ( src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %fixnum-sub-tail cpu ( src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %fixnum-mul cpu ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+HOOK: %fixnum-mul-tail cpu ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+
 HOOK: %integer>bignum cpu ( dst src temp -- )
 HOOK: %bignum>integer cpu ( dst src temp -- )
 
@@ -119,9 +126,9 @@ HOOK: %gc cpu ( -- )
 HOOK: %prologue cpu ( n -- )
 HOOK: %epilogue cpu ( n -- )
 
-HOOK: %compare cpu ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
-HOOK: %compare-imm cpu ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
-HOOK: %compare-float cpu ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %compare cpu ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %compare-imm cpu ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
+HOOK: %compare-float cpu ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
 
 HOOK: %compare-branch cpu ( label cc src1 src2 -- )
 HOOK: %compare-imm-branch cpu ( label cc src1 src2 -- )
@@ -141,10 +148,10 @@ HOOK: %loop-entry cpu ( -- )
 HOOK: small-enough? cpu ( n -- ? )
 
 ! Is this structure small enough to be returned in registers?
-HOOK: struct-small-enough? cpu ( heap-size -- ? )
+HOOK: struct-small-enough? cpu ( c-type -- ? )
 
-! Do we pass value structs by value or hidden reference?
-HOOK: value-structs? cpu ( -- ? )
+! Do we pass this struct by value or hidden reference?
+HOOK: value-struct? cpu ( c-type -- ? )
 
 ! If t, all parameters are shadowed by dummy stack parameters
 HOOK: dummy-stack-params? cpu ( -- ? )
@@ -207,14 +214,3 @@ M: object %callback-return drop %return ;
 M: stack-params param-reg drop ;
 
 M: stack-params param-regs drop f ;
-
-: if-small-struct ( n size true false -- ? )
-    [ 2dup [ not ] [ struct-small-enough? ] bi* and ] 2dip
-    [ '[ nip @ ] ] dip if ;
-    inline
-
-: %unbox-struct ( n c-type -- )
-    [ %unbox-small-struct ] [ %unbox-large-struct ] if-small-struct ;
-
-: %box-struct ( n c-type -- )
-    [ %box-small-struct ] [ %box-large-struct ] if-small-struct ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/bootstrap.factor
index 9bf88185c5..d22ff4d615 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/bootstrap.factor
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ big-endian on
 
 [
     0 6 LOAD32
-    6 dup 0 LWZ
     11 6 profile-count-offset LWZ
     11 11 1 tag-fixnum ADDI
     11 6 profile-count-offset STW
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ big-endian on
     11 11 compiled-header-size ADDI
     11 MTCTR
     BCTR
-] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-literal 1 jit-profiling jit-define
+] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-immediate 1 jit-profiling jit-define
 
 [
     0 6 LOAD32
@@ -44,12 +43,6 @@ big-endian on
     0 1 lr-save stack-frame + STW
 ] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-label 1 jit-prolog jit-define
 
-[
-    0 6 LOAD32
-    6 dup 0 LWZ
-    6 ds-reg 4 STWU
-] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-literal 1 jit-push-literal jit-define
-
 [
     0 6 LOAD32
     6 ds-reg 4 STWU
@@ -57,7 +50,12 @@ big-endian on
 
 [
     0 6 LOAD32
-    4 1 MR
+    7 6 0 LWZ
+    1 7 0 STW
+] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-stack-chain 1 jit-save-stack jit-define
+
+[
+    0 6 LOAD32
     6 MTCTR
     BCTR
 ] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-primitive 1 jit-primitive jit-define
@@ -66,7 +64,19 @@ big-endian on
 
 [ 0 B ] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 0 jit-word-jump jit-define
 
-: jit-call-quot ( -- )
+[
+    3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
+    0 3 \ f tag-number CMPI
+    2 BEQ
+    0 B
+] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 4 jit-if-1 jit-define
+
+[
+    0 B
+] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 0 jit-if-2 jit-define
+
+: jit-jump-quot ( -- )
     4 3 quot-xt-offset LWZ
     4 MTCTR
     BCTR ;
@@ -74,24 +84,76 @@ big-endian on
 [
     0 3 LOAD32
     6 ds-reg 0 LWZ
-    0 6 \ f tag-number CMPI
-    2 BNE
-    3 3 4 ADDI
-    3 3 0 LWZ
-    ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
-    jit-call-quot
-] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-literal 1 jit-if-jump jit-define
-
-[
-    0 3 LOAD32
-    3 3 0 LWZ
-    6 ds-reg 0 LWZ
     6 6 1 SRAWI
     3 3 6 ADD
     3 3 array-start-offset LWZ
     ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
-    jit-call-quot
-] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-literal 1 jit-dispatch jit-define
+    jit-jump-quot
+] rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-immediate 1 jit-dispatch jit-define
+
+: jit->r ( -- )
+    4 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
+    4 rs-reg 4 STWU ;
+
+: jit-2>r ( -- )
+    4 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    5 ds-reg -4 LWZ
+    ds-reg dup 8 SUBI
+    rs-reg dup 8 ADDI
+    4 rs-reg 0 STW
+    5 rs-reg -4 STW ;
+
+: jit-3>r ( -- )
+    4 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    5 ds-reg -4 LWZ
+    6 ds-reg -8 LWZ
+    ds-reg dup 12 SUBI
+    rs-reg dup 12 ADDI
+    4 rs-reg 0 STW
+    5 rs-reg -4 STW
+    6 rs-reg -8 STW ;
+
+: jit-r> ( -- )
+    4 rs-reg 0 LWZ
+    rs-reg dup 4 SUBI
+    4 ds-reg 4 STWU ;
+
+: jit-2r> ( -- )
+    4 rs-reg 0 LWZ
+    5 rs-reg -4 LWZ
+    rs-reg dup 8 SUBI
+    ds-reg dup 8 ADDI
+    4 ds-reg 0 STW
+    5 ds-reg -4 STW ;
+
+: jit-3r> ( -- )
+    4 rs-reg 0 LWZ
+    5 rs-reg -4 LWZ
+    6 rs-reg -8 LWZ
+    rs-reg dup 12 SUBI
+    ds-reg dup 12 ADDI
+    4 ds-reg 0 STW
+    5 ds-reg -4 STW
+    6 ds-reg -8 STW ;
+
+[
+    jit->r
+    0 BL
+    jit-r>
+] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 3 jit-dip jit-define
+
+[
+    jit-2>r
+    0 BL
+    jit-2r>
+] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 6 jit-2dip jit-define
+
+[
+    jit-3>r
+    0 BL
+    jit-3r>
+] rc-relative-ppc-3 rt-xt 8 jit-3dip jit-define
 
 [
     0 1 lr-save stack-frame + LWZ
@@ -107,7 +169,7 @@ big-endian on
 [
     3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
     ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
-    jit-call-quot
+    jit-jump-quot
 ] f f f \ (call) define-sub-primitive
 
 [
@@ -240,22 +302,13 @@ big-endian on
     4 ds-reg 0 STW
 ] f f f \ -rot define-sub-primitive
 
-[
-    3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
-    ds-reg dup 4 SUBI
-    3 rs-reg 4 STWU
-] f f f \ >r define-sub-primitive
+[ jit->r ] f f f \ >r define-sub-primitive
 
-[
-    3 rs-reg 0 LWZ
-    rs-reg dup 4 SUBI
-    3 ds-reg 4 STWU
-] f f f \ r> define-sub-primitive
+[ jit-r> ] f f f \ r> define-sub-primitive
 
 ! Comparisons
 : jit-compare ( insn -- )
     0 3 LOAD32
-    3 3 0 LWZ
     4 ds-reg 0 LWZ
     5 ds-reg -4 LWZU
     5 0 4 CMP
@@ -264,7 +317,7 @@ big-endian on
     3 ds-reg 0 STW ;
 
 : define-jit-compare ( insn word -- )
-    [ [ jit-compare ] curry rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-literal 1 ] dip
+    [ [ jit-compare ] curry rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rt-immediate 1 ] dip
     define-sub-primitive ;
 
 \ BEQ \ eq? define-jit-compare
@@ -274,6 +327,18 @@ big-endian on
 \ BLT \ fixnum< define-jit-compare
 
 ! Math
+[
+    3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    4 ds-reg -4 LWZ
+    3 3 4 OR
+    3 3 tag-mask get ANDI
+    \ f tag-number 4 LI
+    0 3 0 CMPI
+    2 BNE
+    1 tag-fixnum 4 LI
+    4 ds-reg 4 STWU
+] f f f \ both-fixnums? define-sub-primitive
+
 : jit-math ( insn -- )
     3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
     4 ds-reg -4 LWZU
@@ -330,12 +395,30 @@ big-endian on
     7 ds-reg 0 STW
 ] f f f \ fixnum-mod define-sub-primitive
 
+[
+    3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    ds-reg ds-reg 4 SUBI
+    4 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    5 4 3 DIVW
+    5 5 tag-bits get SLWI
+    5 ds-reg 0 STW
+] f f f \ fixnum/i-fast define-sub-primitive
+
+[
+    3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
+    4 ds-reg -4 LWZ
+    5 4 3 DIVW
+    6 5 3 MULLW
+    7 6 4 SUBF
+    5 5 tag-bits get SLWI
+    5 ds-reg -4 STW
+    7 ds-reg 0 STW
+] f f f \ fixnum/mod-fast define-sub-primitive
+
 [
     3 ds-reg 0 LWZ
     3 3 1 SRAWI
-    4 4 LI
-    4 3 4 SUBF
-    rs-reg 3 4 LWZX
+    rs-reg 3 3 LWZX
     3 ds-reg 0 STW
 ] f f f \ get-local define-sub-primitive
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/linux/linux.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/linux/linux.factor
index 090495aa11..5cfa1391c4 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/linux/linux.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/linux/linux.factor
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ M: linux lr-save 1 cells ;
 
 M: float-regs param-regs drop { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 } ;
 
-M: ppc value-structs? f ;
+M: ppc value-struct? drop f ;
 
 M: ppc dummy-stack-params? f ;
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/macosx/macosx.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/macosx/macosx.factor
index 877fb37d31..c742cf2ddc 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/macosx/macosx.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ M: macosx lr-save 2 cells ;
 
 M: float-regs param-regs drop { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 } ;
 
-M: ppc value-structs? t ;
+M: ppc value-struct? drop t ;
 
 M: ppc dummy-stack-params? t ;
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor b/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
index 49caae4bb8..6b51585750 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/ppc/ppc.factor
@@ -34,10 +34,11 @@ M: ppc two-operand? f ;
 
 M: ppc %load-immediate ( reg n -- ) swap LOAD ;
 
-M:: ppc %load-indirect ( reg obj -- )
-    0 reg LOAD32
-    obj rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-literal
-    reg reg 0 LWZ ;
+M: ppc %load-indirect ( reg obj -- )
+    [ 0 swap LOAD32 ] [ rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-immediate ] bi* ;
+
+: %load-dlsym ( symbol dll register -- )
+    0 swap LOAD32 rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-dlsym ;
 
 : ds-reg 29 ; inline
 : rs-reg 30 ; inline
@@ -111,10 +112,10 @@ M: ppc %call ( label -- ) BL ;
 M: ppc %jump-label ( label -- ) B ;
 M: ppc %return ( -- ) BLR ;
 
-M:: ppc %dispatch ( src temp -- )
-    0 temp LOAD32 rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-here
-    temp temp src ADD
-    temp temp 5 cells LWZ
+M:: ppc %dispatch ( src temp offset -- )
+    0 temp LOAD32
+    4 offset + cells rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-here
+    temp temp src LWZX
     temp MTCTR
     BCTR ;
 
@@ -166,6 +167,91 @@ M: ppc %shr-imm swapd SRWI ;
 M: ppc %sar-imm SRAWI ;
 M: ppc %not     NOT ;
 
+: %alien-invoke-tail ( func dll -- )
+    scratch-reg %load-dlsym scratch-reg MTCTR BCTR ;
+
+:: exchange-regs ( r1 r2 -- )
+    scratch-reg r1 MR
+    r1 r2 MR
+    r2 scratch-reg MR ;
+
+: ?MR ( r1 r2 -- ) 2dup = [ 2drop ] [ MR ] if ;
+
+:: move>args ( src1 src2 -- )
+    {
+        { [ src1 4 = ] [ 3 src2 ?MR 3 4 exchange-regs ] }
+        { [ src1 3 = ] [ 4 src2 ?MR ] }
+        { [ src2 3 = ] [ 4 src1 ?MR 3 4 exchange-regs ] }
+        { [ src2 4 = ] [ 3 src1 ?MR ] }
+        [ 3 src1 MR 4 src2 MR ]
+    } cond ;
+
+: clear-xer ( -- )
+    0 0 LI
+    0 MTXER ; inline
+
+:: overflow-template ( src1 src2 insn func -- )
+    "no-overflow" define-label
+    clear-xer
+    scratch-reg src2 src1 insn call
+    scratch-reg ds-reg 0 STW
+    "no-overflow" get BNO
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    func f %alien-invoke
+    "no-overflow" resolve-label ; inline
+
+:: overflow-template-tail ( src1 src2 insn func -- )
+    "overflow" define-label
+    clear-xer
+    scratch-reg src2 src1 insn call
+    "overflow" get BO
+    scratch-reg ds-reg 0 STW
+    BLR
+    "overflow" resolve-label
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    func f %alien-invoke-tail ; inline
+
+M: ppc %fixnum-add ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ ADDO. ] "overflow_fixnum_add" overflow-template ;
+
+M: ppc %fixnum-add-tail ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ ADDO. ] "overflow_fixnum_add" overflow-template-tail ;
+
+M: ppc %fixnum-sub ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ SUBFO. ] "overflow_fixnum_subtract" overflow-template ;
+
+M: ppc %fixnum-sub-tail ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ SUBFO. ] "overflow_fixnum_subtract" overflow-template-tail ;
+
+M:: ppc %fixnum-mul ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+    "no-overflow" define-label
+    clear-xer
+    temp1 src1 tag-bits get SRAWI
+    temp2 temp1 src2 MULLWO.
+    temp2 ds-reg 0 STW
+    "no-overflow" get BNO
+    src2 src2 tag-bits get SRAWI
+    temp1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    "overflow_fixnum_multiply" f %alien-invoke
+    "no-overflow" resolve-label ;
+
+M:: ppc %fixnum-mul-tail ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+    "overflow" define-label
+    clear-xer
+    temp1 src1 tag-bits get SRAWI
+    temp2 temp1 src2 MULLWO.
+    "overflow" get BO
+    temp2 ds-reg 0 STW
+    BLR
+    "overflow" resolve-label
+    src2 src2 tag-bits get SRAWI
+    temp1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    "overflow_fixnum_multiply" f %alien-invoke-tail ;
+
 : bignum@ ( n -- offset ) cells bignum tag-number - ; inline
 
 M:: ppc %integer>bignum ( dst src temp -- )
@@ -320,9 +406,6 @@ M: ppc %set-alien-cell swap 0 STW ;
 M: ppc %set-alien-float swap 0 STFS ;
 M: ppc %set-alien-double swap 0 STFD ;
 
-: %load-dlsym ( symbol dll register -- )
-    0 swap LOAD32 rc-absolute-ppc-2/2 rel-dlsym ;
-
 : load-zone-ptr ( reg -- )
     [ "nursery" f ] dip %load-dlsym ;
 
@@ -398,14 +481,14 @@ M: ppc %epilogue ( n -- )
     1 1 rot ADDI
     0 MTLR ;
 
-:: (%boolean) ( dst word -- )
+:: (%boolean) ( dst temp word -- )
     "end" define-label
     dst \ f tag-number %load-immediate
     "end" get word execute
     dst \ t %load-indirect
     "end" get resolve-label ; inline
 
-: %boolean ( dst cc -- )
+: %boolean ( dst temp cc -- )
     negate-cc {
         { cc< [ \ BLT (%boolean) ] }
         { cc<= [ \ BLE (%boolean) ] }
@@ -540,11 +623,11 @@ M: ppc %prepare-alien-invoke
     #! Save Factor stack pointers in case the C code calls a
     #! callback which does a GC, which must reliably trace
     #! all roots.
-    "stack_chain" f 11 %load-dlsym
-    11 11 0 LWZ
-    1 11 0 STW
-    ds-reg 11 8 STW
-    rs-reg 11 12 STW ;
+    "stack_chain" f scratch-reg %load-dlsym
+    scratch-reg scratch-reg 0 LWZ
+    1 scratch-reg 0 STW
+    ds-reg scratch-reg 8 STW
+    rs-reg scratch-reg 12 STW ;
 
 M: ppc %alien-invoke ( symbol dll -- )
     11 %load-dlsym 11 MTLR BLRL ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index f26d76551a..3df072208d
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/32/32.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ accessors init combinators command-line cpu.x86.assembler
 cpu.x86 cpu.architecture compiler compiler.units
 compiler.constants compiler.alien compiler.codegen
 compiler.codegen.fixup compiler.cfg.instructions
-compiler.cfg.builder compiler.cfg.intrinsics ;
+compiler.cfg.builder compiler.cfg.intrinsics make ;
 IN: cpu.x86.32
 
 ! We implement the FFI for Linux, OS X and Windows all at once.
@@ -23,8 +23,24 @@ M: x86.32 machine-registers
 M: x86.32 ds-reg ESI ;
 M: x86.32 rs-reg EDI ;
 M: x86.32 stack-reg ESP ;
-M: x86.32 temp-reg-1 EAX ;
-M: x86.32 temp-reg-2 ECX ;
+M: x86.32 temp-reg-1 ECX ;
+M: x86.32 temp-reg-2 EDX ;
+
+M:: x86.32 %dispatch ( src temp offset -- )
+    ! Load jump table base.
+    src HEX: ffffffff ADD
+    offset cells rc-absolute-cell rel-here
+    ! Go
+    src HEX: 7f [+] JMP
+    ! Fix up the displacement above
+    cell code-alignment
+    [ 7 + building get dup pop* push ]
+    [ align-code ]
+    bi ;
+
+! Registers for fastcall
+M: x86.32 param-reg-1 EAX ;
+M: x86.32 param-reg-2 EDX ;
 
 M: x86.32 reserved-area-size 0 ;
 
@@ -32,6 +48,8 @@ M: x86.32 %alien-global 0 [] MOV rc-absolute-cell rel-dlsym ;
 
 M: x86.32 %alien-invoke (CALL) rel-dlsym ;
 
+M: x86.32 %alien-invoke-tail (JMP) rel-dlsym ;
+
 M: x86.32 struct-small-enough? ( size -- ? )
     heap-size { 1 2 4 8 } member?
     os { linux netbsd solaris } member? not and ;
@@ -76,8 +94,6 @@ M: float-regs store-return-reg
     [ [ align-sub ] [ call ] bi* ]
     [ [ align-add ] [ drop ] bi* ] 2bi ; inline
 
-M: x86.32 rel-literal-x86 rc-absolute-cell rel-literal ;
-
 M: x86.32 %prologue ( n -- )
     dup PUSH
     0 PUSH rc-absolute-cell rel-this
@@ -291,7 +307,7 @@ FUNCTION: bool check_sse2 ( ) ;
 : sse2? ( -- ? )
     check_sse2 ;
 
-"-no-sse2" cli-args member? [
+"-no-sse2" (command-line) member? [
     [ optimized-recompile-hook ] recompile-hook
     [ { check_sse2 } compile ] with-variable
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/32/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/32/bootstrap.factor
index 44f840e66a..04bdcca68b 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/32/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/32/bootstrap.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: bootstrap.image.private kernel namespaces system
-cpu.x86.assembler layouts vocabs parser ;
+cpu.x86.assembler layouts vocabs parser compiler.constants ;
 IN: bootstrap.x86
 
 4 \ cell set
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.x86
 : mod-arg ( -- reg ) EDX ;
 : arg0 ( -- reg ) EAX ;
 : arg1 ( -- reg ) EDX ;
+: arg2 ( -- reg ) ECX ;
 : temp-reg ( -- reg ) EBX ;
 : stack-reg ( -- reg ) ESP ;
 : ds-reg ( -- reg ) ESI ;
@@ -19,5 +20,14 @@ IN: bootstrap.x86
 : fixnum>slot@ ( -- ) arg0 1 SAR ;
 : rex-length ( -- n ) 0 ;
 
+[
+    arg0 0 [] MOV                              ! load stack_chain
+    arg0 [] stack-reg MOV                      ! save stack pointer
+] rc-absolute-cell rt-stack-chain 2 jit-save-stack jit-define
+
+[
+    (JMP) drop
+] rc-relative rt-primitive 1 jit-primitive jit-define
+
 << "resource:basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor" parse-file parsed >>
 call
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
index 0d20660021..6472ec0edf 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/64.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays kernel math namespaces make sequences
 system layouts alien alien.c-types alien.accessors alien.structs
-slots splitting assocs combinators cpu.x86.assembler
+slots splitting assocs combinators make locals cpu.x86.assembler
 cpu.x86 cpu.architecture compiler.constants
 compiler.codegen compiler.codegen.fixup
 compiler.cfg.instructions compiler.cfg.builder
@@ -21,18 +21,27 @@ M: x86.64 machine-registers
 M: x86.64 ds-reg R14 ;
 M: x86.64 rs-reg R15 ;
 M: x86.64 stack-reg RSP ;
-M: x86.64 temp-reg-1 RAX ;
-M: x86.64 temp-reg-2 RCX ;
 
-: param-reg-1 int-regs param-regs first ; inline
-: param-reg-2 int-regs param-regs second ; inline
+M:: x86.64 %dispatch ( src temp offset -- )
+    ! Load jump table base.
+    temp HEX: ffffffff MOV
+    offset cells rc-absolute-cell rel-here
+    ! Add jump table base
+    src temp ADD
+    src HEX: 7f [+] JMP
+    ! Fix up the displacement above
+    cell code-alignment
+    [ 15 + building get dup pop* push ]
+    [ align-code ]
+    bi ;
+
+M: x86.64 param-reg-1 int-regs param-regs first ;
+M: x86.64 param-reg-2 int-regs param-regs second ;
 : param-reg-3 int-regs param-regs third ; inline
 
 M: int-regs return-reg drop RAX ;
 M: float-regs return-reg drop XMM0 ;
 
-M: x86.64 rel-literal-x86 rc-relative rel-literal ;
-
 M: x86.64 %prologue ( n -- )
     temp-reg-1 0 MOV rc-absolute-cell rel-this
     dup PUSH
@@ -157,6 +166,11 @@ M: x86.64 %alien-invoke
     rc-absolute-cell rel-dlsym
     R11 CALL ;
 
+M: x86.64 %alien-invoke-tail
+    R11 0 MOV
+    rc-absolute-cell rel-dlsym
+    R11 JMP ;
+
 M: x86.64 %prepare-alien-indirect ( -- )
     "unbox_alien" f %alien-invoke
     RBP RAX MOV ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor
index acac8b55bc..83a72d6dd3 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: bootstrap.image.private kernel namespaces system
-cpu.x86.assembler layouts vocabs parser ;
+cpu.x86.assembler layouts vocabs parser compiler.constants math ;
 IN: bootstrap.x86
 
 8 \ cell set
@@ -16,5 +16,16 @@ IN: bootstrap.x86
 : fixnum>slot@ ( -- ) ;
 : rex-length ( -- n ) 1 ;
 
+[
+    arg0 0 MOV                                 ! load stack_chain
+    arg0 arg0 [] MOV
+    arg0 [] stack-reg MOV                      ! save stack pointer
+] rc-absolute-cell rt-stack-chain 1 rex-length + jit-save-stack jit-define
+
+[
+    arg1 0 MOV                                 ! load XT
+    arg1 JMP                                   ! go
+] rc-absolute-cell rt-primitive 1 rex-length + jit-primitive jit-define
+
 << "resource:basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor" parse-file parsed >>
 call
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/bootstrap.factor
index 29d48bd794..f0ca56da14 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/bootstrap.factor
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.x86
 : stack-frame-size ( -- n ) 4 bootstrap-cells ;
 : arg0 ( -- reg ) RDI ;
 : arg1 ( -- reg ) RSI ;
+: arg2 ( -- reg ) RDX ;
 
 << "resource:basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor" parse-file parsed >>
 call
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/unix.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/unix.factor
index ddb412873a..f5fb5b9640 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/unix.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/unix/unix.factor
@@ -52,3 +52,7 @@ M: x86.64 dummy-stack-params? f ;
 M: x86.64 dummy-int-params? f ;
 
 M: x86.64 dummy-fp-params? f ;
+
+M: x86.64 temp-reg-1 R8 ;
+
+M: x86.64 temp-reg-2 R9 ;
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/bootstrap.factor
index a62b946e83..459945d82e 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/bootstrap.factor
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.x86
 : stack-frame-size ( -- n ) 8 bootstrap-cells ;
 : arg0 ( -- reg ) RCX ;
 : arg1 ( -- reg ) RDX ;
+: arg2 ( -- reg ) R8 ;
 
 << "resource:basis/cpu/x86/64/bootstrap.factor" parse-file parsed >>
 call
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/winnt.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/winnt.factor
index 0124c40877..4c6af6c1e7 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/winnt.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/64/winnt/winnt.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel layouts system math alien.c-types
+USING: kernel layouts system math alien.c-types sequences
 compiler.cfg.registers cpu.architecture cpu.x86.assembler cpu.x86 ;
 IN: cpu.x86.64.winnt
 
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ M: float-regs param-regs drop { XMM0 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 } ;
 
 M: x86.64 reserved-area-size 4 cells ;
 
-M: x86.64 struct-small-enough? ( size -- ? )
-    heap-size cell <= ;
+M: x86.64 struct-small-enough? heap-size { 1 2 4 8 } member? ;
+
+M: x86.64 value-struct? heap-size { 1 2 4 8 } member? ;
 
 M: x86.64 dummy-stack-params? f ;
 
@@ -19,8 +20,13 @@ M: x86.64 dummy-int-params? t ;
 
 M: x86.64 dummy-fp-params? t ;
 
+M: x86.64 temp-reg-1 RAX ;
+
+M: x86.64 temp-reg-2 RCX ;
+
 <<
 "longlong" "ptrdiff_t" typedef
-"int" "long" typedef
-"uint" "ulong" typedef
+"longlong" "intptr_t" typedef
+"int" c-type "long" define-primitive-type
+"uint" c-type "ulong" define-primitive-type
 >>
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/assembler.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/assembler.factor
index 5c6fff2348..27c00cb3c0 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/assembler.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/assembler.factor
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ M: register modifier drop BIN: 11 ;
 GENERIC# n, 1 ( value n -- )
 
 M: integer n, >le % ;
-M: byte n, >r value>> r> n, ;
+M: byte n, [ value>> ] dip n, ;
 : 1, ( n -- ) 1 n, ; inline
 : 4, ( n -- ) 4 n, ; inline
 : 2, ( n -- ) 2 n, ; inline
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ M: object operand-64? drop f ;
 : short-operand ( reg rex.w n -- )
     #! Some instructions encode their single operand as part of
     #! the opcode.
-    >r dupd prefix-1 reg-code r> + , ;
+    [ dupd prefix-1 reg-code ] dip + , ;
 
 : opcode, ( opcode -- ) dup array? [ % ] [ , ] if ;
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ M: object operand-64? drop f ;
 : 1-operand ( op reg,rex.w,opcode -- )
     #! The 'reg' is not really a register, but a value for the
     #! 'reg' field of the mod-r/m byte.
-    first3 >r >r over r> prefix-1 r> opcode, swap addressing ;
+    first3 [ [ over ] dip prefix-1 ] dip opcode, swap addressing ;
 
 : immediate-operand-size-bit ( imm dst reg,rex.w,opcode -- imm dst reg,rex.w,opcode )
     pick integer? [ first3 BIN: 1 opcode-or 3array ] when ;
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ M: object operand-64? drop f ;
     ] if ;
 
 : (2-operand) ( dst src op -- )
-    >r 2dup t rex-prefix r> opcode,
+    [ 2dup t rex-prefix ] dip opcode,
     reg-code swap addressing ;
 
 : direction-bit ( dst src op -- dst' src' op' )
@@ -271,11 +271,11 @@ M: object operand-64? drop f ;
 PRIVATE>
 
 : [] ( reg/displacement -- indirect )
-    dup integer? [ >r f f f r> ] [ f f f ] if <indirect> ;
+    dup integer? [ [ f f f ] dip ] [ f f f ] if <indirect> ;
 
 : [+] ( reg displacement -- indirect )
     dup integer?
-    [ dup zero? [ drop f ] when >r f f r> ]
+    [ dup zero? [ drop f ] when [ f f ] dip ]
     [ f f ] if
     <indirect> ;
 
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ PREDICATE: callable < word register? not ;
 
 GENERIC: MOV ( dst src -- )
 M: immediate MOV swap (MOV-I) ;
-M: callable MOV 0 rot (MOV-I) rc-absolute-cell rel-word ;
+M: callable MOV [ 0 ] 2dip (MOV-I) rc-absolute-cell rel-word ;
 M: operand MOV HEX: 88 2-operand ;
 
 : LEA ( dst src -- ) swap HEX: 8d 2-operand ;
@@ -308,18 +308,21 @@ M: operand MOV HEX: 88 2-operand ;
 ! Control flow
 GENERIC: JMP ( op -- )
 : (JMP) ( -- rel-class ) HEX: e9 , 0 4, rc-relative ;
+M: f JMP (JMP) 2drop ;
 M: callable JMP (JMP) rel-word ;
 M: label JMP (JMP) label-fixup ;
 M: operand JMP { BIN: 100 t HEX: ff } 1-operand ;
 
 GENERIC: CALL ( op -- )
 : (CALL) ( -- rel-class ) HEX: e8 , 0 4, rc-relative ;
+M: f CALL (CALL) 2drop ;
 M: callable CALL (CALL) rel-word ;
 M: label CALL (CALL) label-fixup ;
 M: operand CALL { BIN: 010 t HEX: ff } 1-operand ;
 
 GENERIC# JUMPcc 1 ( addr opcode -- )
 : (JUMPcc) ( n -- rel-class ) extended-opcode, 0 4, rc-relative ;
+M: f JUMPcc nip (JUMPcc) drop ;
 M: callable JUMPcc (JUMPcc) rel-word ;
 M: label JUMPcc (JUMPcc) label-fixup ;
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/syntax/syntax.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/syntax/syntax.factor
index d267baaf4f..6ddec4af07 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/assembler/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ USING: kernel words sequences lexer parser fry ;
 IN: cpu.x86.assembler.syntax
 
 : define-register ( name num size -- )
-    >r >r "cpu.x86.assembler" create dup define-symbol r> r>
-    >r dupd "register" set-word-prop r>
+    [ "cpu.x86.assembler" create dup define-symbol ] 2dip
+    [ dupd "register" set-word-prop ] dip
     "register-size" set-word-prop ;
 
 : define-registers ( names size -- )
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor
index 6dadbc096c..42df1c8437 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/bootstrap.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ big-endian off
 [
     ! Load word
     temp-reg 0 MOV
-    temp-reg dup [] MOV
     ! Bump profiling counter
     temp-reg profile-count-offset [+] 1 tag-fixnum ADD
     ! Load word->code
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ big-endian off
     temp-reg compiled-header-size ADD
     ! Jump to XT
     temp-reg JMP
-] rc-absolute-cell rt-literal 1 rex-length + jit-profiling jit-define
+] rc-absolute-cell rt-immediate 1 rex-length + jit-profiling jit-define
 
 [
     temp-reg 0 MOV                             ! load XT
@@ -31,13 +30,6 @@ big-endian off
     stack-reg stack-frame-size 3 bootstrap-cells - SUB   ! alignment
 ] rc-absolute-cell rt-label 1 rex-length + jit-prolog jit-define
 
-[
-    arg0 0 MOV                                 ! load literal
-    arg0 dup [] MOV
-    ds-reg bootstrap-cell ADD                  ! increment datastack pointer
-    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV                         ! store literal on datastack
-] rc-absolute-cell rt-literal 1 rex-length + jit-push-literal jit-define
-
 [
     arg0 0 MOV                                 ! load literal
     ds-reg bootstrap-cell ADD                  ! increment datastack pointer
@@ -45,39 +37,99 @@ big-endian off
 ] rc-absolute-cell rt-immediate 1 rex-length + jit-push-immediate jit-define
 
 [
-    arg0 0 MOV                                 ! load XT
-    arg1 stack-reg MOV                         ! pass callstack pointer as arg 2
-    arg0 JMP                                   ! go
-] rc-absolute-cell rt-primitive 1 rex-length + jit-primitive jit-define
-
-[
-    (JMP) drop
+    f JMP
 ] rc-relative rt-xt 1 jit-word-jump jit-define
 
 [
-    (CALL) drop
+    f CALL
 ] rc-relative rt-xt 1 jit-word-call jit-define
 
 [
-    arg1 0 MOV                                 ! load addr of true quotation
     arg0 ds-reg [] MOV                         ! load boolean
     ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! pop boolean
-    arg0 \ f tag-number CMP                    ! compare it with f
-    arg0 arg1 [] CMOVNE                        ! load true branch if not equal
-    arg0 arg1 bootstrap-cell [+] CMOVE         ! load false branch if equal
-    arg0 quot-xt-offset [+] JMP                ! jump to quotation-xt
-] rc-absolute-cell rt-literal 1 rex-length + jit-if-jump jit-define
+    arg0 \ f tag-number CMP                    ! compare boolean with f
+    f JNE                                      ! jump to true branch if not equal
+] rc-relative rt-xt 10 rex-length 3 * + jit-if-1 jit-define
+
+[
+    f JMP                                      ! jump to false branch if equal
+] rc-relative rt-xt 1 jit-if-2 jit-define
 
 [
     arg1 0 MOV                                 ! load dispatch table
-    arg1 dup [] MOV
     arg0 ds-reg [] MOV                         ! load index
     fixnum>slot@                               ! turn it into an array offset
     ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! pop index
     arg0 arg1 ADD                              ! compute quotation location
     arg0 arg0 array-start-offset [+] MOV       ! load quotation
     arg0 quot-xt-offset [+] JMP                ! execute branch
-] rc-absolute-cell rt-literal 1 rex-length + jit-dispatch jit-define
+] rc-absolute-cell rt-immediate 1 rex-length + jit-dispatch jit-define
+
+: jit->r ( -- )
+    rs-reg bootstrap-cell ADD
+    arg0 ds-reg [] MOV
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB
+    rs-reg [] arg0 MOV ;
+
+: jit-2>r ( -- )
+    rs-reg 2 bootstrap-cells ADD
+    arg0 ds-reg [] MOV
+    arg1 ds-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    ds-reg 2 bootstrap-cells SUB
+    rs-reg [] arg0 MOV
+    rs-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] arg1 MOV ;
+
+: jit-3>r ( -- )
+    rs-reg 3 bootstrap-cells ADD
+    arg0 ds-reg [] MOV
+    arg1 ds-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    arg2 ds-reg -2 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    ds-reg 3 bootstrap-cells SUB
+    rs-reg [] arg0 MOV
+    rs-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] arg1 MOV
+    rs-reg -2 bootstrap-cells [+] arg2 MOV ;
+
+: jit-r> ( -- )
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell ADD
+    arg0 rs-reg [] MOV
+    rs-reg bootstrap-cell SUB
+    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV ;
+
+: jit-2r> ( -- )
+    ds-reg 2 bootstrap-cells ADD
+    arg0 rs-reg [] MOV
+    arg1 rs-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    rs-reg 2 bootstrap-cells SUB
+    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV
+    ds-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] arg1 MOV ;
+
+: jit-3r> ( -- )
+    ds-reg 3 bootstrap-cells ADD
+    arg0 rs-reg [] MOV
+    arg1 rs-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    arg2 rs-reg -2 bootstrap-cells [+] MOV
+    rs-reg 3 bootstrap-cells SUB
+    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV
+    ds-reg -1 bootstrap-cells [+] arg1 MOV
+    ds-reg -2 bootstrap-cells [+] arg2 MOV ;
+
+[
+    jit->r
+    f CALL
+    jit-r>
+] rc-relative rt-xt 11 rex-length 4 * + jit-dip jit-define
+
+[
+    jit-2>r
+    f CALL
+    jit-2r>
+] rc-relative rt-xt 17 rex-length 6 * + jit-2dip jit-define
+
+[
+    jit-3>r                                    
+    f CALL
+    jit-3r>
+] rc-relative rt-xt 23 rex-length 8 * + jit-3dip jit-define
 
 [
     stack-reg stack-frame-size bootstrap-cell - ADD ! unwind stack frame
@@ -229,25 +281,14 @@ big-endian off
     ds-reg [] arg1 MOV
 ] f f f \ -rot define-sub-primitive
 
-[
-    rs-reg bootstrap-cell ADD
-    arg0 ds-reg [] MOV
-    ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB
-    rs-reg [] arg0 MOV
-] f f f \ >r define-sub-primitive
+[ jit->r ] f f f \ >r define-sub-primitive
 
-[
-    ds-reg bootstrap-cell ADD
-    arg0 rs-reg [] MOV
-    rs-reg bootstrap-cell SUB
-    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV
-] f f f \ r> define-sub-primitive
+[ jit-r> ] f f f \ r> define-sub-primitive
 
 ! Comparisons
 : jit-compare ( insn -- )
-    arg1 0 MOV                                 ! load t
-    arg1 dup [] MOV
-    temp-reg \ f tag-number MOV                ! load f
+    temp-reg 0 MOV                             ! load t
+    arg1 \ f tag-number MOV                    ! load f
     arg0 ds-reg [] MOV                         ! load first value
     ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! adjust stack pointer
     ds-reg [] arg0 CMP                         ! compare with second value
@@ -256,14 +297,14 @@ big-endian off
     ;
 
 : define-jit-compare ( insn word -- )
-    [ [ jit-compare ] curry rc-absolute-cell rt-literal 1 rex-length + ] dip
+    [ [ jit-compare ] curry rc-absolute-cell rt-immediate 1 rex-length + ] dip
     define-sub-primitive ;
 
-\ CMOVNE \ eq? define-jit-compare
-\ CMOVL \ fixnum>= define-jit-compare
-\ CMOVG \ fixnum<= define-jit-compare
-\ CMOVLE \ fixnum> define-jit-compare
-\ CMOVGE \ fixnum< define-jit-compare
+\ CMOVE \ eq? define-jit-compare
+\ CMOVGE \ fixnum>= define-jit-compare
+\ CMOVLE \ fixnum<= define-jit-compare
+\ CMOVG \ fixnum> define-jit-compare
+\ CMOVL \ fixnum< define-jit-compare
 
 ! Math
 : jit-math ( insn -- )
@@ -311,22 +352,48 @@ big-endian off
     ds-reg [] arg1 MOV                         ! push to stack
 ] f f f \ fixnum-shift-fast define-sub-primitive
 
-[
+: jit-fixnum-/mod ( -- )
     temp-reg ds-reg [] MOV                     ! load second parameter
-    ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! adjust stack pointer
-    div-arg ds-reg [] MOV                      ! load first parameter
+    div-arg ds-reg bootstrap-cell neg [+] MOV  ! load first parameter
     mod-arg div-arg MOV                        ! make a copy
     mod-arg bootstrap-cell-bits 1- SAR         ! sign-extend
-    temp-reg IDIV                              ! divide
+    temp-reg IDIV ;                            ! divide
+
+[
+    jit-fixnum-/mod
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! adjust stack pointer
     ds-reg [] mod-arg MOV                      ! push to stack
 ] f f f \ fixnum-mod define-sub-primitive
 
+[
+    jit-fixnum-/mod
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell SUB                  ! adjust stack pointer
+    div-arg tag-bits get SHL                   ! tag it
+    ds-reg [] div-arg MOV                      ! push to stack
+] f f f \ fixnum/i-fast define-sub-primitive
+
+[
+    jit-fixnum-/mod
+    div-arg tag-bits get SHL                   ! tag it
+    ds-reg [] mod-arg MOV                      ! push to stack
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell neg [+] div-arg MOV
+] f f f \ fixnum/mod-fast define-sub-primitive
+
+[
+    arg0 ds-reg [] MOV
+    arg0 ds-reg bootstrap-cell neg [+] OR
+    ds-reg bootstrap-cell ADD
+    arg0 tag-mask get AND
+    arg0 \ f tag-number MOV
+    arg1 1 tag-fixnum MOV
+    arg0 arg1 CMOVE
+    ds-reg [] arg0 MOV
+] f f f \ both-fixnums? define-sub-primitive
+
 [
     arg0 ds-reg [] MOV                         ! load local number
     fixnum>slot@                               ! turn local number into offset
-    arg1 bootstrap-cell MOV                    ! load base
-    arg1 arg0 SUB                              ! turn it into a stack offset
-    arg0 rs-reg arg1 [+] MOV                   ! load local value
+    arg0 rs-reg arg0 [+] MOV                   ! load local value
     ds-reg [] arg0 MOV                         ! push to stack
 ] f f f \ get-local define-sub-primitive
 
diff --git a/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor b/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
index 4f72fe45e1..3dbcd2eabf 100644
--- a/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
+++ b/basis/cpu/x86/x86.factor
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ M: x86 two-operand? t ;
 HOOK: temp-reg-1 cpu ( -- reg )
 HOOK: temp-reg-2 cpu ( -- reg )
 
+HOOK: param-reg-1 cpu ( -- reg )
+HOOK: param-reg-2 cpu ( -- reg )
+
 M: x86 %load-immediate MOV ;
 
-HOOK: rel-literal-x86 cpu ( literal -- )
-
-M: x86 %load-indirect swap 0 [] MOV rel-literal-x86 ;
+M: x86 %load-indirect swap 0 MOV rc-absolute-cell rel-immediate ;
 
 HOOK: ds-reg cpu ( -- reg )
 HOOK: rs-reg cpu ( -- reg )
@@ -60,19 +61,6 @@ M: x86 %return ( -- ) 0 RET ;
 : align-code ( n -- )
     0 <repetition> % ;
 
-M:: x86 %dispatch ( src temp -- )
-    ! Load jump table base. We use a temporary register
-    ! since on AMD64 we have to load a 64-bit immediate. On
-    ! x86, this is redundant.
-    ! Add jump table base
-    temp HEX: ffffffff MOV rc-absolute-cell rel-here
-    src temp ADD
-    src HEX: 7f [+] JMP
-    ! Fix up the displacement above
-    cell code-alignment dup bootstrap-cell 8 = 15 9 ? +
-    building get dup pop* push
-    align-code ;
-
 M: x86 %dispatch-label ( word -- )
     0 cell, rc-absolute-cell rel-word ;
 
@@ -105,6 +93,87 @@ M: x86 %shr-imm nip SHR ;
 M: x86 %sar-imm nip SAR ;
 M: x86 %not     drop NOT ;
 
+: ?MOV ( dst src -- )
+    2dup = [ 2drop ] [ MOV ] if ; inline
+
+:: move>args ( src1 src2 -- )
+    {
+        { [ src1 param-reg-2 = ] [ param-reg-1 src2 ?MOV param-reg-1 param-reg-2 XCHG ] }
+        { [ src1 param-reg-1 = ] [ param-reg-2 src2 ?MOV ] }
+        { [ src2 param-reg-1 = ] [ param-reg-2 src1 ?MOV param-reg-1 param-reg-2 XCHG ] }
+        { [ src2 param-reg-2 = ] [ param-reg-1 src1 ?MOV ] }
+        [
+            param-reg-1 src1 MOV
+            param-reg-2 src2 MOV
+        ]
+    } cond ;
+
+HOOK: %alien-invoke-tail cpu ( func dll -- )
+
+:: overflow-template ( src1 src2 insn inverse func -- )
+    <label> "no-overflow" set
+    src1 src2 insn call
+    ds-reg [] src1 MOV
+    "no-overflow" get JNO
+    src1 src2 inverse call
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    func f %alien-invoke
+    "no-overflow" resolve-label ; inline
+
+:: overflow-template-tail ( src1 src2 insn inverse func -- )
+    <label> "no-overflow" set
+    src1 src2 insn call
+    "no-overflow" get JNO
+    src1 src2 inverse call
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    func f %alien-invoke-tail
+    "no-overflow" resolve-label
+    ds-reg [] src1 MOV
+    0 RET ; inline
+
+M: x86 %fixnum-add ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ ADD ] [ SUB ] "overflow_fixnum_add" overflow-template ;
+
+M: x86 %fixnum-add-tail ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ ADD ] [ SUB ] "overflow_fixnum_add" overflow-template-tail ;
+
+M: x86 %fixnum-sub ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ SUB ] [ ADD ] "overflow_fixnum_subtract" overflow-template ;
+
+M: x86 %fixnum-sub-tail ( src1 src2 -- )
+    [ SUB ] [ ADD ] "overflow_fixnum_subtract" overflow-template-tail ;
+
+M:: x86 %fixnum-mul ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+    "no-overflow" define-label
+    temp1 src1 MOV
+    temp1 tag-bits get SAR
+    src2 temp1 IMUL2
+    ds-reg [] temp1 MOV
+    "no-overflow" get JNO
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    param-reg-1 tag-bits get SAR
+    param-reg-2 tag-bits get SAR
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    "overflow_fixnum_multiply" f %alien-invoke
+    "no-overflow" resolve-label ;
+
+M:: x86 %fixnum-mul-tail ( src1 src2 temp1 temp2 -- )
+    "overflow" define-label
+    temp1 src1 MOV
+    temp1 tag-bits get SAR
+    src2 temp1 IMUL2
+    "overflow" get JO
+    ds-reg [] temp1 MOV
+    0 RET
+    "overflow" resolve-label
+    src1 src2 move>args
+    param-reg-1 tag-bits get SAR
+    param-reg-2 tag-bits get SAR
+    %prepare-alien-invoke
+    "overflow_fixnum_multiply" f %alien-invoke-tail ;
+
 : bignum@ ( reg n -- op )
     cells bignum tag-number - [+] ; inline
 
@@ -173,9 +242,6 @@ M: x86 %div-float nip DIVSD ;
 M: x86 %integer>float CVTSI2SD ;
 M: x86 %float>integer CVTTSD2SI ;
 
-: ?MOV ( dst src -- )
-    2dup = [ 2drop ] [ MOV ] if ; inline
-
 M: x86 %copy ( dst src -- ) ?MOV ;
 
 M: x86 %copy-float ( dst src -- )
@@ -414,12 +480,12 @@ HOOK: stack-reg cpu ( -- reg )
 
 M: x86 %epilogue ( n -- ) cell - incr-stack-reg ;
 
-: %boolean ( dst word -- )
-    over \ f tag-number MOV
-    0 [] swap execute
-    \ t rel-literal-x86 ; inline
+:: %boolean ( dst temp word -- )
+    dst \ f tag-number MOV
+    temp 0 MOV \ t rc-absolute-cell rel-immediate
+    dst temp word execute ; inline
 
-M: x86 %compare ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
+M: x86 %compare ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
     CMP {
         { cc< [ \ CMOVL %boolean ] }
         { cc<= [ \ CMOVLE %boolean ] }
@@ -429,10 +495,10 @@ M: x86 %compare ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
         { cc/= [ \ CMOVNE %boolean ] }
     } case ;
 
-M: x86 %compare-imm ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
+M: x86 %compare-imm ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
     %compare ;
 
-M: x86 %compare-float ( dst cc src1 src2 -- )
+M: x86 %compare-float ( dst temp cc src1 src2 -- )
     UCOMISD {
         { cc< [ \ CMOVB %boolean ] }
         { cc<= [ \ CMOVBE %boolean ] }
@@ -495,7 +561,7 @@ M: x86 %reload-float ( dst n -- ) spill-float@ MOVSD ;
 
 M: x86 %loop-entry 16 code-alignment [ NOP ] times ;
 
-M: int-regs %save-param-reg drop >r param@ r> MOV ;
+M: int-regs %save-param-reg drop [ param@ ] dip MOV ;
 M: int-regs %load-param-reg drop swap param@ MOV ;
 
 GENERIC: MOVSS/D ( dst src reg-class -- )
@@ -503,8 +569,8 @@ GENERIC: MOVSS/D ( dst src reg-class -- )
 M: single-float-regs MOVSS/D drop MOVSS ;
 M: double-float-regs MOVSS/D drop MOVSD ;
 
-M: float-regs %save-param-reg >r >r param@ r> r> MOVSS/D ;
-M: float-regs %load-param-reg >r swap param@ r> MOVSS/D ;
+M: float-regs %save-param-reg [ param@ ] 2dip MOVSS/D ;
+M: float-regs %load-param-reg [ swap param@ ] dip MOVSS/D ;
 
 GENERIC: push-return-reg ( reg-class -- )
 GENERIC: load-return-reg ( n reg-class -- )
@@ -520,7 +586,7 @@ M: x86 %prepare-alien-invoke
     temp-reg-1 2 cells [+] ds-reg MOV
     temp-reg-1 3 cells [+] rs-reg MOV ;
 
-M: x86 value-structs? t ;
+M: x86 value-struct? drop t ;
 
 M: x86 small-enough? ( n -- ? )
     HEX: -80000000 HEX: 7fffffff between? ;
diff --git a/basis/db/db.factor b/basis/db/db.factor
index 3ee0fe3d09..b7bd8218a2 100644
--- a/basis/db/db.factor
+++ b/basis/db/db.factor
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ GENERIC: more-rows? ( result-set -- ? )
 : new-result-set ( query handle class -- result-set )
     new
         swap >>handle
-        >r [ sql>> ] [ in-params>> ] [ out-params>> ] tri r>
+        [ [ sql>> ] [ in-params>> ] [ out-params>> ] tri ] dip
         swap >>out-params
         swap >>in-params
         swap >>sql ;
diff --git a/basis/db/postgresql/lib/lib.factor b/basis/db/postgresql/lib/lib.factor
index 63284b28a3..5149d14f3d 100644
--- a/basis/db/postgresql/lib/lib.factor
+++ b/basis/db/postgresql/lib/lib.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ quotations sequences db.postgresql.ffi alien alien.c-types
 db.types tools.walker ascii splitting math.parser combinators
 libc shuffle calendar.format byte-arrays destructors prettyprint
 accessors strings serialize io.encodings.binary io.encodings.utf8
-alien.strings io.streams.byte-array summary present urls ;
+alien.strings io.streams.byte-array summary present urls
+specialized-arrays.uint specialized-arrays.alien ;
 IN: db.postgresql.lib
 
 : postgresql-result-error-message ( res -- str/f )
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ M: postgresql-result-null summary ( obj -- str )
     } case ;
 
 : param-types ( statement -- seq )
-    in-params>> [ type>> type>oid ] map >c-uint-array ;
+    in-params>> [ type>> type>oid ] uint-array{ } map-as underlying>> ;
 
 : malloc-byte-array/length ( byte-array -- alien length )
     [ malloc-byte-array &free ] [ length ] bi ;
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ M: postgresql-result-null summary ( obj -- str )
 : param-values ( statement -- seq seq2 )
     [ bind-params>> ] [ in-params>> ] bi
     [
-        >r value>> r> type>> {
+        [ value>> ] [ type>> ] bi* {
             { FACTOR-BLOB [
                 dup [ object>bytes malloc-byte-array/length ] [ 0 ] if
             ] }
@@ -90,15 +91,15 @@ M: postgresql-result-null summary ( obj -- str )
     ] 2map flip [
         f f
     ] [
-        first2 [ >c-void*-array ] [ >c-uint-array ] bi*
+        first2 [ >void*-array underlying>> ] [ >uint-array underlying>> ] bi*
     ] if-empty ;
 
 : param-formats ( statement -- seq )
-    in-params>> [ type>> type>param-format ] map >c-uint-array ;
+    in-params>> [ type>> type>param-format ] uint-array{ } map-as underlying>> ;
 
 : do-postgresql-bound-statement ( statement -- res )
     [
-        >r db get handle>> r>
+        [ db get handle>> ] dip
         {
             [ sql>> ]
             [ bind-params>> length ]
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ M: postgresql-result-null summary ( obj -- str )
 
 : pq-get-string ( handle row column -- obj )
     3dup PQgetvalue utf8 alien>string
-    dup empty? [ >r pq-get-is-null f r> ? ] [ 3nip ] if ;
+    dup empty? [ [ pq-get-is-null f ] dip ? ] [ 3nip ] if ;
 
 : pq-get-number ( handle row column -- obj )
     pq-get-string dup [ string>number ] when ;
diff --git a/basis/db/postgresql/postgresql-tests.factor b/basis/db/postgresql/postgresql-tests.factor
index fe53e2416e..bc5ec2f0c5 100644
--- a/basis/db/postgresql/postgresql-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/db/postgresql/postgresql-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: kernel db.postgresql alien continuations io classes
 prettyprint sequences namespaces tools.test db
-db.tuples db.types unicode.case accessors ;
+db.tuples db.types unicode.case accessors system ;
 IN: db.postgresql.tests
 
 : test-db ( -- postgresql-db )
@@ -10,86 +10,88 @@ IN: db.postgresql.tests
         "thepasswordistrust" >>password
         "factor-test" >>database ;
 
-[ ] [ test-db [ ] with-db ] unit-test
+os windows? cpu x86.64? and [
+    [ ] [ test-db [ ] with-db ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [
-    test-db [
-        [ "drop table person;" sql-command ] ignore-errors
-        "create table person (name varchar(30), country varchar(30));"
+    [ ] [
+        test-db [
+            [ "drop table person;" sql-command ] ignore-errors
+            "create table person (name varchar(30), country varchar(30));"
+                sql-command
+
+            "insert into person values('John', 'America');" sql-command
+            "insert into person values('Jane', 'New Zealand');" sql-command
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
+
+    [
+        {
+            { "John" "America" }
+            { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
+        }
+    ] [
+        test-db [
+            "select * from person" sql-query
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
+
+    [
+        {
+            { "John" "America" }
+            { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
+        }
+    ] [ test-db [ "select * from person" sql-query ] with-db ] unit-test
+
+    [
+    ] [
+        test-db [
+            "insert into person(name, country) values('Jimmy', 'Canada')"
             sql-command
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
 
-        "insert into person values('John', 'America');" sql-command
-        "insert into person values('Jane', 'New Zealand');" sql-command
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
+    [
+        {
+            { "John" "America" }
+            { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
+            { "Jimmy" "Canada" }
+        }
+    ] [ test-db [ "select * from person" sql-query ] with-db ] unit-test
 
-[
-    {
-        { "John" "America" }
-        { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
-    }
-] [
-    test-db [
-        "select * from person" sql-query
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
+    [
+        test-db [
+            [
+                "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')" sql-command
+                "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')" sql-command
+                "oops" throw
+            ] with-transaction
+        ] with-db
+    ] must-fail
 
-[
-    {
-        { "John" "America" }
-        { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
-    }
-] [ test-db [ "select * from person" sql-query ] with-db ] unit-test
+    [ 3 ] [
+        test-db [
+            "select * from person" sql-query length
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
 
-[
-] [
-    test-db [
-        "insert into person(name, country) values('Jimmy', 'Canada')"
-        sql-command
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
+    [
+    ] [
+        test-db [
+            [
+                "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')"
+                sql-command
+                "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')"
+                sql-command
+            ] with-transaction
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
 
-[
-    {
-        { "John" "America" }
-        { "Jane" "New Zealand" }
-        { "Jimmy" "Canada" }
-    }
-] [ test-db [ "select * from person" sql-query ] with-db ] unit-test
-
-[
-    test-db [
-        [
-            "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')" sql-command
-            "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')" sql-command
-            "oops" throw
-        ] with-transaction
-    ] with-db
-] must-fail
-
-[ 3 ] [
-    test-db [
-        "select * from person" sql-query length
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
-
-[
-] [
-    test-db [
-        [
-            "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')"
-            sql-command
-            "insert into person(name, country) values('Jose', 'Mexico')"
-            sql-command
-        ] with-transaction
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
-
-[ 5 ] [
-    test-db [
-        "select * from person" sql-query length
-    ] with-db
-] unit-test
+    [ 5 ] [
+        test-db [
+            "select * from person" sql-query length
+        ] with-db
+    ] unit-test
+] unless
 
 
 : with-dummy-db ( quot -- )
diff --git a/basis/db/queries/queries.factor b/basis/db/queries/queries.factor
index 49de6ee5fc..b181aab23b 100644
--- a/basis/db/queries/queries.factor
+++ b/basis/db/queries/queries.factor
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ M: random-id-generator eval-generator ( singleton -- obj )
         3drop
     ] [
         pick column-name>> 0%
-        >r first2 r> interval-comparison 0%
+        [ first2 ] dip interval-comparison 0%
         bind#
     ] if ;
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ M: db <count-statement> ( query -- statement )
 
 : create-index ( index-name table-name columns -- )
     [
-        >r >r "create index " % % r> " on " % % r> "(" %
+        [ [ "create index " % % ] dip " on " % % ] dip "(" %
         "," join % ")" %
     ] "" make sql-command ;
 
diff --git a/basis/db/tuples/tuples-tests.factor b/basis/db/tuples/tuples-tests.factor
index 192986484e..0432f38683 100644
--- a/basis/db/tuples/tuples-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/db/tuples/tuples-tests.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: io.files kernel tools.test db db.tuples classes
 db.types continuations namespaces math math.ranges
 prettyprint calendar sequences db.sqlite math.intervals
-db.postgresql accessors random math.bitwise
+db.postgresql accessors random math.bitwise system
 math.ranges strings urls fry db.tuples.private ;
 IN: db.tuples.tests
 
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ IN: db.tuples.tests
 
 : test-postgresql ( quot -- )
     '[
-        [ ] [ postgresql-db _ with-db ] unit-test
+        os windows? cpu x86.64? and [
+            [ ] [ postgresql-db _ with-db ] unit-test
+        ] unless
     ] call ; inline
 
 ! These words leak resources, but are useful for interactivel testing 
diff --git a/basis/debugger/debugger-docs.factor b/basis/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
index fe00d011c3..30c9fd37ab 100644
--- a/basis/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ HELP: datastack-overflow.
 { $notes "This error usually indicates a run-away recursion, however if you legitimately need a data stack larger than the default, see " { $link "runtime-cli-args" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: retainstack-underflow.
-{ $error-description "Thrown by the Factor VM if " { $link r> } " is called while the retain stack is empty." }
+{ $error-description "Thrown by the Factor VM if an attempt is made to access the retain stack in an invalid manner. This bug should never come up in practice and indicates a bug in Factor." }
 { $notes "You can use the stack effect tool to statically check stack effects of quotations. See " { $link "inference" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: retainstack-overflow.
-{ $error-description "Thrown by the Factor VM if " { $link >r } " is called when the retain stack is full." }
+{ $error-description "Thrown by the Factor VM if " { $link dip } " is called when the retain stack is full." }
 { $notes "This error usually indicates a run-away recursion, however if you legitimately need a retain stack larger than the default, see " { $link "runtime-cli-args" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: memory-error.
diff --git a/basis/debugger/debugger.factor b/basis/debugger/debugger.factor
index ec93a01c19..94ceff8a23 100644
--- a/basis/debugger/debugger.factor
+++ b/basis/debugger/debugger.factor
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 USING: slots arrays definitions generic hashtables summary io
 kernel math namespaces make prettyprint prettyprint.config
 sequences assocs sequences.private strings io.styles io.files
-vectors words system splitting math.parser classes.tuple
-continuations continuations.private combinators generic.math
-classes.builtin classes compiler.units generic.standard vocabs
-init kernel.private io.encodings accessors math.order
-destructors source-files parser classes.tuple.parser
-effects.parser lexer compiler.errors generic.parser
-strings.parser ;
+vectors words system splitting math.parser classes.mixin
+classes.tuple continuations continuations.private combinators
+generic.math classes.builtin classes compiler.units
+generic.standard vocabs init kernel.private io.encodings
+accessors math.order destructors source-files parser
+classes.tuple.parser effects.parser lexer compiler.errors
+generic.parser strings.parser ;
 IN: debugger
 
 GENERIC: error. ( error -- )
@@ -206,9 +206,8 @@ M: no-cond summary
 M: no-case summary
     drop "Fall-through in case" ;
 
-M: slice-error error.
-    "Cannot create slice because " write
-    reason>> print ;
+M: slice-error summary
+    drop "Cannot create slice" ;
 
 M: bounds-error summary drop "Sequence index out of bounds" ;
 
@@ -328,3 +327,5 @@ M: bad-effect summary
 M: bad-escape summary drop "Bad escape code" ;
 
 M: bad-literal-tuple summary drop "Bad literal tuple" ;
+
+M: check-mixin-class summary drop "Not a mixin class" ;
diff --git a/basis/delegate/delegate-docs.factor b/basis/delegate/delegate-docs.factor
index 0d2f94c13d..5a2f4802e9 100644
--- a/basis/delegate/delegate-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/delegate/delegate-docs.factor
@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ HELP: group-words
 { $values { "group" "a group" } { "words" "an array of words" } }
 { $description "Given a protocol or tuple class, this returns the corresponding generic words that this group contains." } ;
 
-ARTICLE: { "delegate" "intro" } "Delegation"
+ARTICLE: "delegate" "Delegation"
 "The " { $vocab-link "delegate" } " vocabulary implements run-time consultation for method dispatch."
 $nl
-"Fundamental to the concept of " { $emphasis "protocols" } ", which are groups of tuple slot accessors, or groups of arbtirary generic words."
+"A " { $emphasis "protocol" } " is a collection of related generic words. An object is said to " { $emphasis "consult" } " another object if it implements a protocol by forwarding all methods onto the other object."
 $nl
-"This allows an object to implement a certain protocol by passing the method calls to another object."
+"Using this vocabulary, protocols can be defined and consulation can be set up without any repetitive boilerplate."
 $nl
 "Unlike " { $link "tuple-subclassing" } ", which expresses " { $emphasis "is-a" } " relationships by statically including the methods and slots of the superclass in all subclasses, consultation forwards generic word calls to another distinct object."
 $nl
-"Fundamentally, a protocol is a word which has a method for " { $link group-words } ". One type of protocol is a tuple, which consists of the slot accessors. To define a protocol as a set of words, use"
+"Defining new protocols:"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: PROTOCOL: }
 { $subsection define-protocol }
-"The literal syntax and defining word are:"
+"Defining consultation:"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: CONSULT: }
 { $subsection define-consult }
-"The " { $vocab-link "delegate.protocols" } " vocabulary defines formal protocols for the various informal protocols used in the Factor core, such as " { $link "sequence-protocol" } ", " { $link "assocs-protocol" } " or " { $link "stream-protocol" } ;
+"Every tuple class has an associated protocol consisting of all of its slot accessor methods. The " { $vocab-link "delegate.protocols" } " vocabulary defines formal protocols for the various informal protocols used in the Factor core, such as " { $link "sequence-protocol" } ", " { $link "assocs-protocol" } " or " { $link "stream-protocol" } ;
 
-ABOUT: { "delegate" "intro" }
+ABOUT: "delegate"
diff --git a/basis/delegate/delegate.factor b/basis/delegate/delegate.factor
index 12860337ff..e7ea370b8d 100644
--- a/basis/delegate/delegate.factor
+++ b/basis/delegate/delegate.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors parser generic kernel classes classes.tuple
 words slots assocs sequences arrays vectors definitions
-prettyprint math hashtables sets macros namespaces make ;
+prettyprint math hashtables sets generalizations namespaces make ;
 IN: delegate
 
 : protocol-words ( protocol -- words )
@@ -25,15 +25,7 @@ M: tuple-class group-words
 
 : consult-method ( word class quot -- )
     [ drop swap first create-method ]
-    [
-        nip
-        [
-            over second saver %
-            %
-            dup second restorer %
-            first ,
-        ] [ ] make
-    ] 3bi
+    [ nip [ , dup second , \ ndip , first , ] [ ] make ] 3bi
     define ;
 
 : change-word-prop ( word prop quot -- )
@@ -44,7 +36,7 @@ M: tuple-class group-words
 
 : define-consult ( group class quot -- )
     [ register-protocol ]
-    [ rot group-words -rot [ consult-method ] 2curry each ]
+    [ [ group-words ] 2dip [ consult-method ] 2curry each ]
     3bi ;
 
 : CONSULT:
diff --git a/basis/deques/deques-docs.factor b/basis/deques/deques-docs.factor
index 58f077ed1e..e747bd9316 100644
--- a/basis/deques/deques-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/deques/deques-docs.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ IN: deques
 
 HELP: deque-empty?
 { $values { "deque" deque } { "?" "a boolean" } }
-{ $description "Returns true if a deque is empty." }
+{ $contract "Returns true if a deque is empty." }
 { $notes "This operation is O(1)." } ;
 
 HELP: clear-deque
@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ HELP: clear-deque
      { "deque" deque } }
 { $description "Removes all elements from a deque." } ;
 
-HELP: deque-length
-{ $values
-     { "deque" deque }
-     { "n" integer } }
-{ $description "Returns the number of elements in a deque." } ;
-
 HELP: deque-member?
 { $values
      { "value" object } { "deque" deque }
@@ -31,7 +25,7 @@ HELP: push-front
 
 HELP: push-front*
 { $values { "obj" object } { "deque" deque } { "node" "a node" } }
-{ $description "Push the object onto the front of the deque and return the newly created node." } 
+{ $contract "Push the object onto the front of the deque and return the newly created node." } 
 { $notes "This operation is O(1)." } ;
 
 HELP: push-back
@@ -41,7 +35,7 @@ HELP: push-back
 
 HELP: push-back*
 { $values { "obj" object } { "deque" deque } { "node" "a node" } }
-{ $description "Push the object onto the back of the deque and return the newly created node." } 
+{ $contract "Push the object onto the back of the deque and return the newly created node." } 
 { $notes "This operation is O(1)." } ;
 
 HELP: push-all-back
@@ -56,7 +50,7 @@ HELP: push-all-front
 
 HELP: peek-front
 { $values { "deque" deque } { "obj" object } }
-{ $description "Returns the object at the front of the deque." } ;
+{ $contract "Returns the object at the front of the deque." } ;
 
 HELP: pop-front
 { $values { "deque" deque } { "obj" object } }
@@ -65,12 +59,12 @@ HELP: pop-front
 
 HELP: pop-front*
 { $values { "deque" deque } }
-{ $description "Pop the object off the front of the deque." }
+{ $contract "Pop the object off the front of the deque." }
 { $notes "This operation is O(1)." } ;
 
 HELP: peek-back
 { $values { "deque" deque } { "obj" object } }
-{ $description "Returns the object at the back of the deque." } ;
+{ $contract "Returns the object at the back of the deque." } ;
 
 HELP: pop-back
 { $values { "deque" deque } { "obj" object } }
@@ -79,13 +73,13 @@ HELP: pop-back
 
 HELP: pop-back*
 { $values { "deque" deque } }
-{ $description "Pop the object off the back of the deque." }
+{ $contract "Pop the object off the back of the deque." }
 { $notes "This operation is O(1)." } ;
 
 HELP: delete-node
 { $values
      { "node" object } { "deque" deque } }
-{ $description "Deletes the node from the deque." } ;
+{ $contract "Deletes the node from the deque." } ;
 
 HELP: deque
 { $description "A data structure that has constant-time insertion and removal of elements at both ends." } ;
@@ -111,7 +105,7 @@ $nl
 "Querying the deque:"
 { $subsection peek-front }
 { $subsection peek-back }
-{ $subsection deque-length }
+{ $subsection deque-empty? }
 { $subsection deque-member? }
 "Adding and removing elements:"
 { $subsection push-front* }
@@ -123,7 +117,6 @@ $nl
 { $subsection delete-node }
 { $subsection node-value }
 "Utility operations built in terms of the above:"
-{ $subsection deque-empty? }
 { $subsection push-front }
 { $subsection push-all-front }
 { $subsection push-back }
diff --git a/basis/deques/deques.factor b/basis/deques/deques.factor
index 1d86a3f1db..f4e68c214b 100644
--- a/basis/deques/deques.factor
+++ b/basis/deques/deques.factor
@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ GENERIC: peek-back ( deque -- obj )
 GENERIC: pop-front* ( deque -- )
 GENERIC: pop-back* ( deque -- )
 GENERIC: delete-node ( node deque -- )
-GENERIC: deque-length ( deque -- n )
 GENERIC: deque-member? ( value deque -- ? )
 GENERIC: clear-deque ( deque -- )
 GENERIC: node-value ( node -- value )
-
-: deque-empty? ( deque -- ? )
-    deque-length zero? ;
+GENERIC: deque-empty? ( deque -- ? )
 
 : push-front ( obj deque -- )
     push-front* drop ;
diff --git a/basis/dlists/dlists-docs.factor b/basis/dlists/dlists-docs.factor
index 557010cf7c..ef6087f852 100644
--- a/basis/dlists/dlists-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/dlists/dlists-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel quotations
-deques ;
+deques search-deques hashtables ;
 IN: dlists
 
 ARTICLE: "dlists" "Double-linked lists"
@@ -18,10 +18,20 @@ $nl
 { $subsection dlist-contains? }
 "Deleting a node matching a predicate:"
 { $subsection delete-node-if* }
-{ $subsection delete-node-if } ;
+{ $subsection delete-node-if }
+"Search deque implementation:"
+{ $subsection <hashed-dlist> } ;
 
 ABOUT: "dlists"
 
+HELP: <dlist>
+{ $values { "list" dlist } }
+{ $description "Creates a new double-linked list." } ;
+
+HELP: <hashed-dlist>
+{ $values { "search-deque" search-deque } }
+{ $description "Creates a new " { $link search-deque } " backed by a " { $link dlist } ", with a " { $link hashtable } " for fast membership tests." } ;
+
 HELP: dlist-find
 { $values { "dlist" { $link dlist } } { "quot" quotation } { "obj/f" "an object or " { $link f } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the " { $link dlist } " in turn, until it outputs a true value or the end of the " { $link dlist } " is reached.  Outputs either the object it found or " { $link f } ", and a boolean which is true if an object is found." }
diff --git a/basis/dlists/dlists-tests.factor b/basis/dlists/dlists-tests.factor
index 15022452ee..084aa0ac89 100644
--- a/basis/dlists/dlists-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/dlists/dlists-tests.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ IN: dlists.tests
 
 [ t ] [ <dlist> deque-empty? ] unit-test
 
-[ T{ dlist f T{ dlist-node f 1 f f } T{ dlist-node f 1 f f } 1 } ]
+[ T{ dlist f T{ dlist-node f 1 f f } T{ dlist-node f 1 f f } } ]
 [ <dlist> 1 over push-front ] unit-test
 
 ! Make sure empty lists are empty
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ IN: dlists.tests
 [ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front pop-back ] unit-test
 [ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back pop-front ] unit-test
 [ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back pop-back ] unit-test
-[ T{ dlist f f f 0 } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front dup pop-front* ] unit-test
-[ T{ dlist f f f 0 } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front dup pop-back* ] unit-test
-[ T{ dlist f f f 0 } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup pop-front* ] unit-test
-[ T{ dlist f f f 0 } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup pop-back* ] unit-test
+[ T{ dlist f f f } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front dup pop-front* ] unit-test
+[ T{ dlist f f f } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front dup pop-back* ] unit-test
+[ T{ dlist f f f } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup pop-front* ] unit-test
+[ T{ dlist f f f } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup pop-back* ] unit-test
 
 ! Test the prev,next links for two nodes
 [ f ] [
@@ -52,15 +52,6 @@ IN: dlists.tests
 [ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back [ 1 = ] delete-node-if ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup [ 1 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-empty? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup [ 1 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-empty? ] unit-test
-[ 0 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back dup [ 1 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back dup [ 1 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 2 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back 3 over push-back dup [ 1 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 2 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back 3 over push-back dup [ 2 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 2 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back 3 over push-back dup [ 3 = ] delete-node-if drop deque-length ] unit-test
-
-[ 0 ] [ <dlist> deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 1 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front deque-length ] unit-test
-[ 0 ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front dup pop-front* deque-length ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ <dlist> 4 over push-back 5 over push-back [ obj>> 4 = ] dlist-find-node drop class dlist-node = ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ <dlist> 4 over push-back 5 over push-back [ obj>> 5 = ] dlist-find-node drop class dlist-node = ] unit-test
@@ -77,3 +68,14 @@ IN: dlists.tests
 [ f ] [ <dlist> 3 over push-front 4 over push-back -1 swap deque-member? ] unit-test
 
 [ f ] [ <dlist> 0 swap deque-member? ] unit-test
+
+! Make sure clone does the right thing
+[ V{ 2 1 } V{ 2 1 3 } ] [
+    <dlist> 1 over push-front 2 over push-front
+    dup clone 3 over push-back
+    [ dlist>seq ] bi@
+] unit-test
+
+[ V{ f 3 1 f } ] [ <dlist> 1 over push-front 3 over push-front f over push-front f over push-back dlist>seq ] unit-test
+
+[ V{ } ] [ <dlist> dlist>seq ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/dlists/dlists.factor b/basis/dlists/dlists.factor
index 3b3cae2820..dcff476166 100644
--- a/basis/dlists/dlists.factor
+++ b/basis/dlists/dlists.factor
@@ -2,82 +2,86 @@
 ! Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: combinators kernel math sequences accessors deques
-summary ;
+search-deques summary hashtables ;
 IN: dlists
 
-TUPLE: dlist front back length ;
-
-: <dlist> ( -- obj )
-    dlist new
-        0 >>length ;
-
-M: dlist deque-length length>> ;
-
 <PRIVATE
 
-TUPLE: dlist-node obj prev next ;
+MIXIN: ?dlist-node
+
+INSTANCE: f ?dlist-node
+
+TUPLE: dlist-node obj { prev ?dlist-node } { next ?dlist-node } ;
+
+INSTANCE: dlist-node ?dlist-node
 
 C: <dlist-node> dlist-node
 
+PRIVATE>
+
+TUPLE: dlist
+{ front ?dlist-node }
+{ back ?dlist-node } ;
+
+: <dlist> ( -- list )
+    dlist new ; inline
+
+: <hashed-dlist> ( -- search-deque )
+    20 <hashtable> <dlist> <search-deque> ;
+
+M: dlist deque-empty? front>> not ;
+
 M: dlist-node node-value obj>> ;
 
-: inc-length ( dlist -- )
-    [ 1+ ] change-length drop ; inline
-
-: dec-length ( dlist -- )
-    [ 1- ] change-length drop ; inline
-
 : set-prev-when ( dlist-node dlist-node/f -- )
-    [ (>>prev) ] [ drop ] if* ;
+    [ (>>prev) ] [ drop ] if* ; inline
 
 : set-next-when ( dlist-node dlist-node/f -- )
-    [ (>>next) ] [ drop ] if* ;
+    [ (>>next) ] [ drop ] if* ; inline
 
 : set-next-prev ( dlist-node -- )
-    dup next>> set-prev-when ;
+    dup next>> set-prev-when ; inline
 
 : normalize-front ( dlist -- )
-    dup back>> [ f >>front ] unless drop ;
+    dup back>> [ f >>front ] unless drop ; inline
 
 : normalize-back ( dlist -- )
-    dup front>> [ f >>back ] unless drop ;
+    dup front>> [ f >>back ] unless drop ; inline
 
 : set-back-to-front ( dlist -- )
-    dup back>> [ dup front>> >>back ] unless drop ;
+    dup back>> [ dup front>> >>back ] unless drop ; inline
 
 : set-front-to-back ( dlist -- )
-    dup front>> [ dup back>> >>front ] unless drop ;
+    dup front>> [ dup back>> >>front ] unless drop ; inline
 
 : (dlist-find-node) ( dlist-node quot: ( node -- ? ) -- node/f ? )
     over [
         [ call ] 2keep rot
-        [ drop t ] [ >r next>> r> (dlist-find-node) ] if
+        [ drop t ] [ [ next>> ] dip (dlist-find-node) ] if
     ] [ 2drop f f ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : dlist-find-node ( dlist quot -- node/f ? )
-    >r front>> r> (dlist-find-node) ; inline
+    [ front>> ] dip (dlist-find-node) ; inline
 
 : dlist-each-node ( dlist quot -- )
     [ f ] compose dlist-find-node 2drop ; inline
 
 : unlink-node ( dlist-node -- )
     dup prev>> over next>> set-prev-when
-    dup next>> swap prev>> set-next-when ;
+    dup next>> swap prev>> set-next-when ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
 M: dlist push-front* ( obj dlist -- dlist-node )
     [ front>> f swap <dlist-node> dup dup set-next-prev ] keep
     [ (>>front) ] keep
-    [ set-back-to-front ] keep
-    inc-length ;
+    set-back-to-front ;
 
 M: dlist push-back* ( obj dlist -- dlist-node )
     [ back>> f <dlist-node> ] keep
     [ back>> set-next-when ] 2keep
     [ (>>back) ] 2keep
-    [ set-front-to-back ] keep
-    inc-length ;
+    set-front-to-back ;
 
 ERROR: empty-dlist ;
 
@@ -88,31 +92,27 @@ M: dlist peek-front ( dlist -- obj )
     front>> [ obj>> ] [ empty-dlist ] if* ;
 
 M: dlist pop-front* ( dlist -- )
-    dup front>> [ empty-dlist ] unless
     [
-        dup front>>
-        dup next>>
-        f rot (>>next)
-        f over set-prev-when
-        swap (>>front)
+        [
+            [ empty-dlist ] unless*
+            [ f ] change-next drop
+            f over set-prev-when
+        ] change-front drop
     ] keep
-    [ normalize-back ] keep
-    dec-length ;
+    normalize-back ;
 
 M: dlist peek-back ( dlist -- obj )
     back>> [ obj>> ] [ empty-dlist ] if* ;
 
 M: dlist pop-back* ( dlist -- )
-    dup back>> [ empty-dlist ] unless
     [
-        dup back>>
-        dup prev>>
-        f rot (>>prev)
-        f over set-next-when
-        swap (>>back)
+        [
+            [ empty-dlist ] unless*
+            [ f ] change-prev drop
+            f over set-next-when
+        ] change-back drop
     ] keep
-    [ normalize-front ] keep
-    dec-length ;
+    normalize-front ;
 
 : dlist-find ( dlist quot -- obj/f ? )
     [ obj>> ] prepose
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ M: dlist delete-node ( dlist-node dlist -- )
     {
         { [ 2dup front>> eq? ] [ nip pop-front* ] }
         { [ 2dup back>> eq? ] [ nip pop-back* ] }
-        [ dec-length unlink-node ]
+        [ drop unlink-node ]
     } cond ;
 
 : delete-node-if* ( dlist quot -- obj/f ? )
@@ -148,12 +148,19 @@ M: dlist delete-node ( dlist-node dlist -- )
 M: dlist clear-deque ( dlist -- )
     f >>front
     f >>back
-    0 >>length
     drop ;
 
 : dlist-each ( dlist quot -- )
     [ obj>> ] prepose dlist-each-node ; inline
 
+: dlist>seq ( dlist -- seq )
+    [ ] accumulator [ dlist-each ] dip ;
+
 : 1dlist ( obj -- dlist ) <dlist> [ push-front ] keep ;
 
+M: dlist clone
+    <dlist> [
+        [ push-back ] curry dlist-each
+    ] keep ;
+
 INSTANCE: dlist deque
diff --git a/basis/documents/documents-docs.factor b/basis/documents/documents-docs.factor
index 61fab306a2..974645b284 100644
--- a/basis/documents/documents-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/documents/documents-docs.factor
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ HELP: doc-lines
 { $errors "Throws an error if " { $snippet "from" } " or " { $snippet "to" } " is out of bounds." } ;
 
 HELP: each-line
-{ $values { "from" "a non-negative integer" } { "to" "a non-negative integer" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( string -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "from" "a non-negative integer" } { "to" "a non-negative integer" } { "quot" { $quotation "( string -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each line in the range." }
 { $notes "The range is created by calling " { $link <slice> } "." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if " { $snippet "from" } " or " { $snippet "to" } " is out of bounds." } ;
diff --git a/basis/documents/documents-tests.factor b/basis/documents/documents-tests.factor
index e09afebfc2..88e471cce1 100644
--- a/basis/documents/documents-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/documents/documents-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,37 @@
 IN: documents.tests
-USING: documents namespaces tools.test ;
+USING: documents namespaces tools.test make arrays kernel fry ;
 
 ! Tests
 
+[ { } ] [
+    [
+        { 1 10 }
+        { 1 10 } [ , "HI" , ] each-line
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { 1 "HI" } ] [
+    [
+        { 1 10 }
+        { 1 11 } [ , "HI" , ] each-line
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { 1 "HI" 2 "HI" } ] [
+    [
+        { 1 10 }
+        { 2 11 } [ , "HI" , ] each-line
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { { t f 1 } { t f 2 } } ] [
+    [
+        { 1 10 } { 2 11 }
+        t f
+        '[ [ _ _ ] dip 3array , ] each-line
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
 [ { 10 4 } ] [ { "a" } { 10 3 } text+loc ] unit-test
 [ { 10 4 } ] [ { "a" } { 10 3 } text+loc ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/documents/documents.factor b/basis/documents/documents.factor
index 54bc85284a..6993bcb65b 100644
--- a/basis/documents/documents.factor
+++ b/basis/documents/documents.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays io kernel math models namespaces make
 sequences strings splitting combinators unicode.categories
-math.order ;
+math.order math.ranges ;
 IN: documents
 
-: +col ( loc n -- newloc ) >r first2 r> + 2array ;
+: +col ( loc n -- newloc ) [ first2 ] dip + 2array ;
 
-: +line ( loc n -- newloc ) >r first2 swap r> + swap 2array ;
+: +line ( loc n -- newloc ) [ first2 swap ] dip + swap 2array ;
 
 : =col ( n loc -- newloc ) first swap 2array ;
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
 : doc-line ( n document -- string ) value>> nth ;
 
 : doc-lines ( from to document -- slice )
-    >r 1+ r> value>> <slice> ;
+    [ 1+ ] dip value>> <slice> ;
 
 : start-on-line ( document from line# -- n1 )
-    >r dup first r> = [ nip second ] [ 2drop 0 ] if ;
+    [ dup first ] dip = [ nip second ] [ 2drop 0 ] if ;
 
 : end-on-line ( document to line# -- n2 )
     over first over = [
@@ -47,12 +47,14 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
     2over = [
         3drop
     ] [
-        >r [ first ] bi@ 1+ dup <slice> r> each
+        [ [ first ] bi@ [a,b] ] dip each
     ] if ; inline
 
 : start/end-on-line ( from to line# -- n1 n2 )
-    tuck >r >r document get -rot start-on-line r> r>
-    document get -rot end-on-line ;
+    tuck
+    [ [ document get ] 2dip start-on-line ]
+    [ [ document get ] 2dip end-on-line ]
+    2bi* ;
 
 : (doc-range) ( from to line# -- )
     [ start/end-on-line ] keep document get doc-line <slice> , ;
@@ -60,16 +62,18 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
 : doc-range ( from to document -- string )
     [
         document set 2dup [
-            >r 2dup r> (doc-range)
+            [ 2dup ] dip (doc-range)
         ] each-line 2drop
     ] { } make "\n" join ;
 
 : text+loc ( lines loc -- loc )
-    over >r over length 1 = [
-        nip first2
-    ] [
-        first swap length 1- + 0
-    ] if r> peek length + 2array ;
+    over [
+        over length 1 = [
+            nip first2
+        ] [
+            first swap length 1- + 0
+        ] if
+    ] dip peek length + 2array ;
 
 : prepend-first ( str seq -- )
     0 swap [ append ] change-nth ;
@@ -78,25 +82,25 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
     [ length 1- ] keep [ prepend ] change-nth ;
 
 : loc-col/str ( loc document -- str col )
-    >r first2 swap r> nth swap ;
+    [ first2 swap ] dip nth swap ;
 
 : prepare-insert ( newinput from to lines -- newinput )
-    tuck loc-col/str tail-slice >r loc-col/str head-slice r>
+    tuck [ loc-col/str head-slice ] [ loc-col/str tail-slice ] 2bi*
     pick append-last over prepend-first ;
 
 : (set-doc-range) ( newlines from to lines -- )
     [ prepare-insert ] 3keep
-    >r [ first ] bi@ 1+ r>
+    [ [ first ] bi@ 1+ ] dip
     replace-slice ;
 
 : set-doc-range ( string from to document -- )
     [
-        >r >r >r string-lines r> [ text+loc ] 2keep r> r>
+        [ [ string-lines ] dip [ text+loc ] 2keep ] 2dip
         [ [ (set-doc-range) ] keep ] change-model
     ] keep update-locs ;
 
 : remove-doc-range ( from to document -- )
-    >r >r >r "" r> r> r> set-doc-range ;
+    [ "" ] 3dip set-doc-range ;
 
 : last-line# ( document -- line )
     value>> length 1- ;
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
     dupd doc-line length 2array ;
 
 : line-end? ( loc document -- ? )
-    >r first2 swap r> doc-line length = ;
+    [ first2 swap ] dip doc-line length = ;
 
 : doc-end ( document -- loc )
     [ last-line# ] keep line-end ;
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
         over first 0 < [
             2drop { 0 0 }
         ] [
-            >r first2 swap tuck r> validate-col 2array
+            [ first2 swap tuck ] dip validate-col 2array
         ] if
     ] if ;
 
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ TUPLE: document < model locs ;
     value>> "\n" join ;
 
 : set-doc-string ( string document -- )
-    >r string-lines V{ } like r> [ set-model ] keep
+    [ string-lines V{ } like ] dip [ set-model ] keep
     [ doc-end ] [ update-locs ] bi ;
 
 : clear-doc ( document -- )
@@ -141,17 +145,17 @@ GENERIC: prev-elt ( loc document elt -- newloc )
 GENERIC: next-elt ( loc document elt -- newloc )
 
 : prev/next-elt ( loc document elt -- start end )
-    3dup next-elt >r prev-elt r> ;
+    [ prev-elt ] [ next-elt ] 3bi ;
 
 : elt-string ( loc document elt -- string )
-    over >r prev/next-elt r> doc-range ;
+    [ prev/next-elt ] [ drop ] 2bi doc-range ;
 
 TUPLE: char-elt ;
 
 : (prev-char) ( loc document quot -- loc )
     -rot {
         { [ over { 0 0 } = ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ over second zero? ] [ >r first 1- r> line-end ] }
+        { [ over second zero? ] [ [ first 1- ] dip line-end ] }
         [ pick call ]
     } cond nip ; inline
 
@@ -175,14 +179,14 @@ M: one-char-elt prev-elt 2drop ;
 M: one-char-elt next-elt 2drop ;
 
 : (word-elt) ( loc document quot -- loc )
-    pick >r
-    >r >r first2 swap r> doc-line r> call
-    r> =col ; inline
+    pick [
+        [ [ first2 swap ] dip doc-line ] dip call
+    ] dip =col ; inline
 
 : ((word-elt)) ( n seq -- ? n seq ) [ ?nth blank? ] 2keep ;
 
 : break-detector ( ? -- quot )
-    [ >r blank? r> xor ] curry ; inline
+    [ [ blank? ] dip xor ] curry ; inline
 
 : (prev-word) ( ? col str -- col )
     rot break-detector find-last-from drop ?1+ ;
@@ -195,17 +199,17 @@ TUPLE: one-word-elt ;
 
 M: one-word-elt prev-elt
     drop
-    [ f -rot >r 1- r> (prev-word) ] (word-elt) ;
+    [ [ [ f ] dip 1- ] dip (prev-word) ] (word-elt) ;
 
 M: one-word-elt next-elt
     drop
-    [ f -rot (next-word) ] (word-elt) ;
+    [ [ f ] 2dip (next-word) ] (word-elt) ;
 
 TUPLE: word-elt ;
 
 M: word-elt prev-elt
     drop
-    [ [ >r 1- r> ((word-elt)) (prev-word) ] (word-elt) ]
+    [ [ [ 1- ] dip ((word-elt)) (prev-word) ] (word-elt) ]
     (prev-char) ;
 
 M: word-elt next-elt
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ M: one-line-elt prev-elt
     2drop first 0 2array ;
 
 M: one-line-elt next-elt
-    drop >r first dup r> doc-line length 2array ;
+    drop [ first dup ] dip doc-line length 2array ;
 
 TUPLE: line-elt ;
 
diff --git a/basis/editors/editors.factor b/basis/editors/editors.factor
index 7dfceafe59..6b49c939c3 100644
--- a/basis/editors/editors.factor
+++ b/basis/editors/editors.factor
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ SYMBOL: edit-hook
     require ;
 
 : edit-location ( file line -- )
-    >r (normalize-path) r>
-    edit-hook get-global
+    [ (normalize-path) ] dip edit-hook get-global
     [ call ] [ no-edit-hook edit-location ] if* ;
 
 : edit ( defspec -- )
@@ -64,10 +63,13 @@ M: object error-file
 M: object error-line
     drop f ;
 
-: :edit ( -- )
-    error get [ error-file ] [ error-line ] bi
+: (:edit) ( error -- )
+    [ error-file ] [ error-line ] bi
     2dup and [ edit-location ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
+: :edit ( -- )
+    error get (:edit) ;
+
 : edit-each ( seq -- )
     [
         [ "Editing " write . ]
diff --git a/basis/editors/emacs/emacs-docs.factor b/basis/editors/emacs/emacs-docs.factor
index 2ef1ced5ec..f55068e143 100644
--- a/basis/editors/emacs/emacs-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/editors/emacs/emacs-docs.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 USING: help help.syntax help.markup ;
+IN: editors.emacs
 
-ARTICLE: { "emacs" "emacs" } "Integration with Emacs"
-
-"Put this in your .emacs file:"
-
+ARTICLE: "editors.emacs" "Integration with Emacs"
+"Put this in your " { $snippet ".emacs" } " file:"
 { $code "(server-start)" }
-
-"If you would like a new window to open when you ask Factor to edit an object, put this in your .emacs file:"
-
+"If you would like a new window to open when you ask Factor to edit an object, put this in your " { $snippet ".emacs" } " file:"
 { $code "(setq server-window 'switch-to-buffer-other-frame)" }
-
 { $see-also "editor" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "editors.emacs"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/editors/emacs/emacs.factor b/basis/editors/emacs/emacs.factor
index 1d9f72f8c3..79387f9820 100644
--- a/basis/editors/emacs/emacs.factor
+++ b/basis/editors/emacs/emacs.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 USING: definitions io.launcher kernel parser words sequences math
-math.parser namespaces editors make ;
+math.parser namespaces editors make system ;
 IN: editors.emacs
 
 : emacsclient ( file line -- )
     [
-        "emacsclient" ,
-        "--no-wait" ,
+        \ emacsclient get "emacsclient" or ,
+        os windows? [ "--no-wait" , ] unless
         "+" swap number>string append ,
         ,
     ] { } make try-process ;
diff --git a/basis/editors/etexteditor/authors.txt b/basis/editors/etexteditor/authors.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7b1e3b7fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/etexteditor/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Kibleur Christophe
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/editors/etexteditor/etexteditor.factor b/basis/editors/etexteditor/etexteditor.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..316bd24cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/etexteditor/etexteditor.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Kibleur Christophe.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: editors io.files io.launcher kernel math.parser
+namespaces sequences windows.shell32 make ;
+IN: editors.etexteditor
+
+: etexteditor-path ( -- str )
+    \ etexteditor-path get-global [
+        program-files "e\\e.exe" append-path
+    ] unless* ;
+
+: etexteditor ( file line -- )
+    [
+        etexteditor-path ,
+        [ , ] [ "--line" , number>string , ] bi*
+    ] { } make run-detached drop ;
+
+[ etexteditor ] edit-hook set-global
diff --git a/basis/editors/etexteditor/summary.txt b/basis/editors/etexteditor/summary.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..46537003d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/etexteditor/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+etexteditor integration
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/tags.txt b/basis/editors/etexteditor/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/tags.txt
rename to basis/editors/etexteditor/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/editors/notepad2/authors.txt b/basis/editors/notepad2/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7852139357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/notepad2/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Marc Fauconneau
diff --git a/basis/editors/notepad2/notepad2.factor b/basis/editors/notepad2/notepad2.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d333e45dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/notepad2/notepad2.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+USING: editors io.files io.launcher kernel math.parser
+namespaces sequences windows.shell32 make ;
+IN: editors.notepad2
+
+: notepad2-path ( -- str )
+    \ notepad2-path get-global [
+        program-files "C:\\Windows\\system32\\notepad.exe" append-path
+   ] unless* ;
+
+: notepad2 ( file line -- )
+    [
+        notepad2-path ,
+        "/g" , number>string , ,
+    ] { } make run-detached drop ;
+
+[ notepad2 ] edit-hook set-global
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/editors/notepad2/summary.txt b/basis/editors/notepad2/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab4a8ce377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/editors/notepad2/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Notepad2 editor integration
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/tags.txt b/basis/editors/notepad2/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/tags.txt
rename to basis/editors/notepad2/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/environment/environment.factor b/basis/environment/environment.factor
index 492925c7c0..d6ce34dbcf 100644
--- a/basis/environment/environment.factor
+++ b/basis/environment/environment.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: assocs combinators kernel sequences splitting system
-vocabs.loader ;
+vocabs.loader init ;
 IN: environment
 
 HOOK: os-env os ( key -- value )
@@ -25,3 +25,11 @@ HOOK: (set-os-envs) os ( seq -- )
     { [ os winnt? ] [ "environment.winnt" require ] }
     { [ os wince? ] [ ] }
 } cond
+
+[
+    "FACTOR_ROOTS" os-env
+    [
+        os windows? ";" ":" ? split
+        [ add-vocab-root ] each
+    ] when*    
+] "environment" add-init-hook
diff --git a/basis/farkup/farkup.factor b/basis/farkup/farkup.factor
index 21e3c05d04..284d5758a3 100644
--- a/basis/farkup/farkup.factor
+++ b/basis/farkup/farkup.factor
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TUPLE: line-break ;
     { "http://" "https://" "ftp://" } [ head? ] with contains? ;
 
 : simple-link-title ( string -- string' )
-    dup absolute-url? [ "/" last-split1 swap or ] unless ;
+    dup absolute-url? [ "/" split1-last swap or ] unless ;
 
 EBNF: parse-farkup
 nl               = ("\r\n" | "\r" | "\n") => [[ drop "\n" ]]
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ stand-alone
     } cond ;
 
 : escape-link ( href text -- href-esc text-esc )
-    >r check-url escape-quoted-string r> escape-string ;
+    [ check-url escape-quoted-string ] dip escape-string ;
 
 : write-link ( href text -- )
     escape-link
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ stand-alone
     ] if ;
 
 : render-code ( string mode -- string' )
-    >r string-lines r>
+    [ string-lines ] dip
     [
         <pre>
             htmlize-lines
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-docs.factor b/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-docs.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c775dbd78..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-docs.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-USING: arrays bit-arrays vectors strings sbufs
-kernel help.markup help.syntax math ;
-IN: float-arrays
-
-ARTICLE: "float-arrays" "Float arrays"
-"Float arrays are fixed-size mutable sequences (" { $link "sequence-protocol" } ") whose elements are instances of " { $link float } ". Elements are unboxed, hence the memory usage is lower than an equivalent " { $link array } " of floats."
-$nl
-"Float array words are in the " { $vocab-link "float-arrays" } " vocabulary."
-$nl
-"Float arrays play a special role in the C library interface; they can be used to pass binary data back and forth between Factor and C. See " { $link "c-byte-arrays" } "."
-$nl
-"Float arrays form a class of objects."
-{ $subsection float-array }
-{ $subsection float-array? }
-"There are several ways to construct float arrays."
-{ $subsection >float-array }
-{ $subsection <float-array> }
-"Creating a float array from several elements on the stack:"
-{ $subsection 1float-array }
-{ $subsection 2float-array }
-{ $subsection 3float-array }
-{ $subsection 4float-array }
-"Float array literal syntax:"
-{ $subsection POSTPONE: F{ } ;
-
-ABOUT: "float-arrays"
-
-HELP: F{
-{ $syntax "F{ elements... }" }
-{ $values { "elements" "a list of real numbers" } }
-{ $description "Marks the beginning of a literal float array. Literal float arrays are terminated by " { $link POSTPONE: } } "." } 
-{ $examples { $code "F{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 }" } } ;
-
-HELP: float-array
-{ $description "The class of float arrays." } ;
-
-HELP: <float-array> ( n -- float-array )
-{ $values { "n" "a non-negative integer" } { "float-array" "a new float array" } }
-{ $description "Creates a new float array holding " { $snippet "n" } " floats with all elements initially set to " { $snippet "0.0" } "." } ;
-
-HELP: >float-array
-{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "float-array" float-array } }
-{ $description "Outputs a freshly-allocated float array whose elements have the same floating-point values as a given sequence." }
-{ $errors "Throws an error if the sequence contains elements other than real numbers." } ;
-
-HELP: 1float-array
-{ $values { "x" object } { "array" float-array } }
-{ $description "Create a new float array with one element." } ;
-
-{ 1array 2array 3array 4array } related-words
-
-HELP: 2float-array
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "array" float-array } }
-{ $description "Create a new float array with two elements, with " { $snippet "x" } " appearing first." } ;
-
-HELP: 3float-array
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "array" float-array } }
-{ $description "Create a new float array with three elements, with " { $snippet "x" } " appearing first." } ;
-
-HELP: 4float-array
-{ $values { "w" object } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "array" float-array } }
-{ $description "Create a new float array with four elements, with " { $snippet "w" } " appearing first." } ;
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-tests.factor b/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 64070b99b7..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-IN: float-arrays.tests
-USING: float-arrays tools.test sequences.private ;
-
-[ F{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 } ] [ 3 <float-array> ] unit-test
-
-[ F{ 1 2 3 0 0 0 } ] [ 6 F{ 1 2 3 } resize ] unit-test
-
-[ F{ 1 2 } ] [ 2 F{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 } resize ] unit-test
-
-[ -10 F{ } resize ] must-fail
-
-[ F{ 1.3 } ] [ 1.3 1float-array ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays.factor b/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index ab3eef62a5..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-arrays/float-arrays.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel kernel.private alien.accessors sequences
-sequences.private math math.private byte-arrays accessors
-alien.c-types parser prettyprint.backend ;
-IN: float-arrays
-
-TUPLE: float-array
-{ length array-capacity read-only }
-{ underlying byte-array read-only } ;
-
-: <float-array> ( n -- float-array )
-    dup "double" <c-array> float-array boa ; inline
-
-M: float-array clone
-    [ length>> ] [ underlying>> clone ] bi float-array boa ;
-
-M: float-array length length>> ;
-
-M: float-array nth-unsafe
-    underlying>> double-nth ;
-
-M: float-array set-nth-unsafe
-    [ >float ] 2dip underlying>> set-double-nth ;
-
-: >float-array ( seq -- float-array )
-    T{ float-array } clone-like ; inline
-
-M: float-array like
-    drop dup float-array? [ >float-array ] unless ;
-
-M: float-array new-sequence
-    drop <float-array> ;
-
-M: float-array equal?
-    over float-array? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
-
-M: float-array resize
-    [ drop ] [
-        [ "double" heap-size * ] [ underlying>> ] bi*
-        resize-byte-array
-    ] 2bi
-    float-array boa ;
-
-M: float-array byte-length length "double" heap-size * ;
-
-INSTANCE: float-array sequence
-
-: 1float-array ( x -- array )
-    1 <float-array> [ set-first ] keep ; inline
-
-: 2float-array ( x y -- array )
-    T{ float-array } 2sequence ; inline
-
-: 3float-array ( x y z -- array )
-    T{ float-array } 3sequence ; inline
-
-: 4float-array ( w x y z -- array )
-    T{ float-array } 4sequence ; inline
-
-: F{ \ } [ >float-array ] parse-literal ; parsing
-
-M: float-array pprint-delims drop \ F{ \ } ;
-M: float-array >pprint-sequence ;
-M: float-array pprint* pprint-object ;
-
-! Rice
-USING: hints math.vectors arrays ;
-
-HINTS: vneg { float-array } { array } ;
-HINTS: v*n { float-array float } { array object } ;
-HINTS: n*v { float float-array } { array object } ;
-HINTS: v/n { float-array float } { array object } ;
-HINTS: n/v { float float-array } { object array } ;
-HINTS: v+ { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: v- { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: v* { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: v/ { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: vmax { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: vmin { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: v. { float-array float-array } { array array } ;
-HINTS: norm-sq { float-array } { array } ;
-HINTS: norm { float-array } { array } ;
-HINTS: normalize { float-array } { array } ;
-
-! More rice. Experimental, currently causes a slowdown in raytracer
-! for some odd reason.
-
-USING: words classes.algebra compiler.tree.propagation.info ;
-
-{ v+ v- v* v/ vmax vmin } [
-    [
-        [ class>> float-array class<= ] both?
-        float-array object ? <class-info>
-    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
-] each
-
-{ n*v n/v } [
-    [
-        nip class>> float-array class<= float-array object ? <class-info>
-    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
-] each
-
-{ v*n v/n } [
-    [
-        drop class>> float-array class<= float-array object ? <class-info>
-    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
-] each
-
-{ vneg normalize } [
-    [
-        class>> float-array class<= float-array object ? <class-info>
-    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
-] each
-
-\ norm-sq [
-    class>> float-array class<= float object ? <class-info>
-] "outputs" set-word-prop
-
-\ v. [
-    [ class>> float-array class<= ] both?
-    float object ? <class-info>
-] "outputs" set-word-prop
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/summary.txt b/basis/float-arrays/summary.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0eac3b0b1a..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-arrays/summary.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Efficient fixed-length floating point number arrays
diff --git a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-docs.factor b/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-docs.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 714c8512c1..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-docs.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-USING: arrays float-arrays help.markup help.syntax kernel
-combinators ;
-IN: float-vectors
-
-ARTICLE: "float-vectors" "Float vectors"
-"A float vector is a resizable mutable sequence of unsigned floats. Float vector words are found in the " { $vocab-link "float-vectors" } " vocabulary."
-$nl
-"Float vectors form a class:"
-{ $subsection float-vector }
-{ $subsection float-vector? }
-"Creating float vectors:"
-{ $subsection >float-vector }
-{ $subsection <float-vector> }
-"Literal syntax:"
-{ $subsection POSTPONE: FV{ }
-"If you don't care about initial capacity, a more elegant way to create a new float vector is to write:"
-{ $code "FV{ } clone" } ;
-
-ABOUT: "float-vectors"
-
-HELP: float-vector
-{ $description "The class of resizable float vectors. See " { $link "float-vectors" } " for information." } ;
-
-HELP: <float-vector>
-{ $values { "n" "a positive integer specifying initial capacity" } { "float-vector" float-vector } }
-{ $description "Creates a new float vector that can hold " { $snippet "n" } " floats before resizing." } ;
-
-HELP: >float-vector
-{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "float-vector" float-vector } }
-{ $description "Outputs a freshly-allocated float vector with the same elements as a given sequence." }
-{ $errors "Throws an error if the sequence contains elements other than real numbers." } ;
-
-HELP: FV{
-{ $syntax "FV{ elements... }" }
-{ $values { "elements" "a list of real numbers" } }
-{ $description "Marks the beginning of a literal float vector. Literal float vectors are terminated by " { $link POSTPONE: } } "." } 
-{ $examples { $code "FV{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 }" } } ;
diff --git a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-tests.factor b/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 1483b269e0..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-USING: tools.test float-vectors vectors sequences kernel math ;
-IN: float-vectors.tests
-
-[ 0 ] [ 123 <float-vector> length ] unit-test
-
-: do-it
-    12345 [ >float over push ] each ;
-
-[ t ] [
-    3 <float-vector> do-it
-    3 <vector> do-it sequence=
-] unit-test
-
-[ t ] [ FV{ } float-vector? ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors.factor b/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e93582f04..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-vectors/float-vectors.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays kernel kernel.private math sequences
-sequences.private growable float-arrays prettyprint.backend
-parser accessors ;
-IN: float-vectors
-
-TUPLE: float-vector
-{ underlying float-array initial: F{ } }
-{ length array-capacity } ;
-
-: <float-vector> ( n -- float-vector )
-    <float-array> 0 float-vector boa ; inline
-
-: >float-vector ( seq -- float-vector )
-    T{ float-vector f F{ } 0 } clone-like ;
-
-M: float-vector like
-    drop dup float-vector? [
-        dup float-array?
-        [ dup length float-vector boa ] [ >float-vector ] if
-    ] unless ;
-
-M: float-vector new-sequence
-    drop [ <float-array> ] [ >fixnum ] bi float-vector boa ;
-
-M: float-vector equal?
-    over float-vector? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
-
-M: float-array new-resizable drop <float-vector> ;
-
-INSTANCE: float-vector growable
-
-: FV{ \ } [ >float-vector ] parse-literal ; parsing
-
-M: float-vector >pprint-sequence ;
-M: float-vector pprint-delims drop \ FV{ \ } ;
-M: float-vector pprint* pprint-object ;
diff --git a/basis/float-vectors/summary.txt b/basis/float-vectors/summary.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c476f41a6e..0000000000
--- a/basis/float-vectors/summary.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Growable float arrays
diff --git a/basis/freetype/freetype.factor b/basis/freetype/freetype.factor
index 8572a8bd91..683169e394 100644
--- a/basis/freetype/freetype.factor
+++ b/basis/freetype/freetype.factor
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ C-STRUCT: glyph
     { "FT_Pos" "advance-x" }
     { "FT_Pos" "advance-y" }
 
-    { "long" "format" }
+    { "intptr_t" "format" }
 
     { "int" "bitmap-rows" }
     { "int" "bitmap-width" }
diff --git a/basis/fry/fry-docs.factor b/basis/fry/fry-docs.factor
index 286dbb469e..1dff0942bd 100644
--- a/basis/fry/fry-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/fry/fry-docs.factor
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ HELP: fry
 } ;
 
 HELP: '[
-{ $syntax "code... ]" }
+{ $syntax "'[ code... ]" }
 { $description "Literal fried quotation. Expands into code which takes values from the stack and substitutes them in place of the fry specifiers " { $link _ } " and " { $link @ } "." }
 { $examples "See " { $link "fry.examples" } "." } ;
 
+HELP: >r/r>-in-fry-error
+{ $error-description "Thrown by " { $link POSTPONE: '[ } " if the fried quotation contains calls to " { $link >r } " or " { $link r> } ". Explicit retain stack manipulation of this form does not work with fry; use " { $link dip } " instead." } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "fry.examples" "Examples of fried quotations"
 "The easiest way to understand fried quotations is to look at some examples."
 $nl
@@ -43,12 +46,14 @@ $nl
     "{ 10 20 30 } [ sq ] [ . ] compose each"
     "{ 10 20 30 } [ sq . ] each"
 }
-"The " { $link _ } " and " { $link @ } " specifiers may be freely mixed:"
+"The " { $link _ } " and " { $link @ } " specifiers may be freely mixed, and the result is considerably more concise and readable than the version using " { $link curry } " and " { $link compose } " directly:"
 { $code
     "{ 8 13 14 27 } [ even? ] 5 '[ @ dup _ ? ] map"
-    "{ 8 13 14 27 } [ even? ] 5 [ dup ] swap [ ? ] curry 3compose map"
+    "{ 8 13 14 27 } [ even? ] 5 [ dup ] swap [ ? ] curry compose compose map"
     "{ 8 13 14 27 } [ even? dup 5 ? ] map"
 }
+"The following is a no-op:"
+{ $code "'[ @ ]" }
 "Here are some built-in combinators rewritten in terms of fried quotations:"
 { $table
     { { $link literalize } { $snippet ": literalize '[ _ ] ;" } }
@@ -70,22 +75,21 @@ ARTICLE: "fry.philosophy" "Fried quotation philosophy"
     "[let | a [ ] b [ ] | [ 3 a + 4 b / ] ]"
 } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "fry.limitations" "Fried quotation limitations"
-"As with " { $vocab-link "locals" } ", fried quotations cannot contain " { $link >r } " and " { $link r> } ". This is not a real limitation in practice, since " { $link dip } " can be used instead." ;
-
 ARTICLE: "fry" "Fried quotations"
-"A " { $emphasis "fried quotation" } " differs from a literal quotation in that when it is evaluated, instead of just pushing itself on the stack, it consumes zero or more stack values and inserts them into the quotation."
+"The " { $vocab-link "fry" } " vocabulary implements " { $emphasis "fried quotation" } ". Conceptually, fried quotations are quotations with ``holes'' (more formally, " { $emphasis "fry specifiers" } "), and the holes are filled in when the fried quotation is pushed on the stack."
 $nl
-"Fried quotations are denoted with a special parsing word:"
+"Fried quotations are started by a special parsing word:"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: '[ }
-"Fried quotations contain zero or more " { $emphasis "fry specifiers" } ":"
+"There are two types of fry specifiers; the first can hold a value, and the second ``splices'' a quotation, as if it were inserted without surrounding brackets:"
 { $subsection _ }
 { $subsection @ }
-"When a fried quotation is being evaluated, values are consumed from the stack and spliced into the quotation from right to left."
+"The holes are filled in with the top of stack going in the rightmost hole, the second item on the stack going in the second hole from the right, and so on."
 { $subsection "fry.examples" }
 { $subsection "fry.philosophy" }
-{ $subsection "fry.limitations" }
-"Quotations can also be fried without using a parsing word:"
-{ $subsection fry } ;
+"Fry is implemented as a parsing word which reads a quotation and scans for occurrences of " { $link _ } " and " { $link @ } "; these words are not actually executed, and doing so raises an error (this can happen if they're accidentally used outside of a fry)."
+$nl
+"Fried quotations can also be constructed without using a parsing word; this is useful when meta-programming:"
+{ $subsection fry }
+"Fried quotations are an abstraction on top of the " { $link "compositional-combinators" } "; their use is encouraged over the combinators, because often the fry form is shorter and clearer than the combinator form." ;
 
 ABOUT: "fry"
diff --git a/basis/fry/fry-tests.factor b/basis/fry/fry-tests.factor
index d4a3b8b734..0137e8be22 100644
--- a/basis/fry/fry-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/fry/fry-tests.factor
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
 IN: fry.tests
 USING: fry tools.test math prettyprint kernel io arrays
-sequences ;
+sequences eval accessors ;
 
 [ [ 3 + ] ] [ 3 '[ _ + ] ] unit-test
 
 [ [ 1 3 + ] ] [ 1 3 '[ _ _ + ] ] unit-test
 
-[ [ 1 + ] ] [ 1 [ + ] '[ _ @ ] ] unit-test
+[ [ 1 [ + ] call ] ] [ 1 [ + ] '[ _ @ ] ] unit-test
 
-[ [ 1 + . ] ] [ 1 [ + ] '[ _ @ . ] ] unit-test
+[ [ 1 [ + ] call . ] ] [ 1 [ + ] '[ _ @ . ] ] unit-test
 
-[ [ + - ] ] [ [ + ] [ - ] '[ @ @ ] ] unit-test
+[ [ [ + ] [ - ] [ call ] dip call ] ] [ [ + ] [ - ] '[ @ @ ] ] unit-test
 
-[ [ "a" write "b" print ] ]
+[ [ "a" "b" [ write ] dip print ] ]
 [ "a" "b" '[ _ write _ print ] ] unit-test
 
-[ [ 1 2 + 3 4 - ] ]
-[ [ + ] [ - ] '[ 1 2 @ 3 4 @ ] ] unit-test
-
 [ 1/2 ] [
     1 '[ [ _ ] dip / ] 2 swap call
 ] unit-test
@@ -58,3 +55,10 @@ sequences ;
 [ { { { 3 } } } ] [
     3 '[ [ [ _ 1array ] call 1array ] call 1array ] call
 ] unit-test
+
+[ "USING: fry kernel ; f '[ >r _ r> ]" eval ]
+[ error>> >r/r>-in-fry-error? ] must-fail-with
+
+[ { { "a" 1 } { "b" 2 } { "c" 3 } { "d" 4 } } ] [
+    1 2 3 4 '[ "a" _ 2array "b" _ 2array "c" _ 2array "d" _ 2array 4array ] call
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/fry/fry.factor b/basis/fry/fry.factor
index 87c59e18a0..f84ad233cd 100644
--- a/basis/fry/fry.factor
+++ b/basis/fry/fry.factor
@@ -1,33 +1,32 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov, Eduardo Cavazos.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences combinators parser splitting math
-quotations arrays make words ;
+quotations arrays make words locals.backend summary sets ;
 IN: fry
 
 : _ ( -- * ) "Only valid inside a fry" throw ;
 : @ ( -- * ) "Only valid inside a fry" throw ;
 
+ERROR: >r/r>-in-fry-error ;
+
 <PRIVATE
 
-DEFER: (shallow-fry)
-DEFER: shallow-fry
+: [ncurry] ( n -- quot )
+    {
+        { 0 [ [ ] ] }
+        { 1 [ [ curry ] ] }
+        { 2 [ [ 2curry ] ] }
+        { 3 [ [ 3curry ] ] }
+        [ \ curry <repetition> ]
+    } case ;
 
-: ((shallow-fry)) ( accum quot adder -- result )
-    >r shallow-fry r>
-    append swap [
-        [ prepose ] curry append
-    ] unless-empty ; inline
+M: >r/r>-in-fry-error summary
+    drop
+    "Explicit retain stack manipulation is not permitted in fried quotations" ;
 
-: (shallow-fry) ( accum quot -- result )
-    [ 1quotation ] [
-        unclip {
-            { \ _ [ [ curry ] ((shallow-fry)) ] }
-            { \ @ [ [ compose ] ((shallow-fry)) ] }
-            [ swap >r suffix r> (shallow-fry) ]
-        } case
-    ] if-empty ;
-
-: shallow-fry ( quot -- quot' ) [ ] swap (shallow-fry) ;
+: check-fry ( quot -- quot )
+    dup { >r r> load-locals get-local drop-locals } intersect
+    empty? [ >r/r>-in-fry-error ] unless ;
 
 PREDICATE: fry-specifier < word { _ @ } memq? ;
 
@@ -37,15 +36,21 @@ M: callable count-inputs [ count-inputs ] sigma ;
 M: fry-specifier count-inputs drop 1 ;
 M: object count-inputs drop 0 ;
 
+GENERIC: deep-fry ( obj -- )
+
+: shallow-fry ( quot -- quot' curry# )
+    check-fry
+    [ [ deep-fry ] each ] [ ] make
+    [ dup \ @ = [ drop [ _ call ] ] [ 1array ] if ] map concat
+    { _ } split [ spread>quot ] [ length 1- ] bi ;
+
 PRIVATE>
 
-: fry ( quot -- quot' )
-    [
-        [
-            dup callable? [
-                [ count-inputs \ _ <repetition> % ] [ fry % ] bi
-            ] [ , ] if
-        ] each
-    ] [ ] make shallow-fry ;
+: fry ( quot -- quot' ) shallow-fry [ncurry] swap prefix ;
+
+M: callable deep-fry
+    [ count-inputs \ _ <repetition> % ] [ fry % ] bi ;
+
+M: object deep-fry , ;
 
 : '[ \ ] parse-until fry over push-all ; parsing
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/authors.txt b/basis/functors/authors.txt
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/float-arrays/authors.txt
rename to basis/functors/authors.txt
diff --git a/basis/functors/functors-tests.factor b/basis/functors/functors-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39923afee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/functors/functors-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+IN: functors.tests
+USING: functors tools.test math words kernel ;
+
+<<
+
+FUNCTOR: define-box ( T -- )
+
+B DEFINES ${T}-box
+<B> DEFINES <${B}>
+
+WHERE
+
+TUPLE: B { value T } ;
+
+C: <B> B
+
+;FUNCTOR
+
+\ float define-box
+
+>>
+
+{ 1 0 } [ define-box ] must-infer-as
+
+[ T{ float-box f 5.0 } ] [ 5.0 <float-box> ] unit-test
+
+: twice ( word -- )
+    [ execute ] [ execute ] bi ; inline
+<<
+
+FUNCTOR: wrapper-test ( W -- )
+
+WW DEFINES ${W}${W}
+
+WHERE
+
+: WW W twice ; inline
+
+;FUNCTOR
+
+\ sq wrapper-test
+
+>>
+
+\ sqsq must-infer
+
+[ 16 ] [ 2 sqsq ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/functors/functors.factor b/basis/functors/functors.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5ac3b6878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/functors/functors.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel locals.private quotations classes.tuple make
+combinators generic words interpolate namespaces sequences
+io.streams.string fry classes.mixin effects lexer parser
+classes.tuple.parser effects.parser ;
+IN: functors
+
+: scan-param ( -- obj )
+    scan-object dup special? [ literalize ] unless ;
+
+: define* ( word def effect -- ) pick set-word define-declared ;
+
+: DEFINE* ( accum -- accum ) effect get parsed \ define* parsed ;
+
+: `TUPLE:
+    scan-param parsed
+    scan {
+        { ";" [ tuple parsed f parsed ] }
+        { "<" [ scan-param [ parse-tuple-slots ] { } make parsed ] }
+        [
+            [ tuple parsed ] dip
+            [ parse-slot-name [ parse-tuple-slots ] when ] { }
+            make parsed
+        ]
+    } case
+    \ define-tuple-class parsed ; parsing
+
+: `M:
+    effect off
+    scan-param parsed
+    scan-param parsed
+    \ create-method parsed
+    parse-definition parsed
+    DEFINE* ; parsing
+
+: `C:
+    effect off
+    scan-param parsed
+    scan-param parsed
+    [ [ boa ] curry ] over push-all
+    DEFINE* ; parsing
+
+: `:
+    effect off
+    scan-param parsed
+    parse-definition parsed
+    DEFINE* ; parsing
+
+: `INSTANCE:
+    scan-param parsed
+    scan-param parsed
+    \ add-mixin-instance parsed ; parsing
+
+: `inline \ inline parsed ; parsing
+
+: `parsing \ parsing parsed ; parsing
+
+: `(
+    ")" parse-effect effect set ; parsing
+
+: (INTERPOLATE) ( accum quot -- accum )
+    [ scan interpolate-locals ] dip
+    '[ _ with-string-writer @ ] parsed ;
+
+: IS [ dup search [ ] [ no-word ] ?if ] (INTERPOLATE) ; parsing
+
+: DEFINES [ create-in ] (INTERPOLATE) ; parsing
+
+DEFER: ;FUNCTOR delimiter
+
+: functor-words ( -- assoc )
+    H{
+        { "TUPLE:" POSTPONE: `TUPLE: }
+        { "M:" POSTPONE: `M: }
+        { "C:" POSTPONE: `C: }
+        { ":" POSTPONE: `: }
+        { "INSTANCE:" POSTPONE: `INSTANCE: }
+        { "inline" POSTPONE: `inline }
+        { "parsing" POSTPONE: `parsing }
+        { "(" POSTPONE: `( }
+    } ;
+
+: push-functor-words ( -- )
+    functor-words use get push ;
+
+: pop-functor-words ( -- )
+    functor-words use get delq ;
+
+: parse-functor-body ( -- form )
+    t in-lambda? [
+        V{ } clone
+        push-functor-words
+        "WHERE" parse-bindings* \ ;FUNCTOR (parse-lambda)
+        <let*> parsed-lambda
+        pop-functor-words
+        >quotation
+    ] with-variable ;
+
+: (FUNCTOR:) ( -- word def )
+    CREATE
+    parse-locals
+    parse-functor-body swap pop-locals <lambda>
+    lambda-rewrite first ;
+
+: FUNCTOR: (FUNCTOR:) define ; parsing
diff --git a/basis/functors/summary.txt b/basis/functors/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d95b366bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/functors/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+First-class syntax
diff --git a/extra/mortar/tags.txt b/basis/functors/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/mortar/tags.txt
rename to basis/functors/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/furnace/actions/actions-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/actions/actions-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd453ae16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/actions/actions-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+USING: assocs classes help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string
+http http.server.dispatchers http.server.responses
+furnace.redirection strings multiline ;
+IN: furnace.actions
+
+HELP: <action>
+{ $values { "action" action } }
+{ $description "Creates a new action." } ;
+
+HELP: <chloe-content>
+{ $values
+     { "path" "a pathname string" }
+     { "response" response }
+}
+{ $description "Creates an HTTP response which serves a Chloe template. See " { $link "html.templates.chloe" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: <page-action>
+{ $values { "page" action } }
+{ $description "Creates a new action which serves a Chloe template when servicing a GET request." } ;
+
+HELP: action
+{ $class-description "The class of Furnace actions. New instances are created with " { $link <action> } ". New instances of subclasses can be created with " { $link new-action } ". The " { $link page-action } " class is a useful subclass."
+$nl
+"Action slots are documented in " { $link "furnace.actions.config" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: new-action
+{ $values
+     { "class" class }
+     { "action" action }
+}
+{ $description "Constructs a subclass of " { $link action } "." } ;
+
+HELP: page-action
+{ $class-description "The class of Chloe page actions. These are actions whose " { $slot "display" } " slot is pre-set to serve the Chloe template stored in the " { $slot "page" } " slot." } ;
+
+HELP: param
+{ $values
+     { "name" string }
+     { "value" string }
+}
+{ $description "Outputs the value of a query parameter (if the current request is a GET or HEAD request) or a POST parameter (if the current request is a POST request)." }
+{ $notes "Instead of using this word, it is better to use " { $link validate-params } " and then access parameters via " { $link "html.forms.values" } " words." } ;
+
+HELP: params
+{ $var-description "A variable holding an assoc of query parameters (if the current request is a GET or HEAD request) or POST parameters (if the current request is a POST request)." }
+{ $notes "Instead of using this word, it is better to use " { $link validate-params } " and then access parameters via " { $link "html.forms.values" } " words." } ;
+
+HELP: validate-integer-id
+{ $description "A utility word which validates an integer parameter named " { $snippet "id" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    { $code
+        "<action>"
+        "    ["
+        "        validate-integer-id"
+        "        \"id\" value <person> select-tuple from-object"
+        "    ] >>init"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: validate-params
+{ $values
+     { "validators" "an association list mapping parameter names to validator quotations" }
+}
+{ $description "Validates query or POST parameters, depending on the request type, and stores them in " { $link "html.forms.values" } ". The validator quotations can execute " { $link "validators" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    "A simple validator from " { $vocab-link "webapps.todo" } "; this word is invoked from the " { $slot "validate" } " quotation of action for editing a todo list item:"
+    { $code
+        <" : validate-todo ( -- )
+    {
+        { "summary" [ v-one-line ] }
+        { "priority" [ v-integer 0 v-min-value 10 v-max-value ] }
+        { "description" [ v-required ] }
+    } validate-params ;">
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: validation-failed
+{ $description "Stops processing the current request and takes action depending on the type of the current request:"
+    { $list
+        { "For GET or HEAD requests, the client receives a " { $link <400> } " response." }
+        { "For POST requests, the client is sent back to the page containing the form submission, with current form values and validation errors passed in a " { $link "furnace.conversations" } "." }
+    }
+"This word is called by " { $link validate-params } " and can also be called directly. For more details, see " { $link "furnace.actions.lifecycle" } "." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.page.example" "Furnace page action example"
+"The " { $vocab-link "webapps.counter" } " vocabulary defines a subclass of " { $link dispatcher } ":"
+{ $code "TUPLE: counter-app < dispatcher ;" }
+"The " { $snippet "<counter-app>" } " constructor word creates a new instance of the " { $snippet "counter-app" } " class, and adds a " { $link page-action } " instance to the dispatcher. This " { $link page-action } " has its " { $slot "template" } " slot set as follows,"
+{ $code "{ counter-app \"counter\" } >>template" }
+"This means the action will serve the Chloe template located at " { $snippet "resource:extra/webapps/counter/counter.xml" } " upon receiving a GET request." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.page" "Furnace page actions"
+"Page actions implement the common case of an action that simply serves a Chloe template in response to a GET request."
+{ $subsection page-action }
+{ $subsection <page-action> }
+"When using a page action, instead of setting the " { $slot "display" } " slot, the " { $slot "template" } " slot is set instead. The " { $slot "init" } ", " { $slot "authorize" } ", " { $slot "validate" } " and " { $slot "submit" } " slots can still be set as usual."
+$nl
+"The " { $slot "template" } " slot of a " { $link page-action } " contains a pair with shape " { $snippet "{ responder name }" } ", where " { $snippet "responder" } " is a responder class, usually a subclass of " { $link dispatcher } ", and " { $snippet "name" } " is the name of a template file, without the " { $snippet ".xml" } " extension, relative to the directory containing the responder's vocabulary source file."
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.page.example" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.config" "Furnace action configuration"
+"Actions have the following slots:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "rest" } { "A parameter name to map the rest of the URL, after the action name, to. If this is not set, then navigating to a URL where the action is not the last path component will return to the client with an error." } }
+    { { $slot "init" } { "A quotation called at the beginning of a GET or HEAD request. Typically this quotation configures " { $link "html.forms" } " and parses query parameters." } }
+    { { $slot "authorize" } { "A quotation called at the beginning of a GET, HEAD or POST request. In GET requests, it is called after the " { $slot "init" } " quotation; in POST requests, it is called after the " { $slot "validate" } " quotation. By convention, this quotation performs custom authorization checks which depend on query parameters or POST parameters." } }
+    { { $slot "display" } { "A quotation called after the " { $slot "init" } " quotation in a GET request. This quotation must return an HTTP " { $link response } "." } }
+    { { $slot "validate" } { "A quotation called at the beginning of a POST request to validate POST parameters." } }
+    { { $slot "submit" } { "A quotation called after the " { $slot "validate" } " quotation in a POST request. This quotation must return an HTTP " { $link response } "." } }
+}
+"At least one of the " { $slot "display" } " and " { $slot "submit" } " slots must be set, otherwise the action will be useless." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.validation" "Form validation with actions"
+"The action code is set up so that the " { $slot "init" } " quotation can validate query parameters, and the " { $slot "validate" } " quotation can validate POST parameters."
+$nl
+"A word to validate parameters and make them available as HTML form values (see " { $link "html.forms.values" } "); typically this word is invoked from the " { $slot "init" } " and " { $slot "validate" } " quotations:"
+{ $subsection validate-params }
+"The above word expects an association list mapping parameter names to validator quotations; validator quotations can use the words in the " 
+"Custom validation logic can invoke a word when validation fails; " { $link validate-params } " invokes this word for you:"
+{ $subsection validation-failed }
+"If validation fails, no more action code is executed, and the client is redirected back to the originating page, where validation errors can be displayed. Note that validation errors are rendered automatically by the " { $link "html.components" } " words, and in particular, " { $link "html.templates.chloe" } " use these words." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.lifecycle" "Furnace action lifecycle"
+{ $heading "GET request lifecycle" }
+"A GET request results in the following sequence of events:"
+{ $list
+    { "The " { $snippet "init" } " quotation is called." }
+    { "The " { $snippet "authorize" } " quotation is called." }
+    { "If the GET request was generated as a result of form validation failing during a POST, then the form values entered by the user, along with validation errors, are stored in " { $link "html.forms.values" } "." }
+    { "The " { $snippet "display" } " quotation is called; it is expected to output an HTTP " { $link response } " on the stack." }
+}
+"Any one of the above steps can perform validation; if " { $link validation-failed } " is called during a GET request, the client receives a " { $link <400> } " error."
+{ $heading "HEAD request lifecycle" }
+"A HEAD request proceeds exactly like a GET request. The only difference is that the " { $slot "body" } " slot of the " { $link response } " object is never rendered."
+{ $heading "POST request lifecycle" }
+"A POST request results in the following sequence of events:"
+{ $list
+    { "The " { $snippet "validate" } " quotation is called." }
+    { "The " { $snippet "authorize" } " quotation is called." }
+    { "The " { $snippet "submit" } " quotation is called; it is expected to output an HTTP " { $link response } " on the stack. By convention, this response should be a " { $link <redirect> } "." }
+}
+"Any one of the above steps can perform validation; if " { $link validation-failed } " is called during a POST request, the client is sent back to the page containing the form submission, with current form values and validation errors passed in a " { $link "furnace.conversations" } "." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions.impl" "Furnace actions implementation"
+"The following words are used by the action implementation and there is rarely any reason to call them directly:"
+{ $subsection new-action }
+{ $subsection param }
+{ $subsection params } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.actions" "Furnace actions"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.actions" } " vocabulary implements a type of responder, called an " { $emphasis "action" } ", which handles the form validation lifecycle."
+$nl
+"Other than form validation capability, actions are also often simpler to use than implementing new responders directly, since creating a new class is not required, and the action dispatches on the request type (GET, HEAD, or POST)."
+$nl
+"The class of actions:"
+{ $subsection action }
+"Creating a new action:"
+{ $subsection <action> }
+"Once created, an action needs to be configured; typically the creation and configuration of an action is encapsulated into a single word:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.config" }
+"Validating forms with actions:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.validation" }
+"More about the form validation lifecycle:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.lifecycle" }
+"A convenience class:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.page" }
+"Low-level features:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions.impl" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.actions"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/actions/actions.factor b/basis/furnace/actions/actions.factor
index 7505b3c612..72a7b76d23 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/actions/actions.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/actions/actions.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ io arrays math boxes splitting urls
 xml.entities
 http.server
 http.server.responses
-furnace
+furnace.utilities
 furnace.redirection
 furnace.conversations
 html.forms
@@ -22,18 +22,7 @@ SYMBOL: params
 
 SYMBOL: rest
 
-: render-validation-messages ( -- )
-    form get errors>>
-    [
-        <ul "errors" =class ul>
-            [ <li> escape-string write </li> ] each
-        </ul>
-    ] unless-empty ;
-
-CHLOE: validation-messages
-    drop [ render-validation-messages ] [code] ;
-
-TUPLE: action rest authorize init display validate submit ;
+TUPLE: action rest init authorize display validate submit ;
 
 : new-action ( class -- action )
     new [ ] >>init [ ] >>validate [ ] >>authorize ; inline
diff --git a/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f108428c90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+IN: furnace.alloy
+USING: help.markup help.syntax db multiline ;
+
+HELP: init-furnace-tables
+{ $description "Initializes database tables used by asides, conversations and session management. This word must be invoked inside a " { $link with-db } " scope." } ;
+
+HELP: <alloy>
+{ $values { "responder" "a responder" } { "db" db } { "responder'" "an alloy responder" } }
+{ $description "Wraps the responder with support for asides, conversations, sessions and database persistence." }
+{ $examples
+    "The " { $vocab-link "webapps.counter" } " vocabulary uses an alloy to configure the counter:"
+    { $code
+        <" : counter-db ( -- db ) "counter.db" <sqlite-db> ;
+
+: run-counter ( -- )
+    <counter-app>
+        counter-db <alloy>
+        main-responder set-global
+    8080 httpd ;">
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: start-expiring
+{ $values { "db" db } }
+{ $description "Starts a timer which expires old session state from the given database." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.alloy" "Furnace alloy responder"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary implements a convenience responder which combines several Furnace features into one easy-to-use wrapper:"
+{ $list
+    { $link "furnace.asides" }
+    { $link "furnace.conversations" }
+    { $link "furnace.sessions" }
+    { $link "furnace.db" }
+}
+"A word to wrap a responder in an alloy:"
+{ $subsection <alloy> }
+"Initializing database tables for asides, conversations and sessions:"
+{ $subsection init-furnace-tables }
+"Start a timer to expire asides, conversations and sessions:"
+{ $subsection start-expiring } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.alloy"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy.factor b/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy.factor
index 128ec448b7..0fe80427b9 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/alloy/alloy.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ USING: kernel sequences db.tuples alarms calendar db fry
 furnace.db
 furnace.cache
 furnace.asides
-furnace.referrer
 furnace.sessions
 furnace.conversations
 furnace.auth.providers
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ IN: furnace.alloy
         <conversations>
         <sessions>
     ] dip
-    <db-persistence>
-    <check-form-submissions> ;
+    <db-persistence> ;
 
 : start-expiring ( db -- )
     '[
diff --git a/basis/furnace/asides/asides-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/asides/asides-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5b7bdd537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/asides/asides-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string urls
+furnace.redirection http furnace.sessions furnace.db ;
+IN: furnace.asides
+
+HELP: <asides>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "responder'" "a new responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new " { $link asides } " responder wrapping an existing responder." } ;
+
+HELP: begin-aside
+{ $values { "url" url } }
+{ $description "Begins an aside. When the current action returns a " { $link <redirect> } ", the redirect will have query parameters which reference the current page via an opaque handle." } ;
+
+HELP: end-aside
+{ $values { "default" url } { "response" response } }
+{ $description "Ends an aside. If an aside is currently active, the response redirects the client " } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.asides" "Furnace asides"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.asides" } " vocabulary provides support for sending a user to a page which can then return to the former location."
+$nl
+"To use asides, wrap your responder in an aside responder:"
+{ $subsection <asides> }
+"The asides responder must be wrapped inside a session responder (" { $link <sessions> } "), which in turn must be wrapped inside a database persistence responder (" { $link <db-persistence> } "). The " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary combines all of these responders into one."
+$nl
+"Saving the current page in an aside which propagates through " { $link <redirect> } " responses:"
+{ $subsection begin-aside }
+"Returning from an aside:"
+{ $subsection end-aside }
+"Asides are used by " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.login" } "; when the client requests a protected page, an aside begins and the client is redirected to a login page. Upon a successful login, the aside ends and the client returns to the protected page. If the client directly visits the login page and logs in, there is no current aside, so the client is sent to the default URL passed to " { $link end-aside } ", which in the case of login is the root URL." ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.asides"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/asides/asides.factor b/basis/furnace/asides/asides.factor
index 6d4196cf0b..7489d19f94 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/asides/asides.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/asides/asides.factor
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ USING: namespaces assocs kernel sequences accessors hashtables
 urls db.types db.tuples math.parser fry logging combinators
 html.templates.chloe.syntax
 http http.server http.server.filters http.server.redirection
-furnace
 furnace.cache
 furnace.sessions
+furnace.utilities
 furnace.redirection ;
 IN: furnace.asides
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/auth-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/auth-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7e722344a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/auth-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+USING: assocs classes help.markup help.syntax kernel
+quotations strings words furnace.auth.providers.db
+checksums.sha2 furnace.auth.providers math byte-arrays
+http multiline ;
+IN: furnace.auth
+
+HELP: <protected>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "protected" "a new responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps a responder in a protected responder. Access to the wrapped responder will be conditional upon the client authenticating with the current authentication realm." } ;
+
+HELP: >>encoded-password
+{ $values { "user" user } { "string" string } }
+{ $description "Sets the user's password by combining it with a random salt and encoding it with the current authentication realm's checksum." } ;
+
+HELP: capabilities
+{ $var-description "Global variable holding all defined capabilities. New capabilities may be defined with " { $link define-capability } "." } ;
+
+HELP: check-login
+{ $values { "password" string } { "username" string } { "user/f" { $maybe user } } }
+{ $description "Checks a username/password pair with the current authentication realm. Outputs a user if authentication succeeded, otherwise outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
+
+HELP: define-capability
+{ $values { "word" symbol } }
+{ $description "Defines a new capability by adding it to the " { $link capabilities } " global variable." } ;
+
+HELP: encode-password
+{ $values
+     { "string" string } { "salt" integer }
+     { "bytes" byte-array }
+}
+{ $description "Encodes a password with the current authentication realm's checksum." } ;
+
+HELP: have-capabilities?
+{ $values
+     { "capabilities" "a sequence of capabilities" }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "Tests if the currently logged-in user possesses the given capabilities." } ;
+
+HELP: logged-in-user
+{ $var-description "Holds the currently logged-in user." } ;
+
+HELP: login-required
+{ $values
+     { "description" string } { "capabilities" "a sequence of capabilities" }
+}
+{ $description "Redirects the client to a login page." } ;
+
+HELP: login-required*
+{ $values
+     { "description" string } { "capabilities" "a sequence of capabilities" } { "realm" "an authenticaiton realm" }
+     { "response" response }
+}
+{ $contract "Constructs an HTTP response for redirecting the client to a login page." } ;
+
+HELP: protected
+{ $class-description "The class of protected responders. See " { $link "furnace.auth.protected" } " for a description of usage and slots." } ;
+
+HELP: realm
+{ $class-description "The class of authentication realms. See " { $link "furnace.auth.realms" } " for details." } ;
+
+HELP: uchange
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } }
+{ $description "Applies the quotation to the old value of the user profile variable, and assigns the resulting value back to the variable." } ;
+
+HELP: uget
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "value" object } }
+{ $description "Outputs the value of a user profile variable." } ;
+
+HELP: uset
+{ $values { "value" object } { "key" symbol } }
+{ $description "Sets the value of a user profile variable." } ;
+
+HELP: username
+{ $values { "string/f" { $maybe string } }
+}
+{ $description "Outputs the currently logged-in username, or " { $link f } " if no user is logged in." } ;
+HELP: users
+{ $values { "provider" "an authentication provider" } }
+{ $description "Outputs the current authentication provider." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.capabilities" "Authentication capabilities"
+"Every user in the authentication framework has a set of associated capabilities."
+$nl
+"Defining new capabilities:"
+{ $subsection define-capability }
+"Capabilities are stored in a global variable:"
+{ $subsection capabilities }
+"Protected resources can be restricted to users possessing certain capabilities only by storing a sequence of capabilities in the " { $slot "capabilities" } " slot of a " { $link protected } " instance." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.protected" "Protected resources"
+"To restrict access to authenticated clients only, wrap a responder in a protected responder."
+{ $subsection protected }
+{ $subsection <protected> }
+"Protected responders have the following two slots which may be set:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "description" } "A string identifying the protected resource for user interface purposes" }
+    { { $slot "capabilities" } { "A sequence of capabilities; see " { $link "furnace.auth.capabilities" } } }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.realm-config" "Authentication realm configuration"
+"Instances of subclasses of " { $link realm } " have the following slots which may be set:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "name" } "A string identifying the realm for user interface purposes" }
+    { { $slot "users" } { "An authentication provider (see " { $link "furnace.auth.providers" } ". By default, the " { $link users-in-db } " provider is used." } }
+    { { $slot "checksum" } { "An implementation of the checksum protocol used for verifying passwords (see " { $link "checksums" } "). The " { $link sha-256 } " checksum is used by default." } }
+    { { $slot "users" } { "An authentication provider (see " { $link "furnace.auth.providers" } } }
+    { { $slot "secure" } { "A boolean, that when set to a true value, forces the client to access the authentication realm via HTTPS. An attempt to access the realm via HTTP results in a redirect to the corresponding HTTPS URL. On by default." } }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.providers" "Authentication providers"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth" } " framework looks up users using an authentication provider. Different authentication providers can be swapped in to implement various authentication strategies."
+$nl
+"Each authentication realm has a provider stored in the " { $slot "users" } " slot. The default provider is " { $link users-in-db } "."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.providers.protocol" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.providers.null" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.providers.assoc" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.providers.db" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.features" "Optional authentication features"
+"Vocabularies having names prefixed by " { $code "furnace.auth.features" } "  implement optional features which can be enabled by calling special words. These words define new actions on an authentication realm."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.features.edit-profile" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.features.recover-password" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.features.registration" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.realms" "Authentication realms"
+"The superclass of authentication realms:"
+{ $subsection realm }
+"There are two concrete implementations:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.basic" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.login" }
+"Authentication realms need to be configured after construction."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.realm-config" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.users" "User profiles"
+"A responder wrapped in an authentication realm may access the currently logged-in user,"
+{ $subsection logged-in-user }
+"as well as the logged-in username:"
+{ $subsection username }
+"Values can also be stored in user profile variables:"
+{ $subsection uget }
+{ $subsection uset }
+{ $subsection uchange }
+"User profile variables have the same restrictions on their values as session variables; see " { $link "furnace.sessions.serialize" } " for a discussion." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.example" "Furnace authentication example"
+"The " { $vocab-link "webapps.todo" } " vocabulary wraps all of its responders in a protected responder. The " { $slot "description" } " slot is set so that the login page contains the message ``You must log in to view your todo list'':"
+{ $code
+    <" <protected>
+    "view your todo list" >>description">
+}
+"The " { $vocab-link "webapps.wiki" } " vocabulary defines a mix of protected and unprotected actions. One example of a protected action is that for deleting wiki pages, an action normally reserved for administrators. This action is protected with the following code:"
+{ $code
+    <" <protected>
+    "delete wiki articles" >>description
+    { can-delete-wiki-articles? } >>capabilities">
+}
+"The " { $vocab-link "websites.concatenative" } " vocabulary wraps all of its responders, including the wiki, in a login authentication realm:"
+{ $code
+<" : <login-config> ( responder -- responder' )
+    "Factor website" <login-realm>
+        "Factor website" >>name
+        allow-registration
+        allow-password-recovery
+        allow-edit-profile
+        allow-deactivation ;">
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth" "Furnace authentication"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth" } " vocabulary implements a pluggable authentication framework."
+$nl
+"Usernames and passwords are verified using an " { $emphasis "authentication provider" } "."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.providers" }
+"Users have capabilities assigned to them."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.capabilities" }
+"An " { $emphasis "authentication realm" } " is a responder which manages access to protected resources."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.realms" }
+"Actions contained inside an authentication realm can be protected by wrapping them with a responder."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.protected" }
+"Actions contained inside an authentication realm can access the currently logged-in user profile."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.users" }
+"Authentication realms can be adorned with additional functionality."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.features" }
+"An administration tool."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.user-admin" }
+"A concrete example."
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth.example" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/auth.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/auth.factor
index 1b5c5f9e73..b9c961941c 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/auth.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/auth.factor
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ html.forms
 http.server
 http.server.filters
 http.server.dispatchers
-furnace
 furnace.actions
+furnace.utilities
 furnace.redirection
 furnace.boilerplate
 furnace.auth.providers
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/basic/basic-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/basic/basic-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0d3184c78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/basic/basic-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
+IN: furnace.auth.basic
+
+HELP: <basic-auth-realm>
+{ $values { "responder" "a responder" } { "name" "an authentication realm name" } { "realm" basic-auth-realm } }
+{ $description "Wraps a responder in a basic authentication realm. The realm must be configured before use; see " { $link "furnace.auth.realm-config" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: basic-auth-realm
+{ $class-description "The basic authentication realm class. Slots are described in " { $link "furnace.auth.realm-config" } "." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.basic" "Basic authentication"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.basic" } " vocabulary implements HTTP basic authentication."
+{ $subsection basic-auth-realm }
+{ $subsection <basic-auth-realm> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.basic"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/deactivate-user/deactivate-user-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/deactivate-user/deactivate-user-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef4f2e1075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/deactivate-user/deactivate-user-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel ;
+IN: furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user
+
+HELP: allow-deactivation
+{ $values { "realm" "an authentication realm" } }
+{ $description "Adds a " { $snippet "deactivate-user" } " action to an authentication realm." } ;
+
+HELP: allow-deactivation?
+{ $values { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Outputs true if the current authentication realm allows user profile deactivation." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user" "User profile deactivation"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user" } " vocabulary implements an authentication feature for user profile deactivation, allowing users to voluntarily deactivate their account."
+$nl
+"To enable this feature, call the following word on an authentication realm:"
+{ $subsection allow-deactivation }
+"To check if deactivation is enabled:"
+{ $subsection allow-deactivation? }
+"This feature adds a " { $snippet "deactivate-user" } " action to the realm, and a link to this action can be inserted in Chloe templates using the following XML snippet:"
+{ $code
+    "<t:if t:code=\"furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user:allow-deactivation?\">"
+    "    <t:button t:action=\"$realm/deactivate-user\">Deactivate user</t:button>"
+    "</t:if>"
+} ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f3c9d151b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel ;
+IN: furnace.auth.features.edit-profile
+
+HELP: allow-edit-profile
+{ $values { "realm" "an authentication realm" } }
+{ $description "Adds an " { $snippet "edit-profile" } " action to an authentication realm." } ;
+
+HELP: allow-edit-profile?
+{ $values { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Outputs true if the current authentication realm allows user profile editing." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.features.edit-profile" "User profile editing"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.features.edit-profile" } " vocabulary implements an authentication feature for user profile editing, allowing users to change some details of their account."
+$nl
+"To enable this feature, call the following word on an authentication realm:"
+{ $subsection allow-edit-profile }
+"To check if profile editing is enabled:"
+{ $subsection allow-edit-profile? }
+"This feature adds an " { $snippet "edit-profile" } " action to the realm, and a link to this action can be inserted in Chloe templates using the following XML snippet:"
+{ $code
+    "<t:if t:code=\"furnace.auth.features.edit-profile:allow-edit-profile?\">"
+    "    <t:button t:action=\"$realm/edit-profile\">Edit profile</t:button>"
+    "</t:if>"
+} ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.factor
index 243ea7bfff..cefb472b22 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.factor
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ IN: furnace.auth.features.edit-profile
     <protected>
         "edit your profile" >>description ;
 
-: allow-edit-profile ( login -- login )
+: allow-edit-profile ( realm -- realm )
     <edit-profile-action> <auth-boilerplate> "edit-profile" add-responder ;
 
 : allow-edit-profile? ( -- ? )
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.xml b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.xml
index f486f4e246..f85869e56a 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.xml
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/edit-profile/edit-profile.xml
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
 	</table>
 
 	<p>
-		<button>Update</button>
-		<t:validation-messages />
+		<button type="submit">Update</button>
+		<t:validation-errors />
 	</p>
 
 	</t:form>
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-1.xml b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-1.xml
index a8b67513a4..6dc882538e 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-1.xml
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-1.xml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
 		</table>
 
-		<button>Recover password</button>
+		<button type="submit">Recover password</button>
 
 	</t:form>
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-3.xml b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-3.xml
index a8ea635a1f..ec68e27947 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-3.xml
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-3.xml
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 		</table>
 
 		<p>
-			<button>Set password</button>
-			<t:validation-messages />
+			<button type="submit">Set password</button>
+			<t:validation-errors />
 		</p>
 
 	</t:form>
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dc7e99eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel strings urls ;
+IN: furnace.auth.features.recover-password
+
+HELP: allow-password-recovery
+{ $values { "realm" "an authentication realm" } }
+{ $description "Adds a " { $snippet "recover-password" } " action to an authentication realm." } ;
+
+HELP: allow-password-recovery?
+{ $values { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Outputs true if the current authentication realm allows user password recovery." } ;
+
+HELP: lost-password-from
+{ $var-description "A variable with the source e-mail address of password recovery e-mails." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.features.recover-password" "User password recovery"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.features.recover-password" }
+" vocabulary implements an authentication feature for user password recovery, allowing users to get a new password e-mailed to them in the event they forget their current one."
+$nl
+"To enable this feature, first call the following word on an authentication realm,"
+{ $subsection allow-password-recovery }
+"Then set a global configuration variable:"
+{ $subsection lost-password-from }
+"In addition, the " { $link "smtp" } " may need to be configured as well."
+$nl
+"To check if password recovery is enabled:"
+{ $subsection allow-password-recovery? }
+"This feature adds a " { $snippet "recover-password" } " action to the realm, and a link to this action can be inserted in Chloe templates using the following XML snippet:"
+{ $code
+    "<t:if t:code=\"furnace.auth.features.recover-password:allow-password-recovery?\">"
+    "    <t:button t:action=\"$realm/recover-password\">Recover password</t:button>"
+    "</t:if>"
+} ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.features.recover-password"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password.factor
index 49e692d5a6..77be30a2d1 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/recover-password/recover-password.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 ! Copyright (c) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: namespaces make accessors kernel assocs arrays io.sockets
-threads fry urls smtp validators html.forms present
-http http.server.responses http.server.redirection
-http.server.dispatchers
-furnace furnace.actions furnace.auth furnace.auth.providers
-furnace.redirection ;
+threads fry urls smtp validators html.forms present http
+http.server.responses http.server.redirection
+http.server.dispatchers furnace.actions furnace.auth
+furnace.auth.providers furnace.redirection furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.auth.features.recover-password
 
 SYMBOL: lost-password-from
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ SYMBOL: lost-password-from
     <page-action>
         { realm "features/recover-password/recover-4" } >>template ;
 
-: allow-password-recovery ( login -- login )
+: allow-password-recovery ( realm -- realm )
     <recover-action-1> <auth-boilerplate>
         "recover-password" add-responder
     <recover-action-2> <auth-boilerplate>
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/register.xml b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/register.xml
index b0d6971d1b..1e2fec6dd0 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/register.xml
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/register.xml
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
 
 		<p>
 
-			<button>Register</button>
-			<t:validation-messages />
+			<button type="submit">Register</button>
+			<t:validation-errors />
 
 		</p>
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f12570173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel ;
+IN: furnace.auth.features.registration
+
+HELP: allow-registration
+{ $values { "realm" "an authentication realm" } }
+{ $description "Adds a " { $snippet "registration" } " action to an authentication realm." } ;
+
+HELP: allow-registration?
+{ $values { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Outputs true if the current authentication realm allows user registration." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.features.registration" "User registration"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.features.registration" } " vocabulary implements an authentication feature for user registration, allowing new users to create accounts."
+$nl
+"To enable this feature, call the following word on an authentication realm:"
+{ $subsection allow-registration }
+"To check if user registration is enabled:"
+{ $subsection allow-registration? }
+"This feature adds a " { $snippet "register" } " action to the realm. A link to this action is inserted on the login page if the " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.login" } " authentication realm is used. Links to this action can be inserted from other pages using the following Chloe XML snippet:"
+{ $code
+    "<t:if t:code=\"furnace.auth.features.registration:allow-registration?\">"
+    "    <t:button t:action=\"$realm/register\">Register</t:button>"
+    "</t:if>"
+} ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration.factor
index ef8923c98b..7f73f0c404 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/features/registration/registration.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors assocs kernel namespaces validators html.forms urls
 http.server.dispatchers
-furnace furnace.auth furnace.auth.providers furnace.actions
+furnace.auth furnace.auth.providers furnace.actions
 furnace.redirection ;
 IN: furnace.auth.features.registration
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ IN: furnace.auth.features.registration
     <auth-boilerplate>
     <secure-realm-only> ;
 
-: allow-registration ( login -- login )
+: allow-registration ( realm -- realm )
     <register-action> "register" add-responder ;
 
 : allow-registration? ( -- ? )
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/login/login-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08b7d933e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel strings ;
+IN: furnace.auth.login
+
+HELP: <login-realm>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" } { "name" string }
+     { "realm" "a new responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps a responder in a new login realm with the given name. The realm must be configured before use; see " { $link "furnace.auth.realm-config" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: login-realm
+{ $class-description "The login realm class. Slots are described in " { $link "furnace.auth.realm-config" } "." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.login" "Login authentication"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.login" } " vocabulary implements an authentication realm which displays a login page with a username and password field."
+{ $subsection login-realm }
+{ $subsection <login-realm> }
+"The " { $snippet "logout" } " action logs the user out of the realm, and a link to this action can be inserted in Chloe templates using the following XML snippet:"
+{ $code
+    "<t:button t:action=\"$login-realm/logout\">Logout</t:button>"
+} ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.login"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.factor
index 2c98672490..fff301eb2f 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 USING: kernel accessors namespaces sequences math.parser
 calendar validators urls logging html.forms
 http http.server http.server.dispatchers
-furnace
 furnace.auth
 furnace.asides
 furnace.actions
@@ -58,9 +57,13 @@ M: login-realm modify-form ( responder -- )
     permit-id get [ delete-permit ] when*
     URL" $realm" end-aside ;
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 SYMBOL: description
 SYMBOL: capabilities
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : flashed-variables { description capabilities } ;
 
 : login-failed ( -- * )
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ M: login-realm login-required* ( description capabilities login -- response )
 M: login-realm user-registered ( user realm -- )
     drop successful-login ;
 
-: <login-realm> ( responder name -- auth )
+: <login-realm> ( responder name -- realm )
     login-realm new-realm
         <login-action> "login" add-responder
         <logout-action> "logout" add-responder
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.xml b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.xml
index 766c097ca5..9a37174e95 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.xml
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/login/login.xml
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 
 		<p>
 
-			<button>Log in</button>
-			<t:validation-messages />
+			<button type="submit">Log in</button>
+			<t:validation-errors />
 
 		</p>
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/providers/assoc/assoc-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/assoc/assoc-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61c2ac4eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/assoc/assoc-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string ;
+IN: furnace.auth.providers.assoc
+
+HELP: <users-in-memory>
+{ $values { "provider" users-in-memory } }
+{ $description "Creates a new authentication provider which stores the usernames and passwords in an associative mapping." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.providers.assoc" "In-memory authentication provider"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.providers.assoc" } " vocabulary implements an authentication provider which looks up usernames and passwords in an associative mapping."
+{ $subsection users-in-memory }
+{ $subsection <users-in-memory> }
+"The " { $slot "assoc" } " slot of the " { $link users-in-memory } " tuple maps usernames to checksums of passwords." ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.providers.assoc"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/providers/db/db-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/db/db-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..219edf9490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/db/db-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
+IN: furnace.auth.providers.db
+
+HELP: users-in-db
+{ $class-description "Singleton class implementing the database authentication provider." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.providers.db" "Database authentication provider"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.providers.db" } " vocabulary implements an authentication provider which looks up authentication requests in the " { $snippet "USERS" } " table of the current database. The database schema is Factor-specific, and the table should be initialized by calling"
+{ $code "users create-table" }
+"The authentication provider class:"
+{ $subsection users-in-db } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.providers.db"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/providers/null/null-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/null/null-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..100b16c7d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/null/null-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
+IN: furnace.auth.providers.null
+
+HELP: no-users
+{ $class-description "Singleton class implementing the dummy authentication provider." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.providers.null" "Dummy authentication provider"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.providers.null" } " vocabulary implements an authentication provider which refuses all authentication requests. It is only useful for testing purposes." ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.providers.null"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/auth/providers/providers-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/providers-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d15bf4f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/auth/providers/providers-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax strings ;
+IN: furnace.auth.providers
+
+HELP: user
+{ $class-description "The class of users. Instances have the following slots:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "username" } { "The username, used to identify the user for login purposes" } }
+    { { $slot "realname" } { "The user's real name, optional" } }
+    { { $slot "password" } { "The user's password, encoded with a checksum" } }
+    { { $slot "salt" } { "A random salt prepended to the password to ensure that two users with the same plain-text password still have different checksum output" } }
+    { { $slot "email" } { "The user's e-mail address, optional" } }
+    { { $slot "ticket" } { "Used for password recovery" } }
+    { { $slot "capabilities" } { "A sequence of capabilities; see " { $link "furnace.auth.capabilities" } } }
+    { { $slot "profile" } { "A hashtable with webapp-specific configuration" } }
+    { { $slot "deleted" } { "A boolean indicating whether the user is active or not. This allows a user account to be deactivated without removing the user from the database" } }
+    { { $slot "changed?" } { "A boolean indicating whether the user has changed since being retrieved from the database" } }
+} } ;
+
+HELP: add-user
+{ $values { "provider" "an authentication provider" } { "user" user } }
+{ $description "A utility word which calls " { $link new-user }  " and throws an error if the user already exists." } ;
+
+HELP: get-user
+{ $values { "username" string } { "provider" "an authentication provider" } { "user/f" { $maybe user } } }
+{ $contract "Looks up a username in the authentication provider." } ;
+
+HELP: new-user
+{ $values { "user" user } { "provider" "an authentication provider" } { "user/f" { $maybe user } } }
+{ $contract "Adds a new user to the authentication provider. Outputs " { $link f } " if a user with this username already exists." } ;
+
+HELP: update-user
+{ $values { "user" user } { "provider" "an authentication provider" } }
+{ $contract "Stores a user back to an authentication provider after being changed. This is a no-op with in-memory providers; providers which use an external store will save the user in this word. " } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.providers.protocol" "Authentication provider protocol"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.auth.providers" } " vocabulary implements a protocol for persistence and authentication of users."
+$nl
+"The class of users:"
+{ $subsection user }
+"Generic protocol:"
+{ $subsection get-user }
+{ $subsection new-user }
+{ $subsection update-user } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.auth.providers.protocol"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad983c8dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string
+http.server.dispatchers ;
+IN: furnace.boilerplate
+
+HELP: <boilerplate>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "boilerplate" "a new boilerplate responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps a responder in a boilerplate responder. The boilerplate responder needs to be configured before use; see " { $link "furnace.boilerplate.config" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: boilerplate
+{ $class-description "The class of boilerplate responders. Slots are documented in " { $link "furnace.boilerplate.config" } "." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.boilerplate.config" "Boilerplate configuration"
+"The " { $link boilerplate } " tuple has two slots which can be set:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "template" } { "A pair with shape " { $snippet "{ responder name }" } ", where " { $snippet "responder" } " is a responder class, usually a subclass of " { $link dispatcher } ", and " { $snippet "name" } " is the name of a template file, without the " { $snippet ".xml" } " extension, relative to the directory containing the responder's vocabulary source file." } }
+    { { $slot "init" } { "A quotation run before the boilerplate template is rendered. This quotation can set values which the template can then display." } }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.boilerplate.example" "Boilerplate example"
+"The " { $vocab-link "webapps.wiki" } " vocabulary uses boilerplate to add a footer and sidebar to every page. Since the footer and sidebar are themselves dynamic content, it sets the " { $slot "init" } " quotation as well as the " { $slot "template" } " slot:"
+{ $code "<boilerplate>"
+"    [ init-sidebars init-relative-link-prefix ] >>init"
+"    { wiki \"wiki-common\" } >>template" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.boilerplate" "Furnace boilerplate support"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.boilerplate" } " vocabulary implements a facility for sharing a common header and footer between different pages on a web site. It builds on top of " { $link "html.templates.boilerplate" } "."
+{ $subsection <boilerplate> }
+{ $subsection "furnace.boilerplate.config" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.boilerplate.example" }
+{ $see-also "html.templates.chloe.tags.boilerplate" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.boilerplate"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate.factor b/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate.factor
index 946372e1f8..95e93f2ee8 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/boilerplate/boilerplate.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 ! Copyright (c) 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel math.order namespaces furnace combinators.short-circuit
+USING: accessors kernel math.order namespaces combinators.short-circuit
 html.forms
 html.templates
 html.templates.chloe
 locals
 http.server
-http.server.filters ;
+http.server.filters
+furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.boilerplate
 
 TUPLE: boilerplate < filter-responder template init ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/chloe-tags/chloe-tags.factor b/basis/furnace/chloe-tags/chloe-tags.factor
index 697c885a01..8ab70ded7b 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/chloe-tags/chloe-tags.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/chloe-tags/chloe-tags.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ http
 http.server
 http.server.redirection
 http.server.responses
-furnace ;
+furnace.utilities ;
 QUALIFIED-WITH: assocs a
 IN: furnace.chloe-tags
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ad2c8a249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax urls http words kernel
+furnace.sessions furnace.db ;
+IN: furnace.conversations
+
+HELP: <conversations>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "responder'" "a new responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new " { $link conversations } " responder wrapping an existing responder." } ;
+
+HELP: begin-conversation
+{ $description "Starts a new conversation scope. Values can be stored in the conversation scope with " { $link cset } ", and the conversation can be continued with " { $link <continue-conversation> } "." } ;
+
+HELP: end-conversation
+{ $description "Ends the current conversation scope." } ;
+
+HELP: <continue-conversation>
+{ $values { "url" url } { "response" response } }
+{ $description "Creates an HTTP response which redirects the client to the specified URL while continuing the conversation. Any values set in the current conversation scope will be visible to the resonder handling the URL." } ;
+
+HELP: cget
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "value" object } }
+{ $description "Outputs the value of a conversation variable." } ;
+
+HELP: cset
+{ $values { "value" object } { "key" symbol } }
+{ $description "Sets the value of a conversation variable." } ;
+
+HELP: cchange
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } }
+{ $description "Applies the quotation to the old value of the conversation variable, and assigns the resulting value back to the variable." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.conversations" "Furnace conversation scope"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.conversations" } " vocabulary implements conversation scope, which allows data to be passed between requests on a finer level of granularity than session scope."
+$nl
+"Conversation scope is used by form validation to pass validation errors between requests."
+$nl
+"To use conversation scope, wrap your responder in an conversation responder:"
+{ $subsection <conversations> }
+"The conversations responder must be wrapped inside a session responder (" { $link <sessions> } "), which in turn must be wrapped inside a database persistence responder (" { $link <db-persistence> } "). The " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary combines all of these responders into one."
+$nl
+"Managing conversation scopes:"
+{ $subsection begin-conversation }
+{ $subsection end-conversation }
+{ $subsection <continue-conversation> }
+"Reading and writing conversation variables:"
+{ $subsection cget }
+{ $subsection cset }
+{ $subsection cchange }
+"Note that conversation scope is serialized as part of the session, which means that only serializable objects can be stored there. See " { $link "furnace.sessions.serialize" } " for details." ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.conversations"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations.factor b/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations.factor
index 671296ce57..266958c8a4 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/conversations/conversations.factor
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ USING: namespaces assocs kernel sequences accessors hashtables
 urls db.types db.tuples math.parser fry logging combinators
 html.templates.chloe.syntax
 http http.server http.server.filters http.server.redirection
-furnace
 furnace.cache
 furnace.scopes
 furnace.sessions
+furnace.utilities
 furnace.redirection ;
 IN: furnace.conversations
 
diff --git a/basis/furnace/db/db-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/db/db-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7ef02b77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/db/db-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax db http.server ;
+IN: furnace.db
+
+HELP: <db-persistence>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" } { "db" db }
+     { "responder'" db-persistence }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps a responder with database persistence support. The responder's " { $link call-responder* } " method will run in a " { $link with-db } " scope." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.db" "Furnace database support"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.db" } " vocabulary implements a responder which maintains a database connection pool and runs each request in a " { $link with-db } " scope."
+{ $subsection <db-persistence> }
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary combines database persistence with several other features." ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.db"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/furnace-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/furnace-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6191b295e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/furnace-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+USING: assocs help.markup help.syntax kernel
+quotations sequences strings urls xml.data http ;
+IN: furnace
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.persistence" "Furnace persistence layer"
+{ $subsection "furnace.db" }
+"Server-side state:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.sessions" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.conversations" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.asides" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.presentation" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.presentation" "Furnace presentation layer"
+"HTML components:"
+{ $subsection "html.components" }
+{ $subsection "html.forms" }
+"Content templates:"
+{ $subsection "html.templates" }
+{ $subsection "html.templates.chloe" }
+{ $subsection "html.templates.fhtml" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.boilerplate" }
+"Other types of content:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.syndication" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.json" } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.load-balancing" "Load balancing and fail-over with Furnace"
+"The Furnace session manager persists sessions to a database. This means that HTTP requests can be transparently distributed between multiple Factor HTTP server instances, running the same web app on top of the same database, as long as the web applications do not use mutable global state, such as global variables. The Furnace framework itself does not use any mutable global state." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace" "Furnace framework"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace" } " vocabulary implements a full-featured web framework on top of the " { $link "http.server" } ". Some of its features include:"
+{ $list
+    "Session management capable of load-balancing and fail-over"
+    "Form components and validation"
+    "Authentication system with basic authentication or login pages, and pluggable authentication backends"
+    "Easy Atom feed syndication"
+    "Conversation scope and asides for complex page flow"
+}
+"Major functionality:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.actions" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.alloy" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.persistence" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.presentation" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.auth" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.load-balancing" }
+"Utilities:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.referrer" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.redirection" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.extension-points" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.misc" }
+"Related frameworks:"
+{ $subsection "db" }
+{ $subsection "xml" }
+{ $subsection "http.server" }
+{ $subsection "logging" }
+{ $subsection "urls" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/furnace-tests.factor b/basis/furnace/furnace-tests.factor
index 00e4f6f152..f6e5434997 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/furnace-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/furnace-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 IN: furnace.tests
 USING: http http.server.dispatchers http.server.responses
-http.server furnace tools.test kernel namespaces accessors
-io.streams.string urls ;
+http.server furnace furnace.utilities tools.test kernel
+namespaces accessors io.streams.string urls ;
 TUPLE: funny-dispatcher < dispatcher ;
 
 : <funny-dispatcher> funny-dispatcher new-dispatcher ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/furnace.factor b/basis/furnace/furnace.factor
index 7285c436bc..adafb21524 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/furnace.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/furnace.factor
@@ -1,131 +1,29 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: namespaces make assocs sequences kernel classes splitting
-vocabs.loader accessors strings combinators arrays
-continuations present fry
-urls html.elements
-http http.server http.server.redirection http.server.remapping ;
 IN: furnace
 
-: nested-responders ( -- seq )
-    responder-nesting get values ;
-
-: each-responder ( quot -- )
-   nested-responders swap each ; inline
-
-: base-path ( string -- pair )
-    dup responder-nesting get
-    [ second class superclasses [ name>> = ] with contains? ] with find nip
-    [ first ] [ "No such responder: " swap append throw ] ?if ;
-
-: resolve-base-path ( string -- string' )
-    "$" ?head [
-        [
-            "/" split1 [ base-path [  "/" % % ] each "/" % ] dip %
-        ] "" make
-    ] when ;
-
-: vocab-path ( vocab -- path )
-    dup vocab-dir vocab-append-path ;
-
-: resolve-template-path ( pair -- path )
-    [
-        first2 [ vocabulary>> vocab-path % ] [ "/" % % ] bi*
-    ] "" make ;
-
-GENERIC: modify-query ( query responder -- query' )
-
-M: object modify-query drop ;
-
-GENERIC: modify-redirect-query ( query responder -- query' )
-
-M: object modify-redirect-query drop ;
-
-GENERIC: adjust-url ( url -- url' )
-
-M: url adjust-url
-    clone
-        [ [ modify-query ] each-responder ] change-query
-        [ resolve-base-path ] change-path
-    relative-to-request ;
-
-M: string adjust-url ;
-
-GENERIC: adjust-redirect-url ( url -- url' )
-
-M: url adjust-redirect-url
-    adjust-url
-    [ [ modify-redirect-query ] each-responder ] change-query ;
-
-M: string adjust-redirect-url ;
-
-GENERIC: link-attr ( tag responder -- )
-
-M: object link-attr 2drop ;
-
-GENERIC: modify-form ( responder -- )
-
-M: object modify-form drop ;
-
-: hidden-form-field ( value name -- )
-    over [
-        <input
-            "hidden" =type
-            =name
-            present =value
-        input/>
-    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
-
-: nested-forms-key "__n" ;
-
-: request-params ( request -- assoc )
-    dup method>> {
-        { "GET" [ url>> query>> ] }
-        { "HEAD" [ url>> query>> ] }
-        { "POST" [
-            post-data>>
-            dup content-type>> "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" =
-            [ content>> ] [ drop f ] if
-        ] }
-    } case ;
-
-: referrer ( -- referrer/f )
-    #! Typo is intentional, its in the HTTP spec!
-    "referer" request get header>> at
-    dup [ >url ensure-port [ remap-port ] change-port ] when ;
-
-: user-agent ( -- user-agent )
-    "user-agent" request get header>> at "" or ;
-
-: same-host? ( url -- ? )
-    dup [
-        url get [
-            [ protocol>> ]
-            [ host>> ]
-            [ port>> remap-port ]
-            tri 3array
-        ] bi@ =
-    ] when ;
-
-: cookie-client-state ( key request -- value/f )
-    swap get-cookie dup [ value>> ] when ;
-
-: post-client-state ( key request -- value/f )
-    request-params at ;
-
-: client-state ( key -- value/f )
-    request get dup method>> {
-        { "GET" [ cookie-client-state ] }
-        { "HEAD" [ cookie-client-state ] }
-        { "POST" [ post-client-state ] }
-    } case ;
-
-SYMBOL: exit-continuation
-
-: exit-with ( value -- )
-    exit-continuation get continue-with ;
-
-: with-exit-continuation ( quot -- )
-    '[ exit-continuation set @ ] callcc1 exit-continuation off ;
-
+USE: vocabs.loader
+"furnace.actions" require
+"furnace.alloy" require
+"furnace.asides" require
+"furnace.auth" require
+"furnace.auth.basic" require
+"furnace.auth.features.deactivate-user" require
+"furnace.auth.features.edit-profile" require
+"furnace.auth.features.recover-password" require
+"furnace.auth.features.registration" require
+"furnace.auth.login" require
+"furnace.auth.providers.assoc" require
+"furnace.auth.providers.db" require
+"furnace.auth.providers.null" require
+"furnace.boilerplate" require
 "furnace.chloe-tags" require
+"furnace.conversations" require
+"furnace.db" require
+"furnace.json" require
+"furnace.redirection" require
+"furnace.referrer" require
+"furnace.scopes" require
+"furnace.sessions" require
+"furnace.syndication" require
+"webapps.user-admin" require
diff --git a/basis/furnace/json/json-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/json/json-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c20c2e6c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/json/json-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+USING: kernel http.server help.markup help.syntax http ;
+IN: furnace.json
+
+HELP: <json-content>
+{ $values { "body" object } { "response" response } }
+{ $description "Creates an HTTP response which serves a serialized JSON object to the client." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.json" "Furnace JSON support"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.json" } " vocabulary provides a utility word for serving HTTP responses with JSON content."
+{ $subsection <json-content> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.json"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd3671fa1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string quotations urls
+http.server http ;
+IN: furnace.redirection
+
+HELP: <redirect-responder>
+{ $values { "url" url } { "responder" "a responder" } }
+{ $description "Creates a responder which unconditionally redirects the client to the given URL." } ;
+
+HELP: <redirect>
+{ $values { "url" url } { "response" response } }
+{ $description "Creates a response which redirects the client to the given URL." } ;
+
+HELP: <secure-only> ( responder -- responder' )
+{ $values { "responder" "a responder" } { "responder'" "a responder" } }
+{ $description "Creates a new responder which ensures that the client is connecting via HTTPS before delegating to the underlying responder. If the client is connecting via HTTP, a redirect is sent instead." } ;
+
+HELP: <secure-redirect>
+{ $values
+     { "url" url }
+     { "response" response }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a responder which unconditionally redirects the client to the given URL after setting its protocol to HTTPS." }
+{ $notes "This word is intended to be used with a relative URL. The client is redirected to the relative URL, but with HTTPS instead of HTTP." } ;
+
+HELP: >secure-url
+{ $values
+     { "url" url }
+     { "url'" url }
+}
+{ $description "Sets the protocol of a URL to HTTPS." } ;
+
+HELP: if-secure
+{ $values
+     { "quot" quotation }
+     { "response" response }
+}
+{ $description "Runs a quotation if the current request was made over HTTPS, otherwise returns a redirect to have the client request the current page again via HTTPS." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.redirection.secure" "Secure redirection"
+"The words in this section help with implementing sites which require SSL/TLS for additional security."
+$nl
+"Converting a HTTP URL into an HTTPS URL:"
+{ $subsection >secure-url }
+"Redirecting the client to an HTTPS URL:"
+{ $subsection <secure-redirect> }
+"Tools for writing responders which require SSL/TLS connections:"
+{ $subsection if-secure }
+{ $subsection <secure-only> } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.redirection" "Furnace redirection support"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.redirection" } " vocabulary builds additional functionality on top of " { $vocab-link "http.server.redirection" } ", and integrates with various Furnace features such as " { $link "furnace.asides" } " and " { $link "furnace.conversations" } "."
+$nl
+"A redirection response which takes asides and conversations into account:"
+{ $subsection <redirect> }
+"A responder which unconditionally redirects the client to another URL:"
+{ $subsection <redirect-responder> }
+{ $subsection "furnace.redirection.secure" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.redirection"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection.factor b/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection.factor
index c5a63a795c..01297288dc 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/redirection/redirection.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel accessors combinators namespaces fry urls http
 http.server http.server.redirection http.server.responses
-http.server.remapping http.server.filters furnace ;
+http.server.remapping http.server.filters furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.redirection
 
 : <redirect> ( url -- response )
diff --git a/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b57bcb262b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string
+furnace.utilities ;
+IN: furnace.referrer
+
+HELP: <check-form-submissions>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "responder'" "a responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps the responder in a filter responder which ensures that form submissions originate from a page on the same server. Any submissions which do not are sent back with a 403 error." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.referrer" "Form submission referrer checking"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.referrer" } " implements a simple security measure which can be used to thwart cross-site scripting attacks."
+{ $subsection <check-form-submissions> }
+"Explicit referrer checking:"
+{ $subsection referrer }
+{ $subsection same-host? } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.referrer"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer.factor b/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer.factor
index 003028ab1e..e5666c2698 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/referrer/referrer.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors kernel http.server http.server.filters
-http.server.responses furnace ;
+http.server.responses furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.referrer
 
 TUPLE: referrer-check < filter-responder quot ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..959d6b69b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string quotations strings calendar serialize kernel furnace.db words kernel ;
+IN: furnace.sessions
+
+HELP: <sessions>
+{ $values
+     { "responder" "a responder" }
+     { "responder'" "a new responder" }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps a responder in a session manager responder." } ;
+
+HELP: schange
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } }
+{ $description "Applies the quotation to the old value of the session variable, and assigns the resulting value back to the variable." } ;
+
+HELP: sget
+{ $values { "key" symbol } { "value" object } }
+{ $description "Outputs the value of a session variable." } ;
+
+HELP: sset
+{ $values { "value" object } { "key" symbol } }
+{ $description "Sets the value of a session variable." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.sessions.config" "Session manager configuration"
+"The " { $link sessions } " tuple has two slots which contain configuration parameters:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "verify?" } { "If set to a true value, the client IP address and user agent of each session is tracked, and checked every time a client attempts to re-establish a session. While this does not offer any real security, it can thwart unskilled packet-sniffing attacks. On by default." } }
+    { { $slot "timeout" } { "A " { $link duration } " storing the maximum time that inactive sessions will be stored on the server. The default timeout is 20 minutes. Note that for sessions to actually expire, you must start a thread to do so; see the " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary for an easy way of doing this." } }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.sessions.serialize" "Session state serialization"
+"Session variable values are serialized to the database using the " { $link "serialize" } " library."
+$nl
+"This means that there are three restrictions on the values stored in the session:"
+{ $list
+    "Continuations cannot be stored at all."
+    { "Object identity is not preserved between serialization and deserialization. That is, if an object is stored with " { $link sset } " and later retrieved with " { $link sget } ", the retrieved value will be " { $link = } " to the original, but not necessarily " { $link eq? } "." }
+    { "All objects reachable from the value passed to " { $link sset } " are serialized, so large structures should not be stored in the session state, and neither should anything that can reference the global namespace. Large structures should be persisted in the database directly instead, using " { $vocab-link "db.tuples" } "." }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.sessions" "Furnace sessions"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.sessions" } " vocabulary implements session management, which allows state to be maintained between HTTP requests. The session state is stored on the server; the client receives an opaque ID which is saved in a cookie (for GET requests) or a hidden form field (for POST requests)."
+$nl
+"To use session management, wrap your responder in an session manager:"
+{ $subsection <sessions> }
+"The sessions responder must be wrapped inside a database persistence responder (" { $link <db-persistence> } "). The " { $vocab-link "furnace.alloy" } " vocabulary combines all of these responders into one."
+$nl
+"Reading and writing session variables from a request:"
+{ $subsection sget }
+{ $subsection sset }
+{ $subsection schange }
+"Additional topics:"
+{ $subsection "furnace.sessions.config" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.sessions.serialize" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.sessions"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-tests.factor b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-tests.factor
index 6bb3c1cd69..907e657125 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions-tests.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ USING: tools.test http furnace.sessions furnace.actions
 http.server http.server.responses math namespaces make kernel
 accessors io.sockets io.servers.connection prettyprint
 io.streams.string io.files splitting destructors sequences db
-db.tuples db.sqlite continuations urls math.parser furnace ;
+db.tuples db.sqlite continuations urls math.parser furnace
+furnace.utilities ;
 
 : with-session
     [
diff --git a/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions.factor b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions.factor
index b7120aaf11..8b7e1ab83f 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/sessions/sessions.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: assocs kernel math.intervals math.parser namespaces
-strings random accessors quotations hashtables sequences continuations
-fry calendar combinators combinators.short-circuit destructors alarms
-io.servers.connection
-db db.tuples db.types
+strings random accessors quotations hashtables sequences
+continuations fry calendar combinators combinators.short-circuit
+destructors alarms io.sockets db db.tuples db.types
 http http.server http.server.dispatchers http.server.filters
-html.elements
-furnace furnace.cache furnace.scopes ;
+html.elements furnace.cache furnace.scopes furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.sessions
 
 TUPLE: session < scope user-agent client ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/summary.txt b/basis/furnace/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afbc1b9b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Furnace web framework
diff --git a/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94a69ccd0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string kernel sequences strings urls syndication calendar ;
+IN: furnace.syndication
+
+HELP: <feed-action>
+{ $values { "action" feed-action } }
+{ $description "Creates a new Atom feed action." } ;
+
+HELP: >entry
+{ $values
+     { "object" object }
+     { "entry" entry }
+}
+{ $contract "Converts an object into an Atom feed entry. The default implementation constructs an entry by calling "
+{ $link feed-entry-title } ", "
+{ $link feed-entry-description } ", "
+{ $link feed-entry-date } ", and "
+{ $link feed-entry-url } "." } ;
+
+HELP: feed-action
+{ $class-description "The class of feed actions. Contains several slots, documented in " { $link "furnace.syndication.config" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: feed-entry-date
+{ $values
+     { "object" object }
+     { "timestamp" timestamp }
+}
+{ $contract "Outputs a feed entry timestmap." } ;
+
+HELP: feed-entry-description
+{ $values
+     { "object" object }
+     { "description" null }
+}
+{ $contract "Outputs a feed entry description." } ;
+
+HELP: feed-entry-title
+{ $values
+     { "object" object }
+     { "string" string }
+}
+{ $contract "Outputs a feed entry title." } ;
+
+HELP: feed-entry-url
+{ $values
+     { "object" object }
+     { "url" url }
+}
+{ $contract "Outputs a feed entry URL." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.syndication.config" "Configuring Atom feed actions"
+"Instances of " { $link feed-action } " have three slots which need to be set:"
+{ $table
+    { { $slot "title" } "The title of the feed as a string" }
+    { { $slot "url" } { "The feed " { $link url } } }
+    { { $slot "entries" } { "A quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- seq )" } ", which produces a sequence of objects responding to the " { $link "furnace.syndication.protocol" } " protocol" } }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.syndication.protocol" "Atom feed entry protocol"
+"An Atom feed action takes a sequence of objects and converts them into Atom feed entries. The objects must implement a protocol consisting of either a single generic word:"
+{ $subsection >entry }
+"Or a series of generic words, called by the default implementation of " { $link >entry } ":"
+{ $subsection feed-entry-title }
+{ $subsection feed-entry-description }
+{ $subsection feed-entry-date }
+{ $subsection feed-entry-url } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.syndication" "Furnace Atom syndication support"
+"The " { $vocab-link "furnace.syndication" } " vocabulary builds on the " { $link "syndication" } " library by providing easy support for generating Atom feeds from " { $link "furnace.actions" } "."
+{ $subsection <feed-action> }
+{ $subsection "furnace.syndication.config" }
+{ $subsection "furnace.syndication.protocol" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "furnace.syndication"
diff --git a/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication.factor b/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication.factor
index a326e62f02..876aaf8c98 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/syndication/syndication.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel sequences fry
-combinators syndication
-http.server.responses http.server.redirection
-furnace furnace.actions ;
+USING: accessors kernel sequences fry combinators syndication
+http.server.responses http.server.redirection furnace.actions
+furnace.utilities ;
 IN: furnace.syndication
 
 GENERIC: feed-entry-title ( object -- string )
diff --git a/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities-docs.factor b/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1402e9c0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+USING: assocs help.markup help.syntax kernel
+quotations sequences strings urls xml.data http ;
+IN: furnace.utilities
+
+HELP: adjust-redirect-url
+{ $values { "url" url } { "url'" url } }
+{ $description "Adjusts a redirection URL by filtering the URL's query parameters through the " { $link modify-redirect-query } " generic word on every responder involved in handling the current request." } ;
+
+HELP: adjust-url
+{ $values { "url" url } { "url'" url } }
+{ $description "Adjusts a link URL by filtering the URL's query parameters through the " { $link modify-query } " generic word on every responder involved in handling the current request." } ;
+
+HELP: client-state
+{ $values { "key" string } { "value/f" { $maybe string } } }
+{ $description "Looks up a cookie (if the current request is a GET or HEAD request) or a POST parameter (if the current request is a POST request)." }
+{ $notes "This word is used by session management, conversation scope and asides." } ;
+
+HELP: each-responder
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( responder -- )" } } }
+{ $description "Applies the quotation to each responder involved in processing the current request." } ;
+
+HELP: hidden-form-field
+{ $values { "value" string } { "name" string } }
+{ $description "Renders an HTML hidden form field tag." }
+{ $notes "This word is used by session management, conversation scope and asides." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example
+        "USING: furnace.utilities io ;"
+        "\"bar\" \"foo\" hidden-form-field nl"
+        "<input type='hidden' name='foo' value='bar'/>"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: link-attr
+{ $values { "tag" tag } { "responder" "a responder" } }
+{ $contract "Modifies an XHTML " { $snippet "a" } " tag." }
+{ $notes "This word is called by " { $link "html.templates.chloe.tags.form" } "." }
+{ $examples "Conversation scope adds attributes to link tags." } ;
+
+HELP: modify-form
+{ $values { "responder" "a responder" } }
+{ $contract "Emits hidden form fields using " { $link hidden-form-field } "." }
+{ $notes "This word is called by " { $link "html.templates.chloe.tags.form" } "." }
+{ $examples "Session management, conversation scope and asides use hidden form fields to pass state." } ;
+
+HELP: modify-query
+{ $values { "query" assoc } { "responder" "a responder" } { "query'" assoc } }
+{ $contract "Modifies the query parameters of a URL destined to be displayed as a link." }
+{ $notes "This word is called by " { $link "html.templates.chloe.tags.form" } "." }
+{ $examples "Asides add query parameters to URLs." } ;
+
+HELP: modify-redirect-query
+{ $values { "query" assoc } { "responder" "a responder" } { "query'" assoc } }
+{ $contract "Modifies the query parameters of a URL destined to be used with a redirect." }
+{ $notes "This word is called by " { $link "furnace.redirection" } "." }
+{ $examples "Conversation scope and asides add query parameters to redirect URLs." } ;
+
+HELP: nested-responders
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence of responders" } }
+{ $description "" } ;
+
+HELP: referrer
+{ $values { "referrer/f" { $maybe string } } }
+{ $description "Outputs the current request's referrer URL." } ;
+
+HELP: request-params
+{ $values { "request" request } { "assoc" assoc } }
+{ $description "Outputs the query parameters (if the current request is a GET or HEAD request) or the POST parameters (if the current request is a POST request)." } ;
+
+HELP: resolve-base-path
+{ $values { "string" string } { "string'" string } }
+{ $description "" } ;
+
+HELP: resolve-template-path
+{ $values { "pair" "a pair with shape " { $snippet "{ class string }" } } { "path" "a pathname string" } }
+{ $description "" } ;
+
+HELP: same-host?
+{ $values { "url" url } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Tests if the given URL is located on the same host as the URL of the current request." } ;
+
+HELP: user-agent
+{ $values { "user-agent" { $maybe string } } }
+{ $description "Outputs the user agent reported by the client for the current request." } ;
+
+HELP: vocab-path
+{ $values { "vocab" "a vocabulary specifier" } { "path" "a pathname string" } }
+{ $description "" } ;
+
+HELP: exit-with
+{ $values { "value" object } }
+{ $description "Exits from an outer " { $link with-exit-continuation } "." } ;
+
+HELP: with-exit-continuation
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation { "( -- value )" } } } { "value" "a value returned by the quotation or an " { $link exit-with } " invocation" } }
+{ $description "Runs a quotation with the " { $link exit-continuation } " variable bound. Calling " { $link exit-with } " in the quotation will immediately return." }
+{ $notes "Furnace actions and authentication realms wrap their execution in this combinator, allowing form validation failures and login requests, respectively, to immediately return an HTTP response to the client without running any more responder code." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.extension-points" "Furnace extension points"
+"Furnace features such as session management, conversation scope and asides need to modify URLs in links and redirects, and insert hidden form fields, to implement state on top of the stateless HTTP protocol. In order to decouple the server-side state management code from the HTML templating code, a series of hooks are used."
+$nl
+"Responders can implement methods on the following generic words:"
+{ $subsection modify-query }
+{ $subsection modify-redirect-query }
+{ $subsection link-attr }
+{ $subsection modify-form }
+"Presentation-level code can call the following words:"
+{ $subsection adjust-url }
+{ $subsection adjust-redirect-url } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.misc" "Miscellaneous Furnace features"
+"Inspecting the chain of responders handling the current request:"
+{ $subsection nested-responders }
+{ $subsection each-responder }
+{ $subsection resolve-base-path }
+"Vocabulary root-relative resources:"
+{ $subsection vocab-path }
+{ $subsection resolve-template-path }
+"Early return from a responder:"
+{ $subsection with-exit-continuation }
+{ $subsection exit-with }
+"Other useful words:"
+{ $subsection hidden-form-field }
+{ $subsection request-params }
+{ $subsection client-state }
+{ $subsection user-agent } ;
diff --git a/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities.factor b/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities.factor
index 4bfbdcd943..f2b71fb89f 100644
--- a/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities.factor
+++ b/basis/furnace/utilities/utilities.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-! Copyright (c) 2008 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors words kernel sequences splitting ;
+USING: namespaces make assocs sequences kernel classes splitting
+words vocabs.loader accessors strings combinators arrays
+continuations present fry urls html.elements http http.server
+http.server.redirection http.server.remapping ;
 IN: furnace.utilities
 
 : word>string ( word -- string )
@@ -17,3 +20,124 @@ ERROR: no-such-word name vocab ;
 
 : strings>words ( seq -- seq' )
     [ string>word ] map ;
+
+: nested-responders ( -- seq )
+    responder-nesting get values ;
+
+: each-responder ( quot -- )
+   nested-responders swap each ; inline
+
+: base-path ( string -- pair )
+    dup responder-nesting get
+    [ second class superclasses [ name>> = ] with contains? ] with find nip
+    [ first ] [ "No such responder: " swap append throw ] ?if ;
+
+: resolve-base-path ( string -- string' )
+    "$" ?head [
+        [
+            "/" split1 [ base-path [  "/" % % ] each "/" % ] dip %
+        ] "" make
+    ] when ;
+
+: vocab-path ( vocab -- path )
+    dup vocab-dir vocab-append-path ;
+
+: resolve-template-path ( pair -- path )
+    [
+        first2 [ vocabulary>> vocab-path % ] [ "/" % % ] bi*
+    ] "" make ;
+
+GENERIC: modify-query ( query responder -- query' )
+
+M: object modify-query drop ;
+
+GENERIC: modify-redirect-query ( query responder -- query' )
+
+M: object modify-redirect-query drop ;
+
+GENERIC: adjust-url ( url -- url' )
+
+M: url adjust-url
+    clone
+        [ [ modify-query ] each-responder ] change-query
+        [ resolve-base-path ] change-path
+    relative-to-request ;
+
+M: string adjust-url ;
+
+GENERIC: adjust-redirect-url ( url -- url' )
+
+M: url adjust-redirect-url
+    adjust-url
+    [ [ modify-redirect-query ] each-responder ] change-query ;
+
+M: string adjust-redirect-url ;
+
+GENERIC: link-attr ( tag responder -- )
+
+M: object link-attr 2drop ;
+
+GENERIC: modify-form ( responder -- )
+
+M: object modify-form drop ;
+
+: hidden-form-field ( value name -- )
+    over [
+        <input
+            "hidden" =type
+            =name
+            present =value
+        input/>
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+
+: nested-forms-key "__n" ;
+
+: request-params ( request -- assoc )
+    dup method>> {
+        { "GET" [ url>> query>> ] }
+        { "HEAD" [ url>> query>> ] }
+        { "POST" [
+            post-data>>
+            dup content-type>> "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" =
+            [ content>> ] [ drop f ] if
+        ] }
+    } case ;
+
+: referrer ( -- referrer/f )
+    #! Typo is intentional, it's in the HTTP spec!
+    "referer" request get header>> at
+    dup [ >url ensure-port [ remap-port ] change-port ] when ;
+
+: user-agent ( -- user-agent )
+    "user-agent" request get header>> at "" or ;
+
+: same-host? ( url -- ? )
+    dup [
+        url get [
+            [ protocol>> ]
+            [ host>> ]
+            [ port>> remap-port ]
+            tri 3array
+        ] bi@ =
+    ] when ;
+
+: cookie-client-state ( key request -- value/f )
+    swap get-cookie dup [ value>> ] when ;
+
+: post-client-state ( key request -- value/f )
+    request-params at ;
+
+: client-state ( key -- value/f )
+    request get dup method>> {
+        { "GET" [ cookie-client-state ] }
+        { "HEAD" [ cookie-client-state ] }
+        { "POST" [ post-client-state ] }
+    } case ;
+
+SYMBOL: exit-continuation
+
+: exit-with ( value -- )
+    exit-continuation get continue-with ;
+
+: with-exit-continuation ( quot -- value )
+    '[ exit-continuation set @ ] callcc1 exit-continuation off ;
diff --git a/basis/generalizations/generalizations-docs.factor b/basis/generalizations/generalizations-docs.factor
index ba53e6c591..2380f5614d 100644
--- a/basis/generalizations/generalizations-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/generalizations/generalizations-docs.factor
@@ -17,6 +17,15 @@ HELP: narray
 { $description "A generalization of " { $link 1array } ", "
 { $link 2array } ", " { $link 3array } " and " { $link 4array } " "
 "that constructs an array from the top " { $snippet "n" } " elements of the stack."
+}
+{ $examples
+    "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link narray } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link 1array } { $snippet "1 narray" } }
+        { { $link 2array } { $snippet "2 narray" } }
+        { { $link 3array } { $snippet "3 narray" } }
+        { { $link 4array } { $snippet "4 narray" } }
+    }
 } ;
 
 { nsequence narray } related-words
@@ -26,6 +35,15 @@ HELP: firstn
 { $description "A generalization of " { $link first } ", "
 { $link first2 } ", " { $link first3 } " and " { $link first4 } " "
 "that pushes the first " { $snippet "n" } " elements of a sequence on the stack."
+}
+{ $examples
+    "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link firstn } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link first } { $snippet "1 firstn" } }
+        { { $link first2 } { $snippet "2 firstn" } }
+        { { $link first3 } { $snippet "3 firstn" } }
+        { { $link first4 } { $snippet "4 firstn" } }
+    }
 } ;
 
 HELP: npick
@@ -37,8 +55,13 @@ HELP: npick
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 4 npick .s" "1\n2\n3\n4\n1" }
-}
-{ $see-also dup over pick } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link npick } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link dup } { $snippet "1 npick" } }
+        { { $link over } { $snippet "2 npick" } }
+        { { $link pick } { $snippet "3 npick" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: ndup
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -49,8 +72,13 @@ HELP: ndup
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 4 ndup .s" "1\n2\n3\n4\n1\n2\n3\n4" }
-}
-{ $see-also dup 2dup 3dup } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link ndup } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link dup } { $snippet "1 ndup" } }
+        { { $link 2dup } { $snippet "2 ndup" } }
+        { { $link 3dup } { $snippet "3 ndup" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: nnip
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -60,8 +88,12 @@ HELP: nnip
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 3 nnip .s" "4" }
-}
-{ $see-also nip 2nip } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link nnip } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link nip } { $snippet "1 nnip" } }
+        { { $link 2nip } { $snippet "2 nnip" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: ndrop
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -71,8 +103,13 @@ HELP: ndrop
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 3 ndrop .s" "1" }
-}
-{ $see-also drop 2drop 3drop } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link ndrop } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link drop } { $snippet "1 ndrop" } }
+        { { $link 2drop } { $snippet "2 ndrop" } }
+        { { $link 3drop } { $snippet "3 ndrop" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: nrot
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -81,8 +118,12 @@ HELP: nrot
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 4 nrot .s" "2\n3\n4\n1" }
-}
-{ $see-also rot -nrot } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link nrot } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link swap } { $snippet "1 nrot" } }
+        { { $link rot } { $snippet "2 nrot" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: -nrot
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -91,8 +132,12 @@ HELP: -nrot
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 4 -nrot .s" "4\n1\n2\n3" }
-}
-{ $see-also rot nrot } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link -nrot } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link swap } { $snippet "1 -nrot" } }
+        { { $link -rot } { $snippet "2 -nrot" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: nrev
 { $values { "n" integer } }
@@ -100,11 +145,11 @@ HELP: nrev
 }
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: prettyprint generalizations ;" "1 2 3 4 4 nrev .s" "4\n3\n2\n1" }
-}
-{ $see-also rot nrot } ;
+  "The " { $link spin } " word is equivalent to " { $snippet "3 nrev" } "."
+} ;
 
 HELP: ndip
-{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" number } }
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" integer } }
 { $description "A generalization of " { $link dip } " that can work " 
 "for any stack depth. The quotation will be called with a stack that "
 "has 'n' items removed first. The 'n' items are then put back on the "
@@ -113,30 +158,93 @@ HELP: ndip
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: generalizations kernel prettyprint ;" "1 2 [ dup ] 1 ndip .s" "1\n1\n2" }
   { $example "USING: generalizations kernel prettyprint ;" "1 2 3 [ drop ] 2 ndip .s" "2\n3" }
-}
-{ $see-also dip 2dip } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link ndip } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link dip } { $snippet "1 ndip" } }
+        { { $link 2dip } { $snippet "2 ndip" } }
+        { { $link 3dip } { $snippet "3 ndip" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: nslip
-{ $values { "n" number } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } }
 { $description "A generalization of " { $link slip } " that can work " 
 "for any stack depth. The first " { $snippet "n" } " items after the quotation will be "
 "removed from the stack, the quotation called, and the items restored."
 } 
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: generalizations prettyprint ;" "[ 99 ] 1 2 3 4 5 5 nslip .s" "99\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5" }
-}
-{ $see-also slip nkeep } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link nslip } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link slip } { $snippet "1 nslip" } }
+        { { $link 2slip } { $snippet "2 nslip" } }
+        { { $link 3slip } { $snippet "3 nslip" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: nkeep
-{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" number } }
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" integer } }
 { $description "A generalization of " { $link keep } " that can work " 
 "for any stack depth. The first " { $snippet "n" } " items after the quotation will be "
 "saved, the quotation called, and the items restored."
 } 
 { $examples
   { $example "USING: generalizations kernel prettyprint ;" "1 2 3 4 5 [ drop drop drop drop drop 99 ] 5 nkeep .s" "99\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5" }
-}
-{ $see-also keep nslip } ;
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link nkeep } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link keep } { $snippet "1 nkeep" } }
+        { { $link 2keep } { $snippet "2 nkeep" } }
+        { { $link 3keep } { $snippet "3 nkeep" } }
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: ncurry
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" integer } }
+{ $description "A generalization of " { $link curry } " that can work for any stack depth."
+} 
+{ $examples
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link ncurry } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link curry } { $snippet "1 ncurry" } }
+        { { $link 2curry } { $snippet "2 ncurry" } }
+        { { $link 3curry } { $snippet "3 ncurry" } }
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: nwith
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" integer } }
+{ $description "A generalization of " { $link with } " that can work for any stack depth."
+} 
+{ $examples
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link nwith } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link with } { $snippet "1 nwith" } }
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: napply
+{ $values { "quot" quotation } { "n" integer } }
+{ $description "A generalization of " { $link bi@ } " and " { $link tri@ } " that can work for any stack depth."
+} 
+{ $examples
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link napply } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link bi@ } { $snippet "1 napply" } }
+        { { $link tri@ } { $snippet "2 napply" } }
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: mnswap
+{ $values { "m" integer } { "n" integer } }
+{ $description "Swaps the top " { $snippet "m" } " stack elements with the " { $snippet "n" } " elements directly underneath." }
+{ $examples
+  "Some core words expressed in terms of " { $link mnswap } ":"
+    { $table
+        { { $link swap } { $snippet "1 1 mnswap" } }
+        { { $link rot } { $snippet "2 1 mnswap" } }
+        { { $link -rot } { $snippet "1 2 mnswap" } }
+    }
+} ;
 
 ARTICLE: "generalizations" "Generalized shuffle words and combinators"
 "The " { $vocab-link "generalizations" } " vocabulary defines a number of stack shuffling words and combinators for use in "
@@ -155,12 +263,14 @@ $nl
 { $subsection nnip }
 { $subsection ndrop }
 { $subsection nrev }
+{ $subsection mnswap }
 "Generalized combinators:"
 { $subsection ndip }
 { $subsection nslip }
 { $subsection nkeep }
+{ $subsection napply }
+"Generalized quotation construction:"
 { $subsection ncurry } 
-{ $subsection nwith } 
-{ $subsection napply } ;
+{ $subsection nwith } ;
 
 ABOUT: "generalizations"
diff --git a/basis/generalizations/generalizations-tests.factor b/basis/generalizations/generalizations-tests.factor
index 75985c9368..1291012700 100644
--- a/basis/generalizations/generalizations-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/generalizations/generalizations-tests.factor
@@ -36,3 +36,9 @@ IN: generalizations.tests
 [ 1 2 3 4 ] [ { 1 2 3 4 } 4 firstn ] unit-test
 [ ] [ { } 0 firstn ] unit-test
 [ "a" ] [ { "a" } 1 firstn ] unit-test
+
+[ [ 1 2 ] ] [ 1 2 2 [ ] nsequence ] unit-test
+
+[ 4 5 1 2 3 ] [ 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 mnswap ] unit-test
+
+[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 ] [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 4 mnswap 4 2 mnswap ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/generalizations/generalizations.factor b/basis/generalizations/generalizations.factor
index 069d59cee1..3c24d20c8a 100644
--- a/basis/generalizations/generalizations.factor
+++ b/basis/generalizations/generalizations.factor
@@ -1,65 +1,78 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Chris Double, Doug Coleman, Eduardo
-! Cavazos, Slava Pestov.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel sequences sequences.private namespaces math
-math.ranges combinators macros quotations fry arrays ;
-IN: generalizations
-
-MACRO: nsequence ( n seq -- quot )
-    [ drop <reversed> ] [ '[ _ _ new-sequence ] ] 2bi
-    [ '[ @ [ _ swap set-nth-unsafe ] keep ] ] reduce ;
-
-MACRO: narray ( n -- quot )
-    '[ _ { } nsequence ] ;
-
-MACRO: firstn ( n -- )
-    dup zero? [ drop [ drop ] ] [
-        [ [ '[ [ _ ] dip nth-unsafe ] ] map ]
-        [ 1- '[ [ _ ] dip bounds-check 2drop ] ]
-        bi prefix '[ _ cleave ]
-    ] if ;
-
-MACRO: npick ( n -- )
-    1- dup saver [ dup ] rot [ r> swap ] n*quot 3append ;
-
-MACRO: ndup ( n -- )
-    dup '[ _ npick ] n*quot ;
-
-MACRO: nrot ( n -- )
-    1- dup saver swap [ r> swap ] n*quot append ;
-
-MACRO: -nrot ( n -- )
-    1- dup [ swap >r ] n*quot swap restorer append ;
-
-MACRO: ndrop ( n -- )
-    [ drop ] n*quot ;
-
-: nnip ( n -- )
-    swap >r ndrop r> ; inline
-
-MACRO: ntuck ( n -- )
-    2 + [ dupd -nrot ] curry ;
-
-MACRO: nrev ( n -- quot )
-    1 [a,b] [ ] [ '[ @ _ -nrot ] ] reduce ;
-
-MACRO: ndip ( quot n -- )
-    dup saver -rot restorer 3append ;
-
-MACRO: nslip ( n -- )
-    dup saver [ call ] rot restorer 3append ;
-
-MACRO: nkeep ( n -- )
-    [ ] [ 1+ ] [ ] tri
-    '[ [ _ ndup ] dip _ -nrot _ nslip ] ;
-
-MACRO: ncurry ( n -- )
-    [ curry ] n*quot ;
-
-MACRO: nwith ( n -- )
-    [ with ] n*quot ;
-
-MACRO: napply ( n -- )
-    2 [a,b]
-    [ [ 1- ] keep '[ _ ntuck _ nslip ] ]
-    map concat >quotation [ call ] append ;
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Chris Double, Doug Coleman, Eduardo
+! Cavazos, Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel sequences sequences.private math math.ranges
+combinators macros quotations fry ;
+IN: generalizations
+
+<<
+
+: n*quot ( n seq -- seq' ) <repetition> concat >quotation ;
+
+: repeat ( n obj quot -- ) swapd times ; inline
+
+>>
+
+MACRO: nsequence ( n seq -- )
+    [
+        [ drop <reversed> ] [ '[ _ _ new-sequence ] ] 2bi
+        [ '[ @ [ _ swap set-nth-unsafe ] keep ] ] reduce
+    ] keep
+    '[ @ _ like ] ;
+
+MACRO: narray ( n -- )
+    '[ _ { } nsequence ] ;
+
+MACRO: firstn ( n -- )
+    dup zero? [ drop [ drop ] ] [
+        [ [ '[ [ _ ] dip nth-unsafe ] ] map ]
+        [ 1- '[ [ _ ] dip bounds-check 2drop ] ]
+        bi prefix '[ _ cleave ]
+    ] if ;
+
+MACRO: npick ( n -- )
+    1- [ dup ] [ '[ _ dip swap ] ] repeat ;
+
+MACRO: ndup ( n -- )
+    dup '[ _ npick ] n*quot ;
+
+MACRO: nrot ( n -- )
+    1- [ ] [ '[ _ dip swap ] ] repeat ;
+
+MACRO: -nrot ( n -- )
+    1- [ ] [ '[ swap _ dip ] ] repeat ;
+
+MACRO: ndrop ( n -- )
+    [ drop ] n*quot ;
+
+MACRO: nnip ( n -- )
+    '[ [ _ ndrop ] dip ] ;
+
+MACRO: ntuck ( n -- )
+    2 + '[ dup _ -nrot ] ;
+
+MACRO: nrev ( n -- )
+    1 [a,b] [ ] [ '[ @ _ -nrot ] ] reduce ;
+
+MACRO: ndip ( quot n -- )
+    [ '[ _ dip ] ] times ;
+
+MACRO: nslip ( n -- )
+    '[ [ call ] _ ndip ] ;
+
+MACRO: nkeep ( quot n -- )
+    tuck '[ _ ndup _ _ ndip ] ;
+
+MACRO: ncurry ( n -- )
+    [ curry ] n*quot ;
+
+MACRO: nwith ( n -- )
+    [ with ] n*quot ;
+
+MACRO: napply ( n -- )
+    2 [a,b]
+    [ [ 1- ] [ ] bi '[ _ ntuck _ nslip ] ]
+    map concat >quotation [ call ] append ;
+
+MACRO: mnswap ( m n -- )
+    1+ '[ _ -nrot ] <repetition> spread>quot ;
diff --git a/basis/mime-types/authors.txt b/basis/grouping/authors.txt
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/mime-types/authors.txt
rename to basis/grouping/authors.txt
diff --git a/core/grouping/grouping-docs.factor b/basis/grouping/grouping-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from core/grouping/grouping-docs.factor
rename to basis/grouping/grouping-docs.factor
diff --git a/core/grouping/grouping-tests.factor b/basis/grouping/grouping-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from core/grouping/grouping-tests.factor
rename to basis/grouping/grouping-tests.factor
diff --git a/core/grouping/grouping.factor b/basis/grouping/grouping.factor
similarity index 51%
rename from core/grouping/grouping.factor
rename to basis/grouping/grouping.factor
index 332fd2635a..0fa20b41fc 100644
--- a/core/grouping/grouping.factor
+++ b/basis/grouping/grouping.factor
@@ -1,67 +1,87 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel math math.order strings arrays vectors sequences
-accessors ;
+sequences.private accessors ;
 IN: grouping
 
-TUPLE: abstract-groups { seq read-only } { n read-only } ;
+<PRIVATE
+
+TUPLE: chunking-seq { seq read-only } { n read-only } ;
 
 : check-groups dup 0 <= [ "Invalid group count" throw ] when ; inline
 
 : new-groups ( seq n class -- groups )
-    >r check-groups r> boa ; inline
+    [ check-groups ] dip boa ; inline
 
 GENERIC: group@ ( n groups -- from to seq )
 
-M: abstract-groups nth group@ subseq ;
+M: chunking-seq set-nth group@ <slice> 0 swap copy ;
 
-M: abstract-groups set-nth group@ <slice> 0 swap copy ;
+M: chunking-seq like drop { } like ;
 
-M: abstract-groups like drop { } like ;
+INSTANCE: chunking-seq sequence
 
-INSTANCE: abstract-groups sequence
+MIXIN: subseq-chunking
+
+M: subseq-chunking nth group@ subseq ;
+
+MIXIN: slice-chunking
+
+M: slice-chunking nth group@ <slice> ;
+
+M: slice-chunking nth-unsafe group@ slice boa ;
+
+TUPLE: abstract-groups < chunking-seq ;
+
+M: abstract-groups length
+    [ seq>> length ] [ n>> ] bi [ + 1- ] keep /i ;
+
+M: abstract-groups set-length
+    [ n>> * ] [ seq>> ] bi set-length ;
+
+M: abstract-groups group@
+    [ n>> [ * dup ] keep + ] [ seq>> ] bi [ length min ] keep ;
+
+TUPLE: abstract-clumps < chunking-seq ;
+
+M: abstract-clumps length
+    [ seq>> length ] [ n>> ] bi - 1+ ;
+
+M: abstract-clumps set-length
+    [ n>> + 1- ] [ seq>> ] bi set-length ;
+
+M: abstract-clumps group@
+    [ n>> over + ] [ seq>> ] bi ;
+
+PRIVATE>
 
 TUPLE: groups < abstract-groups ;
 
 : <groups> ( seq n -- groups )
     groups new-groups ; inline
 
-M: groups length
-    [ seq>> length ] [ n>> ] bi [ + 1- ] keep /i ;
+INSTANCE: groups subseq-chunking
 
-M: groups set-length
-    [ n>> * ] [ seq>> ] bi set-length ;
-
-M: groups group@
-    [ n>> [ * dup ] keep + ] [ seq>> ] bi [ length min ] keep ;
-
-TUPLE: sliced-groups < groups ;
+TUPLE: sliced-groups < abstract-groups ;
 
 : <sliced-groups> ( seq n -- groups )
     sliced-groups new-groups ; inline
 
-M: sliced-groups nth group@ <slice> ;
+INSTANCE: sliced-groups slice-chunking
 
-TUPLE: clumps < abstract-groups ;
+TUPLE: clumps < abstract-clumps ;
 
 : <clumps> ( seq n -- clumps )
     clumps new-groups ; inline
 
-M: clumps length
-    [ seq>> length ] [ n>> ] bi - 1+ ;
+INSTANCE: clumps subseq-chunking
 
-M: clumps set-length
-    [ n>> + 1- ] [ seq>> ] bi set-length ;
-
-M: clumps group@
-    [ n>> over + ] [ seq>> ] bi ;
-
-TUPLE: sliced-clumps < clumps ;
+TUPLE: sliced-clumps < abstract-clumps ;
 
 : <sliced-clumps> ( seq n -- clumps )
     sliced-clumps new-groups ; inline
 
-M: sliced-clumps nth group@ <slice> ;
+INSTANCE: sliced-clumps slice-chunking
 
 : group ( seq n -- array ) <groups> { } like ;
 
diff --git a/core/grouping/summary.txt b/basis/grouping/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from core/grouping/summary.txt
rename to basis/grouping/summary.txt
diff --git a/basis/float-arrays/tags.txt b/basis/grouping/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/float-arrays/tags.txt
rename to basis/grouping/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/hash2/hash2.factor b/basis/hash2/hash2.factor
index 893273e664..6e8c7ee63a 100644
--- a/basis/hash2/hash2.factor
+++ b/basis/hash2/hash2.factor
@@ -14,25 +14,25 @@ IN: hash2
 : <hash2> ( size -- hash2 ) f <array> ;
 
 : 2= ( a b pair -- ? )
-    first2 swapd >r >r = r> r> = and ; inline
+    first2 swapd [ = ] 2bi@ and ; inline
 
 : (assoc2) ( a b alist -- {a,b,val} )
-    [ >r 2dup r> 2= ] find >r 3drop r> ; inline
+    [ 2= ] with with find nip ; inline
 
 : assoc2 ( a b alist -- value )
     (assoc2) dup [ third ] when ; inline
 
 : set-assoc2 ( value a b alist -- alist )
-    >r rot 3array r> ?push ; inline
+    [ rot 3array ] dip ?push ; inline
 
 : hash2@ ( a b hash2 -- a b bucket hash2 )
-    >r 2dup hashcode2 r> [ length mod ] keep ; inline
+    [ 2dup hashcode2 ] dip [ length mod ] keep ; inline
 
 : hash2 ( a b hash2 -- value/f )
-    hash2@ nth [ assoc2 ] [ 2drop f ] if* ;
+    hash2@ nth dup [ assoc2 ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
 
 : set-hash2 ( a b value hash2 -- )
-    >r -rot r> hash2@ [ set-assoc2 ] change-nth ;
+    [ -rot ] dip hash2@ [ set-assoc2 ] change-nth ;
 
 : alist>hash2 ( alist size -- hash2 )
-    <hash2> [ over >r first3 r> set-hash2 ] reduce ; inline
+    <hash2> [ over [ first3 ] dip set-hash2 ] reduce ; inline
diff --git a/basis/heaps/heaps.factor b/basis/heaps/heaps.factor
index 6c387632ed..ba95a9f249 100644
--- a/basis/heaps/heaps.factor
+++ b/basis/heaps/heaps.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ GENERIC: heap-size ( heap -- n )
 TUPLE: heap data ;
 
 : <heap> ( class -- heap )
-    >r V{ } clone r> boa ; inline
+    [ V{ } clone ] dip boa ; inline
 
 TUPLE: entry value key heap index ;
 
@@ -52,17 +52,17 @@ M: heap heap-size ( heap -- n )
     data>> nth-unsafe ; inline
 
 : up-value ( n heap -- entry )
-    >r up r> data-nth ; inline
+    [ up ] dip data-nth ; inline
 
 : left-value ( n heap -- entry )
-    >r left r> data-nth ; inline
+    [ left ] dip data-nth ; inline
 
 : right-value ( n heap -- entry )
-    >r right r> data-nth ; inline
+    [ right ] dip data-nth ; inline
 
 : data-set-nth ( entry n heap -- )
-    >r [ >>index drop ] 2keep r>
-    data>> set-nth-unsafe ;
+    [ [ >>index drop ] 2keep ] dip
+    data>> set-nth-unsafe ; inline
 
 : data-push ( entry heap -- n )
     dup heap-size [
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ M: heap heap-size ( heap -- n )
     data>> first ; inline
 
 : data-exchange ( m n heap -- )
-    [ tuck data-nth >r data-nth r> ] 3keep
-    tuck >r >r data-set-nth r> r> data-set-nth ; inline
+    [ tuck data-nth [ data-nth ] dip ] 3keep
+    tuck [ data-set-nth ] 2dip data-set-nth ; inline
 
 GENERIC: heap-compare ( pair1 pair2 heap -- ? )
 
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ M: max-heap heap-compare (heap-compare) +lt+ eq? ;
     heap-size >= ; inline
 
 : left-bounds-check? ( m heap -- ? )
-    >r left r> heap-bounds-check? ; inline
+    [ left ] dip heap-bounds-check? ; inline
 
 : right-bounds-check? ( m heap -- ? )
-    >r right r> heap-bounds-check? ; inline
+    [ right ] dip heap-bounds-check? ; inline
 
 : continue? ( m up[m] heap -- ? )
     [ data-nth swap ] keep [ data-nth ] keep
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ M: max-heap heap-compare (heap-compare) +lt+ eq? ;
 DEFER: up-heap
 
 : (up-heap) ( n heap -- )
-    >r dup up r>
+    [ dup up ] dip
     3dup continue? [
         [ data-exchange ] 2keep up-heap
     ] [
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ DEFER: up-heap
 
 : (child) ( m heap -- n )
     2dup right-value
-    >r 2dup left-value r>
+    [ 2dup left-value ] dip
     rot heap-compare
     [ right ] [ left ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/help/cookbook/cookbook.factor b/basis/help/cookbook/cookbook.factor
index 9fb837a873..e72fbb439c 100644
--- a/basis/help/cookbook/cookbook.factor
+++ b/basis/help/cookbook/cookbook.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax io kernel math namespaces parser
-prettyprint sequences vocabs.loader namespaces stack-checker ;
+prettyprint sequences vocabs.loader namespaces stack-checker
+help command-line multiline ;
 IN: help.cookbook
 
 ARTICLE: "cookbook-syntax" "Basic syntax cookbook"
@@ -204,10 +205,10 @@ ARTICLE: "cookbook-io" "Input and output cookbook"
 }
 "Convert a file of 4-byte cells from little to big endian or vice versa, by directly mapping it into memory and operating on it with sequence words:"
 { $code
-    "USING: accessors grouping io.files io.mmap kernel sequences ;"
-    "\"mydata.dat\" dup file-info size>> ["
+    "USING: accessors grouping io.files io.mmap.char kernel sequences ;"
+    "\"mydata.dat\" ["
     "    4 <sliced-groups> [ reverse-here ] change-each"
-    "] with-mapped-file"
+    "] with-mapped-char-file"
 }
 "Send some bytes to a remote host:"
 { $code
@@ -262,15 +263,65 @@ ARTICLE: "cookbook-application" "Application cookbook"
 ARTICLE: "cookbook-scripts" "Scripting cookbook"
 "Factor can be used for command-line scripting on Unix-like systems."
 $nl
-"A text file can begin with a comment like the following, and made executable:"
-{ $code "#! /usr/bin/env factor -script" }
-"Running the text file will run it through Factor, assuming the " { $snippet "factor" } " binary is in your " { $snippet "$PATH" } "."
+"To run a script, simply pass it as an argument to the Factor executable:"
+{ $code "./factor cleanup.factor" }
+"The script may access command line arguments by inspecting the value of the " { $link command-line } " variable. It can also get its own path from the " { $link script } " variable."
+{ $heading "Example: ls" }
+"Here is an example implementing a simplified version of the Unix " { $snippet "ls" } " command in Factor:"
+{ $code
+    <" USING: command-line namespaces io io.files tools.files
+sequences kernel ;
+
+command-line get [
+    current-directory get directory.
+] [
+    dup length 1 = [ first directory. ] [
+        [ [ nl write ":" print ] [ directory. ] bi ] each
+    ] if
+] if-empty">
+}
+"You can put it in a file named " { $snippet "ls.factor" } ", and then run it, to list the " { $snippet "/usr/bin" } " directory for example:"
+{ $code "./factor ls.factor /usr/bin" }
+{ $heading "Example: grep" }
+"The following is a more complicated example, implementing something like the Unix " { $snippet "grep" } " command:"
+{ $code <" USING: kernel fry io io.files io.encodings.ascii sequences
+regexp command-line namespaces ;
+IN: grep
+
+: grep-lines ( pattern -- )
+    '[ dup _ matches? [ print ] [ drop ] if ] each-line ;
+
+: grep-file ( pattern filename -- )
+    ascii [ grep-lines ] with-file-reader ;
+
+: grep-usage ( -- )
+    "Usage: factor grep.factor <pattern> [<file>...]" print ;
+
+command-line get [
+    grep-usage
+] [
+    unclip <regexp> swap [
+        grep-lines
+    ] [
+        [ grep-file ] with each
+    ] if-empty
+] if-empty"> }
+"You can run it like so,"
+{ $code "./factor grep.factor '.*hello.*' myfile.txt" }
+"You'll notice this script takes a while to start. This is because it is loading and compiling the " { $vocab-link "regexp" } " vocabulary every time. To speed up startup, load the vocabulary into your image, and save the image:"
+{ $code "USE: regexp" "save" }
+"Now, the " { $snippet "grep.factor" } " script will start up much faster. See " { $link "images" } " for details."
+{ $heading "Executable scripts" }
+"It is also possible to make executable scripts. A Factor file can begin with a comment like the following:"
+{ $code "#! /usr/bin/env factor" }
+"If the text file is made executable, then it can be run, assuming the " { $snippet "factor" } " binary is in your " { $snippet "$PATH" } "."
 $nl
-"The space between " { $snippet "#!" } " and " { $snippet "/usr/bin/env" } " is necessary, since " { $link POSTPONE: #! } " is a parsing word, and a syntax error would otherwise result. The " { $snippet "-script" } " switch suppresses compiler messages, and exits Factor when the script finishes."
+"The space between " { $snippet "#!" } " and " { $snippet "/usr/bin/env" } " is necessary, since " { $link POSTPONE: #! } " is a parsing word, and a syntax error would otherwise result."
 { $references
     { }
     "cli"
     "cookbook-application"
+    "images"
 } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "cookbook-philosophy" "Factor philosophy"
@@ -324,6 +375,19 @@ ARTICLE: "cookbook-pitfalls" "Pitfalls to avoid"
     { "If " { $link run-file } " throws a stack depth assertion, it means that the top-level form in the file left behind values on the stack. The stack depth is compared before and after loading a source file, since this type of situation is almost always an error. If you have a legitimate need to load a source file which returns data in some manner, define a word in the source file which produces this data on the stack and call the word after loading the file." }
 } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "cookbook-next" "Next steps"
+"Once you have read through " { $link "first-program" } " and " { $link "cookbook" } ", the best way to keep learning Factor is to start looking at some simple example programs. Here are a few particularly nice vocabularies which should keep you busy for a little while:"
+{ $list
+    { $vocab-link "base64" }
+    { $vocab-link "roman" }
+    { $vocab-link "rot13" }
+    { $vocab-link "smtp" }
+    { $vocab-link "time-server" }
+    { $vocab-link "tools.hexdump" }
+    { $vocab-link "webapps.counter" }
+}
+"If you see code in there that you do not understand, use " { $link see } " and " { $link help } " to explore." ;
+
 ARTICLE: "cookbook" "Factor cookbook"
 "The Factor cookbook is a high-level overview of the most important concepts required to program in Factor."
 { $subsection "cookbook-syntax" }
@@ -336,6 +400,7 @@ ARTICLE: "cookbook" "Factor cookbook"
 { $subsection "cookbook-scripts" }
 { $subsection "cookbook-compiler" }
 { $subsection "cookbook-philosophy" }
-{ $subsection "cookbook-pitfalls" } ;
+{ $subsection "cookbook-pitfalls" }
+{ $subsection "cookbook-next" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "cookbook"
diff --git a/basis/help/definitions/definitions-tests.factor b/basis/help/definitions/definitions-tests.factor
index 1b8bcccce7..d95f6988a2 100644
--- a/basis/help/definitions/definitions-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/help/definitions/definitions-tests.factor
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ IN: help.definitions.tests
 
     [ ] [ "IN: help.definitions.tests USING: help.syntax ; : xxx ; HELP: xxx ;" eval ] unit-test
 
-    [ ] [ "xxx" "help.definitions.tests" lookup help ] unit-test
+    [ ] [ "xxx" "help.definitions.tests" lookup print-topic ] unit-test
 
     [ ] [ "xxx" "help.definitions.tests" lookup >link synopsis print ] unit-test
 ] with-file-vocabs
diff --git a/basis/help/handbook/handbook-tests.factor b/basis/help/handbook/handbook-tests.factor
index ae6c7d55f4..240ce67240 100644
--- a/basis/help/handbook/handbook-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/help/handbook/handbook-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 IN: help.handbook.tests
 USING: help tools.test ;
 
-[ ] [ "article-index" help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ "primitive-index" help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ "error-index" help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ "type-index" help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ "class-index" help ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "article-index" print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "primitive-index" print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "error-index" print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "type-index" print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "class-index" print-topic ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/help/handbook/handbook.factor b/basis/help/handbook/handbook.factor
index 5b60102e46..2ed86a0a19 100644
--- a/basis/help/handbook/handbook.factor
+++ b/basis/help/handbook/handbook.factor
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ $nl
     { "word"                  { "the basic unit of code, analogous to a function or procedure in other programming languages. See " { $link "words" } } }
 } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "tail-call-opt" "Tail-call optimization"
+"If the last action performed is the execution of a word, the current quotation is not saved on the call stack; this is known as " { $emphasis "tail-call optimization" } " and the Factor implementation guarantees that it will be performed."
+$nl
+"Tail-call optimization allows iterative algorithms to be implemented in an efficient manner using recursion, without the need for any kind of primitive looping construct in the language. However, in practice, most iteration is performed via combinators such as " { $link while } ", " { $link each } ", " { $link map } ", " { $link assoc-each } ", and so on. The definitions of these combinators do bottom-out in recursive words, however." ;
+
 ARTICLE: "evaluator" "Evaluation semantics"
 { $link "quotations" } " are evaluated sequentially from beginning to end. When the end is reached, the quotation returns to its caller. As each object in the quotation is evaluated in turn, an action is taken based on its type:"
 { $list
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@ ARTICLE: "evaluator" "Evaluation semantics"
     { "a " { $link wrapper } " - the wrapped object is pushed on the data stack. Wrappers are used to push word objects directly on the stack when they would otherwise execute. See the " { $link POSTPONE: \ } " parsing word." }
     { "All other types of objects are pushed on the data stack." }
 }
-"If the last action performed is the execution of a word, the current quotation is not saved on the call stack; this is known as " { $snippet "tail-recursion" } " and allows iterative algorithms to execute without incurring unbounded call stack usage."
+{ $subsection "tail-call-opt" }
 { $see-also "compiler" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "objects" "Objects"
@@ -166,16 +171,16 @@ ARTICLE: "io" "Input and output"
 { $heading "Encodings" }
 { $subsection "encodings-introduction" }
 { $subsection "io.encodings" }
-"Wrapper streams:"
+{ $heading "Wrapper streams" }
 { $subsection "io.streams.duplex" }
 { $subsection "io.streams.plain" }
 { $subsection "io.streams.string" }
 { $subsection "io.streams.byte-array" }
-"Utilities:"
+{ $heading "Utilities" }
 { $subsection "stream-binary" }
 { $subsection "styles" }
 { $subsection "checksums" }
-"Implementation:"
+{ $heading "Implementation" }
 { $subsection "io.streams.c" }
 { $subsection "io.ports" }
 { $see-also "destructors" } ;
diff --git a/basis/help/help-docs.factor b/basis/help/help-docs.factor
index 2fe4edfe7f..4a06235c69 100644
--- a/basis/help/help-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/help/help-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: help.markup help.crossref help.stylesheet help.topics
 help.syntax definitions io prettyprint summary arrays math
-sequences vocabs ;
+sequences vocabs strings ;
 IN: help
 
 ARTICLE: "printing-elements" "Printing markup elements"
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ ARTICLE: "block-elements" "Block elements"
 { $subsection $side-effects }
 { $subsection $errors }
 { $subsection $see-also }
+"Elements used in " { $link $values } " forms:"
+{ $subsection $instance }
+{ $subsection $maybe }
+{ $subsection $quotation }
 "Boilerplate paragraphs:"
 { $subsection $low-level-note }
 { $subsection $io-error }
@@ -125,12 +129,17 @@ HELP: $title
 { $values { "topic" "a help article name or a word" } }
 { $description "Prints a help article's title, or a word's " { $link summary } ", depending on the type of " { $snippet "topic" } "." } ;
 
+HELP: print-topic
+{ $values { "topic" "an article name or a word" } }
+{ $description
+    "Displays a help topic on " { $link output-stream } "."
+} ;
+
 HELP: help
 { $values { "topic" "an article name or a word" } }
 { $description
-    "Displays a help article or documentation associated to a word on " { $link output-stream } "."
+    "Displays a help topic."
 } ;
-
 HELP: about
 { $values { "vocab" "a vocabulary specifier" } }
 { $description
@@ -281,7 +290,7 @@ HELP: $link
 } ;
 
 HELP: textual-list
-{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence, printing a comma between each pair of elements." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: help.markup io ;" "{ \"fish\" \"chips\" \"salt\" } [ write ] textual-list" "fish, chips, salt" }
@@ -318,7 +327,37 @@ HELP: $table
 
 HELP: $values
 { $values { "element" "an array of pairs of markup elements" } }
-{ $description "Prints the description of arguments and values found on every word help page. The first element of a pair is the argument name and is output with " { $link $snippet } ". The remainder can be an element of any form." } ;
+{ $description "Prints the description of arguments and values found on every word help page. The first element of a pair is the argument name and is output with " { $link $snippet } ". The remainder is either a single class word, or an element. If it is a class word " { $snippet "class" } ", it is intereted as if it were shorthand for " { $snippet "{ $instance class }" } "." }
+{ $see-also $maybe $instance $quotation } ;
+
+HELP: $instance
+{ $values { "element" "an array with shape " { $snippet "{ class }" } } }
+{ $description
+    "Produces the text ``a " { $emphasis "class" } "'' or ``an " { $emphasis "class" } "'', depending on the first letter of " { $emphasis "class" } "."
+}
+{ $examples
+    { $markup-example { $instance string } }
+    { $markup-example { $instance integer } }
+    { $markup-example { $instance f } }
+} ;
+
+HELP: $maybe
+{ $values { "element" "an array with shape " { $snippet "{ class }" } } }
+{ $description
+    "Produces the text ``a " { $emphasis "class" } " or f'' or ``an " { $emphasis "class" } " or f'', depending on the first letter of " { $emphasis "class" } "."
+}
+{ $examples
+    { $markup-example { $maybe string } }
+} ;
+
+HELP: $quotation
+{ $values { "element" "an array with shape " { $snippet "{ effect }" } } }
+{ $description
+    "Produces the text ``a quotation with stack effect " { $emphasis "effect" } "''."
+}
+{ $examples
+    { $markup-example { $quotation "( obj -- )" } }
+} ;
 
 HELP: $list
 { $values { "element" "an array of markup elements" } }
diff --git a/basis/help/help.factor b/basis/help/help.factor
index 686578f1b6..5d12438e0d 100644
--- a/basis/help/help.factor
+++ b/basis/help/help.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ GENERIC: word-help* ( word -- content )
     { { "object" object } { "?" "a boolean" } } $values
     [
         "Tests if the object is an instance of the " ,
-        first "predicating" word-prop \ $link swap 2array ,
+        first "predicating" word-prop <$link> ,
         " class." ,
     ] { } make $description ;
 
@@ -58,15 +58,36 @@ M: word article-title
         append
     ] if ;
 
-M: word article-content
+<PRIVATE
+
+: (word-help) ( word -- element )
     [
-        \ $vocabulary over 2array ,
-        dup word-help %
-        \ $related over 2array ,
-        dup get-global [ \ $value swap 2array , ] when*
-        \ $definition swap 2array ,
+        {
+            [ \ $vocabulary swap 2array , ]
+            [ word-help % ]
+            [ \ $related swap 2array , ]
+            [ get-global [ \ $value swap 2array , ] when* ]
+            [ \ $definition swap 2array , ]
+        } cleave
     ] { } make ;
 
+M: word article-content (word-help) ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: word-with-methods ( word -- elements )
+    [
+        [ (word-help) % ]
+        [ \ $methods swap 2array , ]
+        bi
+    ] { } make ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+M: generic article-content word-with-methods ;
+
+M: class article-content word-with-methods ;
+
 M: word article-parent "help-parent" word-prop ;
 
 M: word set-article-parent swap "help-parent" set-word-prop ;
@@ -89,10 +110,17 @@ M: word set-article-parent swap "help-parent" set-word-prop ;
         ] with-nesting
     ] with-style nl ;
 
-: help ( topic -- )
+: print-topic ( topic -- )
     last-element off dup $title
     article-content print-content nl ;
 
+SYMBOL: help-hook
+
+help-hook global [ [ print-topic ] or ] change-at
+
+: help ( topic -- )
+    help-hook get call ;
+
 : about ( vocab -- )
     dup require
     dup vocab [ ] [
@@ -127,10 +155,13 @@ M: word set-article-parent swap "help-parent" set-word-prop ;
     ":get  ( var -- value ) accesses variables at time of the error" print
     ":vars - list all variables at error time" print ;
 
-: :help ( -- )
-    error get error-help [ help ] [ "No help for this error. " print ] if*
+: (:help) ( error -- )
+    error-help [ help ] [ "No help for this error. " print ] if*
     :help-debugger ;
 
+: :help ( -- )
+    error get (:help) ;
+
 : remove-article ( name -- )
     dup articles get key? [
         dup unxref-article
diff --git a/basis/help/html/html.factor b/basis/help/html/html.factor
index 386dca9576..a9df0bea81 100644
--- a/basis/help/html/html.factor
+++ b/basis/help/html/html.factor
@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.ascii io.encodings.binary
-io.files html.streams html.elements html.components help kernel
+io.files html.streams html.elements help kernel
 assocs sequences make words accessors arrays help.topics vocabs
 tools.vocabs tools.vocabs.browser namespaces prettyprint io
 vocabs.loader serialize fry memoize unicode.case math.order
-sorting ;
+sorting debugger ;
 IN: help.html
 
 : escape-char ( ch -- )
     dup H{
-        { CHAR: " "__quote__" }
+        { CHAR: " "__quo__" }
         { CHAR: * "__star__" }
         { CHAR: : "__colon__" }
         { CHAR: < "__lt__" }
         { CHAR: > "__gt__" }
-        { CHAR: ? "__question__" }
-        { CHAR: \\ "__backslash__" }
+        { CHAR: ? "__que__" }
+        { CHAR: \\ "__back__" }
         { CHAR: | "__pipe__" }
-        { CHAR: _ "__underscore__" }
         { CHAR: / "__slash__" }
-        { CHAR: \\ "__backslash__" }
         { CHAR: , "__comma__" }
+        { CHAR: @ "__at__" }
     } at [ % ] [ , ] ?if ;
 
 : escape-filename ( string -- filename )
@@ -88,29 +87,23 @@ M: topic browser-link-href topic>filename ;
     all-vocabs-really [ dup vocab-name ] { } map>assoc "vocabs.idx" serialize-index ;
 
 : generate-help-files ( -- )
-    all-topics [ help>html ] each ;
+    all-topics [ '[ _ help>html ] try ] each ;
 
 : generate-help ( -- )
-    { "resource:core" "resource:basis" "resource:extra" } vocab-roots [
-        load-everything
-
-        "/tmp/docs/" make-directory
-
-        "/tmp/docs/" [
+    "docs" temp-file
+    [ make-directories ]
+    [
+        [
             generate-indices
             generate-help-files
         ] with-directory
-    ] with-variable ;
+    ] bi ;
 
 MEMO: load-index ( name -- index )
     binary file-contents bytes>object ;
 
 TUPLE: result title href ;
 
-M: result link-title title>> ;
-
-M: result link-href href>> ;
-
 : offline-apropos ( string index -- results )
     load-index swap >lower
     '[ [ drop _ ] dip >lower subseq? ] assoc-filter
diff --git a/basis/help/lint/lint.factor b/basis/help/lint/lint.factor
index be6206f59c..c7d505d86a 100644
--- a/basis/help/lint/lint.factor
+++ b/basis/help/lint/lint.factor
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ IN: help.lint
     ] each ;
 
 : check-rendering ( word element -- )
-    [ help ] with-string-writer drop ;
+    [ print-topic ] with-string-writer drop ;
 
 : all-word-help ( words -- seq )
     [ word-help ] filter ;
diff --git a/basis/help/lint/summary.txt b/basis/help/lint/summary.txt
index e69de29bb2..d4d7034a8f 100644
--- a/basis/help/lint/summary.txt
+++ b/basis/help/lint/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Help lint tool
diff --git a/basis/help/markup/markup-tests.factor b/basis/help/markup/markup-tests.factor
index 222c4e7d3f..b9ec34a831 100644
--- a/basis/help/markup/markup-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/help/markup/markup-tests.factor
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ TUPLE: blahblah quux ;
 
 [ "an int" ] [ [ { "int" } $instance ] with-string-writer ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ \ quux>> help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ \ >>quux help ] unit-test
-[ ] [ \ blahblah? help ] unit-test
+[ ] [ \ quux>> print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ \ >>quux print-topic ] unit-test
+[ ] [ \ blahblah? print-topic ] unit-test
 
 : fooey "fooey" throw ;
 
-[ ] [ \ fooey help ] unit-test
+[ ] [ \ fooey print-topic ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ gensym help ] unit-test
+[ ] [ gensym print-topic ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/help/markup/markup.factor b/basis/help/markup/markup.factor
index 1eae56cfcc..a7501dc242 100644
--- a/basis/help/markup/markup.factor
+++ b/basis/help/markup/markup.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 USING: accessors arrays definitions generic io kernel assocs
 hashtables namespaces make parser prettyprint sequences strings
 io.styles vectors words math sorting splitting classes slots
-vocabs help.stylesheet help.topics vocabs.loader alias ;
+vocabs help.stylesheet help.topics vocabs.loader alias
+quotations ;
 IN: help.markup
 
 ! Simple markup language.
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ ALIAS: $slot $snippet
     [
         snippet-style get [
             last-element off
-            >r ($code-style) r> with-nesting
+            [ ($code-style) ] dip with-nesting
         ] with-style
     ] ($block) ; inline
 
@@ -234,7 +235,8 @@ ALIAS: $slot $snippet
     ] ($grid) ;
 
 : a/an ( str -- str )
-    first "aeiou" member? "an" "a" ? ;
+    [ first ] [ length ] bi 1 =
+    "afhilmnorsx" "aeiou" ? member? "an" "a" ? ;
 
 GENERIC: ($instance) ( element -- )
 
@@ -244,7 +246,17 @@ M: word ($instance)
 M: string ($instance)
     dup a/an write bl $snippet ;
 
-: $instance ( children -- ) first ($instance) ;
+M: f ($instance)
+    drop { f } $link ;
+
+: $instance ( element -- ) first ($instance) ;
+
+: $maybe ( element -- )
+    $instance " or " print-element { f } $instance ;
+
+: $quotation ( element -- )
+    { "a " { $link quotation } " with stack effect " } print-element
+    $snippet ;
 
 : values-row ( seq -- seq )
     unclip \ $snippet swap ?word-name 2array
@@ -278,6 +290,12 @@ M: string ($instance)
 : $definition ( element -- )
     "Definition" $heading $see ;
 
+: $methods ( element -- )
+    first methods [
+        "Methods" $heading
+        [ see-all ] ($see)
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
 : $value ( object -- )
     "Variable value" $heading
     "Current value in global namespace:" print-element
@@ -336,3 +354,6 @@ M: array elements*
             ] each
         ] curry each
     ] H{ } make-assoc keys ;
+
+: <$link> ( topic -- element )
+    \ $link swap 2array ;
diff --git a/basis/help/syntax/syntax.factor b/basis/help/syntax/syntax.factor
index 42d5ba1781..9a372174ba 100644
--- a/basis/help/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/basis/help/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ IN: help.syntax
     \ ; parse-until >array swap set-word-help ; parsing
 
 : ARTICLE:
-    location >r
-    \ ; parse-until >array [ first2 ] keep 2 tail <article>
-    over add-article >link r> remember-definition ; parsing
+    location [
+        \ ; parse-until >array [ first2 ] keep 2 tail <article>
+        over add-article >link
+    ] dip remember-definition ; parsing
 
 : ABOUT:
     in get vocab
diff --git a/basis/help/tutorial/tutorial.factor b/basis/help/tutorial/tutorial.factor
index cafa758c7e..9ed36ac77c 100644
--- a/basis/help/tutorial/tutorial.factor
+++ b/basis/help/tutorial/tutorial.factor
@@ -1,29 +1,26 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax ui.commands ui.operations
 ui.tools.search ui.tools.workspace editors vocabs.loader
 kernel sequences prettyprint tools.test tools.vocabs strings
-unicode.categories unicode.case ;
+unicode.categories unicode.case ui.tools.browser ;
 IN: help.tutorial
 
 ARTICLE: "first-program-start" "Creating a vocabulary for your first program"
 "Factor source code is organized into " { $link "vocabularies" } ". Before we can write our first program, we must create a vocabulary for it."
 $nl
-"Start by asking Factor for the path to your ``work'' directory, where you will place your own code:"
+"Start by loading the scaffold tool:"
+{ $code "USE: tools.scaffold" }
+"Then, ask the scaffold tool to create a new vocabulary named " { $snippet "palindrome" } ":"
+{ $code "\"resource:work\" \"palindrome\" scaffold-vocab" }
+"If you look at the output, you will see that a few files were created in your ``work'' directory. The following phrase will print the full path of your work directory:"
 { $code "\"work\" resource-path ." }
-"Open the work directory in your file manager, and create a subdirectory named " { $snippet "palindrome" } ". Inside this directory, create a file named " { $snippet "palindrome.factor" } " using your favorite text editor. Leave the file empty for now."
+"The work directory is one of several " { $link "vocabs.roots" } " where Factor searches for vocabularies. It is possible to define new vocabulary roots; see " { $link "add-vocab-roots" } ". To keep things simple in this tutorial, we'll just use the work directory, though."
 $nl
-"Inside the Factor listener, type"
-{ $code "USE: palindrome" }
-"The source file should now load. Since it is empty, it does nothing. If you get an error message, make sure you created the directory and the file in the right place and gave them the right names."
+"Open the work directory in your file manager, and open the subdirectory named " { $snippet "palindrome" } ". Inside this subdirectory you will see a file named " { $snippet "palindrome.factor" } ". We will be editing this file."
 $nl
-"Now, we will start filling out this source file. Go back to your editor, and type:"
-{ $code
-    "! Copyright (C) 2008 <your name here>"
-    "! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license."
-}
-"This is the standard header for Factor source files; it consists of two " { $link "syntax-comments" } "."
-$nl
-"Now, we tell Factor that all definitions in this source file should go into the " { $snippet "palindrome" } " vocabulary using the " { $link POSTPONE: IN: } " word:"
+"Notice that the file ends with an " { $link POSTPONE: IN: } " form telling Factor that all definitions in this source file should go into the " { $snippet "palindrome" } " vocabulary using the " { $link POSTPONE: IN: } " word:"
 { $code "IN: palindrome" }
+"We will add new definitions after the " { $link POSTPONE: IN: } " form."
+$nl
 "You are now ready to go on to the next section: " { $link "first-program-logic" } "." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "first-program-logic" "Writing some logic in your first program"
@@ -43,20 +40,16 @@ $nl
 $nl
 "When you do this, you will get an error about the " { $link dup } " word not being found. This is because this word is part of the " { $vocab-link "kernel" } " vocabulary, but this vocabulary is not part of the source file's " { $link "vocabulary-search" } ". You must explicitly list dependencies in source files. This allows Factor to automatically load required vocabularies and makes larger programs easier to maintain."
 $nl
-"To add the word to the search path, first convince yourself that this word is in the " { $vocab-link "kernel" } " vocabulary by entering the following in the listener:"
-{ $code "\\ dup see" }
-"This shows the definition of " { $link dup } ", along with an " { $link POSTPONE: IN: } " form."
+"To add the word to the search path, first convince yourself that this word is in the " { $vocab-link "kernel" } " vocabulary. Enter " { $snippet "dup" } " in the listener's input area, and press " { $operation com-follow } ". This will open the documentation browser tool, viewing the help for the " { $link dup } " word. One of the subheadings in the help article will mention the word's vocabulary."
 $nl
-"Now, add the following at the start of the source file:"
+"So now, add the following at the start of the source file:"
 { $code "USING: kernel ;" }
-"Next, find out what vocabulary " { $link reverse } " lives in:"
-{ $code "\\ reverse see" }
+"Next, find out what vocabulary " { $link reverse } " lives in; type the word name " { $snippet "reverse" } " in the workspace listener's input area, and press " { $operation com-follow } "."
+$nl
 "It lives in the " { $vocab-link "sequences" } " vocabulary, so we add that to the search path:"
 { $code "USING: kernel sequences ;" }
-"Finally, check what vocabulary " { $link = } " lives in:"
-{ $code "\\ = see" }
-"It's in the " { $vocab-link "kernel" } " vocabulary, which we've already added to the search path."
-
+"Finally, check what vocabulary " { $link = } " lives in, and confirm that it's in the " { $vocab-link "kernel" } " vocabulary, which we've already added to the search path."
+$nl
 "Now press " { $command workspace "workflow" refresh-all } " again, and the source file should reload without any errors. You can now go on and learn about " { $link "first-program-test" } "." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "first-program-test" "Testing your first program"
@@ -81,9 +74,9 @@ $nl
 { $code "." }
 "What we just did is called " { $emphasis "interactive testing" } ". A more advanced technique which comes into play with larger programs is " { $link "tools.test" } "."
 $nl
-"Create a file named " { $snippet "palindrome-tests.factor" } " in the same directory as " { $snippet "palindrome.factor" } ". Now, we can run unit tests from the listener:"
-{ $code "\"palindrome\" test" }
-"We will add some unit tests corresponding to the interactive tests we did above. Unit tests are defined with the " { $link unit-test } " word, which takes a sequence of expected outputs, and a piece of code. It runs the code, and asserts that it outputs the expected values."
+"Open the file named " { $snippet "palindrome-tests.factor" } "; it is located in the same directory as " { $snippet "palindrome.factor" } ", and it was created by the scaffold tool."
+$nl
+"We will add some unit tests, which are similar to the interactive tests we did above. Unit tests are defined with the " { $link unit-test } " word, which takes a sequence of expected outputs, and a piece of code. It runs the code, and asserts that it outputs the expected values."
 $nl
 "Add the following three lines to " { $snippet "palindrome-tests.factor" } ":"
 { $code
@@ -145,7 +138,7 @@ $nl
 ARTICLE: "first-program" "Your first program"
 "In this tutorial, we will write a simple Factor program which prompts the user to enter a word, and tests if it is a palindrome (that is, the word is spelled the same backwards and forwards)."
 $nl
-"In this tutorial, you will learn about basic Factor development tools, as well as application deployment."
+"In this tutorial, you will learn about basic Factor development tools. You may want to open a second workspace window by pressing " { $command workspace "workflow" workspace-window } "; this will allow you to read this tutorial and browse other documentation at the same time."
 { $subsection "first-program-start" }
 { $subsection "first-program-logic" }
 { $subsection "first-program-test" }
diff --git a/basis/hints/hints-docs.factor b/basis/hints/hints-docs.factor
index 347cfd3ef4..b8bda22ddc 100644
--- a/basis/hints/hints-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/hints/hints-docs.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 IN: hints
-USING: help.markup help.syntax words quotations sequences ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax words quotations sequences kernel ;
 
 ARTICLE: "hints" "Compiler specialization hints"
 "Specialization hints help the compiler generate efficient code."
 $nl
-"Specialization hints can help words which call a lot of generic words on the same object - perhaps in a loop - and in most cases, it is anticipated that this object is of a certain class. Using specialization hints, the compiler can be instructed to compile a branch at the beginning of the word; if the branch is taken, the input object has the assumed class, and inlining of generic methods can take place."
+"Specialization hints can help words which call a lot of generic words on the same object - perhaps in a loop - and in most cases, it is anticipated that this object is of a certain class, or even " { $link eq? } " to some literal. Using specialization hints, the compiler can be instructed to compile a branch at the beginning of the word; if the branch is taken, the input object has the assumed class or value, and inlining of generic methods can take place."
 $nl
 "Specialization hints are not declarations; if the inputs do not match what is specified, the word will still run, possibly slower if the compiled code cannot inline methods because of insufficient static type information."
 $nl
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ HELP: specialized-def
 { $description "Outputs the definition of a word after it has been split into specialized branches. This is the definition which will actually be compiled by the compiler." } ;
 
 HELP: HINTS:
-{ $values { "defspec" "a definition specifier" } { "hints..." "a list of sequences of classes" } }
+{ $values { "defspec" "a definition specifier" } { "hints..." "a list of sequences of classes or literals" } }
 { $description "Defines specialization hints for a word or a method."
 $nl
-"Each sequence of classes in the list will cause a specialized version of the word to be compiled." }
+"Each sequence in the list will cause a specialized version of the word to be compiled. Classes are tested for using their predicate, and literals are tested using " { $link eq? } "." }
 { $examples "The " { $link append } " word has a specializer for the very common case where two strings or two arrays are appended:"
 { $code "HINTS: append { string string } { array array } ;" }
 "Specializers can also be defined on methods:"
diff --git a/basis/hints/hints.factor b/basis/hints/hints.factor
index 06ca209cae..240acf74b1 100644
--- a/basis/hints/hints.factor
+++ b/basis/hints/hints.factor
@@ -3,25 +3,34 @@
 USING: parser words definitions kernel sequences assocs arrays
 kernel.private fry combinators accessors vectors strings sbufs
 byte-arrays byte-vectors io.binary io.streams.string splitting
-math generic generic.standard generic.standard.engines ;
+math generic generic.standard generic.standard.engines classes ;
 IN: hints
 
-: (make-specializer) ( class picker -- quot )
-    swap "predicate" word-prop append ;
+GENERIC: specializer-predicate ( spec -- quot )
 
-: make-specializer ( classes -- quot )
+M: class specializer-predicate "predicate" word-prop ;
+
+M: object specializer-predicate '[ _ eq? ] ;
+
+GENERIC: specializer-declaration ( spec -- class )
+
+M: class specializer-declaration ;
+
+M: object specializer-declaration class ;
+
+: make-specializer ( specs -- quot )
     dup length <reversed>
     [ (picker) 2array ] 2map
     [ drop object eq? not ] assoc-filter
     [ [ t ] ] [
-        [ (make-specializer) ] { } assoc>map
+        [ swap specializer-predicate append ] { } assoc>map
         unclip [ swap [ f ] \ if 3array append [ ] like ] reduce
     ] if-empty ;
 
 : specializer-cases ( quot word -- default alist )
     dup [ array? ] all? [ 1array ] unless [
         [ make-specializer ] keep
-        '[ _ declare ] pick append
+        [ specializer-declaration ] map '[ _ declare ] pick append
     ] { } map>assoc ;
 
 : method-declaration ( method -- quot )
diff --git a/basis/html/elements/elements.factor b/basis/html/elements/elements.factor
index 0ee6955e29..fa92f18d34 100644
--- a/basis/html/elements/elements.factor
+++ b/basis/html/elements/elements.factor
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ SYMBOL: html
 : html-word ( name def effect -- )
     #! Define 'word creating' word to allow
     #! dynamically creating words.
-    >r >r elements-vocab create r> r> define-declared ;
+    [ elements-vocab create ] 2dip define-declared ;
 
 : <foo> ( str -- <str> ) "<" swap ">" 3append ;
 
diff --git a/basis/html/forms/forms-docs.factor b/basis/html/forms/forms-docs.factor
index 6556d2eac2..089a516072 100644
--- a/basis/html/forms/forms-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/html/forms/forms-docs.factor
@@ -85,6 +85,14 @@ HELP: validate-values
 { $values { "assoc" assoc } { "validators" "an assoc mapping value names to quotations" } }
 { $description "Validates values in the assoc by looking up the corresponding validation quotation, and storing the results in named values of the current form." } ;
 
+HELP: validation-error
+{ $values { "message" string } }
+{ $description "Reports a validation error not associated with a specific form field." }
+{ $notes "Such errors can be rendered by calling the " { $link render-validation-errors } " word." } ;
+
+HELP: render-validation-errors
+{ $description "Renders any validation errors reported by calls to the " { $link validation-error } " word." } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "html.forms.forms" "HTML form infrastructure"
 "The below words are used to implement the " { $vocab-link "furnace.actions" } " vocabulary. Calling them directly is rarely necessary."
 $nl
diff --git a/basis/html/forms/forms.factor b/basis/html/forms/forms.factor
index c1c1aa3def..f92f8d0764 100644
--- a/basis/html/forms/forms.factor
+++ b/basis/html/forms/forms.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel accessors strings namespaces assocs hashtables
-mirrors math fry sequences words continuations ;
+USING: kernel accessors strings namespaces assocs hashtables io
+mirrors math fry sequences words continuations html.elements
+xml.entities ;
 IN: html.forms
 
 TUPLE: form errors values validation-failed ;
@@ -104,3 +105,11 @@ C: <validation-error> validation-error
 
 : validate-values ( assoc validators -- )
     swap '[ [ dup _ at ] dip validate-value ] assoc-each ;
+
+: render-validation-errors ( -- )
+    form get errors>>
+    [
+        <ul "errors" =class ul>
+            [ <li> escape-string write </li> ] each
+        </ul>
+    ] unless-empty ;
diff --git a/basis/html/streams/streams.factor b/basis/html/streams/streams.factor
index fa81a69bb4..709b65761e 100644
--- a/basis/html/streams/streams.factor
+++ b/basis/html/streams/streams.factor
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ TUPLE: html-sub-stream < html-stream style parent ;
     "font-family: " % % "; " % ;
 
 : apply-style ( style key quot -- style gadget )
-    >r over at r> when* ; inline
+    [ over at ] dip when* ; inline
 
 : make-css ( style quot -- str )
     "" make nip ; inline
@@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ M: html-stream stream-flush
     stream>> stream-flush ;
 
 M: html-stream stream-write1
-    >r 1string r> stream-write ;
+    [ 1string ] dip stream-write ;
 
 M: html-stream stream-write
-    not-a-div >r escape-string r> stream>> stream-write ;
+    not-a-div [ escape-string ] dip stream>> stream-write ;
 
 M: html-stream stream-format
-    >r html over at [ >r escape-string r> ] unless r>
+    [ html over at [ [ escape-string ] dip ] unless ] dip
     format-html-span ;
 
 M: html-stream stream-nl
diff --git a/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe-docs.factor b/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe-docs.factor
index f390aad238..1f2975bce1 100644
--- a/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe-docs.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ HELP: required-attr
 { $errors "Throws an error if the attribute is not specified." } ;
 
 HELP: optional-attr
-{ $values { "tag" tag } { "name" string } { "value" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "tag" tag } { "name" string } { "value" { $maybe string } } }
 { $description "Extracts an attribute from a tag." }
 { $notes "Outputs " { $link f } " if the attribute is not specified." } ;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ HELP: compile-attr
 
 HELP: CHLOE:
 { $syntax "name definition... ;" }
-{ $values { "name" "the tag name" } { "definition" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( tag -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "name" "the tag name" } { "definition" { $quotation "( tag -- )" } } }
 { $description "Defines compilation semantics for the Chloe tag named " { $snippet "tag" } ". The definition body receives a " { $link tag } " on the stack." } ;
 
 HELP: COMPONENT:
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ HELP: [code]
 { $description "Compiles the quotation. It will be called when the template is called." } ;
 
 HELP: process-children
-{ $values { "tag" tag } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( compiled-tag -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "tag" tag } { "quot" { $quotation "( compiled-tag -- )" } } }
 { $description "Compiles the tag. The quotation will be applied to the resulting quotation when the template is called." }
 { $examples "See " { $link "html.templates.chloe.extend.tags.example" } " for an example which uses this word to implement a custom control flow tag." } ;
 
@@ -154,6 +154,9 @@ ARTICLE: "html.templates.chloe.tags.form" "Chloe link and form tags"
             "</t:button>"
         }
     } }
+    { { $snippet "t:validation-errors" } {
+        "Renders validation errors in the current form which are not associated with any field. Such errors are reported by invoking " { $link validation-error } "."
+    } }
 } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "html.templates.chloe.tags" "Standard Chloe tags"
diff --git a/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe.factor b/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe.factor
index 1bc4684d5c..da3f80e9a5 100644
--- a/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe.factor
+++ b/basis/html/templates/chloe/chloe.factor
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ CHLOE: comment drop ;
 CHLOE: call-next-template
     drop reset-buffer \ call-next-template , ;
 
+CHLOE: validation-errors
+    drop [ render-validation-errors ] [code] ;
+
 : attr>word ( value -- word/f )
     ":" split1 swap lookup ;
 
diff --git a/basis/html/templates/chloe/compiler/compiler.factor b/basis/html/templates/chloe/compiler/compiler.factor
index 4f2eaafe26..ac784f8c2a 100644
--- a/basis/html/templates/chloe/compiler/compiler.factor
+++ b/basis/html/templates/chloe/compiler/compiler.factor
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ DEFER: compile-element
         { [ dup [ tag? ] [ xml? ] bi or ] [ compile-tag ] }
         { [ dup string? ] [ escape-string [write] ] }
         { [ dup comment? ] [ drop ] }
-        [ [ write-item ] [code-with] ]
+        [ [ write-xml-chunk ] [code-with] ]
     } cond ;
 
 : with-compiler ( quot -- quot' )
diff --git a/basis/html/templates/fhtml/fhtml-tests.factor b/basis/html/templates/fhtml/fhtml-tests.factor
index b863087a92..6cebb55688 100644
--- a/basis/html/templates/fhtml/fhtml-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/html/templates/fhtml/fhtml-tests.factor
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 USING: io io.files io.streams.string io.encodings.utf8
 html.templates html.templates.fhtml kernel
-tools.test sequences parser ;
+tools.test sequences parser splitting prettyprint ;
 IN: html.templates.fhtml.tests
 
 : test-template ( path -- ? )
     "resource:basis/html/templates/fhtml/test/"
     prepend
-    [
-        ".fhtml" append <fhtml> [ call-template ] with-string-writer
-    ] keep
-    ".html" append utf8 file-contents = ;
+    [ ".fhtml" append <fhtml> [ call-template ] with-string-writer ]
+    [ ".html" append utf8 file-contents ] bi
+    [ . . ] [ = ] 2bi ;
 
 [ t ] [ "example" test-template ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "bug" test-template ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/http/client/client-docs.factor b/basis/http/client/client-docs.factor
index d4f277a7c3..7a35ba812b 100644
--- a/basis/http/client/client-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/http/client/client-docs.factor
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ HELP: http-post
 { $errors "Throws an error if the HTTP request fails." } ;
 
 HELP: with-http-get
-{ $values { "url" "a " { $link url } " or " { $link string } } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( chunk -- )" } } { "response" response } }
+{ $values { "url" "a " { $link url } " or " { $link string } } { "quot" { $quotation "( chunk -- )" } } { "response" response } }
 { $description "Downloads the contents of a URL. Chunks of data are passed to the quotation as they are read." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the HTTP request fails." } ;
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ HELP: http-request
 { $errors "Throws an error if the HTTP request fails." } ;
 
 HELP: with-http-request
-{ $values { "request" request } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( chunk -- )" } } { "response" response } }
+{ $values { "request" request } { "quot" { $quotation "( chunk -- )" } } { "response" response } }
 { $description "Sends an HTTP request to an HTTP server, and reads the response incrementally. Chunks of data are passed to the quotation as they are read." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the HTTP request fails." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/http/http-docs.factor b/basis/http/http-docs.factor
index 4db04f04aa..6fb5b73fad 100644
--- a/basis/http/http-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/http/http-docs.factor
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ HELP: delete-cookie
 { $side-effects "request/response" } ;
 
 HELP: get-cookie
-{ $values { "request/response" "a " { $link request } " or a " { $link response } } { "name" string } { "cookie/f" "a " { $link cookie } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "request/response" "a " { $link request } " or a " { $link response } } { "name" string } { "cookie/f" { $maybe cookie } } }
 { $description "Gets a named cookie from a request or response." } ;
 
 HELP: put-cookie
diff --git a/basis/http/http-tests.factor b/basis/http/http-tests.factor
index 96320b7d12..6e93d5ee3a 100644
--- a/basis/http/http-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/http/http-tests.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ USING: http http.server http.client tools.test multiline
 io.streams.string io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.8-bit
 io.encodings.binary io.encodings.string kernel arrays splitting
 sequences assocs io.sockets db db.sqlite continuations urls
-hashtables accessors ;
+hashtables accessors namespaces ;
 IN: http.tests
 
 [ "text/plain" latin1 ] [ "text/plain" parse-content-type ] unit-test
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ IN: http.tests
 
 [ "application/octet-stream" binary ] [ "application/octet-stream" parse-content-type ] unit-test
 
+[ { } ] [ "" parse-cookie ] unit-test
+[ { } ] [ "" parse-set-cookie ] unit-test
+
+! Make sure that totally invalid cookies don't confuse us
+[ { } ] [ "hello world; how are you" parse-cookie ] unit-test
+
 : lf>crlf "\n" split "\r\n" join ;
 
 STRING: read-request-test-1
@@ -126,6 +132,7 @@ content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 ;
 
 read-response-test-1' 1array [
+    URL" http://localhost/" url set
     read-response-test-1 lf>crlf
     [ read-response ] with-string-reader
     [ write-response ] with-string-writer
diff --git a/basis/http/parsers/parsers.factor b/basis/http/parsers/parsers.factor
index 8e8e7358d1..d72147b381 100644
--- a/basis/http/parsers/parsers.factor
+++ b/basis/http/parsers/parsers.factor
@@ -142,16 +142,15 @@ PEG: parse-header-line ( string -- pair )
         'space' ,
         'attr' ,
         'space' ,
-            [ "=" token , 'space' , 'value' , ] seq* [ peek ] action
-            epsilon [ drop f ] action
-        2choice ,
+        [ "=" token , 'space' , 'value' , ] seq* [ peek ] action optional ,
         'space' ,
     ] seq* ;
 
 : 'av-pairs' ( -- parser )
     'av-pair' ";" token list-of optional ;
 
-PEG: (parse-set-cookie) ( string -- alist ) 'av-pairs' just ;
+PEG: (parse-set-cookie) ( string -- alist )
+    'av-pairs' just [ sift ] action ;
 
 : 'cookie-value' ( -- parser )
     [
@@ -162,7 +161,10 @@ PEG: (parse-set-cookie) ( string -- alist ) 'av-pairs' just ;
         'space' ,
         'value' ,
         'space' ,
-    ] seq* ;
+    ] seq*
+    [ ";,=" member? not ] satisfy repeat1 [ drop f ] action
+    2choice ;
 
 PEG: (parse-cookie) ( string -- alist )
-    'cookie-value' [ ";," member? ] satisfy list-of optional just ;
+    'cookie-value' [ ";," member? ] satisfy list-of
+    optional just [ sift ] action ;
diff --git a/basis/http/server/static/static-docs.factor b/basis/http/server/static/static-docs.factor
index bca72a6126..fbe20b5fcd 100644
--- a/basis/http/server/static/static-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/http/server/static/static-docs.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string ;
 IN: http.server.static
 
 HELP: <file-responder>
-{ $values { "root" "a pathname string" } { "hook" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( path mime-type -- response )" } } { "responder" file-responder } }
+{ $values { "root" "a pathname string" } { "hook" { $quotation "( path mime-type -- response )" } } { "responder" file-responder } }
 { $description "Creates a file responder which serves content from " { $snippet "path" } " by using the hook to generate a response." } ;
 
 HELP: <static>
diff --git a/basis/http/server/static/static.factor b/basis/http/server/static/static.factor
index 208273364c..0bc644d019 100644
--- a/basis/http/server/static/static.factor
+++ b/basis/http/server/static/static.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: calendar io io.files kernel math math.order
 math.parser namespaces parser sequences strings
-assocs hashtables debugger mime-types sorting logging
+assocs hashtables debugger mime.types sorting logging
 calendar.format accessors splitting
 io.encodings.binary fry xml.entities destructors urls
 html.elements html.templates.fhtml
diff --git a/basis/inspector/inspector.factor b/basis/inspector/inspector.factor
index 7b451d5266..b47426f5bb 100644
--- a/basis/inspector/inspector.factor
+++ b/basis/inspector/inspector.factor
@@ -49,10 +49,8 @@ SYMBOL: +editable+
     ] [ keys ] if ;
 
 : describe* ( obj mirror keys -- )
-    rot summary.
-    [
-        drop
-    ] [
+    [ summary. ] 2dip
+    [ drop ] [
         dup enum? [ +sequence+ on ] when
         standard-table-style [
             swap [ -rot describe-row ] curry each-index
diff --git a/basis/interval-maps/interval-maps.factor b/basis/interval-maps/interval-maps.factor
index 99da00ceab..34e43ddc75 100644
--- a/basis/interval-maps/interval-maps.factor
+++ b/basis/interval-maps/interval-maps.factor
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ TUPLE: interval-map array ;
     first2 between? ;
 
 : all-intervals ( sequence -- intervals )
-    [ >r dup number? [ dup 2array ] when r> ] { } assoc-map-as ;
+    [ [ dup number? [ dup 2array ] when ] dip ] { } assoc-map-as ;
 
 : disjoint? ( node1 node2 -- ? )
     [ second ] [ first ] bi* < ;
diff --git a/basis/io/buffers/buffers-tests.factor b/basis/io/buffers/buffers-tests.factor
index b3c5c4ee90..4425e08106 100644
--- a/basis/io/buffers/buffers-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/io/buffers/buffers-tests.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ destructors ;
 
 : buffer-set ( string buffer -- )
     over >byte-array over ptr>> byte-array>memory
-    >r length r> buffer-reset ;
+    [ length ] dip buffer-reset ;
 
 : string>buffer ( string -- buffer )
     dup length <buffer> tuck buffer-set ;
diff --git a/basis/io/encodings/string/string-docs.factor b/basis/io/encodings/string/string-docs.factor
index 0a35eee272..dc0f547301 100644
--- a/basis/io/encodings/string/string-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/encodings/string/string-docs.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax byte-arrays strings ;
 IN: io.encodings.string
 
 ARTICLE: "io.encodings.string" "Encoding and decoding strings"
-"Strings can be encoded or decoded to and from byte arrays through an encoding with the following words:"
+"Strings can be encoded or decoded to and from byte arrays through an encoding by passing "
+{ $link "encodings-descriptors" } " to the following words:"
 { $subsection encode }
 { $subsection decode } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/encodings/utf16/utf16.factor b/basis/io/encodings/utf16/utf16.factor
index 037087e452..167d7534d1 100644
--- a/basis/io/encodings/utf16/utf16.factor
+++ b/basis/io/encodings/utf16/utf16.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ERROR: missing-bom ;
 : quad-be ( stream byte -- stream char )
     double-be over stream-read1 [
         dup -2 shift BIN: 110111 number= [
-            >r 2 shift r> BIN: 11 bitand bitor
+            [ 2 shift ] dip BIN: 11 bitand bitor
             over stream-read1 swap append-nums HEX: 10000 +
         ] [ 2drop dup stream-read1 drop replacement-char ] if
     ] when* ;
diff --git a/basis/io/launcher/launcher.factor b/basis/io/launcher/launcher.factor
index 3e1ef6ce05..0ed10e63c3 100644
--- a/basis/io/launcher/launcher.factor
+++ b/basis/io/launcher/launcher.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ USING: system kernel namespaces strings hashtables sequences
 assocs combinators vocabs.loader init threads continuations
 math accessors concurrency.flags destructors environment
 io io.backend io.timeouts io.pipes io.pipes.private io.encodings
-io.streams.duplex io.ports debugger prettyprint summary ;
+io.streams.duplex io.ports debugger prettyprint summary
+calendar ;
 IN: io.launcher
 
 TUPLE: process < identity-tuple
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ SYMBOL: wait-flag
 : wait-loop ( -- )
     processes get assoc-empty?
     [ wait-flag get-global lower-flag ]
-    [ wait-for-processes [ 100 sleep ] when ] if ;
+    [ wait-for-processes [ 100 milliseconds sleep ] when ] if ;
 
 : start-wait-thread ( -- )
     <flag> wait-flag set-global
@@ -182,16 +183,18 @@ M: object run-pipeline-element
 
 : <process-reader*> ( desc encoding -- stream process )
     [
-        >r (pipe) {
-            [ |dispose drop ]
-            [
-                swap >process
-                    [ swap out>> or ] change-stdout
-                run-detached
-            ]
-            [ out>> dispose ]
-            [ in>> <input-port> ]
-        } cleave r> <decoder> swap
+        [
+            (pipe) {
+                [ |dispose drop ]
+                [
+                    swap >process
+                        [ swap out>> or ] change-stdout
+                    run-detached
+                ]
+                [ out>> dispose ]
+                [ in>> <input-port> ]
+            } cleave
+        ] dip <decoder> swap
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <process-reader> ( desc encoding -- stream )
@@ -204,16 +207,18 @@ M: object run-pipeline-element
 
 : <process-writer*> ( desc encoding -- stream process )
     [
-        >r (pipe) {
-            [ |dispose drop ]
-            [
-                swap >process
-                    [ swap in>> or ] change-stdin
-                run-detached
-            ]
-            [ in>> dispose ]
-            [ out>> <output-port> ]
-        } cleave r> <encoder> swap
+        [
+            (pipe) {
+                [ |dispose drop ]
+                [
+                    swap >process
+                        [ swap in>> or ] change-stdin
+                    run-detached
+                ]
+                [ in>> dispose ]
+                [ out>> <output-port> ]
+            } cleave
+        ] dip <encoder> swap
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <process-writer> ( desc encoding -- stream )
@@ -226,17 +231,19 @@ M: object run-pipeline-element
 
 : <process-stream*> ( desc encoding -- stream process )
     [
-        >r (pipe) (pipe) {
-            [ [ |dispose drop ] bi@ ]
-            [
-                rot >process
-                    [ swap in>> or ] change-stdin
-                    [ swap out>> or ] change-stdout
-                run-detached
-            ]
-            [ [ out>> dispose ] [ in>> dispose ] bi* ]
-            [ [ in>> <input-port> ] [ out>> <output-port> ] bi* ]
-        } 2cleave r> <encoder-duplex> swap
+        [
+            (pipe) (pipe) {
+                [ [ |dispose drop ] bi@ ]
+                [
+                    rot >process
+                        [ swap in>> or ] change-stdin
+                        [ swap out>> or ] change-stdout
+                    run-detached
+                ]
+                [ [ out>> dispose ] [ in>> dispose ] bi* ]
+                [ [ in>> <input-port> ] [ out>> <output-port> ] bi* ]
+            } 2cleave
+        ] dip <encoder-duplex> swap
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <process-stream> ( desc encoding -- stream )
@@ -253,23 +260,6 @@ M: object run-pipeline-element
     f >>handle
     drop ;
 
-GENERIC: underlying-handle ( stream -- handle )
-
-M: port underlying-handle handle>> ;
-
-ERROR: invalid-duplex-stream ;
-
-M: duplex-stream underlying-handle
-    [ in>> underlying-handle ]
-    [ out>> underlying-handle ] bi
-    [ = [ invalid-duplex-stream ] when ] keep ;
-
-M: encoder underlying-handle
-    stream>> underlying-handle ;
-
-M: decoder underlying-handle
-    stream>> underlying-handle ;
-
 {
     { [ os unix? ] [ "io.unix.launcher" require ] }
     { [ os winnt? ] [ "io.windows.nt.launcher" require ] }
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/alien/alien.factor b/basis/io/mmap/alien/alien.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b0a532407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/alien/alien.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.alien ;
+IN: io.mmap.alien
+
+<< "void*" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/bool/bool.factor b/basis/io/mmap/bool/bool.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2b596fff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/bool/bool.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.bool ;
+IN: io.mmap.bool
+
+<< "bool" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/char/char.factor b/basis/io/mmap/char/char.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..453e7e940c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/char/char.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.char ;
+IN: io.mmap.char
+
+<< "char" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/double/double.factor b/basis/io/mmap/double/double.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..919c006748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/double/double.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.double ;
+IN: io.mmap.double
+
+<< "double" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/float/float.factor b/basis/io/mmap/float/float.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33cf16c29f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/float/float.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.float ;
+IN: io.mmap.float
+
+<< "float" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/functor/functor.factor b/basis/io/mmap/functor/functor.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4587a75fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/functor/functor.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: io.mmap functors accessors alien.c-types math kernel
+words fry ;
+IN: io.mmap.functor
+
+SLOT: address
+SLOT: length
+
+: mapped-file>direct ( mapped-file type -- alien length )
+    [ [ address>> ] [ length>> ] bi ] dip
+    heap-size [ 1- + ] keep /i ;
+
+FUNCTOR: define-mapped-array ( T -- )
+
+<mapped-A>         DEFINES <mapped-${T}-array>
+<A>                IS      <direct-${T}-array>
+with-mapped-A-file DEFINES with-mapped-${T}-file
+
+WHERE
+
+: <mapped-A> ( mapped-file -- direct-array )
+    T mapped-file>direct <A> execute ; inline
+
+: with-mapped-A-file ( path length quot -- )
+    '[ <mapped-A> execute @ ] with-mapped-file ; inline
+
+;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/int/int.factor b/basis/io/mmap/int/int.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..400e81e401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/int/int.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.int ;
+IN: io.mmap.int
+
+<< "int" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/long/long.factor b/basis/io/mmap/long/long.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..190dd288ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/long/long.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.long ;
+IN: io.mmap.long
+
+<< "long" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/longlong/longlong.factor b/basis/io/mmap/longlong/longlong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d0a2aaa5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/longlong/longlong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.longlong ;
+IN: io.mmap.longlong
+
+<< "longlong" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/mmap-docs.factor b/basis/io/mmap/mmap-docs.factor
index c774103fca..bd971656d4 100644
--- a/basis/io/mmap/mmap-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/mmap-docs.factor
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ HELP: mapped-file
 } ;
 
 HELP: <mapped-file>
-{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "length" integer } { "mmap" mapped-file } }
-{ $contract "Opens a file and maps the first " { $snippet "length" } " bytes into memory. The length is permitted to exceed the length of the file on disk, in which case the remaining space is padded with zero bytes." }
-{ $notes "You must call " { $link close-mapped-file } " when you are finished working with the returned object, to reclaim resources. The " { $link with-mapped-file } " provides an abstraction which can close the mapped file for you." }
+{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" }  { "mmap" mapped-file } }
+{ $contract "Opens a file and maps its contents into memory. The length is permitted to exceed the length of the file on disk, in which case the remaining space is padded with zero bytes." }
+{ $notes "You must call " { $link dispose } " when you are finished working with the returned object, to reclaim resources. The " { $link with-mapped-file } " provides an abstraction which can close the mapped file for you." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if a memory mapping could not be established." } ;
 
 HELP: with-mapped-file
-{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "length" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( mmap -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "quot" { $quotation "( mmap -- )" } } }
 { $contract "Opens a file and maps its contents into memory, passing the " { $link mapped-file } " instance to the quotation. The mapped file is disposed of when the quotation returns, or if an error is thrown." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if a memory mapping could not be established." } ;
 
@@ -26,6 +26,33 @@ HELP: close-mapped-file
 { $contract "Releases system resources associated with the mapped file. This word should not be called by user code; use " { $link dispose } " instead." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if a memory mapping could not be established." } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "io.mmap.arrays" "Memory-mapped arrays"
+"Mapped file can be viewed as a sequence using the words in sub-vocabularies of " { $vocab-link "io.mmap" } ". For each primitive C type " { $snippet "T" } ", a set of words are defined in the vocabulary named " { $snippet "io.mmap.T" } ":"
+{ $table
+    { { $snippet "<mapped-T-array>" } { "Wraps a " { $link mapped-file } " in a sequence; stack effect " { $snippet "( mapped-file -- direct-array )" } } }
+    { { $snippet "with-mapped-T-file" } { "Maps a file into memory and wraps it in a sequence by combining " { $link with-mapped-file } " and " { $snippet "<mapped-T-array>" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( path quot -- )" } } }
+}
+"The primitive C types for which mapped arrays exist:"
+{ $list
+    { $snippet "char" }
+    { $snippet "uchar" }
+    { $snippet "short" }
+    { $snippet "ushort" }
+    { $snippet "int" }
+    { $snippet "uint" }
+    { $snippet "long" }
+    { $snippet "ulong" }
+    { $snippet "longlong" }
+    { $snippet "ulonglong" }
+    { $snippet "float" }
+    { $snippet "double" }
+    { $snippet "void*" }
+    { $snippet "bool" }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "io.mmap.low-level" "Reading and writing mapped files directly"
+"Data can be read and written from the " { $link mapped-file } " by applying low-level alien words to the " { $slot "address" } " slot. See " { $link "reading-writing-memory" } "." ;
+
 ARTICLE: "io.mmap" "Memory-mapped files"
 "The " { $vocab-link "io.mmap" } " vocabulary implements support for memory-mapped files."
 { $subsection <mapped-file> }
@@ -33,7 +60,8 @@ ARTICLE: "io.mmap" "Memory-mapped files"
 $nl
 "A utility combinator which wraps the above:"
 { $subsection with-mapped-file }
-"Memory mapped files implement the " { $link "sequence-protocol" } " and present themselves as a sequence of bytes. The underlying memory area can also be accessed directly with the " { $snippet "address" } " slot." $nl
-"Data can be read and written from the memory area using alien words. See " { $link "reading-writing-memory" } "." ;
+"Instances of " { $link mapped-file } " don't support any interesting operations in themselves. There are two facilities for accessing their contents:"
+{ $subsection "io.mmap.arrays" }
+{ $subsection "io.mmap.low-level" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "io.mmap"
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/mmap-tests.factor b/basis/io/mmap/mmap-tests.factor
index 57faca01c7..dc2f0b4687 100644
--- a/basis/io/mmap/mmap-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/mmap-tests.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-USING: io io.mmap io.files kernel tools.test continuations
-sequences io.encodings.ascii accessors ;
+USING: io io.mmap io.mmap.char io.files kernel tools.test
+continuations sequences io.encodings.ascii accessors ;
 IN: io.mmap.tests
 
 [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file delete-file ] ignore-errors
 [ ] [ "12345" "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file ascii set-file-contents ] unit-test
-[ ] [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file dup file-info size>> [ CHAR: 2 0 pick set-nth drop ] with-mapped-file ] unit-test
-[ 5 ] [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file dup file-info size>> [ length ] with-mapped-file ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file [ CHAR: 2 0 pick set-nth drop ] with-mapped-char-file ] unit-test
+[ 5 ] [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file [ length ] with-mapped-char-file ] unit-test
 [ "22345" ] [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file ascii file-contents ] unit-test
 [ "mmap-test-file.txt" temp-file delete-file ] ignore-errors
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/mmap.factor b/basis/io/mmap/mmap.factor
index 01e7054ef1..3cf451bd03 100644
--- a/basis/io/mmap/mmap.factor
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/mmap.factor
@@ -1,34 +1,24 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Doug Coleman, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: continuations destructors io.backend kernel quotations
-sequences system alien alien.accessors accessors
-sequences.private system vocabs.loader combinators ;
+USING: continuations destructors io.files io.backend kernel
+quotations system alien alien.accessors accessors system
+vocabs.loader combinators alien.c-types ;
 IN: io.mmap
 
 TUPLE: mapped-file address handle length disposed ;
 
-M: mapped-file length dup check-disposed length>> ;
-
-M: mapped-file nth-unsafe
-    dup check-disposed address>> swap alien-unsigned-1 ;
-
-M: mapped-file set-nth-unsafe
-    dup check-disposed address>> swap set-alien-unsigned-1 ;
-
-INSTANCE: mapped-file sequence
-
 HOOK: (mapped-file) io-backend ( path length -- address handle )
 
-: <mapped-file> ( path length -- mmap )
-    [ >r normalize-path r> (mapped-file) ] keep
+: <mapped-file> ( path -- mmap )
+    [ normalize-path ] [ file-info size>> ] bi [ (mapped-file) ] keep
     f mapped-file boa ;
 
 HOOK: close-mapped-file io-backend ( mmap -- )
 
 M: mapped-file dispose* ( mmap -- ) close-mapped-file ;
 
-: with-mapped-file ( path length quot -- )
-    >r <mapped-file> r> with-disposal ; inline
+: with-mapped-file ( path quot -- )
+    [ <mapped-file> ] dip with-disposal ; inline
 
 {
     { [ os unix? ] [ "io.unix.mmap" require ] }
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/short/short.factor b/basis/io/mmap/short/short.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..add58157f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/short/short.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.short ;
+IN: io.mmap.short
+
+<< "short" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/uchar/uchar.factor b/basis/io/mmap/uchar/uchar.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d30fb60251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/uchar/uchar.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.uchar ;
+IN: io.mmap.uchar
+
+<< "uchar" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/uint/uint.factor b/basis/io/mmap/uint/uint.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..926a0f4af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/uint/uint.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.uint ;
+IN: io.mmap.uint
+
+<< "uint" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/ulong/ulong.factor b/basis/io/mmap/ulong/ulong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80f70b3596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/ulong/ulong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.ulong ;
+IN: io.mmap.ulong
+
+<< "ulong" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor b/basis/io/mmap/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91f481cef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.mmap.functor specialized-arrays.direct.ulonglong ;
+IN: io.mmap.ulonglong
+
+<< "ulonglong" define-mapped-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/mmap/ushort/ushort.factor b/basis/io/mmap/ushort/ushort.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0989aa9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/mmap/ushort/ushort.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.ushort
+
+<< "ushort" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/io/monitors/monitors-docs.factor b/basis/io/monitors/monitors-docs.factor
index ce59e23b45..3242b276e6 100644
--- a/basis/io/monitors/monitors-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/monitors/monitors-docs.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ HELP: next-change
 { $errors "Throws an error if the monitor is closed from another thread." } ;
 
 HELP: with-monitor
-{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "recursive?" "a boolean" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( monitor -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "recursive?" "a boolean" } { "quot" { $quotation "( monitor -- )" } } }
 { $description "Opens a file system change monitor and passes it to the quotation. Closes the monitor after the quotation returns or throws an error." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the pathname does not exist, if a monitor could not be created or if the platform does not support monitors." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/monitors/monitors.factor b/basis/io/monitors/monitors.factor
index 7f33f0caa6..72f2bc80c5 100644
--- a/basis/io/monitors/monitors.factor
+++ b/basis/io/monitors/monitors.factor
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ SYMBOL: +rename-file-new+
 SYMBOL: +rename-file+
 
 : with-monitor ( path recursive? quot -- )
-    >r <monitor> r> with-disposal ; inline
+    [ <monitor> ] dip with-disposal ; inline
 
 {
     { [ os macosx? ] [ "io.unix.macosx.monitors" require ] }
diff --git a/basis/io/monitors/recursive/recursive.factor b/basis/io/monitors/recursive/recursive.factor
index 45979363c9..a96c6f04f1 100644
--- a/basis/io/monitors/recursive/recursive.factor
+++ b/basis/io/monitors/recursive/recursive.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: accessors sequences assocs arrays continuations
 destructors combinators kernel threads concurrency.messaging
 concurrency.mailboxes concurrency.promises io.files io.monitors
-debugger ;
+debugger fry ;
 IN: io.monitors.recursive
 
 ! Simulate recursive monitors on platforms that don't have them
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ DEFER: add-child-monitor
     qualify-path dup link-info directory? [
         [ add-child-monitors ]
         [
-            [
-                [ f my-mailbox (monitor) ] keep
+            '[
+                _ [ f my-mailbox (monitor) ] keep
                 monitor tget children>> set-at
-            ] curry ignore-errors
+            ] ignore-errors
         ] bi
     ] [ drop ] if ;
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ M: recursive-monitor dispose*
     monitor tget children>> [ nip dispose ] assoc-each ;
 
 : pump-step ( msg -- )
-    first3 path>> swap >r prepend-path r> monitor tget 3array
+    first3 path>> swap [ prepend-path ] dip monitor tget 3array
     monitor tget queue>>
     mailbox-put ;
 
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ M: recursive-monitor dispose*
 
 : pump-loop ( -- )
     receive dup synchronous? [
-        >r stop-pump t r> reply-synchronous
+        [ stop-pump t ] dip reply-synchronous
     ] [
-        [ [ update-hierarchy ] curry ignore-errors ] [ pump-step ] bi
+        [ '[ _ update-hierarchy ] ignore-errors ] [ pump-step ] bi
         pump-loop
     ] if ;
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ M: recursive-monitor dispose*
     pump-loop ;
 
 : start-pump-thread ( monitor -- )
-    dup [ pump-thread ] curry
+    dup '[ _ pump-thread ]
     "Recursive monitor pump" spawn
     >>thread drop ;
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ M: recursive-monitor dispose*
     ready>> ?promise ?linked drop ;
 
 : <recursive-monitor> ( path mailbox -- monitor )
-    >r (normalize-path) r>
+    [ (normalize-path) ] dip
     recursive-monitor new-monitor
         H{ } clone >>children
         <promise> >>ready
diff --git a/basis/io/pipes/pipes.factor b/basis/io/pipes/pipes.factor
index ca4046fe07..3a7fa5a2e0 100644
--- a/basis/io/pipes/pipes.factor
+++ b/basis/io/pipes/pipes.factor
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ HOOK: (pipe) io-backend ( -- pipe )
 
 : <pipe> ( encoding -- stream )
     [
-        >r (pipe) |dispose
-        [ in>> <input-port> ] [ out>> <output-port> ] bi
-        r> <encoder-duplex>
+        [
+            (pipe) |dispose
+            [ in>> <input-port> ] [ out>> <output-port> ] bi
+        ] dip <encoder-duplex>
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -32,8 +33,7 @@ GENERIC: run-pipeline-element ( input-fd output-fd obj -- quot )
 
 M: callable run-pipeline-element
     [
-        >r [ ?reader ] [ ?writer ] bi*
-        r> with-streams*
+        [ [ ?reader ] [ ?writer ] bi* ] dip with-streams*
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <pipes> ( n -- pipes )
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ PRIVATE>
 : run-pipeline ( seq -- results )
     [ length dup zero? [ drop { } ] [ 1- <pipes> ] if ] keep
     [
-        >r [ first in>> ] [ second out>> ] bi
-        r> run-pipeline-element
+        [ [ first in>> ] [ second out>> ] bi ] dip
+        run-pipeline-element
     ] 2parallel-map ;
 
 {
diff --git a/basis/io/pools/pools-docs.factor b/basis/io/pools/pools-docs.factor
index aae1698349..36f437dd09 100644
--- a/basis/io/pools/pools-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/pools/pools-docs.factor
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ HELP: return-connection
 { $description "Returns a connection to the pool." } ;
 
 HELP: with-pooled-connection
-{ $values { "pool" pool } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( conn -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "pool" pool } { "quot" { $quotation "( conn -- )" } } }
 { $description "Calls a quotation with a pooled connection on the stack. If the quotation returns successfully, the connection is returned to the pool; if the quotation throws an error, the connection is disposed of with " { $link dispose } "." } ;
 
 HELP: make-connection
diff --git a/basis/io/pools/pools.factor b/basis/io/pools/pools.factor
index aa734e6809..2c1f8ea3c3 100644
--- a/basis/io/pools/pools.factor
+++ b/basis/io/pools/pools.factor
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ GENERIC: make-connection ( pool -- conn )
     [ nip call ] [ drop return-connection ] 3bi ; inline
 
 : with-pooled-connection ( pool quot -- )
-    >r [ acquire-connection ] keep r>
+    [ [ acquire-connection ] keep ] dip
     [ (with-pooled-connection) ] [ ] [ 2drop dispose ] cleanup ; inline
 
 M: return-connection dispose
diff --git a/basis/io/ports/ports.factor b/basis/io/ports/ports.factor
index 9fb9755d4b..0432fe4a39 100644
--- a/basis/io/ports/ports.factor
+++ b/basis/io/ports/ports.factor
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ M: input-port stream-read1
 
 M: input-port stream-read-partial ( max stream -- byte-array/f )
     dup check-disposed
-    >r 0 max >integer r> read-step ;
+    [ 0 max >integer ] dip read-step ;
 
 : read-loop ( count port accum -- )
     pick over length - dup 0 > [
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ M: input-port stream-read-partial ( max stream -- byte-array/f )
 
 M: input-port stream-read
     dup check-disposed
-    >r 0 max >fixnum r>
+    [ 0 max >fixnum ] dip
     2dup read-step dup [
         pick over length > [
             pick <byte-vector>
@@ -76,21 +76,21 @@ M: input-port stream-read
 
 : read-until-loop ( seps port buf -- separator/f )
     2over read-until-step over [
-        >r over push-all r> dup [
-            >r 3drop r>
+        [ over push-all ] dip dup [
+            [ 3drop ] dip
         ] [
             drop read-until-loop
         ] if
     ] [
-        >r 2drop 2drop r>
+        [ 2drop 2drop ] dip
     ] if ;
 
 M: input-port stream-read-until ( seps port -- str/f sep/f )
-    2dup read-until-step dup [ >r 2nip r> ] [
+    2dup read-until-step dup [ [ 2drop ] 2dip ] [
         over [
             drop
             BV{ } like [ read-until-loop ] keep B{ } like swap
-        ] [ >r 2nip r> ] if
+        ] [ [ 2drop ] 2dip ] if
     ] if ;
 
 TUPLE: output-port < buffered-port ;
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ M: output-port stream-write
         [ [ stream-write ] curry ] bi
         each
     ] [
-        [ >r length r> wait-to-write ]
+        [ [ length ] dip wait-to-write ]
         [ buffer>> >buffer ] 2bi
     ] if ;
 
@@ -153,6 +153,18 @@ M: port dispose*
         bi
     ] with-destructors ;
 
+GENERIC: underlying-port ( stream -- port )
+
+M: port underlying-port ;
+
+M: encoder underlying-port stream>> underlying-port ;
+
+M: decoder underlying-port stream>> underlying-port ;
+
+GENERIC: underlying-handle ( stream -- handle )
+
+M: object underlying-handle underlying-port handle>> ;
+
 ! Fast-path optimization
 USING: hints strings io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.ascii
 io.encodings.private ;
diff --git a/basis/io/servers/connection/connection-docs.factor b/basis/io/servers/connection/connection-docs.factor
index 00711ce226..67c7cb13dd 100644
--- a/basis/io/servers/connection/connection-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/servers/connection/connection-docs.factor
@@ -45,15 +45,20 @@ ARTICLE: "server-config-handler" "Client handler quotation"
 $nl
 "The two methods are equivalent, representing a functional versus an object-oriented approach to the problem." ;
 
+ARTICLE: "server-examples" "Threaded server examples"
+"The " { $vocab-link "time-server" } " vocabulary implements a simple threaded server which sends the current time to the client. The " { $vocab-link "concurrency.distributed" } ", " { $vocab-link "ftp.server" } ", and " { $vocab-link "http.server" } " vocabularies demonstrate more complex usage of the threaded server library." ;
+
 ARTICLE: "io.servers.connection" "Threaded servers"
 "The " { $vocab-link "io.servers.connection" } " vocabulary implements a generic server abstraction for " { $link "network-connection" } ". A set of threads listen for connections, and additional threads are spawned for each client connection. In addition to this basic functionality, it provides some advanced features such as logging, connection limits and secure socket support."
-{ $subsection threaded-server }
-{ $subsection "server-config" }
+{ $subsection "server-examples" }
 "Creating threaded servers with client handler quotations:"
 { $subsection <threaded-server> }
 "Client handlers can also be implemented by subclassing a threaded server; see " { $link "server-config-handler" } " for details:"
+{ $subsection threaded-server }
 { $subsection new-threaded-server }
 { $subsection handle-client* }
+"The server must be configured before it can be started." 
+{ $subsection "server-config" }
 "Starting the server:"
 { $subsection start-server }
 { $subsection start-server* }
@@ -61,11 +66,11 @@ ARTICLE: "io.servers.connection" "Threaded servers"
 "Stopping the server:"
 { $subsection stop-server }
 "From within the dynamic scope of a client handler, several words can be used to interact with the threaded server:"
-{ $subsection remote-address }
 { $subsection stop-this-server }
 { $subsection secure-port }
 { $subsection insecure-port }
-"Additionally, the " { $link local-address } " variable is set, as in " { $link with-client } "." ;
+"Additionally, the " { $link local-address } " and "
+{ $subsection remote-address } " variables are set, as in " { $link with-client } "." ;
 
 ABOUT: "io.servers.connection"
 
@@ -109,11 +114,11 @@ HELP: stop-this-server
 { $description "Stops the current threaded server, preventing it from accepting any more connections and returning to the caller of " { $link start-server } ". All client connections which have already been opened continue to be serviced." } ;
 
 HELP: secure-port
-{ $values { "n" "an " { $link integer } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "n" { $maybe integer } } }
 { $description "Outputs the port number on which the current threaded server accepts secure socket connections. Outputs " { $link f } " if the current threaded server does not accept secure socket connections." }
 { $notes "Can only be used from the dynamic scope of a " { $link handle-client* } " call." } ;
 
 HELP: insecure-port
-{ $values { "n" "an " { $link integer } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "n" { $maybe integer } } }
 { $description "Outputs the port number on which the current threaded server accepts ordinary socket connections. Outputs " { $link f } " if the current threaded server does not accept ordinary socket connections." }
 { $notes "Can only be used from the dynamic scope of a " { $link handle-client* } " call." } ;
diff --git a/basis/io/servers/connection/connection.factor b/basis/io/servers/connection/connection.factor
index 674ed8803c..6c7ff7e0f1 100644
--- a/basis/io/servers/connection/connection.factor
+++ b/basis/io/servers/connection/connection.factor
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ ready ;
 : <threaded-server> ( -- threaded-server )
     threaded-server new-threaded-server ;
 
-SYMBOL: remote-address
-
 GENERIC: handle-client* ( threaded-server -- )
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -114,19 +112,29 @@ M: threaded-server handle-client* handler>> call ;
         ] when*
     ] unless ;
 
+: (start-server) ( threaded-server -- )
+    init-server
+    dup threaded-server [
+        dup name>> [
+            [ listen-on [ start-accept-loop ] parallel-each ]
+            [ ready>> raise-flag ]
+            bi
+        ] with-logging
+    ] with-variable ;
+
 PRIVATE>
 
 : start-server ( threaded-server -- )
-    init-server
-    dup secure-config>> [
-        dup threaded-server [
-            dup name>> [
-                [ listen-on [ start-accept-loop ] parallel-each ]
-                [ ready>> raise-flag ]
-                bi
-            ] with-logging
-        ] with-variable
-    ] with-secure-context ;
+    #! Only create a secure-context if we want to listen on
+    #! a secure port, otherwise start-server won't work at
+    #! all if SSL is not available.
+    dup secure>> [
+        dup secure-config>> [
+            (start-server)
+        ] with-secure-context
+    ] [
+        (start-server)
+    ] if ;
 
 : wait-for-server ( threaded-server -- )
     ready>> wait-for-flag ;
diff --git a/basis/io/sockets/secure/openssl/openssl.factor b/basis/io/sockets/secure/openssl/openssl.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec45337fb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/sockets/secure/openssl/openssl.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, Slava Pestov, Elie CHAFTARI.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors byte-arrays kernel debugger sequences
+namespaces math math.order combinators init alien alien.c-types
+alien.strings libc continuations destructors debugger summary
+splitting assocs random math.parser locals unicode.case openssl
+openssl.libcrypto openssl.libssl io.backend io.ports io.files
+io.encodings.8-bit io.timeouts io.sockets.secure ;
+IN: io.sockets.secure.openssl
+
+GENERIC: ssl-method ( symbol -- method )
+
+M: SSLv2  ssl-method drop SSLv2_client_method ;
+M: SSLv23 ssl-method drop SSLv23_method ;
+M: SSLv3  ssl-method drop SSLv3_method ;
+M: TLSv1  ssl-method drop TLSv1_method ;
+
+TUPLE: openssl-context < secure-context aliens sessions ;
+
+: set-session-cache ( ctx -- )
+    handle>>
+    [ SSL_SESS_CACHE_BOTH SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode ssl-error ]
+    [ 32 random-bits >hex dup length SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context ssl-error ]
+    bi ;
+
+: load-certificate-chain ( ctx -- )
+    dup config>> key-file>> [
+        [ handle>> ] [ config>> key-file>> (normalize-path) ] bi
+        SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file
+        ssl-error
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+: password-callback ( -- alien )
+    "int" { "void*" "int" "bool" "void*" } "cdecl"
+    [| buf size rwflag password! |
+        password [ B{ 0 } password! ] unless
+
+        [let | len [ password strlen ] |
+            buf password len 1+ size min memcpy
+            len
+        ]
+    ] alien-callback ;
+
+: default-pasword ( ctx -- alien )
+    [ config>> password>> latin1 malloc-string ] [ aliens>> ] bi
+    [ push ] [ drop ] 2bi ;
+
+: set-default-password ( ctx -- )
+    [ handle>> password-callback SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb ]
+    [
+        [ handle>> ] [ default-pasword ] bi
+        SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata
+    ] bi ;
+
+: use-private-key-file ( ctx -- )
+    dup config>> key-file>> [
+        [ handle>> ] [ config>> key-file>> (normalize-path) ] bi
+        SSL_FILETYPE_PEM SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file
+        ssl-error
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+: load-verify-locations ( ctx -- )
+    dup config>> [ ca-file>> ] [ ca-path>> ] bi or [
+        [ handle>> ]
+        [
+            config>>
+            [ ca-file>> dup [ (normalize-path) ] when ]
+            [ ca-path>> dup [ (normalize-path) ] when ] bi
+        ] bi
+        SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations
+    ] [ handle>> SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths ] if ssl-error ;
+
+: set-verify-depth ( ctx -- )
+    dup config>> verify-depth>> [
+        [ handle>> ] [ config>> verify-depth>> ] bi
+        SSL_CTX_set_verify_depth
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+TUPLE: bio handle disposed ;
+
+: <bio> ( handle -- bio ) f bio boa ;
+
+M: bio dispose* handle>> BIO_free ssl-error ;
+
+: <file-bio> ( path -- bio )
+    normalize-path "r" BIO_new_file dup ssl-error <bio> ;
+
+: load-dh-params ( ctx -- )
+    dup config>> dh-file>> [
+        [ handle>> ] [ config>> dh-file>> ] bi <file-bio> &dispose
+        handle>> f f f PEM_read_bio_DHparams dup ssl-error
+        SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh ssl-error
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+TUPLE: rsa handle disposed ;
+
+: <rsa> ( handle -- rsa ) f rsa boa ;
+
+M: rsa dispose* handle>> RSA_free ;
+
+: generate-eph-rsa-key ( ctx -- )
+    [ handle>> ]
+    [
+        config>> ephemeral-key-bits>> RSA_F4 f f RSA_generate_key
+        dup ssl-error <rsa> &dispose handle>>
+    ] bi
+    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa ssl-error ;
+
+: <openssl-context> ( config ctx -- context )
+    openssl-context new
+        swap >>handle
+        swap >>config
+        V{ } clone >>aliens
+        H{ } clone >>sessions ;
+
+M: openssl <secure-context> ( config -- context )
+    maybe-init-ssl
+    [
+        dup method>> ssl-method SSL_CTX_new
+        dup ssl-error <openssl-context> |dispose
+        {
+            [ set-session-cache ]
+            [ load-certificate-chain ]
+            [ set-default-password ]
+            [ use-private-key-file ]
+            [ load-verify-locations ]
+            [ set-verify-depth ]
+            [ load-dh-params ]
+            [ generate-eph-rsa-key ]
+            [ ]
+        } cleave
+    ] with-destructors ;
+
+M: openssl-context dispose*
+    [ aliens>> [ free ] each ]
+    [ sessions>> values [ SSL_SESSION_free ] each ]
+    [ handle>> SSL_CTX_free ]
+    tri ;
+
+TUPLE: ssl-handle file handle connected disposed ;
+
+SYMBOL: default-secure-context
+
+: context-expired? ( context -- ? )
+    dup [ handle>> expired? ] [ drop t ] if ;
+
+: current-secure-context ( -- ctx )
+    secure-context get [
+        default-secure-context get dup context-expired? [
+            drop
+            <secure-config> <secure-context> default-secure-context set-global
+            current-secure-context
+        ] when
+    ] unless* ;
+
+: <ssl-handle> ( fd -- ssl )
+    current-secure-context handle>> SSL_new dup ssl-error
+    f f ssl-handle boa ;
+
+M: ssl-handle dispose*
+    [ handle>> SSL_free ] [ file>> dispose ] bi ;
+
+: check-verify-result ( ssl-handle -- )
+    SSL_get_verify_result dup X509_V_OK =
+    [ drop ] [ verify-message certificate-verify-error ] if ;
+
+: common-name ( certificate -- host )
+    X509_get_subject_name
+    NID_commonName 256 <byte-array>
+    [ 256 X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID ] keep
+    swap -1 = [ drop f ] [ latin1 alien>string ] if ;
+
+: common-names-match? ( expected actual -- ? )
+    [ >lower ] bi@ "*." ?head [ tail? ] [ = ] if ;
+
+: check-common-name ( host ssl-handle -- )
+    SSL_get_peer_certificate common-name
+    2dup common-names-match?
+    [ 2drop ] [ common-name-verify-error ] if ;
+
+M: openssl check-certificate ( host ssl -- )
+    current-secure-context config>> verify>> [
+        handle>>
+        [ nip check-verify-result ]
+        [ check-common-name ]
+        2bi
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+
+: get-session ( addrspec -- session/f )
+    current-secure-context sessions>> at
+    dup expired? [ drop f ] when ;
+
+: save-session ( session addrspec -- )
+    current-secure-context sessions>> set-at ;
+
+openssl secure-socket-backend set-global
diff --git a/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure-docs.factor b/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure-docs.factor
index 632af969ca..01f64dfccf 100644
--- a/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+USING: io help.markup help.syntax calendar quotations io.sockets ;
 IN: io.sockets.secure
-USING: help.markup help.syntax calendar quotations io.sockets ;
 
 HELP: secure-socket-timeout
 { $var-description "Timeout for operations not associated with a constructed port instance, such as SSL handshake and shutdown. Represented as a " { $link duration } "." } ;
@@ -99,6 +99,23 @@ $nl
 { $subsection <secure> }
 "Instances of this class can wrap an " { $link inet } ", " { $link inet4 } " or an " { $link inet6 } ", although note that certificate validation is only performed for instances of " { $link inet } " since otherwise the host name is not available." ;
 
+HELP: send-secure-handshake
+{ $contract "Upgrades the socket connection of the current " { $link with-client } " scope to a secure connection and initiates a SSL/TLS handshake." }
+{ $errors "Throws " { $link upgrade-on-non-socket } " or " { $link upgrade-buffers-full } " if used improperly." }
+{ $examples "This word is used by the " { $vocab-link "smtp" } " library to implement SMTP-TLS." } ;
+
+HELP: accept-secure-handshake
+{ $contract "Upgrades the socket connection stored in the " { $link input-stream } " and " { $link output-stream } " variables to a secure connection and waits for an SSL/TLS handshake." }
+{ $errors "Throws " { $link upgrade-on-non-socket } " or " { $link upgrade-buffers-full } " if used improperly." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "ssl-upgrade" "Upgrading existing connections"
+"Some protocols, such as HTTPS, require that the connection be established as an SSL/TLS connection. Others, such as secure SMTP and POP3 require that the client and server initiate an SSL/TLS handshake upon the client sending a plain-text request. The latter use-case is accomodated by a pair of words."
+$nl
+"Upgrading a connection to a secure socket by initiating an SSL/TLS handshake with the server:"
+{ $subsection send-secure-handshake }
+"Upgrading a connection to a secure socket by waiting for an SSL/TLS handshake from the client:"
+{ $subsection accept-secure-handshake } ;
+
 HELP: premature-close
 { $error-description "Thrown if an SSL connection is closed without the proper " { $snippet "close_notify" } " sequence. This error is never reported for " { $link SSLv2 } " connections because there is no distinction between expected and unexpected connection closure in that case." } ;
 
@@ -106,20 +123,34 @@ HELP: certificate-verify-error
 { $error-description "Thrown if certificate verification failed. The " { $snippet "result" } " slot contains an object identifying the low-level error that occurred." } ;
 
 HELP: common-name-verify-error
-{ $error-description "Thrown during certificate verification if the host name on the certificate does not match the host name the socket was connected to. This indicates a potential man-in-the-middle attack. The " { $snippet "expected" } " and " { $snippet "got" } " slots contain the mismatched host names." } ;
+{ $error-description "Thrown during certificate verification if the host name on the certificate does not match the host name the socket was connected to. This indicates a potential man-in-the-middle attack. The " { $slot "expected" } " and " { $slot "got" } " slots contain the mismatched host names." } ;
+
+HELP: upgrade-on-non-socket
+{ $error-description "Thrown if " { $link send-secure-handshake } " or " { $link accept-secure-handshake } " is called with the " { $link input-stream } " and " { $link output-stream } " variables not set to a socket. This error can also indicate that the connection has already been upgraded to a secure connection." } ;
+
+HELP: upgrade-buffers-full
+{ $error-description "Thrown if " { $link send-secure-handshake } " or " { $link accept-secure-handshake } " is called when there is still data which hasn't been read or written." }
+{ $notes "Clients should ensure to " { $link flush } " their last command to the server before calling " { $link send-secure-handshake } "." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ssl-errors" "Secure socket errors"
 "Secure sockets can throw one of several errors in addition to the usual I/O errors:"
 { $subsection premature-close }
 { $subsection certificate-verify-error }
-{ $subsection common-name-verify-error } ;
+{ $subsection common-name-verify-error }
+"The " { $link send-secure-handshake } " word can throw one of two errors:"
+{ $subsection upgrade-on-non-socket }
+{ $subsection upgrade-buffers-full } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "io.sockets.secure" "Secure sockets (SSL, TLS)"
 "The " { $vocab-link "io.sockets.secure" } " vocabulary implements secure, encrypted sockets using the OpenSSL library."
+$nl
+"At present, this vocabulary only works on Unix, and not on Windows."
+$nl
+"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (" { $url "http://www.openssl.org/" } "), cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)."
 { $subsection "ssl-config" }
 { $subsection "ssl-contexts" }
 { $subsection "ssl-addresses" }
-{ $subsection "ssl-errors" }
-"This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (" { $url "http://www.openssl.org/" } "), cryptographic software written by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com) and software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)." ;
+{ $subsection "ssl-upgrade" }
+{ $subsection "ssl-errors" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "io.sockets.secure"
diff --git a/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure.factor b/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure.factor
index 42ca727653..e752e7c328 100644
--- a/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure.factor
+++ b/basis/io/sockets/secure/secure.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors kernel symbols namespaces continuations
-destructors io.sockets sequences summary calendar delegate
-system vocabs.loader combinators present ;
+destructors io debugger io.sockets sequences summary calendar
+delegate system vocabs.loader combinators present ;
 IN: io.sockets.secure
 
 SYMBOL: secure-socket-timeout
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ M: secure resolve-host ( secure -- seq )
 
 HOOK: check-certificate secure-socket-backend ( host handle -- )
 
-<PRIVATE
-
 PREDICATE: secure-inet < secure addrspec>> inet? ;
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 M: secure-inet (client)
     [
         [ resolve-host (client) [ |dispose ] dip ] keep
@@ -79,6 +79,23 @@ ERROR: common-name-verify-error expected got ;
 M: common-name-verify-error summary
     drop "Common name verification failed" ;
 
+ERROR: upgrade-on-non-socket ;
+
+M: upgrade-on-non-socket summary
+    drop
+    "send-secure-handshake can only be used if input-stream and" print
+    "output-stream are a socket" ;
+
+ERROR: upgrade-buffers-full ;
+
+M: upgrade-buffers-full summary
+    drop
+    "send-secure-handshake can only be used if buffers are empty" ;
+
+HOOK: send-secure-handshake secure-socket-backend ( -- )
+
+HOOK: accept-secure-handshake secure-socket-backend ( -- )
+
 {
     { [ os unix? ] [ "io.unix.sockets.secure" require ] }
     { [ os windows? ] [ "openssl" require ] }
diff --git a/basis/io/sockets/sockets-docs.factor b/basis/io/sockets/sockets-docs.factor
index 3454f3384e..cfc33a02f6 100644
--- a/basis/io/sockets/sockets-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/sockets/sockets-docs.factor
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ ARTICLE: "network-streams" "Networking"
 { $subsection "network-addressing" }
 { $subsection "network-connection" }
 { $subsection "network-packet" }
-{ $subsection "io.sockets.secure" }
+{ $vocab-subsection "Secure sockets (SSL, TLS)" "io.sockets.secure" }
 { $see-also "io.pipes" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "network-streams"
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ HELP: <client>
 
 HELP: with-client
 { $values { "remote" "an address specifier" } { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" } { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Opens a network connection and calls the quotation in a new dynamic scope with " { $link input-stream } " and " { $link output-stream } " rebound to the network streams. The local address the socket is bound to is stored in the " { $link local-address } " variable." }
+{ $description "Opens a network connection and calls the quotation in a new dynamic scope with " { $link input-stream } " and " { $link output-stream } " rebound to the network streams. The local address the socket is connected to is stored in the " { $link local-address } " variable, and the remote address is stored in the " { $link remote-address } " variable." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the connection cannot be established." } ;
 
 HELP: <server>
diff --git a/basis/io/sockets/sockets.factor b/basis/io/sockets/sockets.factor
index c704382dd4..ce7c4f6ddd 100644
--- a/basis/io/sockets/sockets.factor
+++ b/basis/io/sockets/sockets.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ sequences arrays io.encodings io.ports io.streams.duplex
 io.encodings.ascii alien.strings io.binary accessors destructors
 classes debugger byte-arrays system combinators parser
 alien.c-types math.parser splitting grouping math assocs summary
-system vocabs.loader combinators present ;
+system vocabs.loader combinators present fry ;
 IN: io.sockets
 
 << {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ M: inet4 make-sockaddr ( inet -- sockaddr )
     rot inet-pton *uint over set-sockaddr-in-addr ;
 
 M: inet4 parse-sockaddr
-    >r dup sockaddr-in-addr <uint> r> inet-ntop
+    [ dup sockaddr-in-addr <uint> ] dip inet-ntop
     swap sockaddr-in-port ntohs <inet4> ;
 
 TUPLE: inet6 < abstract-inet ;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ M: inet6 make-sockaddr ( inet -- sockaddr )
     rot inet-pton over set-sockaddr-in6-addr ;
 
 M: inet6 parse-sockaddr
-    >r dup sockaddr-in6-addr r> inet-ntop
+    [ dup sockaddr-in6-addr ] dip inet-ntop
     swap sockaddr-in6-port ntohs <inet6> ;
 
 : addrspec-of-family ( af -- addrspec )
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ M: object (client) ( remote -- client-in client-out local )
     [
         [ ((client)) ] keep
         [
-            >r <ports> [ |dispose ] bi@ dup r>
+            [ <ports> [ |dispose ] bi@ dup ] dip
             establish-connection
         ]
         [ get-local-address ]
@@ -192,13 +192,19 @@ M: object (client) ( remote -- client-in client-out local )
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <client> ( remote encoding -- stream local )
-    >r (client) -rot r> <encoder-duplex> swap ;
+    [ (client) -rot ] dip <encoder-duplex> swap ;
 
 SYMBOL: local-address
 
+SYMBOL: remote-address
+
 : with-client ( remote encoding quot -- )
-    >r <client> [ local-address set ] curry
-    r> compose with-stream ; inline
+    [
+        [
+            over remote-address set
+            <client> local-address set
+        ] dip with-stream
+    ] with-scope ; inline
 
 TUPLE: server-port < port addr encoding ;
 
@@ -209,10 +215,11 @@ TUPLE: server-port < port addr encoding ;
 GENERIC: (server) ( addrspec -- handle )
 
 : <server> ( addrspec encoding -- server )
-    >r
-    [ (server) ] keep
-    [ drop server-port <port> ] [ get-local-address ] 2bi
-    >>addr r> >>encoding ;
+    [
+        [ (server) ] keep
+        [ drop server-port <port> ] [ get-local-address ] 2bi
+        >>addr
+    ] dip >>encoding ;
 
 GENERIC: (accept) ( server addrspec -- handle sockaddr )
 
@@ -281,7 +288,7 @@ C: <inet> inet
     IPPROTO_TCP over set-addrinfo-protocol ;
 
 : fill-in-ports ( addrspecs port -- addrspecs )
-    [ >>port ] curry map ;
+    '[ _ >>port ] map ;
 
 M: inet resolve-host
     [ port>> ] [ host>> ] bi [
diff --git a/basis/io/streams/duplex/duplex.factor b/basis/io/streams/duplex/duplex.factor
index 6f3be15016..9bf637432f 100644
--- a/basis/io/streams/duplex/duplex.factor
+++ b/basis/io/streams/duplex/duplex.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel continuations destructors io io.encodings
-io.encodings.private io.timeouts debugger summary listener
-accessors delegate delegate.protocols ;
+io.encodings.private io.timeouts io.ports debugger summary
+listener accessors delegate delegate.protocols ;
 IN: io.streams.duplex
 
 TUPLE: duplex-stream in out ;
@@ -27,10 +27,18 @@ M: duplex-stream dispose
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : <encoder-duplex> ( stream-in stream-out encoding -- duplex )
-    tuck re-encode >r re-decode r> <duplex-stream> ;
+    tuck [ re-decode ] [ re-encode ] 2bi* <duplex-stream> ;
 
 : with-stream* ( stream quot -- )
-    >r [ in>> ] [ out>> ] bi r> with-streams* ; inline
+    [ [ in>> ] [ out>> ] bi ] dip with-streams* ; inline
 
 : with-stream ( stream quot -- )
-    >r [ in>> ] [ out>> ] bi r> with-streams ; inline
+    [ [ in>> ] [ out>> ] bi ] dip with-streams ; inline
+
+ERROR: invalid-duplex-stream ;
+
+M: duplex-stream underlying-handle
+    [ in>> underlying-handle ]
+    [ out>> underlying-handle ] bi
+    [ = [ invalid-duplex-stream ] when ] keep ;
+
diff --git a/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts-docs.factor b/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts-docs.factor
index b2927af362..5d72bde0f5 100644
--- a/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts-docs.factor
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ IN: io.timeouts
 USING: help.markup help.syntax math kernel calendar ;
 
 HELP: timeout
-{ $values { "obj" object } { "dt/f" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "dt/f" { $maybe duration } } }
 { $contract "Outputs an object's timeout." } ;
 
 HELP: set-timeout
-{ $values { "dt/f" "a " { $link duration } " or " { $link f } } { "obj" object } }
+{ $values { "dt/f" { $maybe duration } } { "obj" object } }
 { $contract "Sets an object's timeout." } ;
 
 HELP: cancel-operation
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ HELP: cancel-operation
 { $contract "Handles a timeout, usually by waking up all threads waiting on the object." } ;
 
 HELP: with-timeout
-{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the object. If the object's timeout expires before the quotation returns, " { $link cancel-operation } " is called on the object." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "io.timeouts" "I/O timeout protocol"
diff --git a/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts.factor b/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts.factor
index 029cf6cac0..fd1b14de19 100644
--- a/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts.factor
+++ b/basis/io/timeouts/timeouts.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov, Doug Coleman
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel calendar alarms io io.encodings accessors
-namespaces ;
+namespaces fry ;
 IN: io.timeouts
 
 GENERIC: timeout ( obj -- dt/f )
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ M: encoder set-timeout stream>> set-timeout ;
 GENERIC: cancel-operation ( obj -- )
 
 : queue-timeout ( obj timeout -- alarm )
-    >r [ cancel-operation ] curry r> later ;
+    [ '[ _ cancel-operation ] ] dip later ;
 
 : with-timeout* ( obj timeout quot -- )
-    3dup drop queue-timeout >r nip call r> cancel-alarm ;
+    3dup drop queue-timeout [ nip call ] dip cancel-alarm ;
     inline
 
 : with-timeout ( obj quot -- )
-    over timeout [ >r dup timeout r> with-timeout* ] [ call ] if ;
+    over timeout [ [ dup timeout ] dip with-timeout* ] [ call ] if ;
     inline
 
 : timeouts ( dt -- )
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/backend/backend.factor b/basis/io/unix/backend/backend.factor
index 5bb0b82555..85363c8404 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/backend/backend.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ math io.ports sequences strings sbufs threads unix
 vectors io.buffers io.backend io.encodings math.parser
 continuations system libc qualified namespaces make io.timeouts
 io.encodings.utf8 destructors accessors summary combinators
-locals unix.time ;
+locals unix.time fry ;
 QUALIFIED: io
 IN: io.unix.backend
 
@@ -88,19 +88,16 @@ M: io-timeout summary drop "I/O operation timed out" ;
 
 : wait-for-fd ( handle event -- )
     dup +retry+ eq? [ 2drop ] [
-        [
-            >r
-            swap handle-fd
-            mx get-global
-            r> {
+        '[
+            swap handle-fd mx get-global _ {
                 { +input+ [ add-input-callback ] }
                 { +output+ [ add-output-callback ] }
             } case
-        ] curry "I/O" suspend nip [ io-timeout ] when
+        ] "I/O" suspend nip [ io-timeout ] when
     ] if ;
 
 : wait-for-port ( port event -- )
-    [ >r handle>> r> wait-for-fd ] curry with-timeout ;
+    '[ handle>> _ wait-for-fd ] with-timeout ;
 
 ! Some general stuff
 : file-mode OCT: 0666 ;
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/files.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/files.factor
index 9ebfdaaa5a..1fc5fe9226 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/files/files.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/files.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ math.bitwise byte-arrays alien combinators calendar
 io.encodings.binary accessors sequences strings system
 io.files.private destructors vocabs.loader calendar.unix
 unix.stat alien.c-types arrays unix.users unix.groups
-environment fry io.encodings.utf8 alien.strings unix.statfs ;
+environment fry io.encodings.utf8 alien.strings
+combinators.short-circuit ;
 IN: io.unix.files
 
 M: unix cwd ( -- path )
@@ -75,15 +76,65 @@ M: unix copy-file ( from to -- )
     [ swap file-info permissions>> chmod io-error ]
     2bi ;
 
-HOOK: stat>file-info os ( stat -- file-info )
+TUPLE: unix-file-system-info < file-system-info
+block-size preferred-block-size
+blocks blocks-free blocks-available
+files files-free files-available
+name-max flags id ;
 
-HOOK: stat>type os ( stat -- file-info )
+HOOK: new-file-system-info os ( --  file-system-info )
 
-HOOK: new-file-info os ( -- class )
+M: unix new-file-system-info ( -- ) unix-file-system-info new ;
+
+HOOK: file-system-statfs os ( path -- statfs )
+
+M: unix file-system-statfs drop f ;
+
+HOOK: file-system-statvfs os ( path -- statvfs )
+
+M: unix file-system-statvfs drop f ;
+
+HOOK: statfs>file-system-info os ( file-system-info statfs -- file-system-info' )
+
+M: unix statfs>file-system-info drop ;
+
+HOOK: statvfs>file-system-info os ( file-system-info statvfs -- file-system-info' )
+
+M: unix statvfs>file-system-info drop ;
+
+: file-system-calculations ( file-system-info -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ dup [ blocks-available>> ] [ block-size>> ] bi * >>available-space drop ]
+        [ dup [ blocks-free>> ] [ block-size>> ] bi * >>free-space drop ]
+        [ dup [ blocks>> ] [ block-size>> ] bi * >>total-space drop ]
+        [ dup [ total-space>> ] [ free-space>> ] bi - >>used-space drop ]
+        [ ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: unix file-system-info
+    normalize-path
+    [ new-file-system-info ] dip
+    [ file-system-statfs statfs>file-system-info ]
+    [ file-system-statvfs statvfs>file-system-info ] bi
+    file-system-calculations ;
+
+os {
+    { linux   [ "io.unix.files.linux"   require ] }
+    { macosx  [ "io.unix.files.macosx"  require ] }
+    { freebsd [ "io.unix.files.freebsd" require ] }
+    { netbsd  [ "io.unix.files.netbsd"  require ] }
+    { openbsd [ "io.unix.files.openbsd" require ] }
+} case
 
 TUPLE: unix-file-info < file-info uid gid dev ino
 nlink rdev blocks blocksize ;
 
+HOOK: new-file-info os ( -- file-info )
+
+HOOK: stat>file-info os ( stat -- file-info )
+
+HOOK: stat>type os ( stat -- file-info )
+
 M: unix file-info ( path -- info )
     normalize-path file-status stat>file-info ;
 
@@ -117,8 +168,8 @@ M: unix stat>file-info ( stat -- file-info )
         [ stat-st_blksize >>blocksize ]
     } cleave ;
 
-M: unix stat>type ( stat -- type )
-    stat-st_mode S_IFMT bitand {
+: n>file-type ( n -- type )
+    S_IFMT bitand {
         { S_IFREG [ +regular-file+ ] }
         { S_IFDIR [ +directory+ ] }
         { S_IFCHR [ +character-device+ ] }
@@ -129,6 +180,9 @@ M: unix stat>type ( stat -- type )
         [ drop +unknown+ ]
     } case ;
 
+M: unix stat>type ( stat -- type )
+    stat-st_mode n>file-type ;
+
 ! Linux has no extra fields in its stat struct
 os {
     { macosx  [ "io.unix.files.bsd" require ] }
@@ -150,7 +204,7 @@ os {
 
 M: unix >directory-entry ( byte-array -- directory-entry )
     [ dirent-d_name utf8 alien>string ]
-    [ dirent-d_type ] bi directory-entry boa ;
+    [ dirent-d_type dirent-type>file-type ] bi directory-entry boa ;
 
 M: unix (directory-entries) ( path -- seq )
     [
@@ -163,94 +217,92 @@ M: unix (directory-entries) ( path -- seq )
 
 : stat-mode ( path -- mode )
     normalize-path file-status stat-st_mode ;
-    
-: chmod-set-bit ( path mask ? -- ) 
-    [ dup stat-mode ] 2dip 
+
+: chmod-set-bit ( path mask ? -- )
+    [ dup stat-mode ] 2dip
     [ bitor ] [ unmask ] if chmod io-error ;
 
-: file-mode? ( path mask -- ? ) [ stat-mode ] dip mask? ;
+GENERIC# file-mode? 1 ( obj mask -- ? )
+
+M: integer file-mode? mask? ;
+M: string file-mode? [ stat-mode ] dip mask? ;
+M: file-info file-mode? [ permissions>> ] dip mask? ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
+: ch>file-type ( ch -- type )
+    {
+        { CHAR: b [ +block-device+ ] }
+        { CHAR: c [ +character-device+ ] }
+        { CHAR: d [ +directory+ ] }
+        { CHAR: l [ +symbolic-link+ ] }
+        { CHAR: s [ +socket+ ] }
+        { CHAR: p [ +fifo+ ] }
+        { CHAR: - [ +regular-file+ ] }
+        [ drop +unknown+ ]
+    } case ;
+
+: file-type>ch ( type -- string )
+    {
+        { +block-device+ [ CHAR: b ] }
+        { +character-device+ [ CHAR: c ] }
+        { +directory+ [ CHAR: d ] }
+        { +symbolic-link+ [ CHAR: l ] }
+        { +socket+ [ CHAR: s ] }
+        { +fifo+ [ CHAR: p ] }
+        { +regular-file+ [ CHAR: - ] }
+        [ drop CHAR: - ]
+    } case ;
+
 : UID           OCT: 0004000 ; inline
 : GID           OCT: 0002000 ; inline
 : STICKY        OCT: 0001000 ; inline
 : USER-ALL      OCT: 0000700 ; inline
 : USER-READ     OCT: 0000400 ; inline
-: USER-WRITE    OCT: 0000200 ; inline 
-: USER-EXECUTE  OCT: 0000100 ; inline   
+: USER-WRITE    OCT: 0000200 ; inline
+: USER-EXECUTE  OCT: 0000100 ; inline
 : GROUP-ALL     OCT: 0000070 ; inline
-: GROUP-READ    OCT: 0000040 ; inline 
-: GROUP-WRITE   OCT: 0000020 ; inline  
-: GROUP-EXECUTE OCT: 0000010 ; inline    
+: GROUP-READ    OCT: 0000040 ; inline
+: GROUP-WRITE   OCT: 0000020 ; inline
+: GROUP-EXECUTE OCT: 0000010 ; inline
 : OTHER-ALL     OCT: 0000007 ; inline
 : OTHER-READ    OCT: 0000004 ; inline
-: OTHER-WRITE   OCT: 0000002 ; inline  
-: OTHER-EXECUTE OCT: 0000001 ; inline    
+: OTHER-WRITE   OCT: 0000002 ; inline
+: OTHER-EXECUTE OCT: 0000001 ; inline
 
-GENERIC: uid? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: gid? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: sticky? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: user-read? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: user-write? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: user-execute? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: group-read? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: group-write? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: group-execute? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: other-read? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: other-write? ( obj -- ? )
-GENERIC: other-execute? ( obj -- ? )
+: uid? ( obj -- ? ) UID file-mode? ;
+: gid? ( obj -- ? ) GID file-mode? ;
+: sticky? ( obj -- ? ) STICKY file-mode? ;
+: user-read? ( obj -- ? ) USER-READ file-mode? ;
+: user-write? ( obj -- ? ) USER-WRITE file-mode? ;
+: user-execute? ( obj -- ? ) USER-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
+: group-read? ( obj -- ? ) GROUP-READ file-mode? ;
+: group-write? ( obj -- ? ) GROUP-WRITE file-mode? ;
+: group-execute? ( obj -- ? ) GROUP-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
+: other-read? ( obj -- ? ) OTHER-READ file-mode? ;
+: other-write? ( obj -- ? ) OTHER-WRITE file-mode? ;
+: other-execute? ( obj -- ? ) OTHER-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
 
-M: integer uid? ( integer -- ? ) UID mask? ;
-M: integer gid? ( integer -- ? ) GID mask? ;
-M: integer sticky? ( integer -- ? ) STICKY mask? ;
-M: integer user-read? ( integer -- ? ) USER-READ mask? ;
-M: integer user-write? ( integer -- ? ) USER-WRITE mask? ;
-M: integer user-execute? ( integer -- ? ) USER-EXECUTE mask? ;
-M: integer group-read? ( integer -- ? ) GROUP-READ mask? ;
-M: integer group-write? ( integer -- ? ) GROUP-WRITE mask? ;
-M: integer group-execute? ( integer -- ? ) GROUP-EXECUTE mask? ;
-M: integer other-read? ( integer -- ? ) OTHER-READ mask? ;
-M: integer other-write? ( integer -- ? ) OTHER-WRITE mask? ; 
-M: integer other-execute? ( integer -- ? ) OTHER-EXECUTE mask? ;
+: any-read? ( obj -- ? )
+    { [ user-read? ] [ group-read? ] [ other-read? ] } 1|| ;
 
-M: file-info uid? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> uid? ;
-M: file-info gid? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> gid? ;
-M: file-info sticky? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> sticky? ;
-M: file-info user-read? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> user-read? ;
-M: file-info user-write? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> user-write? ;
-M: file-info user-execute? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> user-execute? ;
-M: file-info group-read? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> group-read? ;
-M: file-info group-write? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> group-write? ;
-M: file-info group-execute? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> group-execute? ;
-M: file-info other-read? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> other-read? ;
-M: file-info other-write? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> other-write? ;
-M: file-info other-execute? ( file-info -- ? ) permissions>> other-execute? ;
+: any-write? ( obj -- ? )
+    { [ user-write? ] [ group-write? ] [ other-write? ] } 1|| ;
 
-M: string uid? ( path -- ? ) UID file-mode? ;
-M: string gid? ( path -- ? ) GID file-mode? ;
-M: string sticky? ( path -- ? ) STICKY file-mode? ;
-M: string user-read? ( path -- ? ) USER-READ file-mode? ;
-M: string user-write? ( path -- ? ) USER-WRITE file-mode? ;
-M: string user-execute? ( path -- ? ) USER-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
-M: string group-read? ( path -- ? ) GROUP-READ file-mode? ;
-M: string group-write? ( path -- ? ) GROUP-WRITE file-mode? ;
-M: string group-execute? ( path -- ? ) GROUP-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
-M: string other-read? ( path -- ? ) OTHER-READ file-mode? ;
-M: string other-write? ( path -- ? ) OTHER-WRITE file-mode? ; 
-M: string other-execute? ( path -- ? ) OTHER-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
+: any-execute? ( obj -- ? )
+    { [ user-execute? ] [ group-execute? ] [ other-execute? ] } 1|| ;
 
 : set-uid ( path ? -- ) UID swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-gid ( path ? -- ) GID swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-sticky ( path ? -- ) STICKY swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-user-read ( path ? -- ) USER-READ swap chmod-set-bit ;
-: set-user-write ( path ? -- ) USER-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ; 
+: set-user-write ( path ? -- ) USER-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-user-execute ( path ? -- ) USER-EXECUTE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-group-read ( path ? -- ) GROUP-READ swap chmod-set-bit ;
-: set-group-write ( path ? -- ) GROUP-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ; 
+: set-group-write ( path ? -- ) GROUP-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-group-execute ( path ? -- ) GROUP-EXECUTE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-other-read ( path ? -- ) OTHER-READ swap chmod-set-bit ;
-: set-other-write ( path ? -- ) OTHER-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ; 
+: set-other-write ( path ? -- ) OTHER-WRITE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 : set-other-execute ( path ? -- ) OTHER-EXECUTE swap chmod-set-bit ;
 
 : set-file-permissions ( path n -- )
@@ -262,11 +314,10 @@ M: string other-execute? ( path -- ? ) OTHER-EXECUTE file-mode? ;
 <PRIVATE
 
 : make-timeval-array ( array -- byte-array )
-    [ length "timeval" <c-array> ] keep
-    dup length [ over [ pick set-timeval-nth ] [ 2drop ] if ] 2each ;
+    [ [ "timeval" <c-object> ] unless* ] map concat ;
 
 : timestamp>timeval ( timestamp -- timeval )
-    unix-1970 time- duration>milliseconds make-timeval ;
+    unix-1970 time- duration>microseconds make-timeval ;
 
 : timestamps>byte-array ( timestamps -- byte-array )
     [ dup [ timestamp>timeval ] when ] map make-timeval-array ;
@@ -297,10 +348,10 @@ M: integer set-file-user ( path uid -- )
 
 M: string set-file-user ( path string -- )
     user-id f set-file-ids ;
-    
+
 M: integer set-file-group ( path gid -- )
     f swap set-file-ids ;
-    
+
 M: string set-file-group ( path string -- )
     group-id
     f swap set-file-ids ;
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/freebsd/freebsd.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/freebsd/freebsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3786a82b55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/freebsd/freebsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors alien.c-types alien.syntax combinators
+io.backend io.files io.unix.files kernel math system unix
+unix.statfs.freebsd unix.statvfs.freebsd unix.getfsstat.freebsd
+sequences grouping alien.strings io.encodings.utf8 ;
+IN: io.unix.files.freebsd
+
+TUPLE: freebsd-file-system-info < unix-file-system-info
+version io-size owner syncreads syncwrites asyncreads asyncwrites ;
+
+M: freebsd new-file-system-info freebsd-file-system-info new ;
+
+M: freebsd file-system-statfs ( path -- byte-array )
+    "statfs" <c-object> tuck statfs io-error ;
+
+M: freebsd statfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info statvfs -- file-system-info )
+    {
+        [ statfs-f_version >>version ]
+        [ statfs-f_type >>type ]
+        [ statfs-f_flags >>flags ]
+        [ statfs-f_bsize >>block-size ]
+        [ statfs-f_iosize >>io-size ]
+        [ statfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
+        [ statfs-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
+        [ statfs-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
+        [ statfs-f_files >>files ]
+        [ statfs-f_ffree >>files-free ]
+        [ statfs-f_syncwrites >>syncwrites ]
+        [ statfs-f_asyncwrites >>asyncwrites ]
+        [ statfs-f_syncreads >>syncreads ]
+        [ statfs-f_asyncreads >>asyncreads ]
+        [ statfs-f_namemax >>name-max ]
+        [ statfs-f_owner >>owner ]
+        [ statfs-f_fsid >>id ]
+        [ statfs-f_fstypename utf8 alien>string >>type ]
+        [ statfs-f_mntfromname utf8 alien>string >>device-name ]
+        [ statfs-f_mntonname utf8 alien>string >>mount-point ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: freebsd file-system-statvfs ( path -- byte-array )
+    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error ;
+
+M: freebsd statvfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info statvfs -- file-system-info )
+    {
+        [ statvfs-f_favail >>files-available ]
+        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>preferred-block-size ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: freebsd file-systems ( -- array )
+    f 0 0 getfsstat dup io-error
+    "statfs" <c-array> dup dup length 0 getfsstat io-error
+    "statfs" heap-size group
+    [ statfs-f_mntonname alien>native-string file-system-info ] map ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/tags.txt b/basis/io/unix/files/freebsd/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/tags.txt
rename to basis/io/unix/files/freebsd/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/linux/linux.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/linux/linux.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e4e1c043a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/linux/linux.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors alien.c-types alien.syntax combinators csv
+io.backend io.encodings.utf8 io.files io.streams.string
+io.unix.files kernel math.order namespaces sequences sorting
+system unix unix.statfs.linux unix.statvfs.linux ;
+IN: io.unix.files.linux
+
+TUPLE: linux-file-system-info < unix-file-system-info
+namelen ;
+
+M: linux new-file-system-info linux-file-system-info new ;
+
+M: linux file-system-statfs ( path -- byte-array )
+    "statfs64" <c-object> tuck statfs64 io-error ;
+
+M: linux statfs>file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
+    {
+        [ statfs64-f_type >>type ]
+        [ statfs64-f_bsize >>block-size ]
+        [ statfs64-f_blocks >>blocks ]
+        [ statfs64-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
+        [ statfs64-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
+        [ statfs64-f_files >>files ]
+        [ statfs64-f_ffree >>files-free ]
+        [ statfs64-f_fsid >>id ]
+        [ statfs64-f_namelen >>namelen ]
+        [ statfs64-f_frsize >>preferred-block-size ]
+        ! [ statfs64-f_spare >>spare ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: linux file-system-statvfs ( path -- byte-array )
+    "statvfs64" <c-object> tuck statvfs64 io-error ;
+
+M: linux statvfs>file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
+    {
+        [ statvfs64-f_flag >>flags ]
+        [ statvfs64-f_namemax >>name-max ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+TUPLE: mtab-entry file-system-name mount-point type options
+frequency pass-number ;
+
+: mtab-csv>mtab-entry ( csv -- mtab-entry )
+    [ mtab-entry new ] dip
+    {
+        [ first >>file-system-name ]
+        [ second >>mount-point ]
+        [ third >>type ]
+        [ fourth <string-reader> csv first >>options ]
+        [ 4 swap nth >>frequency ]
+        [ 5 swap nth >>pass-number ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+: parse-mtab ( -- array )
+    [
+        "/etc/mtab" utf8 <file-reader>
+        CHAR: \s delimiter set csv
+    ] with-scope
+    [ mtab-csv>mtab-entry ] map ;
+
+M: linux file-systems
+    parse-mtab [
+        [ mount-point>> file-system-info ] keep
+        {
+            [ file-system-name>> >>device-name ]
+            [ mount-point>> >>mount-point ]
+            [ type>> >>type ]
+        } cleave
+    ] map ;
+
+ERROR: file-system-not-found ;
+
+M: linux file-system-info ( path -- )
+    normalize-path
+    [
+        [ new-file-system-info ] dip
+        [ file-system-statfs statfs>file-system-info ]
+        [ file-system-statvfs statvfs>file-system-info ] bi
+        file-system-calculations
+    ] keep
+    
+    parse-mtab [ [ mount-point>> ] bi@ <=> invert-comparison ] sort
+    [ mount-point>> head? ] with find nip [ file-system-not-found ] unless*
+    {
+        [ file-system-name>> >>device-name drop ]
+        [ mount-point>> >>mount-point drop ]
+        [ type>> >>type ]
+    } 2cleave ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/tags.txt b/basis/io/unix/files/linux/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/tags.txt
rename to basis/io/unix/files/linux/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/macosx/macosx.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/macosx/macosx.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b128143d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors alien.c-types alien.strings combinators
+grouping io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel math sequences
+system unix io.unix.files
+unix.statfs.macosx unix.statvfs.macosx unix.getfsstat.macosx ;
+IN: io.unix.files.macosx
+
+TUPLE: macosx-file-system-info < unix-file-system-info
+io-size owner type-id filesystem-subtype ;
+
+M: macosx file-systems ( -- array )
+    f <void*> dup 0 getmntinfo64 dup io-error
+    [ *void* ] dip
+    "statfs64" heap-size [ * memory>byte-array ] keep group
+    [ [ new-file-system-info ] dip statfs>file-system-info ] map ;
+
+M: macosx new-file-system-info macosx-file-system-info new ;
+
+M: macosx file-system-statfs ( normalized-path -- statfs )
+    "statfs64" <c-object> tuck statfs64 io-error ;
+
+M: macosx file-system-statvfs ( normalized-path -- statvfs )
+    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error ;
+
+M: macosx statfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info byte-array -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ statfs64-f_bsize >>block-size ]
+        [ statfs64-f_iosize >>io-size ]
+        [ statfs64-f_blocks >>blocks ]
+        [ statfs64-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
+        [ statfs64-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
+        [ statfs64-f_files >>files ]
+        [ statfs64-f_ffree >>files-free ]
+        [ statfs64-f_fsid >>id ]
+        [ statfs64-f_owner >>owner ]
+        [ statfs64-f_type >>type-id ]
+        [ statfs64-f_flags >>flags ]
+        [ statfs64-f_fssubtype >>filesystem-subtype ]
+        [ statfs64-f_fstypename utf8 alien>string >>type ]
+        [ statfs64-f_mntonname utf8 alien>string >>mount-point ]
+        [ statfs64-f_mntfromname utf8 alien>string >>device-name ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: macosx statvfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info byte-array -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>preferred-block-size ]
+        [ statvfs-f_favail >>files-available ]
+        [ statvfs-f_namemax >>name-max ]
+    } cleave ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/tags.txt b/basis/io/unix/files/macosx/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/tags.txt
rename to basis/io/unix/files/macosx/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/netbsd/netbsd.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/netbsd/netbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c200331db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/netbsd/netbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax kernel unix.stat math unix
+combinators system io.backend accessors alien.c-types
+io.encodings.utf8 alien.strings unix.types io.unix.files
+io.files unix.statvfs.netbsd unix.getfsstat.netbsd
+grouping sequences ;
+IN: io.unix.files.netbsd
+
+TUPLE: netbsd-file-system-info < unix-file-system-info
+blocks-reserved files-reserved
+owner io-size sync-reads sync-writes async-reads async-writes
+idx mount-from ;
+
+M: netbsd new-file-system-info netbsd-file-system-info new ;
+
+M: netbsd file-system-statvfs
+    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error ;
+
+M: netbsd statvfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info statvfs -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ statvfs-f_flag >>flags ]
+        [ statvfs-f_bsize >>block-size ]
+        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>preferred-block-size ]
+        [ statvfs-f_iosize >>io-size ]
+        [ statvfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
+        [ statvfs-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
+        [ statvfs-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
+        [ statvfs-f_bresvd >>blocks-reserved ]
+        [ statvfs-f_files >>files ]
+        [ statvfs-f_ffree >>files-free ]
+        [ statvfs-f_favail >>files-available ]
+        [ statvfs-f_fresvd >>files-reserved ]
+        [ statvfs-f_syncreads >>sync-reads ]
+        [ statvfs-f_syncwrites >>sync-writes ]
+        [ statvfs-f_asyncreads >>async-reads ]
+        [ statvfs-f_asyncwrites >>async-writes ]
+        [ statvfs-f_fsidx >>idx ]
+        [ statvfs-f_fsid >>id ]
+        [ statvfs-f_namemax >>name-max ]
+        [ statvfs-f_owner >>owner ]
+        ! [ statvfs-f_spare >>spare ]
+        [ statvfs-f_fstypename alien>native-string >>type ]
+        [ statvfs-f_mntonname alien>native-string >>mount-point ]
+        [ statvfs-f_mntfromname alien>native-string >>device-name ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: netbsd file-systems ( -- array )
+    f 0 0 getvfsstat dup io-error
+    "statvfs" <c-array> dup dup length 0 getvfsstat io-error
+    "statvfs" heap-size group
+    [ statvfs-f_mntonname alien>native-string file-system-info ] map ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/tags.txt b/basis/io/unix/files/netbsd/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/tags.txt
rename to basis/io/unix/files/netbsd/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/files/openbsd/openbsd.factor b/basis/io/unix/files/openbsd/openbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c8f7c154b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/files/openbsd/openbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors alien.c-types alien.strings alien.syntax
+combinators io.backend io.files io.unix.files kernel math
+sequences system unix unix.getfsstat.openbsd grouping
+unix.statfs.openbsd unix.statvfs.openbsd unix.types ;
+IN: io.unix.files.openbsd
+
+TUPLE: freebsd-file-system-info < unix-file-system-info
+io-size sync-writes sync-reads async-writes async-reads 
+owner ;
+
+M: openbsd new-file-system-info freebsd-file-system-info new ;
+
+M: openbsd file-system-statfs
+    "statfs" <c-object> tuck statfs io-error ;
+
+M: openbsd statfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info statfs -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ statfs-f_flags >>flags ]
+        [ statfs-f_bsize >>block-size ]
+        [ statfs-f_iosize >>io-size ]
+        [ statfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
+        [ statfs-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
+        [ statfs-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
+        [ statfs-f_files >>files ]
+        [ statfs-f_ffree >>files-free ]
+        [ statfs-f_favail >>files-available ]
+        [ statfs-f_syncwrites >>sync-writes ]
+        [ statfs-f_syncreads >>sync-reads ]
+        [ statfs-f_asyncwrites >>async-writes ]
+        [ statfs-f_asyncreads >>async-reads ]
+        [ statfs-f_fsid >>id ]
+        [ statfs-f_namemax >>name-max ]
+        [ statfs-f_owner >>owner ]
+        ! [ statfs-f_spare >>spare ]
+        [ statfs-f_fstypename alien>native-string >>type ]
+        [ statfs-f_mntonname alien>native-string >>mount-point ]
+        [ statfs-f_mntfromname alien>native-string >>device-name ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: openbsd file-system-statvfs ( normalized-path -- statvfs )
+    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error ;
+
+M: openbsd statvfs>file-system-info ( file-system-info statvfs -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>preferred-block-size ]
+    } cleave ;
+
+M: openbsd file-systems ( -- seq )
+    f 0 0 getfsstat dup io-error
+    "statfs" <c-array> dup dup length 0 getfsstat io-error 
+    "statfs" heap-size group 
+    [ statfs-f_mntonname alien>native-string file-system-info ] map ;
diff --git a/extra/micros/unix/tags.txt b/basis/io/unix/files/openbsd/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/micros/unix/tags.txt
rename to basis/io/unix/files/openbsd/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/kqueue/kqueue.factor b/basis/io/unix/kqueue/kqueue.factor
index b3e69a453c..ba4240de7f 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/kqueue/kqueue.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/kqueue/kqueue.factor
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ M: kqueue-mx unregister-io-task ( task mx -- )
 : handle-kevents ( mx n -- )
     [ over events>> kevent-nth handle-kevent ] with each ;
 
-M: kqueue-mx wait-for-events ( ms mx -- )
+M: kqueue-mx wait-for-events ( us mx -- )
     swap dup [ make-timespec ] when
     dupd wait-kevent handle-kevents ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/launcher/launcher.factor b/basis/io/unix/launcher/launcher.factor
index 421e12a92f..7a1cac3ff1 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/launcher/launcher.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/launcher/launcher.factor
@@ -40,14 +40,13 @@ USE: unix
     3drop ;
 
 : redirect-file ( obj mode fd -- )
-    >r >r normalize-path r> file-mode
-    open-file r> redirect-fd ;
+    [ [ normalize-path ] dip file-mode open-file ] dip redirect-fd ;
 
 : redirect-file-append ( obj mode fd -- )
-    >r drop path>> normalize-path open-append r> redirect-fd ;
+    [ drop path>> normalize-path open-append ] dip redirect-fd ;
 
 : redirect-closed ( obj mode fd -- )
-    >r >r drop "/dev/null" r> r> redirect-file ;
+    [ drop "/dev/null" ] 2dip redirect-file ;
 
 : redirect ( obj mode fd -- )
     {
@@ -55,8 +54,8 @@ USE: unix
         { [ pick string? ] [ redirect-file ] }
         { [ pick appender? ] [ redirect-file-append ] }
         { [ pick +closed+ eq? ] [ redirect-closed ] }
-        { [ pick fd? ] [ >r drop fd>> dup reset-fd r> redirect-fd ] }
-        [ >r >r underlying-handle r> r> redirect ]
+        { [ pick fd? ] [ [ drop fd>> dup reset-fd ] dip redirect-fd ] }
+        [ [ underlying-handle ] 2dip redirect ]
     } cond ;
 
 : ?closed ( obj -- obj' )
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/linux/monitors/monitors.factor b/basis/io/unix/linux/monitors/monitors.factor
index 12b1cf779b..f27d48c6b0 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/linux/monitors/monitors.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/linux/monitors/monitors.factor
@@ -36,9 +36,7 @@ TUPLE: linux-monitor < monitor wd inotify watches disposed ;
     inotify-fd -rot inotify_add_watch dup io-error dup check-existing ;
 
 : add-watch ( path mask mailbox -- monitor )
-    >r
-    >r (normalize-path) r>
-    [ (add-watch) ] [ drop ] 2bi r>
+    [ [ (normalize-path) ] dip [ (add-watch) ] [ drop ] 2bi ] dip
     <linux-monitor> [ ] [ ] [ wd>> ] tri watches get set-at ;
 
 : check-inotify ( -- )
@@ -103,12 +101,12 @@ M: linux-monitor dispose* ( monitor -- )
 : next-event ( i buffer -- i buffer )
     2dup inotify-event@
     inotify-event-len "inotify-event" heap-size +
-    swap >r + r> ;
+    swap [ + ] dip ;
 
 : parse-file-notifications ( i buffer -- )
     2dup events-exhausted? [ 2drop ] [
         2dup inotify-event@ dup inotify-event-wd wd>monitor
-        >r parse-file-notify r> queue-change
+        [ parse-file-notify ] dip queue-change
         next-event parse-file-notifications
     ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/macosx/monitors/monitors.factor b/basis/io/unix/macosx/monitors/monitors.factor
index a5f36aa93b..cde1d6339a 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/macosx/monitors/monitors.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/macosx/monitors/monitors.factor
@@ -2,15 +2,13 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: io.backend io.monitors
 core-foundation.fsevents continuations kernel sequences
-namespaces arrays system locals accessors destructors ;
+namespaces arrays system locals accessors destructors fry ;
 IN: io.unix.macosx.monitors
 
 TUPLE: macosx-monitor < monitor handle ;
 
 : enqueue-notifications ( triples monitor -- )
-    [
-        >r first { +modify-file+ } r> queue-change
-    ] curry each ;
+    '[ first { +modify-file+ } _ queue-change ] each ;
 
 M:: macosx (monitor) ( path recursive? mailbox -- monitor )
     [let | path [ path normalize-path ] |
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/pipes/pipes.factor b/basis/io/unix/pipes/pipes.factor
index 53c336c555..a28738e147 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/pipes/pipes.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/pipes/pipes.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: system alien.c-types kernel unix math sequences
-qualified io.unix.backend io.ports ;
+USING: system kernel unix math sequences qualified
+io.unix.backend io.ports specialized-arrays.int accessors ;
 IN: io.unix.pipes
 QUALIFIED: io.pipes
 
 M: unix io.pipes:(pipe) ( -- pair )
-    2 "int" <c-array>
-    dup pipe io-error
-    2 c-int-array> first2 [ <fd> init-fd ] bi@ io.pipes:pipe boa ;
+    2 <int-array>
+    [ underlying>> pipe io-error ]
+    [ first2 [ <fd> init-fd ] bi@ io.pipes:pipe boa ] bi ;
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/select/select.factor b/basis/io/unix/select/select.factor
index f2a802a859..27231aee5a 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/select/select.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/select/select.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien.c-types kernel io.ports io.unix.backend
 bit-arrays sequences assocs unix math namespaces
-accessors math.order locals unix.time ;
+accessors math.order locals unix.time fry ;
 IN: io.unix.select
 
 TUPLE: select-mx < mx read-fdset write-fdset ;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TUPLE: select-mx < mx read-fdset write-fdset ;
         FD_SETSIZE 8 * <bit-array> >>write-fdset ;
 
 : clear-nth ( n seq -- ? )
-    [ nth ] [ f -rot set-nth ] 2bi ;
+    [ nth ] [ [ f ] 2dip set-nth ] 2bi ;
 
 :: check-fd ( fd fdset mx quot -- )
     fd munge fdset clear-nth [ fd mx quot call ] when ; inline
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ TUPLE: select-mx < mx read-fdset write-fdset ;
     [ check-fd ] 3curry each ; inline
 
 : init-fdset ( fds fdset -- )
-    [ >r t swap munge r> set-nth ] curry each ;
+    '[ t swap munge _ set-nth ] each ;
 
 : read-fdset/tasks ( mx -- seq fdset )
     [ reads>> keys ] [ read-fdset>> ] bi ;
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ TUPLE: select-mx < mx read-fdset write-fdset ;
     [ write-fdset/tasks [ init-fdset ] [ underlying>> ] bi ] tri
     f ;
 
-M:: select-mx wait-for-events ( ms mx -- )
+M:: select-mx wait-for-events ( us mx -- )
     mx
-    [ init-fdsets ms dup [ make-timeval ] when select multiplexer-error ]
+    [ init-fdsets us dup [ make-timeval ] when select multiplexer-error ]
     [ [ read-fdset/tasks ] keep [ input-available ] check-fdset ]
     [ [ write-fdset/tasks ] keep [ output-available ] check-fdset ]
     tri ;
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/debug/debug.factor b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/debug/debug.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd5353ea7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/debug/debug.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors io.sockets.secure kernel ;
+IN: io.unix.sockets.secure.debug
+
+: with-test-context ( quot -- )
+    <secure-config>
+        "resource:basis/openssl/test/server.pem" >>key-file
+        "resource:basis/openssl/test/dh1024.pem" >>dh-file
+        "password" >>password
+    swap with-secure-context ; inline
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure-tests.factor b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure-tests.factor
index d2a1649686..0816dd270b 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure-tests.factor
@@ -2,20 +2,14 @@ IN: io.sockets.secure.tests
 USING: accessors kernel namespaces io io.sockets
 io.sockets.secure io.encodings.ascii io.streams.duplex
 io.unix.backend classes words destructors threads tools.test
-concurrency.promises byte-arrays locals calendar io.timeouts ;
+concurrency.promises byte-arrays locals calendar io.timeouts
+io.unix.sockets.secure.debug ;
 
 \ <secure-config> must-infer
 { 1 0 } [ [ ] with-secure-context ] must-infer-as
 
 [ ] [ <promise> "port" set ] unit-test
 
-: with-test-context ( quot -- )
-    <secure-config>
-        "resource:basis/openssl/test/server.pem" >>key-file
-        "resource:basis/openssl/test/dh1024.pem" >>dh-file
-        "password" >>password
-    swap with-secure-context ; inline
-
 :: server-test ( quot -- )
     [
         [
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure.factor b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure.factor
index 649c68673f..a096380b74 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/sockets/secure/secure.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, Slava Pestov, Elie CHAFTARI.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors unix byte-arrays kernel debugger sequences namespaces math
-math.order combinators init alien alien.c-types alien.strings libc
-continuations destructors
-openssl openssl.libcrypto openssl.libssl
-io.files io.ports io.unix.backend io.unix.sockets
-io.encodings.ascii io.buffers io.sockets io.sockets.secure
-io.timeouts system summary ;
+USING: accessors unix byte-arrays kernel debugger sequences
+namespaces math math.order combinators init alien alien.c-types
+alien.strings libc continuations destructors openssl
+openssl.libcrypto openssl.libssl io io.files io.ports
+io.unix.backend io.unix.sockets io.encodings.ascii io.buffers
+io.sockets io.sockets.secure io.sockets.secure.openssl
+io.timeouts system summary fry ;
 IN: io.unix.sockets.secure
 
 M: ssl-handle handle-fd file>> handle-fd ;
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ M: ssl-handle handle-fd file>> handle-fd ;
             { -1 [ err_no ECONNRESET = [ premature-close ] [ (io-error) ] if ] }
             { 0 [ premature-close ] }
         } case
-    ] [
-        nip (ssl-error)
-    ] if ;
+    ] [ nip (ssl-error) ] if ;
 
 : check-accept-response ( handle r -- event )
     over handle>> over SSL_get_error
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ M: ssl-handle handle-fd file>> handle-fd ;
 
 : do-ssl-accept ( ssl-handle -- )
     dup dup handle>> SSL_accept check-accept-response dup
-    [ >r dup file>> r> wait-for-fd do-ssl-accept ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+    [ [ dup file>> ] dip wait-for-fd do-ssl-accept ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : maybe-handshake ( ssl-handle -- )
     dup connected>> [ drop ] [
@@ -130,24 +128,23 @@ M: secure (get-local-address) addrspec>> (get-local-address) ;
     [ [ handle>> SSL_get1_session ] dip save-session ]
     2bi ;
 
-: secure-connection ( ssl-handle addrspec -- )
-    dup get-session [ resume-session ] [ begin-session ] ?if ;
+: secure-connection ( client-out addrspec -- )
+    [ handle>> ] dip
+    [
+        '[
+            _ dup get-session
+            [ resume-session ] [ begin-session ] ?if
+        ] with-timeout
+    ] [ drop t >>connected drop ] 2bi ;
 
 M: secure establish-connection ( client-out remote -- )
-    addrspec>>
-    [ establish-connection ]
-    [
-        [ handle>> ] dip
-        [ [ secure-connection ] curry with-timeout ]
-        [ drop t >>connected drop ]
-        2bi
-    ] 2bi ;
+    addrspec>> [ establish-connection ] [ secure-connection ] 2bi ;
 
 M: secure (server) addrspec>> (server) ;
 
 M: secure (accept)
     [
-        addrspec>> (accept) >r |dispose <ssl-socket> r>
+        addrspec>> (accept) [ |dispose <ssl-socket> ] dip
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : check-shutdown-response ( handle r -- event )
@@ -172,3 +169,32 @@ M: ssl-handle shutdown
     dup connected>> [
         f >>connected [ (shutdown) ] with-timeout
     ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+: check-buffer ( port -- port )
+    dup buffer>> buffer-empty? [ upgrade-buffers-full ] unless ;
+
+: input/output-ports ( -- input output )
+    input-stream output-stream
+    [ get underlying-port check-buffer ] bi@
+    2dup [ handle>> ] bi@ eq? [ upgrade-on-non-socket ] unless ;
+
+: make-input/output-secure ( input output -- )
+    dup handle>> fd? [ upgrade-on-non-socket ] unless
+    [ <ssl-socket> ] change-handle
+    handle>> >>handle drop ;
+
+: (send-secure-handshake) ( output -- )
+    remote-address get [ upgrade-on-non-socket ] unless*
+    secure-connection ;
+
+M: openssl send-secure-handshake
+    input/output-ports
+    [ make-input/output-secure ] keep
+    [ (send-secure-handshake) ] keep
+    remote-address get dup inet? [
+        host>> swap handle>> check-certificate
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+
+M: openssl accept-secure-handshake
+    input/output-ports
+    make-input/output-secure ;
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/sockets/sockets.factor b/basis/io/unix/sockets/sockets.factor
index 8f9ff4f066..5fba7badb0 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/sockets/sockets.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/sockets/sockets.factor
@@ -16,18 +16,18 @@ IN: io.unix.sockets
     0 socket dup io-error <fd> init-fd |dispose ;
 
 : set-socket-option ( fd level opt -- )
-    >r >r handle-fd r> r> 1 <int> "int" heap-size setsockopt io-error ;
+    [ handle-fd ] 2dip 1 <int> "int" heap-size setsockopt io-error ;
 
 M: unix addrinfo-error ( n -- )
     dup zero? [ drop ] [ gai_strerror throw ] if ;
 
 ! Client sockets - TCP and Unix domain
 M: object (get-local-address) ( handle remote -- sockaddr )
-    >r handle-fd r> empty-sockaddr/size <int>
+    [ handle-fd ] dip empty-sockaddr/size <int>
     [ getsockname io-error ] 2keep drop ;
 
 M: object (get-remote-address) ( handle local -- sockaddr )
-    >r handle-fd r> empty-sockaddr/size <int>
+    [ handle-fd ] dip empty-sockaddr/size <int>
     [ getpeername io-error ] 2keep drop ;
 
 : init-client-socket ( fd -- )
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ M: object ((client)) ( addrspec -- fd )
     SOL_SOCKET SO_REUSEADDR set-socket-option ;
 
 : server-socket-fd ( addrspec type -- fd )
-    >r dup protocol-family r> socket-fd
+    [ dup protocol-family ] dip socket-fd
     dup init-server-socket
     dup handle-fd rot make-sockaddr/size bind io-error ;
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ M: object (server) ( addrspec -- handle )
 M: object (accept) ( server addrspec -- fd sockaddr )
     2dup do-accept
     {
-        { [ over 0 >= ] [ >r 2nip <fd> init-fd r> ] }
+        { [ over 0 >= ] [ [ 2nip <fd> init-fd ] dip ] }
         { [ err_no EINTR = ] [ 2drop (accept) ] }
         { [ err_no EAGAIN = ] [
             2drop
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ SYMBOL: receive-buffer
     ] call ;
 
 M: unix (receive) ( datagram -- packet sockaddr )
-    dup do-receive dup [ rot drop ] [
+    dup do-receive dup [ [ drop ] 2dip ] [
         2drop [ +input+ wait-for-port ] [ (receive) ] bi
     ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/unix/unix-tests.factor b/basis/io/unix/unix-tests.factor
index 7e1dc48e5f..df61420c77 100644
--- a/basis/io/unix/unix-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/io/unix/unix-tests.factor
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ yield
 
         "Receive 1" print
 
-        "d" get receive >r reverse r>
+        "d" get receive [ reverse ] dip
         
         "Send 1" print
         dup .
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ yield
 
         "Receive 2" print
 
-        "d" get receive >r " world" append r>
+        "d" get receive [ " world" append ] dip
         
         "Send 1" print
         dup .
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ datagram-client <local> <datagram>
 [ "olleh" t ] [
     "d" get receive
     datagram-server <local> =
-    >r >string r>
+    [ >string ] dip
 ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ datagram-client <local> <datagram>
 [ "hello world" t ] [
     "d" get receive
     datagram-server <local> =
-    >r >string r>
+    [ >string ] dip
 ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [ "d" get dispose ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/files/files.factor b/basis/io/windows/files/files.factor
index 3952299543..83954e045b 100755
--- a/basis/io/windows/files/files.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/files/files.factor
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ IN: io.windows.files
 
 : open-file ( path access-mode create-mode flags -- handle )
     [
-        >r >r share-mode default-security-attributes r> r>
+        [ share-mode default-security-attributes ] 2dip
         CreateFile-flags f CreateFile opened-file
     ] with-destructors ;
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ IN: io.windows.files
     GetLastError ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS = not ;
 
 : set-file-pointer ( handle length method -- )
-    >r dupd d>w/w <uint> r> SetFilePointer
+    [ dupd d>w/w <uint> ] dip SetFilePointer
     INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER = [
         CloseHandle "SetFilePointer failed" throw
     ] when drop ;
@@ -114,11 +114,6 @@ M: windows delete-directory ( path -- )
     normalize-path
     RemoveDirectory win32-error=0/f ;
 
-M: windows >directory-entry ( byte-array -- directory-entry )
-    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-cFileName utf16n alien>string ]
-    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes ]
-    bi directory-entry boa ;
-
 : find-first-file ( path -- WIN32_FIND_DATA handle )
     "WIN32_FIND_DATA" <c-object> tuck
     FindFirstFile
@@ -149,35 +144,48 @@ SYMBOLS: +read-only+ +hidden+ +system+
 +sparse-file+ +reparse-point+ +compressed+ +offline+
 +not-content-indexed+ +encrypted+ ;
 
-: win32-file-attribute ( n attr symbol -- n )
-    >r dupd mask? r> swap [ , ] [ drop ] if ;
+TUPLE: windows-file-info < file-info attributes ;
+
+: win32-file-attribute ( n attr symbol -- )
+    rot mask? [ , ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : win32-file-attributes ( n -- seq )
     [
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY +read-only+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN +hidden+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM +system+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY +directory+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE +archive+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE +device+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL +normal+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY +temporary+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE +sparse-file+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT +reparse-point+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED +compressed+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE +offline+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED +not-content-indexed+ win32-file-attribute
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED +encrypted+ win32-file-attribute
-        drop
+        {
+            [ +read-only+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +hidden+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +system+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +directory+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +archive+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +device+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +normal+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +temporary+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +sparse-file+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +reparse-point+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +compressed+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +offline+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +not-content-indexed+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED win32-file-attribute ]
+            [ +encrypted+ FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED win32-file-attribute ]
+        } cleave
     ] { } make ;
 
 : win32-file-type ( n -- symbol )
     FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY mask? +directory+ +regular-file+ ? ;
 
+TUPLE: windows-directory-entry < directory-entry attributes ;
+
+M: windows >directory-entry ( byte-array -- directory-entry )
+    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-cFileName utf16n alien>string ]
+    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes win32-file-type ]
+    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes win32-file-attributes ]
+    tri
+    dupd remove windows-directory-entry boa ;
+
 : WIN32_FIND_DATA>file-info ( WIN32_FIND_DATA -- file-info )
-    [ \ file-info new ] dip
+    [ \ windows-file-info new ] dip
     {
         [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes win32-file-type >>type ]
+        [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes win32-file-attributes >>attributes ]
         [
             [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-nFileSizeLow ]
             [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-nFileSizeHigh ] bi >64bit >>size
@@ -196,9 +204,10 @@ SYMBOLS: +read-only+ +hidden+ +system+
     ] keep ;
 
 : BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION>file-info ( HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION -- file-info )
-    [ \ file-info new ] dip
+    [ \ windows-file-info new ] dip
     {
         [ BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION-dwFileAttributes win32-file-type >>type ]
+        [ BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION-dwFileAttributes win32-file-attributes >>attributes ]
         [
             [ BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION-nFileSizeLow ]
             [ BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION-nFileSizeHigh ] bi >64bit >>size
@@ -248,9 +257,6 @@ M: winnt link-info ( path -- info )
 
 HOOK: root-directory os ( string -- string' )
 
-TUPLE: winnt-file-system-info < file-system-info
-total-bytes total-free-bytes ;
-
 : file-system-type ( normalized-path -- str )
     MAX_PATH 1+ <byte-array>
     MAX_PATH 1+
@@ -260,21 +266,37 @@ total-bytes total-free-bytes ;
     [ GetVolumeInformation win32-error=0/f ] 2keep drop
     utf16n alien>string ;
 
-: file-system-space ( normalized-path -- free-space total-bytes total-free-bytes )
+: file-system-space ( normalized-path -- available-space total-space free-space )
     "ULARGE_INTEGER" <c-object>
     "ULARGE_INTEGER" <c-object>
     "ULARGE_INTEGER" <c-object>
     [ GetDiskFreeSpaceEx win32-error=0/f ] 3keep ;
 
+: calculate-file-system-info ( file-system-info -- file-system-info' )
+    {
+        [ dup [ total-space>> ] [ free-space>> ] bi - >>used-space drop ]
+        [ ]
+    } cleave ;
+
 M: winnt file-system-info ( path -- file-system-info )
     normalize-path root-directory
     dup [ file-system-type ] [ file-system-space ] bi
-    \ winnt-file-system-info new
-        swap *ulonglong >>total-free-bytes
-        swap *ulonglong >>total-bytes
+    \ file-system-info new
         swap *ulonglong >>free-space
+        swap *ulonglong >>total-space
+        swap *ulonglong >>available-space
         swap >>type
-        swap >>mount-point ;
+        swap >>mount-point
+    calculate-file-system-info ;
+
+: volume>paths ( string -- array )
+    16384 "ushort" <c-array> tuck dup length
+    0 <uint> dup [ GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName 0 = ] dip swap [
+        win32-error-string throw
+    ] [
+        *uint "ushort" heap-size * head
+        utf16n alien>string CHAR: \0 split
+    ] if ;
 
 : find-first-volume ( -- string handle )
     MAX_PATH 1+ <byte-array> dup length
@@ -282,12 +304,16 @@ M: winnt file-system-info ( path -- file-system-info )
     FindFirstVolume dup win32-error=0/f
     [ utf16n alien>string ] dip ;
 
-: find-next-volume ( handle -- string )
+: find-next-volume ( handle -- string/f )
     MAX_PATH 1+ <byte-array> dup length
-    [ FindNextVolume win32-error=0/f ] 2keep drop
-    utf16n alien>string ;
+    over [ FindNextVolume ] dip swap 0 = [
+        GetLastError ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES =
+        [ drop f ] [ win32-error ] if
+    ] [
+        utf16n alien>string
+    ] if ;
 
-: mounted ( -- array )
+: find-volumes ( -- array )
     find-first-volume
     [
         '[
@@ -298,6 +324,13 @@ M: winnt file-system-info ( path -- file-system-info )
         ]
     ] [ '[ _ FindVolumeClose win32-error=0/f ] ] bi [ ] cleanup ;
 
+M: winnt file-systems ( -- array )
+    find-volumes [ volume>paths ] map
+    concat [
+        [ file-system-info ]
+        [ drop \ file-system-info new swap >>mount-point ] recover
+    ] map ;
+
 : file-times ( path -- timestamp timestamp timestamp )
     [
         normalize-path open-existing &dispose handle>>
@@ -315,23 +348,23 @@ M: winnt file-system-info ( path -- file-system-info )
 : set-file-times ( path timestamp/f timestamp/f timestamp/f -- )
     #! timestamp order: creation access write
     [
-        >r >r >r
+        [
             normalize-path open-existing &dispose handle>>
-        r> r> r> (set-file-times)
+        ] 3dip (set-file-times)
     ] with-destructors ;
 
 : set-file-create-time ( path timestamp -- )
     f f set-file-times ;
 
 : set-file-access-time ( path timestamp -- )
-    >r f r> f set-file-times ;
+    [ f ] dip f set-file-times ;
 
 : set-file-write-time ( path timestamp -- )
-    >r f f r> set-file-times ;
+    [ f f ] dip set-file-times ;
 
 M: winnt touch-file ( path -- )
     [
         normalize-path
-        maybe-create-file >r &dispose r>
+        maybe-create-file [ &dispose ] dip
         [ drop ] [ handle>> f now dup (set-file-times) ] if
     ] with-destructors ;
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/launcher/launcher.factor b/basis/io/windows/launcher/launcher.factor
index d1ad309dd5..212b405a54 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/launcher/launcher.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/launcher/launcher.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ windows.types math windows.kernel32
 namespaces make io.launcher kernel sequences windows.errors
 splitting system threads init strings combinators
 io.backend accessors concurrency.flags io.files assocs
-io.files.private windows destructors ;
+io.files.private windows destructors specialized-arrays.ushort
+specialized-arrays.alien ;
 IN: io.windows.launcher
 
 TUPLE: CreateProcess-args
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ TUPLE: CreateProcess-args
     CreateProcess win32-error=0/f ;
 
 : count-trailing-backslashes ( str n -- str n )
-    >r "\\" ?tail r> swap [
+    [ "\\" ?tail ] dip swap [
         1+ count-trailing-backslashes
     ] when ;
 
@@ -84,8 +85,7 @@ TUPLE: CreateProcess-args
 
 : fill-lpApplicationName ( process args -- process args )
     over app-name/cmd-line
-    >r >>lpApplicationName
-    r> >>lpCommandLine ;
+    [ >>lpApplicationName ] [ >>lpCommandLine ] bi* ;
 
 : fill-lpCommandLine ( process args -- process args )
     over cmd-line >>lpCommandLine ;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TUPLE: CreateProcess-args
             over get-environment
             [ swap % "=" % % "\0" % ] assoc-each
             "\0" %
-        ] "" make >c-ushort-array
+        ] ushort-array{ } make underlying>>
         >>lpEnvironment
     ] when ;
 
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ M: windows kill-process* ( handle -- )
 
 M: windows wait-for-processes ( -- ? )
     processes get keys dup
-    [ handle>> PROCESS_INFORMATION-hProcess ] map
-    dup length swap >c-void*-array 0 0
+    [ handle>> PROCESS_INFORMATION-hProcess ] void*-array{ } map-as
+    [ length ] [ underlying>> ] bi 0 0
     WaitForMultipleObjects
     dup HEX: ffffffff = [ win32-error ] when
     dup WAIT_TIMEOUT = [ 2drop t ] [ swap nth process-exited f ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/backend/backend.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/backend/backend.factor
index 73b77508b7..8035bd66e9 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/backend/backend.factor
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ C: <io-callback> io-callback
     "OVERLAPPED" malloc-object &free ;
 
 : make-overlapped ( port -- overlapped-ext )
-    >r (make-overlapped)
-    r> handle>> ptr>> [ over set-OVERLAPPED-offset ] when* ;
+    [ (make-overlapped) ] dip
+    handle>> ptr>> [ over set-OVERLAPPED-offset ] when* ;
 
 : <completion-port> ( handle existing -- handle )
      f 1 CreateIoCompletionPort dup win32-error=0/f ;
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ M: winnt add-completion ( win32-handle -- )
         } cond
     ] with-timeout ;
 
-:: wait-for-overlapped ( ms -- bytes-transferred overlapped error? )
+:: wait-for-overlapped ( us -- bytes-transferred overlapped error? )
     master-completion-port get-global
     0 <int> [ ! bytes
         f <void*> ! key
         f <void*> [ ! overlapped
-            ms INFINITE or ! timeout
+            us [ 1000 /i ] [ INFINITE ] if* ! timeout
             GetQueuedCompletionStatus zero?
         ] keep *void*
     ] keep *int spin ;
@@ -61,21 +61,17 @@ M: winnt add-completion ( win32-handle -- )
 : resume-callback ( result overlapped -- )
     pending-overlapped get-global delete-at* drop resume-with ;
 
-: handle-overlapped ( timeout -- ? )
+: handle-overlapped ( us -- ? )
     wait-for-overlapped [
         dup [
-            >r drop GetLastError 1array r> resume-callback t
-        ] [
-            2drop f
-        ] if
-    ] [
-        resume-callback t
-    ] if ;
+            [ drop GetLastError 1array ] dip resume-callback t
+        ] [ 2drop f ] if
+    ] [ resume-callback t ] if ;
 
 M: win32-handle cancel-operation
     [ check-disposed ] [ handle>> CancelIo drop ] bi ;
 
-M: winnt io-multiplex ( ms -- )
+M: winnt io-multiplex ( us -- )
     handle-overlapped [ 0 io-multiplex ] when ;
 
 M: winnt init-io ( -- )
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ M: winnt init-io ( -- )
 
 : wait-for-file ( FileArgs n port -- n )
     swap file-error?
-    [ 2drop 0 ] [ >r lpOverlapped>> r> twiddle-thumbs ] if ;
+    [ 2drop 0 ] [ [ lpOverlapped>> ] dip twiddle-thumbs ] if ;
 
 : update-file-ptr ( n port -- )
     handle>> dup ptr>> [ rot + >>ptr drop ] [ 2drop ] if* ;
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/files/files.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/files/files.factor
index 2fbc809263..9f25eb5eb1 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/files/files.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/files/files.factor
@@ -59,6 +59,6 @@ M: winnt FileArgs-overlapped ( port -- overlapped )
 
 M: winnt open-append
     [ dup file-info size>> ] [ drop 0 ] recover
-    >r (open-append) r> >>ptr ;
+    [ (open-append) ] dip >>ptr ;
 
 M: winnt home "USERPROFILE" os-env ;
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher-tests.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher-tests.factor
index 949b0a7961..cbae2f5eca 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher-tests.factor
@@ -1,157 +1,157 @@
-USING: io.launcher tools.test calendar accessors environment
-namespaces kernel system arrays io io.files io.encodings.ascii
-sequences parser assocs hashtables math continuations eval ;
-IN: io.windows.launcher.nt.tests
-
-[ ] [
-    <process>
-        "notepad" >>command
-        1/2 seconds >>timeout
-    "notepad" set
-] unit-test
-
-[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-running? ] unit-test
-
-[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-started? ] unit-test
-
-[ ] [ "notepad" [ run-detached ] change ] unit-test
-
-[ "notepad" get wait-for-process ] must-fail
-
-[ t ] [ "notepad" get killed>> ] unit-test
-
-[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-running? ] unit-test
-
-[ ] [
-    <process>
-        vm "-quiet" "-run=hello-world" 3array >>command
-        "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
-    try-process
-] unit-test
-
-[ "Hello world" ] [
-    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
-] unit-test
-
-[ ] [
-    <process>
-        vm "-run=listener" 2array >>command
-        +closed+ >>stdin
-    try-process
-] unit-test
-
-[ ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
-            "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
-            "err.txt" temp-file >>stderr
-        try-process
-    ] with-directory
-] unit-test
-
-[ "output" ] [
-    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
-] unit-test
-
-[ "error" ] [
-    "err.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
-] unit-test
-
-[ ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
-            "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
-            +stdout+ >>stderr
-        try-process
-    ] with-directory
-] unit-test
-
-[ "outputerror" ] [
-    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
-] unit-test
-
-[ "output" ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
-            "err2.txt" temp-file >>stderr
-        ascii <process-reader> lines first
-    ] with-directory
-] unit-test
-
-[ "error" ] [
-    "err2.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
-] unit-test
-
-[ t ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
-        ascii <process-reader> contents
-    ] with-directory eval
-
-    os-envs =
-] unit-test
-
-[ t ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
-            +replace-environment+ >>environment-mode
-            os-envs >>environment
-        ascii <process-reader> contents
-    ] with-directory eval
-    
-    os-envs =
-] unit-test
-
-[ "B" ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
-            { { "A" "B" } } >>environment
-        ascii <process-reader> contents
-    ] with-directory eval
-
-    "A" swap at
-] unit-test
-
-[ f ] [
-    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-        <process>
-            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
-            { { "HOME" "XXX" } } >>environment
-            +prepend-environment+ >>environment-mode
-        ascii <process-reader> contents
-    ] with-directory eval
-
-    "HOME" swap at "XXX" =
-] unit-test
-
-2 [
-    [ ] [
-        <process>
-            "cmd.exe /c dir" >>command
-            "dir.txt" temp-file >>stdout
-        try-process
-    ] unit-test
-
-    [ ] [ "dir.txt" temp-file delete-file ] unit-test
-] times
-
-[ "append-test" temp-file delete-file ] ignore-errors
-
-[ "Hello appender\r\nHello appender\r\n" ] [
-    2 [
-        "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
-            <process>
-                vm "-script" "append.factor" 3array >>command
-                "append-test" temp-file <appender> >>stdout
-            try-process
-        ] with-directory
-    ] times
-   
-    "append-test" temp-file ascii file-contents
-] unit-test
+USING: io.launcher tools.test calendar accessors environment
+namespaces kernel system arrays io io.files io.encodings.ascii
+sequences parser assocs hashtables math continuations eval ;
+IN: io.windows.launcher.nt.tests
+
+[ ] [
+    <process>
+        "notepad" >>command
+        1/2 seconds >>timeout
+    "notepad" set
+] unit-test
+
+[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-running? ] unit-test
+
+[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-started? ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [ "notepad" [ run-detached ] change ] unit-test
+
+[ "notepad" get wait-for-process ] must-fail
+
+[ t ] [ "notepad" get killed>> ] unit-test
+
+[ f ] [ "notepad" get process-running? ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    <process>
+        vm "-quiet" "-run=hello-world" 3array >>command
+        "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
+    try-process
+] unit-test
+
+[ "Hello world" ] [
+    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
+] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    <process>
+        vm "-run=listener" 2array >>command
+        +closed+ >>stdin
+    try-process
+] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
+            "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
+            "err.txt" temp-file >>stderr
+        try-process
+    ] with-directory
+] unit-test
+
+[ "output" ] [
+    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
+] unit-test
+
+[ "error" ] [
+    "err.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
+] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
+            "out.txt" temp-file >>stdout
+            +stdout+ >>stderr
+        try-process
+    ] with-directory
+] unit-test
+
+[ "outputerror" ] [
+    "out.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
+] unit-test
+
+[ "output" ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "stderr.factor" 3array >>command
+            "err2.txt" temp-file >>stderr
+        ascii <process-reader> lines first
+    ] with-directory
+] unit-test
+
+[ "error" ] [
+    "err2.txt" temp-file ascii file-lines first
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
+        ascii <process-reader> contents
+    ] with-directory eval
+
+    os-envs =
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
+            +replace-environment+ >>environment-mode
+            os-envs >>environment
+        ascii <process-reader> contents
+    ] with-directory eval
+    
+    os-envs =
+] unit-test
+
+[ "B" ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
+            { { "A" "B" } } >>environment
+        ascii <process-reader> contents
+    ] with-directory eval
+
+    "A" swap at
+] unit-test
+
+[ f ] [
+    "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+        <process>
+            vm "-script" "env.factor" 3array >>command
+            { { "USERPROFILE" "XXX" } } >>environment
+            +prepend-environment+ >>environment-mode
+        ascii <process-reader> contents
+    ] with-directory eval
+
+    "USERPROFILE" swap at "XXX" =
+] unit-test
+
+2 [
+    [ ] [
+        <process>
+            "cmd.exe /c dir" >>command
+            "dir.txt" temp-file >>stdout
+        try-process
+    ] unit-test
+
+    [ ] [ "dir.txt" temp-file delete-file ] unit-test
+] times
+
+[ "append-test" temp-file delete-file ] ignore-errors
+
+[ "Hello appender\r\nHello appender\r\n" ] [
+    2 [
+        "resource:basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/test" [
+            <process>
+                vm "-script" "append.factor" 3array >>command
+                "append-test" temp-file <appender> >>stdout
+            try-process
+        ] with-directory
+    ] times
+   
+    "append-test" temp-file ascii file-contents
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher.factor
index 9d02fbe2fd..de4fb99c64 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/launcher/launcher.factor
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ IN: io.windows.nt.launcher
     CreateFile dup invalid-handle? <win32-file> &dispose handle>> ;
 
 : redirect-append ( path access-mode create-mode -- handle )
-    >r >r path>> r> r>
+    [ path>> ] 2dip
     drop OPEN_ALWAYS
     redirect-file
     dup 0 FILE_END set-file-pointer ;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ IN: io.windows.nt.launcher
     2drop handle>> duplicate-handle ;
 
 : redirect-stream ( stream access-mode create-mode -- handle )
-    >r >r underlying-handle handle>> r> r> redirect-handle ;
+    [ underlying-handle handle>> ] 2dip redirect-handle ;
 
 : redirect ( obj access-mode create-mode -- handle )
     {
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/monitors/monitors.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/monitors/monitors.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 2680b40089..30345c8c69
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/monitors/monitors.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/monitors/monitors.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien alien.c-types libc destructors locals kernel math
-assocs namespaces make continuations sequences hashtables
-sorting arrays combinators math.bitwise strings system accessors
-threads splitting io.backend io.windows io.windows.nt.backend
-io.windows.nt.files io.monitors io.ports io.buffers io.files
-io.timeouts io windows windows.kernel32 windows.types ;
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.strings libc destructors locals
+kernel math assocs namespaces make continuations sequences
+hashtables sorting arrays combinators math.bitwise strings
+system accessors threads splitting io.backend io.windows
+io.windows.nt.backend io.windows.nt.files io.monitors io.ports
+io.buffers io.files io.timeouts io.encodings.string io
+windows windows.kernel32 windows.types ;
 IN: io.windows.nt.monitors
 
 : open-directory ( path -- handle )
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ TUPLE: win32-monitor < monitor port ;
     } case 1array ;
 
 : memory>u16-string ( alien len -- string )
-    [ memory>byte-array ] keep 2/ c-ushort-array> >string ;
+    memory>byte-array utf16n decode ;
 
 : parse-notify-record ( buffer -- path changed )
     [
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/pipes/pipes.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/pipes/pipes.factor
index c9bf1ebf42..d498875c87 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/pipes/pipes.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/pipes/pipes.factor
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ IN: io.windows.nt.pipes
         "-" %
         32 random-bits #
         "-" %
-        millis #
+        micros #
     ] "" make ;
 
 M: winnt (pipe) ( -- pipe )
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/privileges/privileges.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/privileges/privileges.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 8418d09a5e..264f337eaf
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/privileges/privileges.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/privileges/privileges.factor
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ TYPEDEF: TOKEN_PRIVILEGES* PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES
 
 : with-process-token ( quot -- )
     #! quot: ( token-handle -- token-handle )
-    >r open-process-token r>
+    [ open-process-token ] dip
     [ keep ] curry
     [ CloseHandle drop ] [ ] cleanup ; inline
 
 : lookup-privilege ( string -- luid )
-    >r f r> "LUID" <c-object>
+    [ f ] dip "LUID" <c-object>
     [ LookupPrivilegeValue win32-error=0/f ] keep ;
 
 : make-token-privileges ( name ? -- obj )
@@ -39,10 +39,9 @@ TYPEDEF: TOKEN_PRIVILEGES* PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES
         set-LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES-Attributes
     ] when
 
-    >r lookup-privilege r>
+    [ lookup-privilege ] dip
     [
         TOKEN_PRIVILEGES-Privileges
-        >r 0 r> LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES-nth
         set-LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES-Luid
     ] keep ;
 
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/nt/sockets/sockets.factor b/basis/io/windows/nt/sockets/sockets.factor
index 5d94cf2d4a..ecd9ea9d9b 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/nt/sockets/sockets.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/nt/sockets/sockets.factor
@@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ TUPLE: WSASendTo-args port
 
 : make-send-buffer ( packet -- WSABUF )
     "WSABUF" malloc-object &free
-    [ >r malloc-byte-array &free r> set-WSABUF-buf ]
-    [ >r length r> set-WSABUF-len ]
+    [ [ malloc-byte-array &free ] dip set-WSABUF-buf ]
+    [ [ length ] dip set-WSABUF-len ]
     [ nip ]
     2tri ; inline
 
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ TUPLE: WSASendTo-args port
         swap >>port
         dup port>> handle>> handle>> >>s
         swap make-sockaddr/size
-            >r malloc-byte-array &free
-            r> [ >>lpTo ] [ >>iToLen ] bi*
+            [ malloc-byte-array &free ] dip
+            [ >>lpTo ] [ >>iToLen ] bi*
         swap make-send-buffer >>lpBuffers
         1 >>dwBufferCount
         0 >>dwFlags
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/sockets/sockets.factor b/basis/io/windows/sockets/sockets.factor
index d9ab10d5e3..809af605e0 100644
--- a/basis/io/windows/sockets/sockets.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/sockets/sockets.factor
@@ -20,21 +20,21 @@ M: win32-socket dispose ( stream -- )
     <win32-socket> |dispose dup add-completion ;
 
 : open-socket ( addrspec type -- win32-socket )
-    >r protocol-family r>
+    [ protocol-family ] dip
     0 f 0 WSASocket-flags WSASocket
     dup socket-error
     opened-socket ;
 
 M: object (get-local-address) ( socket addrspec -- sockaddr )
-    >r handle>> r> empty-sockaddr/size <int>
+    [ handle>> ] dip empty-sockaddr/size <int>
     [ getsockname socket-error ] 2keep drop ;
 
 M: object (get-remote-address) ( socket addrspec -- sockaddr )
-    >r handle>> r> empty-sockaddr/size <int>
+    [ handle>> ] dip empty-sockaddr/size <int>
     [ getpeername socket-error ] 2keep drop ;
 
 : bind-socket ( win32-socket sockaddr len -- )
-    >r >r handle>> r> r> bind socket-error ;
+    [ handle>> ] 2dip bind socket-error ;
 
 M: object ((client)) ( addrspec -- handle )
     [ SOCK_STREAM open-socket ] keep
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/tags.txt b/basis/io/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 02ec70f741..6bf68304bb
--- a/basis/io/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/io/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 unportable
-windows
diff --git a/basis/io/windows/windows.factor b/basis/io/windows/windows.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 6f6c29fc55..94304edc05
--- a/basis/io/windows/windows.factor
+++ b/basis/io/windows/windows.factor
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Mackenzie Straight, Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien alien.c-types arrays destructors io io.backend
-io.buffers io.files io.ports io.sockets io.binary
-io.sockets io.timeouts windows.errors strings
-kernel math namespaces sequences windows windows.kernel32
-windows.shell32 windows.types windows.winsock splitting
-continuations math.bitwise system accessors ;
+io.buffers io.files io.ports io.binary io.timeouts
+windows.errors strings kernel math namespaces sequences windows
+windows.kernel32 windows.shell32 windows.types windows.winsock
+splitting continuations math.bitwise system accessors ;
 IN: io.windows
 
 : set-inherit ( handle ? -- )
-    >r HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT r> >BOOLEAN SetHandleInformation win32-error=0/f ;
+    [ HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT ] dip
+    >BOOLEAN SetHandleInformation win32-error=0/f ;
 
 TUPLE: win32-handle handle disposed ;
 
diff --git a/basis/json/authors.txt b/basis/json/authors.txt
index 44b06f94bc..914f818278 100755
--- a/basis/json/authors.txt
+++ b/basis/json/authors.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 Chris Double
+Peter Burns
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/json/json-docs.factor b/basis/json/json-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..816e7236ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/json/json-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+IN: json
+USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
+
+ARTICLE: "json" "JSON serialization"
+{ $subsection "json.reader" }
+{ $subsection "json.writer" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "json"
diff --git a/basis/json/json.factor b/basis/json/json.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7cfc0e5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/json/json.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+IN: json
+USE: vocabs.loader
+
+SINGLETON: json-null
+
+"json.reader" require
+"json.writer" require
diff --git a/basis/json/reader/reader-docs.factor b/basis/json/reader/reader-docs.factor
index ea4dcbf954..4446c385d3 100644
--- a/basis/json/reader/reader-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/json/reader/reader-docs.factor
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
 IN: json.reader
 
-HELP: json> "( string -- object )"
-{ $values { "string" "a string in JSON format" } { "object" "yhe object deserialized from the JSON string" } }
+HELP: json>
+{ $values { "string" "a string in JSON format" } { "object" "a deserialized object" } }
 { $description "Deserializes the JSON formatted string into a Factor object. JSON objects are converted to Factor hashtables. All other JSON objects convert to their obvious Factor equivalents." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "json.reader" "JSON reader"
+"The " { $vocab-link "json.reader" } " vocabulary defines a word for parsing strings in JSON format."
+{ $subsection json> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "json.reader"
diff --git a/basis/json/reader/reader-tests.factor b/basis/json/reader/reader-tests.factor
index 995ae0e0b8..e97d45babe 100644
--- a/basis/json/reader/reader-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/json/reader/reader-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-USING: arrays json.reader kernel multiline strings tools.test ;
+USING: arrays json.reader kernel multiline strings tools.test
+hashtables json ;
 IN: json.reader.tests
 
 { f } [ "false" json> ] unit-test
@@ -8,21 +9,35 @@ IN: json.reader.tests
 { 102 } [ "102" json> ] unit-test
 { -102 } [ "-102" json> ] unit-test
 { 102 } [ "+102" json> ] unit-test
+{ 1000.0 } [ "1.0e3" json> ] unit-test
+{ 1000.0 } [ "10e2" json> ] unit-test
 { 102.0 } [ "102.0" json> ] unit-test
 { 102.5 } [ "102.5" json> ] unit-test
 { 102.5 } [ "102.50" json> ] unit-test
 { -10250.0 } [ "-102.5e2" json> ] unit-test
 { -10250.0 } [ "-102.5E+2" json> ] unit-test
-{ 10+1/4 } [ "1025e-2" json> ] unit-test
+{ 10.25 } [ "1025e-2" json> ] unit-test
 { 0.125 } [ "0.125" json> ] unit-test
 { -0.125 } [ "-0.125" json> ] unit-test
 
+! not widely supported by javascript, but allowed in the grammar, and a nice
+! feature to get
+{ -0.0 } [ "-0.0" json> ] unit-test
+
 { " fuzzy  pickles " } [ <" " fuzzy  pickles " "> json> ] unit-test
 { "while 1:\n\tpass" } [ <" "while 1:\n\tpass" "> json> ] unit-test
+! unicode is allowed in json
+{ "ß∂¬ƒ˚∆" } [ <" "ß∂¬ƒ˚∆""> json> ] unit-test
 { 8 9 10 12 13 34 47 92 } >string 1array [ <" "\b\t\n\f\r\"\/\\" "> json> ] unit-test
 { HEX: abcd } >string 1array [ <" "\uaBCd" "> json> ] unit-test
 
+{ { } } [ "[]" json> ] unit-test 
 { { 1 "two" 3.0 } } [ <" [1, "two", 3.0] "> json> ] unit-test
+{ H{ } } [ "{}" json> ] unit-test
+
+! the returned hashtable should be different every time
+{ H{ } } [ "key" "value" "{}" json> ?set-at "{}" json> nip ] unit-test
+
 { H{ { "US$" 1.0 } { "EU€" 1.5 } } } [ <" { "US$":1.00, "EU\u20AC":1.50 } "> json> ] unit-test
 { H{
     { "fib" { 1 1 2 3 5 8 H{ { "etc" "etc" } } } }
@@ -40,4 +55,3 @@ IN: json.reader.tests
 { 0 } [ "      0" json> ] unit-test
 { 0 } [ "0      " json> ] unit-test
 { 0 } [ "   0   " json> ] unit-test
-
diff --git a/basis/json/reader/reader.factor b/basis/json/reader/reader.factor
index dd1ab8d5d8..0014ba1eb1 100644
--- a/basis/json/reader/reader.factor
+++ b/basis/json/reader/reader.factor
@@ -1,180 +1,61 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006 Chris Double.
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Peter Burns.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel parser-combinators namespaces make sequences promises strings 
-       assocs math math.parser math.vectors math.functions math.order
-       lists hashtables ascii accessors ;
+USING: kernel peg peg.ebnf math.parser math.private strings math
+math.functions sequences arrays vectors hashtables assocs
+prettyprint json ;
 IN: json.reader
 
+<PRIVATE
+
+: grammar-list>vector ( seq -- vec ) first2 values swap prefix ;
+
 ! Grammar for JSON from RFC 4627
+EBNF: (json>)
 
-SYMBOL: json-null
+ws = (" " | "\r" | "\t" | "\n")*
 
-: [<&>] ( quot -- quot )
-  { } make unclip [ <&> ] reduce ;
+true = "true" => [[ t ]]
+false = "false" => [[ f ]]
+null = "null" => [[ json-null ]]
 
-: [<|>] ( quot -- quot )
-  { } make unclip [ <|> ] reduce ;
+hex = [0-9a-fA-F]
+char = '\\"'  [[ CHAR: "  ]]
+     | "\\\\" [[ CHAR: \  ]]
+     | "\\/"  [[ CHAR: /  ]]
+     | "\\b"  [[ 8        ]]
+     | "\\f"  [[ 12       ]]
+     | "\\n"  [[ CHAR: \n ]]
+     | "\\r"  [[ CHAR: \r ]]
+     | "\\t"  [[ CHAR: \t ]]
+     | "\\u" (hex hex hex hex) [[ hex> ]] => [[ second ]]
+     | [^"\]
+string = '"' char*:cs '"' => [[ cs >string ]]
 
-LAZY: 'ws' ( -- parser )
-  " " token 
-  "\n" token <|>
-  "\r" token <|>
-  "\t" token <|> <*> ;
+sign = ("-" | "+")? => [[ "-" = "-" "" ? ]]
+digits = [0-9]+     => [[ >string ]]
+decimal = "." digits  => [[ concat ]]
+exp = ("e" | "E") sign digits => [[ concat ]]
+number = sign digits decimal? exp? => [[ dup concat swap fourth [ string>float ] [ string>number ] if ]]
 
-LAZY: spaced ( parser -- parser )
-  'ws' swap &> 'ws' <& ;
+elements = value ("," value)* => [[ grammar-list>vector ]]
+array = "[" elements?:arr "]" => [[ arr >array ]]
 
-LAZY: 'begin-array' ( -- parser )
-  "[" token spaced ;
+pair = ws string:key ws ":" value:val => [[ { key val } ]]
+members = pair ("," pair)* => [[ grammar-list>vector ]]
+object = "{" members?:hash "}" => [[ hash >hashtable ]]
 
-LAZY: 'begin-object' ( -- parser )
-  "{" token spaced ;
+val = true
+    | false
+    | null
+    | string
+    | number
+    | array
+    | object
 
-LAZY: 'end-array' ( -- parser )
-  "]" token spaced ;
+value = ws val:v ws => [[ v ]]
 
-LAZY: 'end-object' ( -- parser )
-  "}" token spaced ;
+;EBNF
 
-LAZY: 'name-separator' ( -- parser )
-  ":" token spaced ;
+PRIVATE>
 
-LAZY: 'value-separator' ( -- parser )
-  "," token spaced ;
-
-LAZY: 'false' ( -- parser )
-  "false" token [ drop f ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'null' ( -- parser )
-  "null" token [ drop json-null ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'true' ( -- parser )
-  "true" token [ drop t ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'quot' ( -- parser )
-  "\"" token ;
-
-LAZY: 'hex-digit' ( -- parser )
-  [ digit> ] satisfy [ digit> ] <@ ;
-
-: hex-digits>ch ( digits -- ch )
-    0 [ swap 16 * + ] reduce ;
-
-LAZY: 'string-char' ( -- parser )
-  [ quotable? ] satisfy
-  "\\b" token [ drop 8 ] <@ <|>
-  "\\t" token [ drop CHAR: \t ] <@ <|>
-  "\\n" token [ drop CHAR: \n ] <@ <|>
-  "\\f" token [ drop 12 ] <@ <|>
-  "\\r" token [ drop CHAR: \r ] <@ <|>
-  "\\\"" token [ drop CHAR: " ] <@ <|>
-  "\\/" token [ drop CHAR: / ] <@ <|>
-  "\\\\" token [ drop CHAR: \\ ] <@ <|>
-  "\\u" token 'hex-digit' 4 exactly-n &>
-  [ hex-digits>ch ] <@ <|> ;
-
-LAZY: 'string' ( -- parser )
-  'quot' 
-  'string-char' <*> &> 
-  'quot' <& [ >string ] <@  ;
-
-DEFER: 'value'
-
-LAZY: 'member' ( -- parser )
-  'string'
-  'name-separator' <&  
-  'value' <&> ;
-
-USE: prettyprint 
-LAZY: 'object' ( -- parser )
-  'begin-object' 
-  'member' 'value-separator' list-of &>
-  'end-object' <& [ >hashtable ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'array' ( -- parser )
-  'begin-array' 
-  'value' 'value-separator' list-of &>
-  'end-array' <&  ;
-  
-LAZY: 'minus' ( -- parser )
-  "-" token ;
-
-LAZY: 'plus' ( -- parser )
-  "+" token ;
-
-LAZY: 'sign' ( -- parser )
-  'minus' 'plus' <|> ;
-
-LAZY: 'zero' ( -- parser )
-  "0" token [ drop 0 ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'decimal-point' ( -- parser )
-  "." token ;
-
-LAZY: 'digit1-9' ( -- parser )
-  [ 
-    dup integer? [ 
-      CHAR: 1 CHAR: 9 between? 
-    ] [ 
-      drop f 
-    ] if 
-  ] satisfy [ digit> ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'digit0-9' ( -- parser )
-  [ digit? ] satisfy [ digit> ] <@ ;
-
-: decimal>integer ( seq -- num ) 10 digits>integer ;
-
-LAZY: 'int' ( -- parser )
-  'zero' 
-  'digit1-9' 'digit0-9' <*> <&:> [ decimal>integer ] <@ <|>  ;
-
-LAZY: 'e' ( -- parser )
-  "e" token "E" token <|> ;
-
-: sign-number ( pair -- number )
-  #! Pair is { minus? num }
-  #! Convert the json number value to a factor number
-  dup second swap first [ first "-" = [ -1 * ] when ] when* ;
-
-LAZY: 'exp' ( -- parser )
-    'e' 
-    'sign' <?> &>
-    'digit0-9' <+> [ decimal>integer ] <@ <&> [ sign-number ] <@ ;
-
-: sequence>frac ( seq -- num ) 
-  #! { 1 2 3 } => 0.123
-  reverse 0 [ swap 10 / + ] reduce 10 / >float ;
-
-LAZY: 'frac' ( -- parser )
-  'decimal-point' 'digit0-9' <+> &> [ sequence>frac ] <@ ;
-
-: raise-to-power ( pair -- num )
-  #! Pair is { num exp }.
-  #! Multiply 'num' by 10^exp
-  dup second dup [ 10 swap first ^ swap first * ] [ drop first ] if ;
-
-LAZY: 'number' ( -- parser )
-  'sign' <?>
-  [ 'int' , 'frac' 0 succeed <|> , ] [<&>] [ sum ] <@ 
-  'exp' <?> <&> [ raise-to-power ] <@ <&> [ sign-number ] <@ ;
-
-LAZY: 'value' ( -- parser )
-  [
-    'false' ,
-    'null' ,
-    'true' ,
-    'string' ,
-    'object' ,
-    'array' ,
-    'number' ,
-  ] [<|>] spaced ;
-ERROR: could-not-parse-json ;
-
-: json> ( string -- object )
-  #! Parse a json formatted string to a factor object
-  'value' parse dup nil? [ 
-      could-not-parse-json
-  ] [ 
-    car parsed>> 
-  ] if ;
+: json> ( string -- object ) (json>) ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/json/writer/writer-docs.factor b/basis/json/writer/writer-docs.factor
index 21aa8b2cb5..8512d80384 100644
--- a/basis/json/writer/writer-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/json/writer/writer-docs.factor
@@ -3,13 +3,19 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
 IN: json.writer
 
-HELP: >json "( obj -- string )"
+HELP: >json
 { $values { "obj" "an object" } { "string" "the object converted to JSON format" } }
 { $description "Serializes the object into a JSON formatted string." } 
 { $see-also json-print } ;
 
-HELP: json-print "( obj -- )"
+HELP: json-print
 { $values { "obj" "an object" } }
 { $description "Serializes the object into a JSON formatted string and outputs it to the standard output stream." } 
 { $see-also >json } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "json.writer" "JSON writer"
+"The " { $vocab-link "json.writer" } " vocabulary defines words for converting objects to JSON format."
+{ $subsection >json }
+{ $subsection json-print } ;
+
+ABOUT: "json.writer"
diff --git a/basis/json/writer/writer-tests.factor b/basis/json/writer/writer-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b6118c443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/json/writer/writer-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+USING: json.writer tools.test multiline json.reader json ;
+IN: json.writer.tests
+
+{ "false" } [ f >json ] unit-test
+{ "true" } [ t >json ] unit-test
+{ "null" } [ json-null >json ] unit-test
+{ "0" } [ 0 >json ] unit-test
+{ "102" } [ 102 >json ] unit-test
+{ "-102" } [ -102 >json ] unit-test
+{ "102.0" } [ 102.0 >json ] unit-test
+{ "102.5" } [ 102.5 >json ] unit-test
+
+{ "[1,\"two\",3.0]" } [ { 1 "two" 3.0 } >json ] unit-test
+{ <" {"US$":1.0,"EU€":1.5}"> } [ H{ { "US$" 1.0 } { "EU€" 1.5 } } >json ] unit-test
+
+! Random symbols are written simply as strings
+SYMBOL: testSymbol
+{ <" "testSymbol""> } [ testSymbol >json ] unit-test
+
+[ { 0.5 } ] [ { 1/2 } >json json> ] unit-test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/json/writer/writer.factor b/basis/json/writer/writer.factor
index a7efe7ad0f..79c7542dbb 100644
--- a/basis/json/writer/writer.factor
+++ b/basis/json/writer/writer.factor
@@ -1,47 +1,55 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006 Chris Double.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel io.streams.string io strings splitting sequences
-math math.parser assocs classes words namespaces make
-prettyprint hashtables mirrors tr ;
+USING: accessors kernel io.streams.string io strings splitting
+sequences math math.parser assocs classes words namespaces make
+prettyprint hashtables mirrors tr json ;
 IN: json.writer
 
 #! Writes the object out to a stream in JSON format
 GENERIC: json-print ( obj -- )
 
 : >json ( obj -- string )
-  #! Returns a string representing the factor object in JSON format
-  [ json-print ] with-string-writer ;
+    #! Returns a string representing the factor object in JSON format
+    [ json-print ] with-string-writer ;
 
 M: t json-print ( f -- )
   drop "true" write ;
 
 M: f json-print ( f -- )
-  drop "false" write ;
+    drop "false" write ;
+
+M: t json-print ( t -- )
+    drop "true" write ;
+
+M: json-null json-print ( null -- )
+    drop "null" write ;
 
 M: string json-print ( obj -- )
-  CHAR: " write1 "\"" split "\\\"" join CHAR: \r swap remove "\n" split "\\r\\n" join write CHAR: " write1 ;
+    CHAR: " write1 "\"" split "\\\"" join CHAR: \r swap remove "\n" split "\\r\\n" join write CHAR: " write1 ;
 
-M: number json-print ( num -- )  
-  number>string write ;
+M: integer json-print ( num -- )
+    number>string write ;
+
+M: real json-print ( num -- )
+    >float number>string write ;
 
 M: sequence json-print ( array -- ) 
-  CHAR: [ write1 [ >json ] map "," join write CHAR: ] write1 ;
+    CHAR: [ write1 [ >json ] map "," join write CHAR: ] write1 ;
 
 TR: jsvar-encode "-" "_" ;
   
 : tuple>fields ( object -- seq )
-  <mirror> [
-    [ swap jsvar-encode >json % " : " % >json % ] "" make
-  ] { } assoc>map ;
+    <mirror> [
+        [ swap jsvar-encode >json % " : " % >json % ] "" make
+    ] { } assoc>map ;
 
 M: tuple json-print ( tuple -- )
-  CHAR: { write1 tuple>fields "," join write CHAR: } write1 ;
+    CHAR: { write1 tuple>fields "," join write CHAR: } write1 ;
 
 M: hashtable json-print ( hashtable -- )
-  CHAR: { write1 
-  [ [ swap jsvar-encode >json % CHAR: : , >json % ] "" make ]
-  { } assoc>map "," join write 
-  CHAR: } write1 ;
+    CHAR: { write1 
+    [ [ swap jsvar-encode >json % CHAR: : , >json % ] "" make ]
+    { } assoc>map "," join write 
+    CHAR: } write1 ;
 
-M: object json-print ( object -- )
-    unparse json-print ;
+M: word json-print name>> json-print ;
diff --git a/basis/libc/libc-docs.factor b/basis/libc/libc-docs.factor
index 5e285bf26d..b89f4174bf 100644
--- a/basis/libc/libc-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/libc/libc-docs.factor
@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ HELP: free
 { $values { "alien" c-ptr } }
 { $description "Deallocates a block of memory allocated by " { $link malloc } ", " { $link calloc } " or " { $link realloc } "." } ;
 
-HELP: with-malloc
-{ $values { "size" "a positive integer" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( c-ptr -- )" } } }
-{ $description "Allocates a zeroed block of " { $snippet "n" } " bytes and passes it to the quotation. When the quotation returns, the block is freed." } ;
-
 HELP: &free
 { $values { "alien" c-ptr } }
 { $description "Marks the block of memory for unconditional deallocation at the end of the current " { $link with-destructors } " scope." } ;
diff --git a/basis/libc/libc.factor b/basis/libc/libc.factor
index cf4e2fb722..c4d351e6a0 100644
--- a/basis/libc/libc.factor
+++ b/basis/libc/libc.factor
@@ -87,9 +87,6 @@ PRIVATE>
 : memcpy ( dst src size -- )
     "void" "libc" "memcpy" { "void*" "void*" "ulong" } alien-invoke ;
 
-: with-malloc ( size quot -- )
-    swap 1 calloc [ swap keep ] [ free ] [ ] cleanup ; inline
-
 : strlen ( alien -- len )
     "size_t" "libc" "strlen" { "char*" } alien-invoke ;
 
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/authors.txt b/basis/linked-assocs/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35a4db1737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Slava Pestov
+James Cash
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-docs.factor b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fd42954aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+IN: linked-assocs
+USING: help.markup help.syntax assocs ;
+
+HELP: linked-assoc
+{ $class-description "The class of linked assocs. Linked assoc are implemented by combining an assoc with a dlist.  The assoc is used for lookup and retrieval of single values, while the dlist is used for getting lists of keys/values, which will be in insertion order." } ;
+
+HELP: <linked-assoc>
+{ $values { "exemplar" "an exemplar assoc" } { "assoc" linked-assoc } }
+{ $description "Creates an empty linked assoc backed by a new instance of the same type as the exemplar." } ;
+
+HELP: <linked-hash>
+{ $values { "assoc" linked-assoc } }
+{ $description "Creates an empty linked assoc backed by a hashtable." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "linked-assocs" "Linked assocs"
+"A " { $emphasis "linked assoc" } " is an assoc which combines an underlying assoc with a dlist to form a structure which has the insertion and retrieval characteristics of the underlying assoc (typically a hashtable), but with the ability to get the entries in insertion order by calling " { $link >alist } "."
+$nl
+"Linked assocs are implemented in the " { $vocab-link "linked-assocs" } " vocabulary."
+{ $subsection linked-assoc }
+{ $subsection <linked-hash> }
+{ $subsection <linked-assoc> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "linked-assocs"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-tests.factor b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a259ee59a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel sequences assocs tools.test linked-assocs math ;
+IN: linked-assocs.test
+
+{ { 1 2 3 } } [
+    <linked-hash> 1 "b" pick set-at
+                  2 "c" pick set-at
+                  3 "a" pick set-at
+    values
+] unit-test
+
+{ 2 t } [
+    <linked-hash> 1 "b" pick set-at
+                  2 "c" pick set-at
+                  3 "a" pick set-at
+    "c" swap at*
+] unit-test
+
+{ { 2 3 4 } { "c" "a" "d" } 3 } [
+    <linked-hash> 1 "a" pick set-at
+                  2 "c" pick set-at
+                  3 "a" pick set-at
+                  4 "d" pick set-at
+    [ values ] [ keys ] [ assoc-size ] tri
+] unit-test 
+
+{ f 1 } [
+    <linked-hash> 1 "c" pick set-at
+                  2 "b" pick set-at
+    "c" over delete-at
+    "c" over at swap assoc-size
+] unit-test 
+
+{ { } 0 } [
+    <linked-hash> 1 "a" pick set-at
+                  2 "c" pick set-at
+                  3 "a" pick set-at
+                  4 "d" pick set-at
+    dup clear-assoc [ keys ] [ assoc-size ] bi
+] unit-test
+
+{ { } { 1 2 3 } } [
+    <linked-hash> dup clone
+    1 "c" pick set-at
+    2 "q" pick set-at
+    3 "a" pick set-at
+    [ values ] bi@
+] unit-test
+
+{ 9 } [
+    <linked-hash>
+    { [ 3 * ] [ 1- ] }          "first"   pick set-at
+    { [ [ 1- ] bi@ ] [ 2 / ] }  "second"  pick set-at
+    4 6 pick values [ first call ] each
+    + swap values <reversed> [ second call ] each
+] unit-test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs.factor b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9f84fbbae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/linked-assocs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov, James Cash.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors assocs arrays kernel deques dlists sequences fry ;
+IN: linked-assocs
+
+TUPLE: linked-assoc assoc dlist ;
+
+: <linked-assoc> ( exemplar -- assoc )
+    0 swap new-assoc <dlist> linked-assoc boa ;
+
+: <linked-hash> ( -- assoc )
+    H{ } <linked-assoc> ;
+
+M: linked-assoc assoc-size assoc>> assoc-size ;
+
+M: linked-assoc at* assoc>> at* [ [ obj>> second ] when ] keep ;
+
+M: linked-assoc delete-at
+    [ [ assoc>> ] [ dlist>> ] bi [ at ] dip '[ _ delete-node ] when* ]
+    [ assoc>> delete-at ] 2bi ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+: add-to-dlist ( value key lassoc -- node )
+    [ swap 2array ] dip dlist>> push-back* ;
+PRIVATE>
+
+M: linked-assoc set-at
+    [ 2dup assoc>> key? [ 2dup delete-at ] when add-to-dlist ] 2keep
+    assoc>> set-at ;
+
+M: linked-assoc >alist
+    dlist>> dlist>seq ;
+
+M: linked-assoc clear-assoc
+    [ assoc>> clear-assoc ] [ dlist>> clear-deque ] bi ;
+
+M: linked-assoc clone 
+    [ assoc>> clone ] [ dlist>> clone ] bi
+    linked-assoc boa ;
+
+INSTANCE: linked-assoc assoc
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/summary.txt b/basis/linked-assocs/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54b0d14d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Assocs that yield items in insertion order
diff --git a/basis/linked-assocs/tags.txt b/basis/linked-assocs/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..031765c41b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/linked-assocs/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+assocs
diff --git a/basis/listener/listener-docs.factor b/basis/listener/listener-docs.factor
index beea9005b4..014e096b1d 100644
--- a/basis/listener/listener-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/listener/listener-docs.factor
@@ -1,34 +1,60 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel io system prettyprint ;
 IN: listener
 
+ARTICLE: "listener-watch" "Watching variables in the listener"
+"The listener prints the concepts of the data and retain stacks after every expression. It can also print values of dynamic variables which are added to a watch list:"
+{ $subsection visible-vars }
+"To add or remove a single variable:"
+{ $subsection show-var }
+{ $subsection hide-var }
+"To add and remove multiple variables:"
+{ $subsection show-vars }
+{ $subsection hide-vars }
+"Hiding all visible variables:"
+{ $subsection hide-all-vars } ;
+
+HELP: show-var
+{ $values { "var" "a variable name" } }
+{ $description "Adds a variable to the watch list; its value will be printed by the listener after every expression." } ;
+
+HELP: show-vars
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence of variable names" } }
+{ $description "Adds a sequence of variables to the watch list; their values will be printed by the listener after every expression." } ;
+
+HELP: hide-var
+{ $values { "var" "a variable name" } }
+{ $description "Removes a variable from the watch list." } ;
+
+HELP: hide-vars
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence of variable names" } }
+{ $description "Removes a sequence of variables from the watch list." } ;
+
+HELP: hide-all-vars
+{ $description "Removes all variables from the watch list." } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "listener" "The listener"
 "The listener evaluates Factor expressions read from a stream. The listener is the primary interface to the Factor runtime. Typically, you write Factor code in a text editor, then load it using the listener and test it."
 $nl
 "The classical first program can be run in the listener:"
 { $example "\"Hello, world\" print" "Hello, world" }
-"Multi-line phrases are supported:"
+"Multi-line expressions are supported:"
 { $example "{ 1 2 3 } [\n    .\n] each" "1\n2\n3" }
 "The listener knows when to expect more input by looking at the height of the stack. Parsing words such as " { $link POSTPONE: { } " leave elements on the parser stack, and corresponding words such as " { $link POSTPONE: } } " pop them."
-$nl
-"A very common operation is to inspect the contents of the data stack in the listener:"
-{ $subsection .s }
-"Note that calls to " { $link .s } " can also be included inside words as a debugging aid, however a more convenient way to achieve this is to use the annotation facility. See " { $link "tools.annotations" } "."
-$nl
+{ $subsection "listener-watch" }
 "You can start a nested listener or exit a listener using the following words:"
 { $subsection listener }
 { $subsection bye }
-"The following variables can be rebound inside a nested scope to customize the behavior of a listener; this can be done to create a development tool with a custom interaction loop:"
-{ $subsection listener-hook }
 "Finally, the multi-line expression reading word can be used independently of the rest of the listener:"
 { $subsection read-quot } ;
 
 ABOUT: "listener"
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 HELP: quit-flag
 { $var-description "Variable set to true by " { $link bye } " word; it forces the next iteration of the " { $link listener } " loop to end." } ;
 
-HELP: listener-hook
-{ $var-description "Variable holding a quotation called by the listener before reading an input expression. The UI sets this variable to a quotation which updates the stack display in a listener gadget." } ;
+PRIVATE>
 
 HELP: read-quot
 { $values { "quot/f" "a parsed quotation, or " { $link f } " indicating end of file" } }
diff --git a/basis/listener/listener.factor b/basis/listener/listener.factor
index feddbdc042..95ad264000 100644
--- a/basis/listener/listener.factor
+++ b/basis/listener/listener.factor
@@ -3,16 +3,10 @@
 USING: arrays hashtables io kernel math math.parser memory
 namespaces parser lexer sequences strings io.styles
 vectors words generic system combinators continuations debugger
-definitions compiler.units accessors colors ;
-
+definitions compiler.units accessors colors prettyprint fry
+sets ;
 IN: listener
 
-SYMBOL: quit-flag
-
-SYMBOL: listener-hook
-
-[ ] listener-hook set-global
-
 GENERIC: stream-read-quot ( stream -- quot/f )
 
 : parse-lines-interactive ( lines -- quot/f )
@@ -38,18 +32,65 @@ M: object stream-read-quot
 
 : read-quot ( -- quot/f ) input-stream get stream-read-quot ;
 
+<PRIVATE
+
+SYMBOL: quit-flag
+
+PRIVATE>
+
 : bye ( -- ) quit-flag on ;
 
-: prompt. ( -- )
-    "( " in get " )" 3append
-    H{ { background T{ rgba f 1 0.7 0.7 1 } } } format bl flush ;
+SYMBOL: visible-vars
+
+: show-var ( var -- ) visible-vars  [ swap suffix ] change ;
+
+: show-vars ( seq -- ) visible-vars [ swap union ] change ;
+
+: hide-var ( var -- ) visible-vars [ remove ] change ;
+
+: hide-vars ( seq -- ) visible-vars [ swap diff ] change ;
+
+: hide-all-vars ( -- ) visible-vars off ;
 
 SYMBOL: error-hook
 
 [ print-error-and-restarts ] error-hook set-global
 
+<PRIVATE
+
+: title. ( string -- )
+    H{ { foreground T{ rgba f 0.3 0.3 0.3 1 } } } format nl ;
+
+: visible-vars. ( -- )
+    visible-vars get [
+        nl "--- Watched variables:" title.
+        standard-table-style [
+            [
+                [
+                    [ [ short. ] with-cell ]
+                    [ [ get short. ] with-cell ]
+                    bi
+                ] with-row
+            ] each
+        ] tabular-output
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+SYMBOL: display-stacks?
+
+t display-stacks? set-global
+
+: stacks. ( -- )
+    display-stacks? get [
+        datastack [ nl "--- Data stack:" title. stack. ] unless-empty
+        retainstack [ nl "--- Retain stack:" title. stack. ] unless-empty
+    ] when ;
+
+: prompt. ( -- )
+    "( " in get auto-use? get [ " - auto" append ] when " )" 3append
+    H{ { background T{ rgba f 1 0.7 0.7 1 } } } format bl flush ;
+
 : listen ( -- )
-    listener-hook get call prompt.
+    visible-vars. stacks. prompt.
     [ read-quot [ [ error-hook get call ] recover ] [ bye ] if* ]
     [
         dup lexer-error? [
@@ -62,6 +103,8 @@ SYMBOL: error-hook
 : until-quit ( -- )
     quit-flag get [ quit-flag off ] [ listen until-quit ] if ;
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : listener ( -- )
     [ until-quit ] with-interactive-vocabs ;
 
diff --git a/basis/locals/backend/backend-tests.factor b/basis/locals/backend/backend-tests.factor
index 9352714509..ee714f7ef7 100644
--- a/basis/locals/backend/backend-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/locals/backend/backend-tests.factor
@@ -1,39 +1,14 @@
 IN: locals.backend.tests
 USING: tools.test locals.backend kernel arrays ;
 
-[ 3 ] [ 3 >r 1 get-local r> drop ] unit-test
-
-[ 4 ] [ 3 4 >r >r 2 get-local 2 drop-locals ] unit-test
-
-: get-local-test-1 ( -- x ) 3 >r 1 get-local r> drop ;
+: get-local-test-1 ( -- x ) 3 1 load-locals 0 get-local 1 drop-locals ;
 
 \ get-local-test-1 must-infer
 
 [ 3 ] [ get-local-test-1 ] unit-test
 
-: get-local-test-2 ( -- x ) 3 4 >r >r 2 get-local 2 drop-locals ;
+: get-local-test-2 ( -- x ) 3 4 2 load-locals -1 get-local 2 drop-locals ;
 
 \ get-local-test-2 must-infer
 
-[ 4 ] [ get-local-test-2 ] unit-test
-
-: get-local-test-3 ( -- a b ) 3 4 >r >r 2 get-local r> r> 2array ;
-
-\ get-local-test-3 must-infer
-
-[ 4 { 3 4 } ] [ get-local-test-3 ] unit-test
-
-: get-local-test-4 ( -- a b )
-    3 4 >r >r r> r> dup swap >r swap >r r> r> 2array ;
-
-\ get-local-test-4 must-infer
-
-[ 4 { 3 4 } ] [ get-local-test-4 ] unit-test
-
-[ 1 2 ] [ 1 2 2 load-locals r> r> ] unit-test
-
-: load-locals-test-1 ( -- a b ) 1 2 2 load-locals r> r> ;
-
-\ load-locals-test-1 must-infer
-
-[ 1 2 ] [ load-locals-test-1 ] unit-test
+[ 3 ] [ get-local-test-2 ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/locals/backend/backend.factor b/basis/locals/backend/backend.factor
index 0d9ee6a64e..ece5c1d200 100644
--- a/basis/locals/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/locals/backend/backend.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: math.private kernel slots.private sequences effects words ;
+USING: slots.private ;
 IN: locals.backend
 
-: load-locals ( n -- )
-    dup 0 eq? [ drop ] [ swap >r 1 fixnum-fast load-locals ] if ;
-
 : local-value 2 slot ; inline
 
 : set-local-value 2 set-slot ; inline
diff --git a/basis/locals/locals-docs.factor b/basis/locals/locals-docs.factor
index eb368936d4..89314aadc5 100644
--- a/basis/locals/locals-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/locals/locals-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: help.syntax help.markup kernel macros prettyprint
-memoize ;
+memoize combinators arrays generalizations ;
 IN: locals
 
 HELP: [|
@@ -84,6 +84,39 @@ HELP: MEMO::
 
 { POSTPONE: MEMO: POSTPONE: MEMO:: } related-words
 
+ARTICLE: "locals-literals" "Locals in array and hashtable literals"
+"Certain data type literals are permitted to contain free variables. Any such literals are written into code which constructs an instance of the type with the free variable values spliced in. Conceptually, this is similar to the transformation applied to quotations containing free variables."
+$nl
+"The data types which receive this special handling are the following:"
+{ $list
+    { $link "arrays" }
+    { $link "hashtables" }
+    { $link "vectors" }
+    { $link "tuples" }
+}
+"This feature changes the semantics of literal object identity. An ordinary word containing a literal pushes the same literal on the stack every time it is invoked:"
+{ $example
+    "IN: scratchpad"
+    "TUPLE: person first-name last-name ;"
+    ": ordinary-word-test ( -- tuple )"
+    "    T{ person { first-name \"Alan\" } { last-name \"Kay\" } } ;"
+    "ordinary-word-test ordinary-word-test eq? ."
+    "t"
+}
+"In a word with locals, literals expand into code which constructs the literal, and so every invocation pushes a new object:"
+{ $example
+    "IN: scratchpad"
+    "TUPLE: person first-name last-name ;"
+    ":: ordinary-word-test ( -- tuple )"
+    "    T{ person { first-name \"Alan\" } { last-name \"Kay\" } } ;"
+    "ordinary-word-test ordinary-word-test eq? ."
+    "f"
+}
+"One exception to the above rule is that array instances containing no free variables do retain identity. This allows macros such as " { $link cond } " to recognize that the array is constant and expand at compile-time."
+$nl
+"For example, here is an implementation of the " { $link 3array } " word which uses this feature:"
+{ $code ":: 3array ( x y z -- array ) { x y z } ;" } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "locals-mutable" "Mutable locals"
 "In the list of bindings supplied to " { $link POSTPONE: :: } ", " { $link POSTPONE: [let } ", " { $link POSTPONE: [let* } " or " { $link POSTPONE: [| } ", a mutable binding may be introduced by suffixing its named with " { $snippet "!" } ". Mutable bindings are read by giving their name as usual; the suffix is not part of the binding's name. To write to a mutable binding, use the binding's name with the " { $snippet "!" } " suffix."
 $nl
@@ -98,10 +131,40 @@ $nl
 $nl
 "Unlike some languages such as Python and Java, writing to mutable locals in outer scopes is fully supported and has the expected semantics." ;
 
-ARTICLE: "locals-limitations" "Limitations of locals"
-"The first limitation is that the " { $link >r } " and " { $link r> } " words may not be used together with locals. Instead, use the " { $link dip } " combinator."
+ARTICLE: "locals-fry" "Locals and fry"
+"Locals integrate with " { $link "fry" } " so that mixing locals with fried quotations gives intuitive results."
 $nl
-"Another limitation concerns combinators implemented as macros. Locals can only be used with such combinators if the input array immediately precedes the combinator call. For example, the following will work:"
+"Recall that the following two code snippets are equivalent:"
+{ $code "'[ sq _ + ]" }
+{ $code "[ [ sq ] dip + ] curry" }
+"The semantics of " { $link dip } " and " { $link curry } " are such that the first example behaves as if the top of the stack as ``inserted'' in the ``hole'' in the quotation's second element."
+$nl
+"Conceptually, " { $link curry } " is defined so that the following two code snippets are equivalent:"
+{ $code "3 [ - ] curry" }
+{ $code "[ 3 - ]" }
+"With lambdas, " { $link curry } " behaves differently. Rather than prepending an element, it fills in named parameters from right to left. The following two snippets are equivalent:"
+{ $code "3 [| a b | a b - ] curry" }
+{ $code "[| a | a 3 - ]" }
+"Because of this, the behavior of fry changes when applied to a lambda, to ensure that conceptually, fry behaves as with quotations. So the following snippets are no longer equivalent:"
+{ $code "'[ [| a | _ a - ] ]" }
+{ $code "'[ [| a | a - ] curry ] call" }
+"Instead, the first line above expands into something like the following:"
+{ $code "[ [ swap [| a | a - ] ] curry call ]" }
+"This ensures that the fried value appears ``underneath'' the local variable " { $snippet "a" } " when the quotation calls."
+$nl
+"The precise behavior is the following. When frying a lambda, a stack shuffle (" { $link mnswap } ") is prepended to the lambda so that the " { $snippet "m" } " curried values, which start off at the top of the stack, are transposed with the " { $snippet "n" } " inputs to the lambda." ;
+
+ARTICLE: "locals-limitations" "Limitations of locals"
+"There are two main limitations of the current locals implementation, and both concern macros."
+{ $heading "Macro expansions with free variables" }
+"The expansion of a macro cannot reference local variables bound in the outer scope. For example, the following macro is invalid:"
+{ $code "MACRO:: twice ( quot -- ) [ quot call quot call ] ;" }
+"The following is fine, though:"
+{ $code "MACRO:: twice ( quot -- ) quot quot '[ @ @ ] ;" }
+{ $heading "Static stack effect inference and macros" }
+"Recall that a macro will only expand at compile-time, and the word containing it will only get a static stack effect, if all inputs to the macro are literal. When locals are used, there is an additional restriction; the literals must immediately precede the macro call, lexically."
+$nl
+"For example, all of the following three examples are equivalent semantically, but only the first will have a static stack effect and compile with the optimizing compiler:"
 { $code
     ":: good-cond-usage ( a -- ... )"
     "    {"
@@ -110,7 +173,7 @@ $nl
     "        { [ a 0 = ] [ ... ] }"
     "    } cond ;"
 }
-"But not the following:"
+"The following two will not, and will run slower as a result:"
 { $code
     ": my-cond ( alist -- ) cond ; inline"
     ""
@@ -121,6 +184,14 @@ $nl
     "        { [ a 0 = ] [ ... ] }"
     "    } my-cond ;"
 }
+{ $code
+    ":: bad-cond-usage ( a -- ... )"
+    "    {"
+    "        { [ a 0 < ] [ ... ] }"
+    "        { [ a 0 > ] [ ... ] }"
+    "        { [ a 0 = ] [ ... ] }"
+    "    } swap swap cond ;"
+}
 "The reason is that locals are rewritten into stack code at parse time, whereas macro expansion is performed later during compile time. To circumvent this problem, the " { $vocab-link "macros.expander" } " vocabulary is used to rewrite simple macro usages prior to local transformation, however "{ $vocab-link "macros.expander" } " does not deal with more complicated cases where the literal inputs to the macro do not immediately precede the macro call in the source." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "locals" "Local variables and lexical closures"
@@ -139,7 +210,9 @@ $nl
 "Lambda abstractions:"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: [| }
 "Additional topics:"
+{ $subsection "locals-literals" }
 { $subsection "locals-mutable" }
+{ $subsection "locals-fry" }
 { $subsection "locals-limitations" }
 "Locals complement dynamically scoped variables implemented in the " { $vocab-link "namespaces" } " vocabulary." ;
 
diff --git a/basis/locals/locals-tests.factor b/basis/locals/locals-tests.factor
index 003ef459e3..f13c1d57fa 100644
--- a/basis/locals/locals-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/locals/locals-tests.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ USING: locals math sequences tools.test hashtables words kernel
 namespaces arrays strings prettyprint io.streams.string parser
 accessors generic eval combinators combinators.short-circuit
 combinators.short-circuit.smart math.order math.functions
-definitions compiler.units ;
+definitions compiler.units fry lexer ;
 IN: locals.tests
 
 :: foo ( a b -- a a ) a a ;
@@ -286,6 +286,8 @@ M:: sequence method-with-locals ( a -- y ) a reverse ;
         { [ a b > ] [ 5 ] }
     } cond ;
 
+\ cond-test must-infer
+
 [ 3 ] [ 1 2 cond-test ] unit-test
 [ 4 ] [ 2 2 cond-test ] unit-test
 [ 5 ] [ 3 2 cond-test ] unit-test
@@ -293,6 +295,8 @@ M:: sequence method-with-locals ( a -- y ) a reverse ;
 :: 0&&-test ( a -- ? )
     { [ a integer? ] [ a even? ] [ a 10 > ] } 0&& ;
 
+\ 0&&-test must-infer
+
 [ f ] [ 1.5 0&&-test ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ 3 0&&-test ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ 8 0&&-test ] unit-test
@@ -301,6 +305,8 @@ M:: sequence method-with-locals ( a -- y ) a reverse ;
 :: &&-test ( a -- ? )
     { [ a integer? ] [ a even? ] [ a 10 > ] } && ;
 
+\ &&-test must-infer
+
 [ f ] [ 1.5 &&-test ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ 3 &&-test ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ 8 &&-test ] unit-test
@@ -346,6 +352,9 @@ M:: sequence method-with-locals ( a -- y ) a reverse ;
 
 { 3 1 } [| from to seq | T{ slice f from to seq } ] must-infer-as
 
+ERROR: punned-class x ;
+
+[ T{ punned-class f 3 } ] [ 3 [| a | T{ punned-class f a } ] call ] unit-test
 
 :: literal-identity-test ( -- a b )
     { } V{ } ;
@@ -356,6 +365,10 @@ M:: sequence method-with-locals ( a -- y ) a reverse ;
     swapd [ eq? ] [ eq? ] 2bi*
 ] unit-test
 
+:: mutable-local-in-literal-test ( a! -- b ) a 1 + a! { a } ;
+
+[ { 4 } ] [ 3 mutable-local-in-literal-test ] unit-test
+
 :: compare-case ( obj1 obj2 lt-quot eq-quot gt-quot -- )
     obj1 obj2 <=> {
         { +lt+ [ lt-quot call ] }
@@ -385,14 +398,86 @@ M:: integer lambda-method-forget-test ( a -- b ) ;
 
 [ ] [ [ { integer lambda-method-forget-test } forget ] with-compilation-unit ] unit-test
 
-! :: wlet-&&-test ( a -- ? )
-!     [wlet | is-integer? [ a integer? ]
-!             is-even? [ a even? ]
-!             >10? [ a 10 > ] |
-!         { [ is-integer? ] [ is-even? ] [ >10? ] } &&
-!     ] ;
+[ 10 ] [ 10 [| A | { [ A ] } ] call first call ] unit-test
 
-! [ f ] [ 1.5 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
-! [ f ] [ 3 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
-! [ f ] [ 8 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
-! [ t ] [ 12 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
\ No newline at end of file
+[
+    "USING: locals fry math ; [ 0 '[ [let | A [ 10 ] | A _ + ] ] ]" eval
+] [ error>> >r/r>-in-fry-error? ] must-fail-with
+
+:: (funny-macro-test) ( obj quot -- ? ) obj { quot } 1&& ; inline
+: funny-macro-test ( n -- ? ) [ odd? ] (funny-macro-test) ;
+
+\ funny-macro-test must-infer
+
+[ t ] [ 3 funny-macro-test ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ 2 funny-macro-test ] unit-test
+
+! Some odd parser corner cases
+[ "USE: locals [let" eval ] [ error>> unexpected-eof? ] must-fail-with
+[ "USE: locals [let |" eval ] [ error>> unexpected-eof? ] must-fail-with
+[ "USE: locals [let | a" eval ] [ error>> unexpected-eof? ] must-fail-with
+[ "USE: locals [|" eval ] [ error>> unexpected-eof? ] must-fail-with
+
+[ 25 ] [ 5 [| a | { [ a sq ] } cond ] call ] unit-test
+[ 25 ] [ 5 [| | { [| a | a sq ] } ] call first call ] unit-test
+
+:: FAILdog-1 ( -- b ) { [| c | c ] } ;
+
+\ FAILdog-1 must-infer
+
+:: FAILdog-2 ( a -- b ) a { [| c | c ] } cond ;
+
+\ FAILdog-2 must-infer
+
+[ 3 ] [ 3 [| a | \ a ] call ] unit-test
+
+[ "USE: locals [| | { [let | a [ 0 ] | a ] } ]" eval ] must-fail
+
+[ "USE: locals [| | { [wlet | a [ 0 ] | a ] } ]" eval ] must-fail
+
+[ "USE: locals [| | { [let* | a [ 0 ] | a ] } ]" eval ] must-fail
+
+[ "USE: locals [| | [let | a! [ 0 ] | { a! } ] ]" eval ] must-fail
+
+[ "USE: locals [| | [wlet | a [ 0 ] | { a } ] ]" eval ] must-fail
+
+:: wlet-&&-test ( a -- ? )
+    [wlet | is-integer? [ a integer? ]
+            is-even? [ a even? ]
+            >10? [ a 10 > ] |
+        { [ is-integer? ] [ is-even? ] [ >10? ] } &&
+    ] ;
+
+\ wlet-&&-test must-infer
+[ f ] [ 1.5 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ 3 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ 8 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ 12 wlet-&&-test ] unit-test
+
+: fry-locals-test-1 ( -- n )
+    [let | | 6 '[ [let | A [ 4 ] | A _ + ] ] call ] ;
+
+\ fry-locals-test-1 must-infer
+[ 10 ] [ fry-locals-test-1 ] unit-test
+
+:: fry-locals-test-2 ( -- n )
+    [let | | 6 '[ [let | A [ 4 ] | A _ + ] ] call ] ;
+
+\ fry-locals-test-2 must-infer
+[ 10 ] [ fry-locals-test-2 ] unit-test
+
+[ 1 ] [ 3 4 [| | '[ [ _ swap - ] call ] call ] call ] unit-test
+[ -1 ] [ 3 4 [| | [| a | a - ] call ] call ] unit-test
+[ -1 ] [ 3 4 [| | [| a | a - ] curry call ] call ] unit-test
+[ -1 ] [ 3 4 [| a | a - ] curry call ] unit-test
+[ 1 ] [ 3 4 [| | '[ [| a | _ a - ] call ] call ] call ] unit-test
+[ -1 ] [ 3 4 [| | '[ [| a | a _ - ] call ] call ] call ] unit-test
+
+[ { 1 2 3 4 } ] [
+    1 3 2 4
+    [| | '[ [| a b | a _ b _ 4array ] call ] call ] call
+] unit-test
+
+[ 10 ] [
+    [| | 0 '[ [let | A [ 10 ] | A _ + ] ] call ] call
+] unit-test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/locals/locals.factor b/basis/locals/locals.factor
index c588269284..b78b95bc24 100644
--- a/basis/locals/locals.factor
+++ b/basis/locals/locals.factor
@@ -6,12 +6,35 @@ quotations debugger macros arrays macros splitting combinators
 prettyprint.backend definitions prettyprint hashtables
 prettyprint.sections sets sequences.private effects
 effects.parser generic generic.parser compiler.units accessors
-locals.backend memoize macros.expander lexer classes
-stack-checker.known-words ;
+locals.backend memoize macros.expander lexer classes summary fry
+fry.private ;
 IN: locals
 
-! Inspired by
-! http://cat-language.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/CatPointFreeForm.cs
+ERROR: >r/r>-in-lambda-error ;
+
+M: >r/r>-in-lambda-error summary
+    drop
+    "Explicit retain stack manipulation is not permitted in lambda bodies" ;
+
+ERROR: binding-form-in-literal-error ;
+
+M: binding-form-in-literal-error summary
+    drop "[let, [let* and [wlet not permitted inside literals" ;
+
+ERROR: local-writer-in-literal-error ;
+
+M: local-writer-in-literal-error summary
+    drop "Local writer words not permitted inside literals" ;
+
+ERROR: local-word-in-literal-error ;
+
+M: local-word-in-literal-error summary
+    drop "Local words not permitted inside literals" ;
+
+ERROR: bad-lambda-rewrite output ;
+
+M: bad-lambda-rewrite summary
+    drop "You have found a bug in locals. Please report." ;
 
 <PRIVATE
 
@@ -49,8 +72,7 @@ PREDICATE: local < word "local?" word-prop ;
 : <local> ( name -- word )
     #! Create a local variable identifier
     f <word>
-    dup t "local?" set-word-prop
-    dup { } { object } define-primitive ;
+    dup t "local?" set-word-prop ;
 
 PREDICATE: local-word < word "local-word?" word-prop ;
 
@@ -61,14 +83,12 @@ PREDICATE: local-reader < word "local-reader?" word-prop ;
 
 : <local-reader> ( name -- word )
     f <word>
-    dup t "local-reader?" set-word-prop
-    dup { } { object } define-primitive ;
+    dup t "local-reader?" set-word-prop ;
 
 PREDICATE: local-writer < word "local-writer?" word-prop ;
 
 : <local-writer> ( reader -- word )
     dup name>> "!" append f <word> {
-        [ nip { object } { } define-primitive ]
         [ nip t "local-writer?" set-word-prop ]
         [ swap "local-reader" set-word-prop ]
         [ "local-writer" set-word-prop ]
@@ -83,60 +103,53 @@ C: <quote> quote
     [ dup quote? [ local>> ] when eq? ] with find drop ;
 
 : read-local-quot ( obj args -- quot )
-    local-index 1+ [ get-local ] curry ;
+    local-index neg [ get-local ] curry ;
 
-: localize-writer ( obj args -- quot )
-    >r "local-reader" word-prop r>
+GENERIC# localize 1 ( obj args -- quot )
+
+M: local localize read-local-quot ;
+
+M: quote localize [ local>> ] dip read-local-quot ;
+
+M: local-word localize read-local-quot [ call ] append ;
+
+M: local-reader localize read-local-quot [ local-value ] append ;
+
+M: local-writer localize
+    [ "local-reader" word-prop ] dip
     read-local-quot [ set-local-value ] append ;
 
-: localize ( obj args -- quot )
-    {
-        { [ over local? ]        [ read-local-quot ] }
-        { [ over quote? ]        [ >r local>> r> read-local-quot ] }
-        { [ over local-word? ]   [ read-local-quot [ call ] append ] }
-        { [ over local-reader? ] [ read-local-quot [ local-value ] append ] }
-        { [ over local-writer? ] [ localize-writer ] }
-        { [ over \ lambda eq? ]  [ 2drop [ ] ] }
-        { [ t ]                  [ drop 1quotation ] }
-    } cond ;
+M: object localize drop 1quotation ;
 
 UNION: special local quote local-word local-reader local-writer ;
 
 : load-locals-quot ( args -- quot )
-    [
-        [ ]
-    ] [
+    [ [ ] ] [
         dup [ local-reader? ] contains? [
-            <reversed> [
-                local-reader? [ 1array >r ] [ >r ] ?
-            ] map concat
-        ] [
-            length [ load-locals ] curry >quotation
-        ] if
+            dup [ local-reader? [ 1array ] [ ] ? ] map spread>quot
+        ] [ [ ] ] if swap length [ load-locals ] curry append
     ] if-empty ;
 
 : drop-locals-quot ( args -- quot )
     [ [ ] ] [ length [ drop-locals ] curry ] if-empty ;
 
 : point-free-body ( quot args -- newquot )
-    >r but-last-slice r> [ localize ] curry map concat ;
+    [ but-last-slice ] dip '[ _ localize ] map concat ;
 
 : point-free-end ( quot args -- newquot )
     over peek special?
-    [ dup drop-locals-quot >r >r peek r> localize r> append ]
-    [ dup drop-locals-quot nip swap peek suffix ]
+    [ dup drop-locals-quot [ [ peek ] dip localize ] dip append ]
+    [ drop-locals-quot swap peek suffix ]
     if ;
 
 : (point-free) ( quot args -- newquot )
     [ nip load-locals-quot ]
-    [ point-free-body ]
-    [ point-free-end ]
-    2tri 3append >quotation ;
+    [ reverse point-free-body ]
+    [ reverse point-free-end ]
+    2tri [ ] 3append-as ;
 
 : point-free ( quot args -- newquot )
-    over empty?
-    [ nip length \ drop <repetition> >quotation ]
-    [ (point-free) ] if ;
+    over empty? [ nip length '[ _ ndrop ] ] [ (point-free) ] if ;
 
 UNION: lexical local local-reader local-writer local-word ;
 
@@ -145,20 +158,17 @@ GENERIC: free-vars* ( form -- )
 : free-vars ( form -- vars )
     [ free-vars* ] { } make prune ;
 
-: add-if-free ( object -- )
-    {
-        { [ dup local-writer? ] [ "local-reader" word-prop , ] }
-        { [ dup lexical? ] [ , ] }
-        { [ dup quote? ] [ local>> , ] }
-        { [ t ] [ free-vars* ] }
-    } cond ;
+M: local-writer free-vars* "local-reader" word-prop , ;
+
+M: lexical free-vars* , ;
+
+M: quote free-vars* , ;
 
 M: object free-vars* drop ;
 
-M: quotation free-vars* [ add-if-free ] each ;
+M: quotation free-vars* [ free-vars* ] each ;
 
-M: lambda free-vars*
-    [ vars>> ] [ body>> ] bi free-vars swap diff % ;
+M: lambda free-vars* [ vars>> ] [ body>> ] bi free-vars swap diff % ;
 
 GENERIC: lambda-rewrite* ( obj -- )
 
@@ -205,6 +215,10 @@ M: special rewrite-literal? drop t ;
 
 M: array rewrite-literal? [ rewrite-literal? ] contains? ;
 
+M: quotation rewrite-literal? [ rewrite-literal? ] contains? ;
+
+M: wrapper rewrite-literal? drop t ;
+
 M: hashtable rewrite-literal? drop t ;
 
 M: vector rewrite-literal? drop t ;
@@ -219,7 +233,7 @@ GENERIC: rewrite-element ( obj -- )
     [ rewrite-element ] each ;
 
 : rewrite-sequence ( seq -- )
-    [ rewrite-elements ] [ length , ] [ , ] tri \ nsequence , ;
+    [ rewrite-elements ] [ length , ] [ 0 head , ] tri \ nsequence , ;
 
 M: array rewrite-element
     dup rewrite-literal? [ rewrite-sequence ] [ , ] if ;
@@ -229,12 +243,29 @@ M: vector rewrite-element rewrite-sequence ;
 M: hashtable rewrite-element >alist rewrite-sequence \ >hashtable , ;
 
 M: tuple rewrite-element
-    [ tuple-slots rewrite-elements ] [ class , ] bi \ boa , ;
+    [ tuple-slots rewrite-elements ] [ class literalize , ] bi \ boa , ;
+
+M: quotation rewrite-element local-rewrite* ;
+
+M: lambda rewrite-element local-rewrite* ;
+
+M: binding-form rewrite-element binding-form-in-literal-error ;
 
 M: local rewrite-element , ;
 
+M: local-reader rewrite-element , ;
+
+M: local-writer rewrite-element
+    local-writer-in-literal-error ;
+
+M: local-word rewrite-element
+    local-word-in-literal-error ;
+
 M: word rewrite-element literalize , ;
 
+M: wrapper rewrite-element
+    dup rewrite-literal? [ wrapped>> rewrite-element ] [ , ] if ;
+
 M: object rewrite-element , ;
 
 M: array local-rewrite* rewrite-element ;
@@ -245,6 +276,12 @@ M: tuple local-rewrite* rewrite-element ;
 
 M: hashtable local-rewrite* rewrite-element ;
 
+M: wrapper local-rewrite* rewrite-element ;
+
+M: word local-rewrite*
+    dup { >r r> load-locals get-local drop-locals } memq?
+    [ >r/r>-in-lambda-error ] [ call-next-method ] if ;
+
 M: object lambda-rewrite* , ;
 
 M: object local-rewrite* , ;
@@ -259,8 +296,9 @@ M: object local-rewrite* , ;
 : make-locals ( seq -- words assoc )
     [ [ make-local ] map ] H{ } make-assoc ;
 
-: make-local-word ( name -- word )
-    <local-word> dup dup name>> set ;
+: make-local-word ( name def -- word )
+    [ <local-word> [ dup name>> set ] [ ] [ ] tri ] dip
+    "local-word-def" set-word-prop ;
 
 : push-locals ( assoc -- )
     use get push ;
@@ -278,29 +316,26 @@ SYMBOL: in-lambda?
     "|" parse-tokens make-locals dup push-locals
     \ ] (parse-lambda) <lambda> ;
 
-: parse-binding ( -- pair/f )
-    scan dup "|" = [
-        drop f
-    ] [
-        scan {
-            { "[" [ \ ] parse-until >quotation ] }
-            { "[|" [ parse-lambda ] }
-        } case 2array
-    ] if ;
+: parse-binding ( end -- pair/f )
+    scan {
+        { [ dup not ] [ unexpected-eof ] }
+        { [ 2dup = ] [ 2drop f ] }
+        [ nip scan-object 2array ]
+    } cond ;
 
-: (parse-bindings) ( -- )
-    parse-binding [
-        first2 >r make-local r> 2array ,
+: (parse-bindings) ( end -- )
+    dup parse-binding dup [
+        first2 [ make-local ] dip 2array ,
         (parse-bindings)
-    ] when* ;
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
-: parse-bindings ( -- bindings vars )
+: parse-bindings ( end -- bindings vars )
     [
         [ (parse-bindings) ] H{ } make-assoc
         dup push-locals
     ] { } make swap ;
 
-: parse-bindings* ( -- words assoc )
+: parse-bindings* ( end -- words assoc )
     [
         [
             namespace push-locals
@@ -309,13 +344,13 @@ SYMBOL: in-lambda?
         ] { } make-assoc
     ] { } make swap ;
 
-: (parse-wbindings) ( -- )
-    parse-binding [
-        first2 >r make-local-word r> 2array ,
+: (parse-wbindings) ( end -- )
+    dup parse-binding dup [
+        first2 [ make-local-word ] keep 2array ,
         (parse-wbindings)
-    ] when* ;
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
-: parse-wbindings ( -- bindings vars )
+: parse-wbindings ( end -- bindings vars )
     [
         [ (parse-wbindings) ] H{ } make-assoc
         dup push-locals
@@ -323,7 +358,7 @@ SYMBOL: in-lambda?
 
 : let-rewrite ( body bindings -- )
     <reversed> [
-        >r 1array r> spin <lambda> [ call ] curry compose
+        [ 1array ] dip spin <lambda> '[ @ @ ]
     ] assoc-each local-rewrite* \ call , ;
 
 M: let local-rewrite*
@@ -334,18 +369,18 @@ M: let* local-rewrite*
 
 M: wlet local-rewrite*
     [ body>> ] [ bindings>> ] bi
-    [ [ ] curry ] assoc-map
+    [ '[ _ ] ] assoc-map
     let-rewrite ;
 
 : parse-locals ( -- vars assoc )
-    ")" parse-effect
+    "(" expect ")" parse-effect
     word [ over "declared-effect" set-word-prop ] when*
     in>> [ dup pair? [ first ] when ] map make-locals dup push-locals ;
 
 : parse-locals-definition ( word -- word quot )
-    scan "(" assert= parse-locals \ ; (parse-lambda) <lambda>
+    parse-locals \ ; (parse-lambda) <lambda>
     2dup "lambda" set-word-prop
-    lambda-rewrite first ;
+    lambda-rewrite dup length 1 = [ first ] [ bad-lambda-rewrite ] if ;
 
 : (::) ( -- word def ) CREATE-WORD parse-locals-definition ;
 
@@ -361,15 +396,15 @@ PRIVATE>
 : [| parse-lambda parsed-lambda ; parsing
 
 : [let
-    scan "|" assert= parse-bindings
+    "|" expect "|" parse-bindings
     \ ] (parse-lambda) <let> parsed-lambda ; parsing
 
 : [let*
-    scan "|" assert= parse-bindings*
+    "|" expect "|" parse-bindings*
     \ ] (parse-lambda) <let*> parsed-lambda ; parsing
 
 : [wlet
-    scan "|" assert= parse-wbindings
+    "|" expect "|" parse-wbindings
     \ ] (parse-lambda) <wlet> parsed-lambda ; parsing
 
 : :: (::) define ; parsing
@@ -409,7 +444,7 @@ M: lambda pprint*
     \ | pprint-word
     t <inset
     <block
-    [ <block >r pprint-var r> pprint* block> ] assoc-each
+    [ <block [ pprint-var ] dip pprint* block> ] assoc-each
     block>
     \ | pprint-word
     <block pprint-elements block>
@@ -475,3 +510,15 @@ M: lambda-method synopsis*
     method-stack-effect effect>string comment. ;
 
 PRIVATE>
+
+! Locals and fry
+M: binding-form count-inputs body>> count-inputs ;
+
+M: lambda count-inputs body>> count-inputs ;
+
+M: lambda deep-fry
+    clone [ shallow-fry swap ] change-body
+    [ [ vars>> length ] keep '[ _ _ mnswap @ ] , ] [ drop [ncurry] % ] 2bi ;
+
+M: binding-form deep-fry
+    clone [ fry '[ @ call ] ] change-body , ;
diff --git a/basis/logging/analysis/analysis.factor b/basis/logging/analysis/analysis.factor
index 1e1e31c501..d84e49f784 100644
--- a/basis/logging/analysis/analysis.factor
+++ b/basis/logging/analysis/analysis.factor
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ SYMBOL: message-histogram
 
 : histogram. ( assoc quot -- )
     standard-table-style [
-        >r >alist sort-values <reversed> r> [
-            [ >r swap r> with-cell pprint-cell ] with-row
+        [ >alist sort-values <reversed> ] dip [
+            [ swapd with-cell pprint-cell ] with-row
         ] curry assoc-each
     ] tabular-output ;
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ SYMBOL: message-histogram
     errors. ;
 
 : analyze-log ( lines word-names -- )
-    >r parse-log r> analyze-entries analysis. ;
+    [ parse-log ] dip analyze-entries analysis. ;
 
 : analyze-log-file ( service word-names -- )
-    >r parse-log-file r> analyze-entries analysis. ;
+    [ parse-log-file ] dip analyze-entries analysis. ;
diff --git a/basis/logging/logging-docs.factor b/basis/logging/logging-docs.factor
index 7c14cae78e..275d900f3d 100644
--- a/basis/logging/logging-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/logging/logging-docs.factor
@@ -117,7 +117,6 @@ ARTICLE: "logging" "Logging framework"
 { $subsection "logging.rotation" }
 { $subsection "logging.parser" }
 { $subsection "logging.analysis" }
-{ $subsection "logging.insomniac" }
 { $subsection "logging.server" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "logging"
diff --git a/basis/logging/logging.factor b/basis/logging/logging.factor
index ae9ef877dd..47de880559 100644
--- a/basis/logging/logging.factor
+++ b/basis/logging/logging.factor
@@ -123,4 +123,3 @@ USE: vocabs.loader
 
 "logging.parser" require
 "logging.analysis" require
-"logging.insomniac" require
diff --git a/basis/macros/expander/expander.factor b/basis/macros/expander/expander.factor
index c2fceffae6..cdd2b49d9c 100644
--- a/basis/macros/expander/expander.factor
+++ b/basis/macros/expander/expander.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences sequences.private namespaces make
 quotations accessors words continuations vectors effects math
-generalizations stack-checker.transforms fry ;
+generalizations fry ;
 IN: macros.expander
 
 GENERIC: expand-macros ( quot -- quot' )
@@ -37,9 +37,17 @@ M: wrapper expand-macros* wrapped>> literal ;
         [ '[ _ ndrop _ nnip call ] [ ] like ] 2map , \ dispatch ,
     ] bi ;
 
-: expand-macro ( quot -- )
-    stack [ swap with-datastack >vector ] change
-    stack get pop >quotation end (expand-macros) ;
+: word, ( word -- ) end , ;
+
+: expand-macro ( word quot -- )
+    '[
+        drop
+        stack [ _ with-datastack >vector ] change
+        stack get pop >quotation end (expand-macros)
+    ] [
+        drop
+        word,
+    ] recover ;
 
 : expand-macro? ( word -- quot ? )
     dup [ "transform-quot" word-prop ] [ "macro" word-prop ] bi or dup [
@@ -47,11 +55,9 @@ M: wrapper expand-macros* wrapped>> literal ;
         stack get length <=
     ] [ 2drop f f ] if ;
 
-: word, ( word -- ) end , ;
-
 M: word expand-macros*
     dup expand-dispatch? [ drop expand-dispatch ] [
-        dup expand-macro? [ nip expand-macro ] [
+        dup expand-macro? [ expand-macro ] [
             drop word,
         ] if
     ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/macros/macros.factor b/basis/macros/macros.factor
index 0a6621f044..1481e6eea5 100644
--- a/basis/macros/macros.factor
+++ b/basis/macros/macros.factor
@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: parser kernel sequences words effects
-stack-checker.transforms combinators assocs definitions
-quotations namespaces memoize accessors ;
+USING: parser kernel sequences words effects combinators assocs
+definitions quotations namespaces memoize accessors ;
 IN: macros
 
 : real-macro-effect ( word -- effect' )
     "declared-effect" word-prop in>> 1 <effect> ;
 
 : define-macro ( word definition -- )
-    over "declared-effect" word-prop in>> length >r
-    2dup "macro" set-word-prop
-    2dup over real-macro-effect memoize-quot [ call ] append define
-    r> define-transform ;
+    [ "macro" set-word-prop ]
+    [ over real-macro-effect memoize-quot [ call ] append define ]
+    2bi ;
 
-: MACRO:
-    (:) define-macro ; parsing
+: MACRO: (:) define-macro ; parsing
 
 PREDICATE: macro < word "macro" word-prop >boolean ;
 
@@ -25,9 +22,3 @@ M: macro definition "macro" word-prop ;
 
 M: macro reset-word
     [ call-next-method ] [ f "macro" set-word-prop ] bi ;
-
-: n*quot ( n seq -- seq' ) <repetition> concat >quotation ;
-
-: saver ( n -- quot ) \ >r <repetition> >quotation ;
-
-: restorer ( n -- quot ) \ r> <repetition> >quotation ;
diff --git a/basis/match/match.factor b/basis/match/match.factor
index c546555d07..7d393dadc9 100644
--- a/basis/match/match.factor
+++ b/basis/match/match.factor
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ MACRO: match-cond ( assoc -- )
     2dup [ length ] bi@ < [ 2drop f f ]
     [
         2dup length head over match
-        [ nip swap ?1-tail ] [ >r rest r> (match-first) ] if*
+        [ nip swap ?1-tail ] [ [ rest ] dip (match-first) ] if*
     ] if ;
     
 : match-first ( seq pattern-seq -- bindings )
diff --git a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-docs.factor b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-docs.factor
index 247523369b..18ae8e1497 100644
--- a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-docs.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax math ;
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: help.markup help.syntax math sequences ;
 IN: math.bitwise
 
-ARTICLE: "math-bitfields" "Constructing bit fields"
-"Some applications, such as binary communication protocols and assemblers, need to construct integers from elaborate bit field specifications. Hand-coding this using " { $link shift } " and " { $link bitor } " results in repetitive code. A higher-level facility exists to factor out this repetition:"
-{ $subsection bitfield } ;
-
-ABOUT: "math-bitfields"
-
 HELP: bitfield
 { $values { "values..." "a series of objects" } { "bitspec" "an array" } { "n" integer } }
 { $description "Constructs an integer from a series of values on the stack together with a bit field specifier, which is an array whose elements have one of the following shapes:"
@@ -42,9 +38,325 @@ HELP: bits
 { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;" "HEX: 123abcdef 16 bits .h" "cdef" } ;
 
 HELP: bitroll
-{ $values { "x" "an integer (input)" } { "s" "an integer (shift)" } { "w" "an integer (wrap)" } { "y" integer } }
+{ $values { "x" integer } { "s" "a shift integer" } { "w" "a wrap integer" } { "y" integer }
+}
 { $description "Roll n by s bits to the left, wrapping around after w bits." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;" "1 -1 32 bitroll .b" "10000000000000000000000000000000" }
     { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;" "HEX: ffff0000 8 32 bitroll .h" "ff0000ff" }
 } ;
+
+HELP: bit-clear?
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "Returns " { $link t } " if the nth bit is set to zero." }
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: ff 8 bit-clear? ."
+               "t"
+    }
+    { $example "" "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: ff 7 bit-clear? ."
+               "f"
+    }
+} ;
+
+{ bit? bit-clear? set-bit clear-bit } related-words
+
+HELP: bit-count
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer }
+     { "n" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Returns the number of set bits as an integer." }
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: f0 bit-count ."
+               "4"
+    }
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "-7 bit-count ."
+               "2"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: bitroll-32
+{ $values
+     { "n" integer } { "s" integer }
+     { "n'" integer }
+}     
+{ $description "Rolls the number " { $snippet "n" } " by " { $snippet "s" } " bits to the left, wrapping around after 32 bits." }
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: 1 10 bitroll-32 .h"
+               "400"
+    }
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: 1 -10 bitroll-32 .h"
+               "400000"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: bitroll-64
+{ $values
+     { "n" integer } { "s" "a shift integer" }
+     { "n'" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Rolls the number " { $snippet "n" } " by " { $snippet "s" } " bits to the left, wrapping around after 64 bits." }
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: 1 10 bitroll-64 .h"
+               "400"
+    }
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+               "HEX: 1 -10 bitroll-64 .h"
+               "40000000000000"
+    }
+} ;
+
+{ bitroll bitroll-32 bitroll-64 } related-words
+
+HELP: clear-bit
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "y" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Sets the nth bit of " { $snippet "x" } " to zero." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ff 7 clear-bit .h"
+        "7f"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: flags
+{ $values
+     { "values" sequence }
+}
+{ $description "Constructs a constant flag value from a sequence of integers or words that output integers. The resulting constant is computed at compile-time, which makes this word as efficient as using a literal integer." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "IN: scratchpad"
+        ": MY-CONSTANT HEX: 1 ; inline"
+        "{ HEX: 20 MY-CONSTANT BIN: 100 } flags .h"
+        "25"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: mask
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "After the operation, only the bits that were set in both the mask and the original number are set." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "BIN: 11111111 BIN: 101 mask .b"
+        "101"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: mask-bit
+{ $values
+     { "m" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "m'" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Turns off all bits besides the nth bit." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ff 2 mask-bit .b"
+        "100"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: mask?
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "Returns true if all of the bits in the mask " { $snippet "n" } " are set in the integer input " { $snippet "x" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ff HEX: f mask? ."
+        "t"
+    }
+
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: f0 HEX: 1 mask? ."
+        "f"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: on-bits
+{ $values
+     { "n" integer }
+     { "m" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Returns an integer with " { $snippet "n" } " bits set." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "6 on-bits .h"
+        "3f"
+    }
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "64 on-bits .h"
+        "ffffffffffffffff"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: toggle-bit
+{ $values
+     { "m" integer }
+     { "n" integer }
+     { "m'" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Toggles the nth bit of an integer." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "0 3 toggle-bit .b"
+        "1000"
+    }
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "BIN: 1000 3 toggle-bit .b"
+        "0"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: set-bit
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "y" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Sets the nth bit of " { $snippet "x" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "0 5 set-bit .h"
+        "20"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: shift-mod
+{ $values
+     { "n" integer } { "s" integer } { "w" integer }
+     { "n" integer }
+}
+{ $description "" } ;
+
+HELP: unmask
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "Clears the bits in " { $snippet "x" } " if they are set in the mask " { $snippet "n" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ff  HEX: 0f unmask .h"
+        "f0"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: unmask?
+{ $values
+     { "x" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "?" "a boolean" }
+}
+{ $description "Tests whether unmasking the bits in " { $snippet "x" } " would return an integer greater than zero." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ff  HEX: 0f unmask? ."
+        "t"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: w*
+{ $values
+     { "int" integer } { "int" integer }
+     { "int" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Multiplies two integers and wraps the result to 32 bits." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ffffffff HEX: 2 w* ."
+        "4294967294"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: w+
+{ $values
+     { "int" integer } { "int" integer }
+     { "int" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Adds two integers and wraps the result to 32 bits." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ffffffff HEX: 2 w+ ."
+        "1"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: w-
+{ $values
+     { "int" integer } { "int" integer }
+     { "int" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Subtracts two integers and wraps the result to 32 bits." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math.bitwise kernel prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: 0 HEX: ff w- ."
+        "4294967041"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: wrap
+{ $values
+     { "m" integer } { "n" integer }
+     { "m'" integer }
+}
+{ $description "Wraps an integer " { $snippet "m" } " by modding it by " { $snippet "n" } ". This word is uses bitwise arithmetic and does not actually call the modulus word, and as such can only mod by powers of two." }
+{ $examples "Equivalent to modding by 8:"
+    { $example 
+        "USING: math.bitwise prettyprint ;"
+        "HEX: ffff 8 wrap .h"
+        "7"
+    }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "math-bitfields" "Constructing bit fields"
+"Some applications, such as binary communication protocols and assemblers, need to construct integers from elaborate bit field specifications. Hand-coding this using " { $link shift } " and " { $link bitor } " results in repetitive code. A higher-level facility exists to factor out this repetition:"
+{ $subsection bitfield } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "math.bitwise" "Additional bitwise arithmetic"
+"The " { $vocab-link "math.bitwise" } " vocabulary provides bitwise arithmetic words extending " { $link "bitwise-arithmetic" } ". They are useful for efficiency, low-level programming, and interfacing with C libraries."
+$nl
+"Setting and clearing bits:"
+{ $subsection set-bit }
+{ $subsection clear-bit }
+"Testing if bits are set or clear:"
+{ $subsection bit? }
+{ $subsection bit-clear? }
+"Operations with bitmasks:"
+{ $subsection mask }
+{ $subsection unmask }
+{ $subsection mask? }
+{ $subsection unmask? }
+"Generating an integer with n set bits:"
+{ $subsection on-bits }
+"Counting the number of set bits:"
+{ $subsection bit-count }
+"More efficient modding by powers of two:"
+{ $subsection wrap }
+"Bit-rolling:"
+{ $subsection bitroll }
+{ $subsection bitroll-32 }
+{ $subsection bitroll-64 }
+"32-bit arithmetic:"
+{ $subsection w+ }
+{ $subsection w- }
+{ $subsection w* }
+"Bitfields:"
+{ $subsection flags }
+{ $subsection "math-bitfields" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "math.bitwise"
diff --git a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-tests.factor b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-tests.factor
index 8b13cb23b3..979c62dcfb 100644
--- a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise-tests.factor
@@ -27,3 +27,8 @@ IN: math.bitwise.tests
 [ 3 ] [ foo ] unit-test
 [ 3 ] [ { a b } flags ] unit-test
 \ foo must-infer
+
+[ 1 ] [ { 1 } flags ] unit-test
+
+[ 8 ] [ 0 3 toggle-bit ] unit-test
+[ 0 ] [ 8 3 toggle-bit ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise.factor b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise.factor
index 871f40e74c..89a21b65ab 100644
--- a/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise.factor
+++ b/basis/math/bitwise/bitwise.factor
@@ -1,37 +1,34 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov, Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays kernel math math.functions sequences
 sequences.private words namespaces macros hints
-combinators fry ;
+combinators fry io.binary ;
 IN: math.bitwise
 
 ! utilities
 : clear-bit ( x n -- y ) 2^ bitnot bitand ; inline
 : set-bit ( x n -- y ) 2^ bitor ; inline
-: bit-clear? ( x n -- ? ) 2^ bitand zero? ; inline
+: bit-clear? ( x n -- ? ) 2^ bitand 0 = ; inline
 : unmask ( x n -- ? ) bitnot bitand ; inline
 : unmask? ( x n -- ? ) unmask 0 > ; inline
 : mask ( x n -- ? ) bitand ; inline
 : mask? ( x n -- ? ) mask 0 > ; inline
 : wrap ( m n -- m' ) 1- bitand ; inline
 : bits ( m n -- m' ) 2^ wrap ; inline
-: mask-bit ( m n -- m' ) 1- 2^ mask ; inline
+: mask-bit ( m n -- m' ) 2^ mask ; inline
+: on-bits ( n -- m ) 2^ 1- ; inline
+: toggle-bit ( m n -- m' ) 2^ bitxor ; inline
 
 : shift-mod ( n s w -- n )
-    >r shift r> 2^ wrap ; inline
+    [ shift ] dip 2^ wrap ; inline
 
 : bitroll ( x s w -- y )
-     [ wrap ] keep
-     [ shift-mod ]
-     [ [ - ] keep shift-mod ] 3bi bitor ; inline
+    [ wrap ] keep
+    [ shift-mod ] [ [ - ] keep shift-mod ] 3bi bitor ; inline
 
-: bitroll-32 ( n s -- n' ) 32 bitroll ;
+: bitroll-32 ( n s -- n' ) 32 bitroll ; inline
 
-HINTS: bitroll-32 bignum fixnum ;
-
-: bitroll-64 ( n s -- n' ) 64 bitroll ;
-
-HINTS: bitroll-64 bignum fixnum ;
+: bitroll-64 ( n s -- n' ) 64 bitroll ; inline
 
 ! 32-bit arithmetic
 : w+ ( int int -- int ) + 32 bits ; inline
@@ -40,7 +37,7 @@ HINTS: bitroll-64 bignum fixnum ;
 
 ! flags
 MACRO: flags ( values -- )
-    [ 0 ] [ [ execute bitor ] curry compose ] reduce ;
+    [ 0 ] [ [ dup word? [ execute ] when bitor ] curry compose ] reduce ;
 
 ! bitfield
 <PRIVATE
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@ M: integer (bitfield-quot) ( spec -- quot )
     [ swapd shift bitor ] curry ;
 
 M: pair (bitfield-quot) ( spec -- quot )
-    first2 over word? [ >r swapd execute r> ] [ ] ?
+    first2 over word? [ [ swapd execute ] dip ] [ ] ?
     [ shift bitor ] append 2curry ;
 
 PRIVATE>
@@ -91,4 +88,12 @@ M: bignum (bit-count)
 PRIVATE>
 
 : bit-count ( x -- n )
-    dup 0 >= [ (bit-count) ] [ bitnot (bit-count) ] if ; inline
+    dup 0 < [ bitnot ] when (bit-count) ; inline
+
+! Signed byte array to integer conversion
+: signed-le> ( bytes -- x )
+    [ le> ] [ length 8 * 1- on-bits ] bi
+    2dup > [ bitnot bitor ] [ drop ] if ;
+
+: signed-be> ( bytes -- x )
+    <reversed> signed-le> ;
diff --git a/basis/math/complex/complex.factor b/basis/math/complex/complex.factor
index acc8a9d6d6..c228684e32 100644
--- a/basis/math/complex/complex.factor
+++ b/basis/math/complex/complex.factor
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ M: complex imaginary-part imaginary>> ;
 M: complex absq >rect [ sq ] bi@ + ;
 
 : 2>rect ( x y -- xr yr xi yi )
-    [ [ real-part ] bi@ ] 2keep
-    [ imaginary-part ] bi@ ; inline
+    [ [ real-part ] bi@ ]
+    [ [ imaginary-part ] bi@ ] 2bi ; inline
 
 M: complex hashcode*
     nip >rect [ hashcode ] bi@ bitxor ;
@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ M: complex equal?
 M: complex number=
     2>rect number= [ number= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
-: *re ( x y -- xr*yr xi*ri ) 2>rect * >r * r> ; inline
-: *im ( x y -- xi*yr xr*yi ) 2>rect >r * swap r> * ; inline
+: *re ( x y -- xr*yr xi*ri ) 2>rect [ * ] 2bi@ ; inline
+: *im ( x y -- xi*yr xr*yi ) 2>rect [ * swap ] dip * ; inline
 
-M: complex + 2>rect + >r + r> (rect>) ;
-M: complex - 2>rect - >r - r> (rect>) ;
-M: complex * 2dup *re - -rot *im + (rect>) ;
+M: complex + 2>rect [ + ] 2bi@ (rect>) ;
+M: complex - 2>rect [ - ] 2bi@ (rect>) ;
+M: complex * [ *re - ] [ *im + ] 2bi (rect>) ;
 
 : complex/ ( x y -- r i m )
-    dup absq >r 2dup *re + -rot *im - r> ; inline
+    [ [ *re + ] [ *im - ] 2bi ] keep absq ; inline
 
-M: complex / complex/ tuck / >r / r> (rect>) ;
+M: complex / complex/ tuck [ / ] 2bi@ (rect>) ;
 
 M: complex abs absq >float fsqrt ;
 
-M: complex sqrt >polar swap fsqrt swap 2.0 / polar> ;
+M: complex sqrt >polar [ fsqrt ] [ 2.0 / ] bi* polar> ;
 
 IN: syntax
 
diff --git a/basis/math/functions/functions-docs.factor b/basis/math/functions/functions-docs.factor
index f9bb8e9897..ea3da55082 100644
--- a/basis/math/functions/functions-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/functions/functions-docs.factor
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ HELP: mod-inv
 } ;
 
 HELP: each-bit
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( ? -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" { $quotation "( ? -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each bit of the integer, starting from the least significant bit, and stopping at the last bit from which point on all bits are either clear (if the integer is positive) or all bits are set (if the integer is negataive)." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: math.functions make prettyprint ;" "[ BIN: 1101 [ , ] each-bit ] { } make ." "{ t f t t }" }
diff --git a/basis/math/functions/functions-tests.factor b/basis/math/functions/functions-tests.factor
index cbaf37daf8..a06a67e4a1 100644
--- a/basis/math/functions/functions-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/math/functions/functions-tests.factor
@@ -134,3 +134,6 @@ IN: math.functions.tests
 [ -4.0 ] [ -4.4 round ] unit-test
 [ 5.0 ] [ 4.5 round ] unit-test
 [ 4.0 ] [ 4.4 round ] unit-test
+
+[ 6 59967 ] [ 3837888 factor-2s ] unit-test
+[ 6 -59967 ] [ -3837888 factor-2s ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/math/functions/functions.factor b/basis/math/functions/functions.factor
index 8516292e9d..8411baf94c 100644
--- a/basis/math/functions/functions.factor
+++ b/basis/math/functions/functions.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2004, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: math kernel math.constants math.private
-math.libm combinators math.order ;
+math.libm combinators math.order sequences ;
 IN: math.functions
 
+: >fraction ( a/b -- a b )
+    [ numerator ] [ denominator ] bi ; inline
+
 <PRIVATE
 
 : (rect>) ( x y -- z )
@@ -12,7 +15,7 @@ IN: math.functions
 PRIVATE>
 
 : rect> ( x y -- z )
-    over real? over real? and [
+    2dup [ real? ] both? [
         (rect>)
     ] [
         "Complex number must have real components" throw
@@ -24,20 +27,41 @@ M: real sqrt
     >float dup 0.0 < [ neg fsqrt 0.0 swap rect> ] [ fsqrt ] if ;
 
 : each-bit ( n quot: ( ? -- ) -- )
-    over 0 = pick -1 = or [
+    over [ 0 = ] [ -1 = ] bi or [
         2drop
     ] [
-        2dup >r >r >r odd? r> call r> 2/ r> each-bit
+        2dup { [ odd? ] [ call ] [ 2/ ] [ each-bit ] } spread
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
-: ^n ( z w -- z^w )
-    1 swap [
-        [ dupd * ] when >r sq r>
-    ] each-bit nip ; inline
+: map-bits ( n quot: ( ? -- obj ) -- seq )
+    accumulator [ each-bit ] dip ; inline
+
+: factor-2s ( n -- r s )
+    #! factor an integer into 2^r * s
+    dup 0 = [ 1 ] [
+        0 swap [ dup even? ] [ [ 1+ ] [ 2/ ] bi* ] [ ] while
+    ] if ; inline
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+GENERIC# ^n 1 ( z w -- z^w )
+
+: (^n) 1 swap [ [ dupd * ] when [ sq ] dip ] each-bit nip ; inline
+
+M: integer ^n
+    [ factor-2s ] dip [ (^n) ] keep rot * shift ;
+
+M: ratio ^n
+    [ >fraction ] dip tuck [ ^n ] 2bi@ / ;
+
+M: float ^n
+    (^n) ;
 
 : integer^ ( x y -- z )
     dup 0 > [ ^n ] [ neg ^n recip ] if ; inline
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : >rect ( z -- x y )
     [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi ; inline
 
@@ -45,19 +69,19 @@ M: real sqrt
     >rect [ >float ] bi@ ; inline
 
 : >polar ( z -- abs arg )
-    >float-rect [ [ sq ] bi@ + fsqrt ] [ swap fatan2 ] 2bi ;
-    inline
+    >float-rect [ [ sq ] bi@ + fsqrt ] [ swap fatan2 ] 2bi ; inline
 
 : cis ( arg -- z ) dup fcos swap fsin rect> ; inline
 
 : polar> ( abs arg -- z ) cis * ; inline
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 : ^mag ( w abs arg -- magnitude )
-    >r >r >float-rect swap r> swap fpow r> rot * fexp /f ;
-    inline
+    [ >float-rect swap ] [ swap fpow ] [ rot * fexp /f ] tri* ; inline
 
 : ^theta ( w abs arg -- theta )
-    >r >r >float-rect r> flog * swap r> * + ; inline
+    [ >float-rect ] [ flog * swap ] [ * + ] tri* ; inline
 
 : ^complex ( x y -- z )
     swap >polar [ ^mag ] [ ^theta ] 3bi polar> ; inline
@@ -68,28 +92,30 @@ M: real sqrt
 : 0^ ( x -- z )
     dup zero? [ drop 0./0. ] [ 0 < 1./0. 0 ? ] if ; inline
 
-: ^ ( x y -- z )
-    {
-        { [ over zero? ] [ nip 0^ ] }
-        { [ dup integer? ] [ integer^ ] }
-        { [ 2dup real^? ] [ fpow ] }
-        [ ^complex ]
-    } cond ;
-
 : (^mod) ( n x y -- z )
     1 swap [
-        [ dupd * pick mod ] when >r sq over mod r>
+        [ dupd * pick mod ] when [ sq over mod ] dip
     ] each-bit 2nip ; inline
 
 : (gcd) ( b a x y -- a d )
     over zero? [
         2nip
     ] [
-        swap [ /mod >r over * swapd - r> ] keep (gcd)
+        swap [ /mod [ over * swapd - ] dip ] keep (gcd)
     ] if ;
 
+PRIVATE>
+
+: ^ ( x y -- z )
+    {
+        { [ over zero? ] [ nip 0^ ] }
+        { [ dup integer? ] [ integer^ ] }
+        { [ 2dup real^? ] [ fpow ] }
+        [ ^complex ]
+    } cond ; inline
+
 : gcd ( x y -- a d )
-    0 -rot 1 -rot (gcd) dup 0 < [ neg ] when ; foldable
+    [ 0 1 ] 2dip (gcd) dup 0 < [ neg ] when ; foldable
 
 : lcm ( a b -- c )
     [ * ] 2keep gcd nip /i ; foldable
@@ -103,7 +129,7 @@ M: real sqrt
 
 : ^mod ( x y n -- z )
     over 0 < [
-        [ >r neg r> ^mod ] keep mod-inv
+        [ [ neg ] dip ^mod ] keep mod-inv
     ] [
         -rot (^mod)
     ] if ; foldable
@@ -113,14 +139,14 @@ GENERIC: absq ( x -- y ) foldable
 M: real absq sq ;
 
 : ~abs ( x y epsilon -- ? )
-    >r - abs r> < ;
+    [ - abs ] dip < ;
 
 : ~rel ( x y epsilon -- ? )
-    >r [ - abs ] 2keep [ abs ] bi@ + r> * < ;
+    [ [ - abs ] 2keep [ abs ] bi@ + ] dip * < ;
 
 : ~ ( x y epsilon -- ? )
     {
-        { [ pick fp-nan? pick fp-nan? or ] [ 3drop f ] }
+        { [ 2over [ fp-nan? ] either? ] [ 3drop f ] }
         { [ dup zero? ] [ drop number= ] }
         { [ dup 0 < ] [ ~rel ] }
         [ ~abs ]
@@ -148,47 +174,61 @@ M: real log dup 0.0 >= [ flog ] [ 0.0 rect> log ] if ;
 
 M: complex log >polar swap flog swap rect> ;
 
-: cos ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [
-        >float-rect 2dup
-        fcosh swap fcos * -rot
-        fsinh swap fsin neg * rect>
-    ] [ fcos ] if ; foldable
+GENERIC: cos ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex cos
+    >float-rect
+    [ [ fcos ] [ fcosh ] bi* * ]
+    [ [ fsin neg ] [ fsinh ] bi* * ] 2bi rect> ;
+
+M: real cos fcos ;
 
 : sec ( x -- y ) cos recip ; inline
 
-: cosh ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [
-        >float-rect 2dup
-        fcos swap fcosh * -rot
-        fsin swap fsinh * rect>
-    ] [ fcosh ] if ; foldable
+GENERIC: cosh ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex cosh
+    >float-rect
+    [ [ fcosh ] [ fcos ] bi* * ]
+    [ [ fsinh ] [ fsin ] bi* * ] 2bi rect> ;
+
+M: real cosh fcosh ;
 
 : sech ( x -- y ) cosh recip ; inline
 
-: sin ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [
-        >float-rect 2dup
-        fcosh swap fsin * -rot
-        fsinh swap fcos * rect>
-    ] [ fsin ] if ; foldable
+GENERIC: sin ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex sin
+    >float-rect
+    [ [ fsin ] [ fcosh ] bi* * ]
+    [ [ fcos ] [ fsinh ] bi* * ] 2bi rect> ;
+
+M: real sin fsin ;
 
 : cosec ( x -- y ) sin recip ; inline
 
-: sinh ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [
-        >float-rect 2dup
-        fcos swap fsinh * -rot
-        fsin swap fcosh * rect>
-    ] [ fsinh ] if ; foldable
+GENERIC: sinh ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex sinh 
+    >float-rect
+    [ [ fsinh ] [ fcos ] bi* * ]
+    [ [ fcosh ] [ fsin ] bi* * ] 2bi rect> ;
+
+M: real sinh fsinh ;
 
 : cosech ( x -- y ) sinh recip ; inline
 
-: tan ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [ dup sin swap cos / ] [ ftan ] if ; inline
+GENERIC: tan ( x -- y ) foldable
 
-: tanh ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [ dup sinh swap cosh / ] [ ftanh ] if ; inline
+M: complex tan [ sin ] [ cos ] bi / ;
+
+M: real tan ftan ;
+
+GENERIC: tanh ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex tanh [ sinh ] [ cosh ] bi / ;
+
+M: real tanh ftanh ;
 
 : cot ( x -- y ) tan recip ; inline
 
@@ -205,7 +245,7 @@ M: complex log >polar swap flog swap rect> ;
 : acosech ( x -- y ) recip asinh ; inline
 
 : atanh ( x -- y )
-    dup 1+ swap 1- neg / log 2 / ; inline
+    [ 1+ ] [ 1- neg ] bi / log 2 / ; inline
 
 : acoth ( x -- y ) recip atanh ; inline
 
@@ -220,8 +260,11 @@ M: complex log >polar swap flog swap rect> ;
     dup [-1,1]? [ facos ] [ asin pi 2 / swap - ] if ;
     inline
 
-: atan ( x -- y )
-    dup complex? [ i* atanh i* ] [ fatan ] if ; inline
+GENERIC: atan ( x -- y ) foldable
+
+M: complex atan i* atanh i* ;
+
+M: real atan fatan ;
 
 : asec ( x -- y ) recip acos ; inline
 
diff --git a/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect-docs.factor b/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect-docs.factor
index a892940363..31c9e44b1d 100644
--- a/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect-docs.factor
@@ -47,3 +47,21 @@ HELP: <zero-rect>
 { $values { "rect" "a new " { $link rect } } }
 { $description "Creates a rectangle located at the origin with zero dimensions." } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "math.geometry.rect" "Rectangles"
+"The " { $vocab-link "math.geometry.rect" } " vocabulary defines a rectangle data type and operations on them."
+{ $subsection rect }
+"Rectangles can be taken apart:"
+{ $subsection rect-loc }
+{ $subsection rect-dim }
+{ $subsection rect-bounds }
+{ $subsection rect-extent }
+"New rectangles can be created:"
+{ $subsection <zero-rect> }
+{ $subsection <rect> }
+{ $subsection <extent-rect> }
+"More utility words for working with rectangles:"
+{ $subsection offset-rect }
+{ $subsection rect-intersect }
+{ $subsection intersects? } ;
+
+ABOUT: "math.geometry.rect"
diff --git a/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect.factor b/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect.factor
index dd634f4a3b..a7cefceae8 100644
--- a/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect.factor
+++ b/basis/math/geometry/rect/rect.factor
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ M: rect rect-dim dim>> ;
     over rect-loc v+ swap rect-dim <rect> ;
 
 : (rect-intersect) ( rect rect -- array array )
-    2rect-extent vmin >r vmax r> ;
+    2rect-extent [ vmax ] [ vmin ] 2bi* ;
 
 : rect-intersect ( rect1 rect2 -- newrect )
     (rect-intersect) <extent-rect> ;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ M: rect rect-dim dim>> ;
     (rect-intersect) [v-] { 0 0 } = ;
 
 : (rect-union) ( rect rect -- array array )
-    2rect-extent vmax >r vmin r> ;
+    2rect-extent [ vmin ] [ vmax ] 2bi* ;
 
 : rect-union ( rect1 rect2 -- newrect )
     (rect-union) <extent-rect> ;
diff --git a/basis/math/intervals/intervals-docs.factor b/basis/math/intervals/intervals-docs.factor
index c5e5a6e7b8..5a96c7aceb 100644
--- a/basis/math/intervals/intervals-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/intervals/intervals-docs.factor
@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ HELP: interval*
 { $description "Multiplies two intervals." } ;
 
 HELP: interval-shift
-{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
-{ $description "Shifts " { $snippet "i1" } " to the left by " { $snippet "i2" } " bits. Outputs " { $link f } " if the endpoints of either " { $snippet "i1" } " or " { $snippet "i2" } " are not integers." } ;
+{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
+{ $description "Shifts " { $snippet "i1" } " to the left by " { $snippet "i2" } " bits. Outputs " { $link full-interval } " if the endpoints of either " { $snippet "i1" } " or " { $snippet "i2" } " are not integers." } ;
 
 HELP: interval-max
 { $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ HELP: points>interval
 ;
 
 HELP: interval-shift-safe
-{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
-{ $description "Shifts " { $snippet "i1" } " to the left by " { $snippet "i2" } " bits. Outputs " { $link f } " if the endpoints of either " { $snippet "i1" } " or " { $snippet "i2" } " are not integers, or if the endpoints of " { $snippet "i2" } " are so large that the resulting interval will consume too much memory." } ;
+{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
+{ $description "Shifts " { $snippet "i1" } " to the left by " { $snippet "i2" } " bits. Outputs " { $link full-interval } " if the endpoints of either " { $snippet "i1" } " or " { $snippet "i2" } " are not integers, or if the endpoints of " { $snippet "i2" } " are so large that the resulting interval will consume too much memory." } ;
 
 HELP: incomparable
 { $description "Output value from " { $link interval<= } ", " { $link interval< } ", " { $link interval>= } " and " { $link interval> } " in the case where the result of the comparison is ambiguous." } ;
@@ -304,20 +304,20 @@ HELP: interval>points
 { $description "Outputs both endpoints of the interval." } ;
 
 HELP: assume<
-{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
-{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are less than all points in " { $snippet "i2" } ". If the resulting interval is empty, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
+{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
+{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are less than all points in " { $snippet "i2" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assume<=
-{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
-{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are less or equal to all points in " { $snippet "i2" } ". If the resulting interval is empty, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
+{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
+{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are less or equal to all points in " { $snippet "i2" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assume>
 { $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are greater than all points in " { $snippet "i2" } ". If the resulting interval is empty, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assume>=
-{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" "an " { $link interval } " or " { $link f } } }
-{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are greater than or equal to all points in " { $snippet "i2" } ". If the resulting interval is empty, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
+{ $values { "i1" interval } { "i2" interval } { "i3" interval } }
+{ $description "Outputs the interval consisting of points from " { $snippet "i1" } " which are greater than or equal to all points in " { $snippet "i2" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: integral-closure
 { $values { "i1" "an " { $link interval } " with integer end-points" } { "i2" "a closed " { $link interval } " with integer end-points" } }
diff --git a/basis/math/intervals/intervals-tests.factor b/basis/math/intervals/intervals-tests.factor
index 0fdcb51291..8c29171a57 100644
--- a/basis/math/intervals/intervals-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/math/intervals/intervals-tests.factor
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ IN: math.intervals.tests
 
 [ empty-interval ] [ 0 5 (a,b] empty-interval interval-intersect ] unit-test
 
+[ t ] [
+    0 1 (a,b) full-interval interval-intersect 0 1 (a,b) =
+] unit-test
+
 [ t ] [
     empty-interval empty-interval interval-subset?
 ] unit-test
@@ -209,22 +213,28 @@ IN: math.intervals.tests
 
 ! Interval random tester
 : random-element ( interval -- n )
-    dup to>> first over from>> first tuck - random +
-    2dup swap interval-contains? [
-        nip
+    dup full-interval eq? [
+        drop 32 random-bits 31 2^ -
     ] [
-        drop random-element
+        dup to>> first over from>> first tuck - random +
+        2dup swap interval-contains? [
+            nip
+        ] [
+            drop random-element
+        ] if
     ] if ;
 
 : random-interval ( -- interval )
-    2000 random 1000 - dup 2 1000 random + +
-    1 random zero? [ [ neg ] bi@ swap ] when
-    4 random {
-        { 0 [ [a,b] ] }
-        { 1 [ [a,b) ] }
-        { 2 [ (a,b) ] }
-        { 3 [ (a,b] ] }
-    } case ;
+    10 random 0 = [ full-interval ] [
+        2000 random 1000 - dup 2 1000 random + +
+        1 random zero? [ [ neg ] bi@ swap ] when
+        4 random {
+            { 0 [ [a,b] ] }
+            { 1 [ [a,b) ] }
+            { 2 [ (a,b) ] }
+            { 3 [ (a,b] ] }
+        } case
+    ] if ;
 
 : random-unary-op ( -- pair )
     {
@@ -263,7 +273,7 @@ IN: math.intervals.tests
         { bitand interval-bitand }
         { bitor interval-bitor }
         { bitxor interval-bitxor }
-        { shift interval-shift }
+        ! { shift interval-shift }
         { min interval-min }
         { max interval-max }
     }
diff --git a/basis/math/intervals/intervals.factor b/basis/math/intervals/intervals.factor
index 33430e83c3..4182d25524 100644
--- a/basis/math/intervals/intervals.factor
+++ b/basis/math/intervals/intervals.factor
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ IN: math.intervals
 
 SYMBOL: empty-interval
 
+SYMBOL: full-interval
+
 TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : <interval> ( from to -- int )
-    over first over first {
+    2dup [ first ] bi@ {
         { [ 2dup > ] [ 2drop 2drop empty-interval ] }
         { [ 2dup = ] [
-            2drop over second over second and
+            2drop 2dup [ second ] both?
             [ interval boa ] [ 2drop empty-interval ] if
         ] }
         [ 2drop interval boa ]
@@ -24,16 +26,16 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 : closed-point ( n -- endpoint ) t 2array ;
 
 : [a,b] ( a b -- interval )
-    >r closed-point r> closed-point <interval> ; foldable
+    [ closed-point ] dip closed-point <interval> ; foldable
 
 : (a,b) ( a b -- interval )
-    >r open-point r> open-point <interval> ; foldable
+    [ open-point ] dip open-point <interval> ; foldable
 
 : [a,b) ( a b -- interval )
-    >r closed-point r> open-point <interval> ; foldable
+    [ closed-point ] dip open-point <interval> ; foldable
 
 : (a,b] ( a b -- interval )
-    >r open-point r> closed-point <interval> ; foldable
+    [ open-point ] dip closed-point <interval> ; foldable
 
 : [a,a] ( a -- interval )
     closed-point dup <interval> ; foldable
@@ -46,15 +48,14 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : (a,inf] ( a -- interval ) 1./0. (a,b] ; inline
 
-: [-inf,inf] ( -- interval )
-    T{ interval f { -1./0. t } { 1./0. t } } ; inline
+: [-inf,inf] ( -- interval ) full-interval ; inline
 
 : compare-endpoints ( p1 p2 quot -- ? )
-    >r over first over first r> call [
+    [ 2dup [ first ] bi@ ] dip call [
         2drop t
     ] [
-        over first over first = [
-            swap second swap second not or
+        2dup [ first ] bi@ = [
+            [ second ] bi@ not or
         ] [
             2drop f
         ] if
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
     ] if ;
 
 : (interval-op) ( p1 p2 quot -- p3 )
-    [ [ first ] [ first ] [ ] tri* call ]
+    [ [ first ] [ first ] [ call ] tri* ]
     [ drop [ second ] both? ]
     3bi 2array ; inline
 
@@ -99,8 +100,10 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : do-empty-interval ( i1 i2 quot -- i3 )
     {
-        { [ pick empty-interval eq? ] [ drop drop ] }
+        { [ pick empty-interval eq? ] [ 2drop ] }
         { [ over empty-interval eq? ] [ drop nip ] }
+        { [ pick full-interval eq? ] [ 2drop ] }
+        { [ over full-interval eq? ] [ drop nip ] }
         [ call ]
     } cond ; inline
 
@@ -112,8 +115,10 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : interval-intersect ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
     {
-        { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ nip ] }
         { [ over empty-interval eq? ] [ drop ] }
+        { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ nip ] }
+        { [ over full-interval eq? ] [ nip ] }
+        { [ dup full-interval eq? ] [ drop ] }
         [
             [ interval>points ] bi@ swapd
             [ [ swap endpoint< ] most ]
@@ -127,8 +132,10 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : interval-union ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
     {
-        { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ drop ] }
         { [ over empty-interval eq? ] [ nip ] }
+        { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ drop ] }
+        { [ over full-interval eq? ] [ drop ] }
+        { [ dup full-interval eq? ] [ nip ] }
         [ [ interval>points 2array ] bi@ append points>interval ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -137,9 +144,11 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : interval-contains? ( x int -- ? )
     dup empty-interval eq? [ 2drop f ] [
-        [ from>> first2 [ >= ] [ > ] if ]
-        [ to>>   first2 [ <= ] [ < ] if ]
-        2bi and
+        dup full-interval eq? [ 2drop t ] [
+            [ from>> first2 [ >= ] [ > ] if ]
+            [ to>>   first2 [ <= ] [ < ] if ]
+            2bi and
+        ] if
     ] if ;
 
 : interval-zero? ( int -- ? )
@@ -160,12 +169,15 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 
 : interval-sq ( i1 -- i2 ) dup interval* ;
 
+: special-interval? ( interval -- ? )
+    { empty-interval full-interval } memq? ;
+
 : interval-singleton? ( int -- ? )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [
+    dup special-interval? [
         drop f
     ] [
         interval>points
-        2dup [ second ] bi@ and
+        2dup [ second ] both?
         [ [ first ] bi@ = ]
         [ 2drop f ] if
     ] if ;
@@ -173,6 +185,7 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 : interval-length ( int -- n )
     {
         { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ drop 0 ] }
+        { [ dup full-interval eq? ] [ drop 1/0. ] }
         [ interval>points [ first ] bi@ swap - ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -180,9 +193,9 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
     dup [ interval>points [ first ] bi@ [a,b] ] when ;
 
 : interval-integer-op ( i1 i2 quot -- i3 )
-    >r 2dup
-    [ interval>points [ first integer? ] both? ] both?
-    r> [ 2drop [-inf,inf] ] if ; inline
+    [
+        2dup [ interval>points [ first integer? ] both? ] both?
+    ] dip [ 2drop [-inf,inf] ] if ; inline
 
 : interval-shift ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
     #! Inaccurate; could be tighter
@@ -211,7 +224,7 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
     [ [ interval-closure ] bi@ [ min ] interval-op ] do-empty-interval ;
 
 : interval-interior ( i1 -- i2 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [
+    dup special-interval? [
         interval>points [ first ] bi@ (a,b)
     ] unless ;
 
@@ -249,6 +262,7 @@ TUPLE: interval { from read-only } { to read-only } ;
 : interval-abs ( i1 -- i2 )
     {
         { [ dup empty-interval eq? ] [ ] }
+        { [ dup full-interval eq? ] [ drop 0 [a,inf] ] }
         { [ 0 over interval-contains? ] [ (interval-abs) { 0 t } suffix points>interval ] }
         [ (interval-abs) points>interval ]
     } cond ;
@@ -288,11 +302,11 @@ SYMBOL: incomparable
     2tri and and ;
 
 : (interval<) ( i1 i2 -- i1 i2 ? )
-    over from>> over from>> endpoint< ;
+    2dup [ from>> ] bi@ endpoint< ;
 
 : interval< ( i1 i2 -- ? )
     {
-        { [ 2dup [ empty-interval eq? ] either? ] [ incomparable ] }
+        { [ 2dup [ special-interval? ] either? ] [ incomparable ] }
         { [ 2dup interval-intersect empty-interval eq? ] [ (interval<) ] }
         { [ 2dup left-endpoint-< ] [ f ] }
         { [ 2dup right-endpoint-< ] [ f ] }
@@ -300,14 +314,14 @@ SYMBOL: incomparable
     } cond 2nip ;
 
 : left-endpoint-<= ( i1 i2 -- ? )
-    >r from>> r> to>> = ;
+    [ from>> ] dip to>> = ;
 
 : right-endpoint-<= ( i1 i2 -- ? )
-    >r to>> r> from>> = ;
+    [ to>> ] dip from>> = ;
 
 : interval<= ( i1 i2 -- ? )
     {
-        { [ 2dup [ empty-interval eq? ] either? ] [ incomparable ] }
+        { [ 2dup [ special-interval? ] either? ] [ incomparable ] }
         { [ 2dup interval-intersect empty-interval eq? ] [ (interval<) ] }
         { [ 2dup right-endpoint-<= ] [ t ] }
         [ incomparable ]
@@ -360,27 +374,27 @@ SYMBOL: incomparable
     interval-bitor ;
 
 : assume< ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [ drop ] [
+    dup special-interval? [ drop ] [
         to>> first [-inf,a) interval-intersect
     ] if ;
 
 : assume<= ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [ drop ] [
+    dup special-interval? [ drop ] [
         to>> first [-inf,a] interval-intersect
     ] if ;
 
 : assume> ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [ drop ] [
+    dup special-interval? [ drop ] [
         from>> first (a,inf] interval-intersect
     ] if ;
 
 : assume>= ( i1 i2 -- i3 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [ drop ] [
+    dup special-interval? [ drop ] [
         from>> first [a,inf] interval-intersect
     ] if ;
 
 : integral-closure ( i1 -- i2 )
-    dup empty-interval eq? [
+    dup special-interval? [
         [ from>> first2 [ 1+ ] unless ]
         [ to>> first2 [ 1- ] unless ]
         bi [a,b]
diff --git a/basis/math/libm/libm.factor b/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
index 8bda6a6dd0..96f5f134cc 100644
--- a/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
+++ b/basis/math/libm/libm.factor
@@ -5,69 +5,69 @@ IN: math.libm
 
 : facos ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "acos" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fasin ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "asin" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fatan ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "atan" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fatan2 ( x y -- z )
     "double" "libm" "atan2" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fcos ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "cos" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fsin ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sin" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : ftan ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "tan" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fcosh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "cosh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fsinh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sinh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : ftanh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "tanh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fexp ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "exp" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : flog ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "log" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fpow ( x y -- z )
     "double" "libm" "pow" { "double" "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fsqrt ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "sqrt" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
     
 ! Windows doesn't have these...
 : facosh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "acosh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fasinh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "asinh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
 
 : fatanh ( x -- y )
     "double" "libm" "atanh" { "double" } alien-invoke ;
-    foldable
+    inline
diff --git a/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch-tests.factor b/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch-tests.factor
index 388b4127cd..bcf7bb77b0 100644
--- a/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch-tests.factor
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ tools.test math kernel sequences ;
 [ f ] [ \ number= fixnum object math-both-known? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ \ number= integer fixnum math-both-known? ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ \ >fixnum \ shift derived-ops memq? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ \ >integer \ /i derived-ops memq? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ \ fixnum-shift \ shift derived-ops memq? ] unit-test
 
 [ { integer fixnum } ] [ \ +-integer-fixnum integer-op-input-classes ] unit-test
 [ { fixnum fixnum } ] [ \ fixnum+ integer-op-input-classes ] unit-test
@@ -24,4 +26,3 @@ tools.test math kernel sequences ;
 [ fixnum-bitnot ] [ \ bitnot modular-variant ] unit-test
 [ fixnum+fast ] [ \ fixnum+ modular-variant ] unit-test
 [ fixnum+fast ] [ \ fixnum+fast modular-variant ] unit-test
-
diff --git a/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch.factor b/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch.factor
index fd0e910b37..56da09ccdd 100644
--- a/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch.factor
+++ b/basis/math/partial-dispatch/partial-dispatch.factor
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ M: word integer-op-input-classes
         { fixnum- fixnum-fast }
         { fixnum* fixnum*fast }
         { fixnum-shift fixnum-shift-fast }
+        { fixnum/i fixnum/i-fast }
+        { fixnum/mod fixnum/mod-fast }
     } at ;
 
 : modular-variant ( op -- fast-op )
@@ -115,7 +117,9 @@ M: word integer-op-input-classes
     { fixnum bignum float }
     [ [ dup 3array ] [ swap method ] 2bi ] with { } map>assoc
     [ nip ] assoc-filter
-    [ def>> peek ] assoc-map % ;
+    [ def>> ] assoc-map
+    [ nip length 1 = ] assoc-filter
+    [ first ] assoc-map % ;
 
 SYMBOL: math-ops
 
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ SYMBOL: fast-math-ops
 
 : math-method* ( word left right -- quot )
     3dup math-op
-    [ >r 3drop r> 1quotation ] [ drop math-method ] if ;
+    [ [ 3drop ] dip 1quotation ] [ drop math-method ] if ;
 
 : math-both-known? ( word left right -- ? )
     3dup math-op
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ SYMBOL: fast-math-ops
 : integer-derived-ops ( word -- words )
     [ math-ops get (derived-ops) ] [ fast-math-ops get (derived-ops) ] bi
     [
-            [
+        [
             drop
             [ second integer class<= ]
             [ third integer class<= ]
@@ -157,20 +161,19 @@ SYMBOL: fast-math-ops
     ] bi@ append ;
 
 : each-derived-op ( word quot -- )
-    >r derived-ops r> each ; inline
+    [ derived-ops ] dip each ; inline
 
 : each-fast-derived-op ( word quot -- )
-    >r fast-derived-ops r> each ; inline
+    [ fast-derived-ops ] dip each ; inline
 
 : each-integer-derived-op ( word quot -- )
-    >r integer-derived-ops r> each ; inline
+    [ integer-derived-ops ] dip each ; inline
 
 [
     [
         \ +       define-math-ops
         \ -       define-math-ops
         \ *       define-math-ops
-        \ shift   define-math-ops
         \ mod     define-math-ops
         \ /i      define-math-ops
 
@@ -184,6 +187,9 @@ SYMBOL: fast-math-ops
         \ >=      define-math-ops
         \ number= define-math-ops
 
+        { { shift bignum bignum } bignum-shift } ,
+        { { shift fixnum fixnum } fixnum-shift } ,
+
         \ + \ fixnum+ \ bignum+ define-integer-ops
         \ - \ fixnum- \ bignum- define-integer-ops
         \ * \ fixnum* \ bignum* define-integer-ops
diff --git a/basis/math/points/points.factor b/basis/math/points/points.factor
index c8654869e2..107e81d51f 100644
--- a/basis/math/points/points.factor
+++ b/basis/math/points/points.factor
@@ -22,6 +22,5 @@ PRIVATE>
 : rise ( pt2 pt1 -- n ) [ second ] bi@ - ;
 : run ( pt2 pt1 -- n ) [ first ] bi@ - ;
 : slope ( pt pt -- slope ) [ rise ] [ run ] 2bi / ;
-: distance ( point point -- float ) v- norm ;
 : midpoint ( point point -- point ) v+ 2 v/n ;
 : linear-solution ( pt pt -- x ) [ drop first2 ] [ slope ] 2bi / - ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/math/ranges/ranges.factor b/basis/math/ranges/ranges.factor
index 5acdc43ca3..f7b3b37e25 100644
--- a/basis/math/ranges/ranges.factor
+++ b/basis/math/ranges/ranges.factor
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel layouts math math.order namespaces sequences
 sequences.private accessors ;
 IN: math.ranges
@@ -8,9 +10,7 @@ TUPLE: range
 { step read-only } ;
 
 : <range> ( a b step -- range )
-    >r over - r>
-    [ / 1+ 0 max >integer ] keep
-    range boa ; inline
+    [ over - ] dip [ /i 1+ 0 max ] keep range boa ; inline
 
 M: range length ( seq -- n )
     length>> ;
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ INSTANCE: range immutable-sequence
 
 : twiddle 2dup > -1 1 ? ; inline
 
-: (a, dup roll + -rot ; inline
+: (a, dup [ + ] curry 2dip ; inline
 
-: ,b) dup neg rot + swap ; inline
+: ,b) dup [ - ] curry dip ; inline
 
 : [a,b] ( a b -- range ) twiddle <range> ; inline
 
diff --git a/basis/math/ratios/ratios-docs.factor b/basis/math/ratios/ratios-docs.factor
index 903017e371..7b6393dabe 100644
--- a/basis/math/ratios/ratios-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/ratios/ratios-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax math math.private
-math.ratios.private ;
+math.ratios.private math.functions ;
 IN: math.ratios
 
 ARTICLE: "rationals" "Rational numbers"
diff --git a/basis/math/ratios/ratios.factor b/basis/math/ratios/ratios.factor
index 5dde4fbb99..81294d29f7 100644
--- a/basis/math/ratios/ratios.factor
+++ b/basis/math/ratios/ratios.factor
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 USING: accessors kernel kernel.private math math.functions math.private ;
 IN: math.ratios
 
-: >fraction ( a/b -- a b )
-    dup numerator swap denominator ; inline
-
 : 2>fraction ( a/b c/d -- a c b d )
     [ >fraction ] bi@ swapd ; inline
 
@@ -15,10 +12,10 @@ IN: math.ratios
     dup 1 number= [ drop ] [ <ratio> ] if ; inline
 
 : scale ( a/b c/d -- a*d b*c )
-    2>fraction >r * swap r> * swap ; inline
+    2>fraction [ * swap ] dip * swap ; inline
 
 : ratio+d ( a/b c/d -- b*d )
-    denominator swap denominator * ; inline
+    [ denominator ] bi@ * ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ M: integer /
         "Division by zero" throw
     ] [
         dup 0 < [ [ neg ] bi@ ] when
-        2dup gcd nip tuck /i >r /i r> fraction>
+        2dup gcd nip tuck /i [ /i ] dip fraction>
     ] if ;
 
 M: ratio hashcode*
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ M: ratio >= scale >= ;
 
 M: ratio + 2dup scale + -rot ratio+d / ;
 M: ratio - 2dup scale - -rot ratio+d / ;
-M: ratio * 2>fraction * >r * r> / ;
+M: ratio * 2>fraction * [ * ] dip / ;
 M: ratio / scale / ;
 M: ratio /i scale /i ;
 M: ratio /f scale /f ;
diff --git a/basis/math/vectors/vectors-docs.factor b/basis/math/vectors/vectors-docs.factor
index 140eddb2f6..7ee948be65 100644
--- a/basis/math/vectors/vectors-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/math/vectors/vectors-docs.factor
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ HELP: n*v
 { $description "Multiplies each element of " { $snippet "u" } " by " { $snippet "n" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: v*n
-{ $values { "n" "a number" } { "u" "a sequence of numbers" } { "v" "a sequence of numbers" } }
+{ $values { "u" "a sequence of numbers" } { "n" "a number" } { "v" "a sequence of numbers" } }
 { $description "Multiplies each element of " { $snippet "u" } " by " { $snippet "n" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: n/v
diff --git a/basis/math/vectors/vectors.factor b/basis/math/vectors/vectors.factor
index 5316720b2f..a6967a7218 100644
--- a/basis/math/vectors/vectors.factor
+++ b/basis/math/vectors/vectors.factor
@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@ IN: math.vectors
 : norm ( v -- x ) norm-sq sqrt ;
 : normalize ( u -- v ) dup norm v/n ;
 
+: distance ( u v -- x ) [ - absq ] [ + ] 2map-reduce sqrt ;
+
 : set-axis ( u v axis -- w )
-    [ >r zero? 2over ? r> swap nth ] map-index 2nip ;
+    [ [ zero? 2over ? ] dip swap nth ] map-index 2nip ;
 
 HINTS: vneg { array } ;
 HINTS: norm-sq { array } ;
 HINTS: norm { array } ;
 HINTS: normalize { array } ;
+HINTS: distance { array array } ;
 
 HINTS: n*v { object array } ;
 HINTS: v*n { array object } ;
diff --git a/extra/hexdump/authors.txt b/basis/mime/multipart/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/hexdump/authors.txt
rename to basis/mime/multipart/authors.txt
diff --git a/basis/mime/multipart/multipart-tests.factor b/basis/mime/multipart/multipart-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1445af8309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/mime/multipart/multipart-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,2661 @@
+USING: accessors checksums checksums.md5 io io.encodings.ascii
+io.encodings.binary io.files io.streams.byte-array
+io.streams.string kernel make mime.multipart
+mime.multipart.private multiline sequences strings tools.test ;
+IN: mime.multipart.tests
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 1 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 2 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 3 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 4 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 5 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+
+[ { "a" "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "aazzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 1 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "aa" } ] [
+    [
+        "aazzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 2 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "aa" } ] [
+    [
+        "aazzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 3 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "aa" } ] [
+    [
+        "aazzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 4 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "aa" } ] [
+    [
+        "aazzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "z" <multipart-stream> 5 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+
+
+[ { "a" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "zz" <multipart-stream> 1 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" "z" "z" "b" "z" "z" "c" "z" "z" "d" "zz" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 1 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" "z" "z" "b" "z" "z" "c" "z" "z" "d" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 1 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "az" "zb" "zz" "cz" "zd" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 2 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "a" "zzb" "zzc" "zzd" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 3 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "az" "zbzz" "czzd" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 4 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "azz" "bzzcz" "zd" } ] [
+    [
+        "azzbzzczzdzzz" <string-reader> "zzz" <multipart-stream> 5 >>n
+        [ , ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    ] { } make
+] unit-test
+
+
+
+: dog-test-empty-bytes-safari ( -- bytes )
+    B{
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+    } ;
+
+: dog-test-empty-bytes-firefox ( -- bytes )
+    B{
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+        114 8 209 111 35 196 123 118 140 119 31 90 179 52 205 54 27
+        24 246 140 125 168 227 207 113 84 73 62 200 203 249 18 122
+        100 95 167 186 102 29 46 97 225 64 133 23 213 187 231 222
+        164 83 203 28 108 25 164 31 111 122 251 43 108 224 71 147
+        239 154 80 109 218 109 77 228 152 17 30 121 25 239 77 72
+        156 83 126 193 247 23 107 26 144 60 205 232 40 24 111 174
+        166 111 14 8 145 142 78 75 103 138 222 87 50 5 130 208 2 59
+        190 79 21 153 11 103 110 207 18 6 62 173 236 105 28 218 10
+        236 85 123 38 178 45 252 88 165 81 144 67 32 30 148 134 222
+        198 235 80 184 114 210 22 10 249 108 30 62 195 233 79 46 46
+        86 123 98 100 102 137 7 30 94 228 214 26 28 69 220 52 56 95
+        109 180 109 181 108 51 175 245 23 221 104 208 203 25 13 31
+        229 129 194 251 210 27 221 6 56 84 182 239 46 120 12 163 2
+        172 115 20 110 160 110 19 183 169 110 21 62 216 168 230 179
+        52 101 156 43 64 138 157 234 170 104 69 127 74 251 80 209
+        225 184 180 144 51 194 168 14 15 166 106 191 234 221 39 75
+        179 211 165 184 146 21 154 112 126 84 98 23 245 171 39 87
+        185 202 186 49 71 82 114 25 71 106 174 122 230 37 156 40 50
+        77 55 180 64 0 15 246 86 228 53 20 87 81 74 130 251 153 35
+        67 39 101 143 36 99 238 104 9 50 234 54 142 213 35 235 13
+        19 195 45 36 96 65 27 252 170 57 231 245 168 229 186 201 20
+        4 73 195 103 24 247 20 128 122 116 122 47 148 253 235 9 178
+        172 72 247 172 226 32 3 159 122 215 63 53 128 213 133 195
+        34 136 200 60 253 233 61 209 254 151 156 12 102 155 69 26
+        176 198 222 244 166 249 130 92 5 250 211 196 70 168 105 11
+        47 131 230 224 80 87 255 0 212 238 63 221 191 248 86 208
+        219 160 3 210 133 190 99 248 41 249 255 0 210 122 167 17 92
+        141 118 127 137 253 159 1 207 30 18 86 196 51 186 156 182
+        87 212 211 13 50 12 216 64 27 31 186 76 140 246 162 217 225
+        136 120 123 80 41 224 115 206 106 40 232 98 43 123 241 111
+        55 242 128 113 147 235 86 7 70 235 76 246 230 31 197 68 140
+        195 200 164 237 96 62 135 214 163 182 90 28 218 158 99 130
+        221 164 59 178 0 198 15 235 239 83 110 151 232 9 102 141 45
+        238 237 102 138 39 28 156 252 191 98 41 210 160 39 68 255 0
+        165 250 138 212 58 193 170 73 178 233 134 228 73 134 1 30
+        245 97 104 186 198 154 206 169 103 118 214 236 71 158 25
+        198 232 228 63 70 244 168 62 133 208 169 21 164 118 179 70
+        211 148 27 99 71 200 199 234 65 53 34 178 233 77 74 194 47
+        232 114 58 143 68 151 133 31 99 89 171 11 157 178 203 176
+        99 185 30 56 210 54 198 74 171 102 50 61 193 247 166 203
+        120 56 63 32 61 188 78 23 244 53 94 105 26 213 214 151 34
+        65 172 88 220 66 190 147 198 165 215 63 92 122 84 202 206
+        234 75 168 188 68 219 34 158 79 151 1 190 191 74 70 19 118
+        187 11 222 67 44 177 177 18 6 220 184 239 75 186 90 250 71
+        102 183 153 124 225 176 64 244 250 211 153 97 142 226 50
+        193 164 82 7 96 188 138 91 106 39 134 247 250 138 202 231
+        141 231 130 71 181 35 84 131 21 240 154 167 49 34 238 13
+        199 24 160 103 45 29 214 214 82 84 247 241 56 81 69 217 110
+        49 40 48 52 89 28 140 19 254 21 246 250 214 73 151 104 141
+        217 125 8 28 212 219 108 77 38 107 71 120 216 109 66 69 16
+        38 82 128 134 28 156 80 86 73 58 66 99 117 124 158 57 70
+        255 0 181 100 201 60 78 89 81 153 49 200 8 114 63 186 130
+        116 48 99 44 138 63 45 178 123 226 132 186 185 120 226 220
+        97 102 63 196 69 97 52 178 170 171 68 178 242 57 204 109
+        255 0 106 85 169 92 92 179 21 69 112 185 231 32 138 22 195
+        24 41 50 63 213 151 154 140 182 87 118 246 208 73 27 225
+        138 101 126 149 203 122 183 93 117 30 165 38 161 167 94 204
+        208 248 19 164 109 30 48 78 61 8 174 179 185 188 189 92 25
+        97 105 87 248 252 157 197 85 223 17 250 3 72 234 125 66 13
+        98 214 217 180 157 71 112 23 37 99 32 78 61 73 24 239 79 39
+        25 157 120 230 177 233 171 1 248 55 105 213 17 233 144 222
+        220 248 50 217 52 132 194 7 204 23 255 0 154 187 244 141 66
+        229 131 52 208 177 193 218 131 28 154 143 104 115 197 97
+        103 13 142 159 96 237 28 40 168 143 225 156 240 63 252 52
+        217 46 47 152 134 48 50 182 253 196 178 145 71 81 68 114 91
+        118 137 97 184 157 190 85 49 159 102 172 252 67 180 110 96
+        88 154 77 109 119 50 219 170 24 228 45 252 71 109 24 101
+        102 64 162 57 11 247 225 73 197 73 79 147 209 37 141 160
+        167 186 40 14 197 220 115 130 7 165 7 113 54 223 48 243 159
+        85 126 194 182 71 11 42 110 109 229 255 0 216 108 127 133
+        105 72 101 150 243 196 145 88 133 236 2 54 15 247 83 59 176
+        85 5 105 241 55 134 93 243 188 118 52 46 171 34 67 3 185
+        145 93 199 101 3 36 83 68 142 84 92 172 100 125 233 38 189
+        36 203 4 135 240 108 231 30 163 138 165 94 128 145 12 135
+        241 90 158 160 99 86 111 12 54 91 105 201 21 39 134 85 183
+        137 98 82 177 198 6 60 79 251 82 189 46 217 152 134 104 12
+        1 142 78 208 114 104 235 213 217 228 142 57 60 188 6 101
+        237 246 166 173 81 154 62 94 77 44 150 225 83 42 23 213 199
+        155 244 21 29 213 174 34 181 133 247 220 69 1 3 45 52 190
+        103 31 65 255 0 106 47 91 215 45 44 81 252 95 21 220 29 171
+        26 33 44 199 219 21 16 190 126 161 214 8 240 109 13 165 190
+        237 202 146 99 113 250 241 154 41 1 161 62 179 175 104 240
+        69 36 239 49 42 23 205 52 173 134 99 238 61 170 187 215 53
+        233 37 34 230 214 241 150 215 186 60 131 195 76 125 9 239
+        86 14 163 209 114 73 40 146 238 54 109 195 45 189 72 254
+        193 138 135 117 47 195 150 190 148 93 78 178 76 35 253 216
+        201 217 143 246 79 21 130 138 135 172 58 169 217 198 39 142
+        64 252 43 3 197 34 211 238 191 16 134 70 238 220 131 232 69
+        75 117 206 133 188 138 228 205 37 140 174 15 206 242 112
+        168 61 197 71 36 129 44 93 193 85 69 221 181 85 152 3 143
+        240 166 143 96 146 189 131 187 237 63 74 196 29 195 53 186
+        102 73 6 236 167 232 192 255 0 133 106 85 227 140 99 239 79
+        45 128 38 30 212 162 251 139 174 120 230 156 64 8 250 15
+        189 1 168 70 11 124 188 147 223 35 20 189 9 35 116 37 90
+        223 5 128 29 243 65 234 18 255 0 67 184 255 0 116 244 90 41
+        16 1 142 195 222 151 106 24 252 61 194 110 27 188 54 227 61
+        179 78 165 162 110 34 139 47 220 55 251 165 160 238 251 175
+        251 85 234 245 73 118 116 190 131 109 63 174 219 83 53 253
+        234 126 181 234 245 80 80 139 143 222 15 189 122 95 221 143
+        189 122 189 88 198 235 207 234 95 253 163 252 107 86 155
+        251 179 246 175 87 169 31 209 144 77 191 121 255 0 217 173
+        49 127 90 95 246 133 122 189 74 198 143 99 214 236 104 22
+        253 243 125 235 213 234 148 69 126 198 211 251 197 175 79
+        251 179 94 175 80 8 60 191 187 95 181 100 191 184 74 245
+        122 153 244 62 46 204 26 180 183 239 79 218 189 94 166 47
+        30 205 144 126 248 81 147 250 215 171 213 136 100 236 244
+        63 45 125 184 253 239 255 0 109 122 189 80 143 177 51 91
+        252 181 157 167 205 94 175 85 95 208 154 161 175 147 126
+        234 111 246 63 235 94 175 83 46 204 129 173 191 131 237 91
+        117 15 221 138 245 122 156 192 58 215 249 246 111 247 149
+        242 127 221 39 251 85 234 245 17 88 116 223 212 135 218 148
+        220 254 224 87 171 212 16 77 109 253 105 105 76 159 214 222
+        189 94 162 140 205 87 255 0 50 255 0 179 88 71 242 10 245
+        122 156 64 133 253 217 161 174 254 85 255 0 106 189 94 165
+        125 139 35 47 253 58 105 99 253 68 255 0 186 175 87 168 174
+        133 63 255 217 13 10 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
+        45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 49 49 51 55
+        53 50 50 53 48 51 49 52 52 49 50 56 50 51 50 55 49 54 53 51
+        49 55 50 57 13 10 67 111 110 116 101 110 116 45 68 105 115
+        112 111 115 105 116 105 111 110 58 32 102 111 114 109 45
+        100 97 116 97 59 32 110 97 109 101 61 34 102 105 108 101 50
+        34 59 32 102 105 108 101 110 97 109 101 61 34 116 101 115
+        116 46 116 120 116 34 13 10 67 111 110 116 101 110 116 45
+        84 121 112 101 58 32 116 101 120 116 47 112 108 97 105 110
+        13 10 13 10 116 101 115 116 10 13 10 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
+        45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
+        45 45 49 49 51 55 53 50 50 53 48 51 49 52 52 49 50 56 50 51
+        50 55 49 54 53 51 49 55 50 57 13 10 67 111 110 116 101 110
+        116 45 68 105 115 112 111 115 105 116 105 111 110 58 32 102
+        111 114 109 45 100 97 116 97 59 32 110 97 109 101 61 34 102
+        105 108 101 51 34 59 32 102 105 108 101 110 97 109 101 61
+        34 34 13 10 67 111 110 116 101 110 116 45 84 121 112 101 58
+        32 97 112 112 108 105 99 97 116 105 111 110 47 111 99 116
+        101 116 45 115 116 114 101 97 109 13 10 13 10 13 10 45 45
+        45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
+        45 45 45 45 45 45 45 49 49 51 55 53 50 50 53 48 51 49 52 52
+        49 50 56 50 51 50 55 49 54 53 51 49 55 50 57 45 45 13 10
+    } ;
+
+: test-file ( bytes -- seq )
+    binary <byte-reader> parse-multipart ;
+
+: test-file1 ( bytes -- ? )
+    test-file
+    first [ filename>> "dog.jpg" = ] [ name>> "file1" = ]
+    [ path>> md5 checksum-file B{ 172 192 179 2 18 210 155 156 115 186 169 30 147 51 91 82 } = ] tri and and ;
+
+: test-file2 ( bytes -- ? )
+    test-file
+    second [ filename>> "test.txt" = ] [ name>> "file2" = ]
+    [ path>> ascii file-contents "test\n" = ] tri and and ;
+
+: test-file3 ( bytes -- ? )
+    test-file
+    third [ filename>> "" = ]
+    [ name>> "file3" = ]
+    [ path>> file-info size>> 0 = ] tri and and ;
+
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-firefox test-file1 ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-firefox test-file2 ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-firefox test-file3 ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-safari test-file1 ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-safari test-file2 ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ dog-test-empty-bytes-safari test-file3 ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/mime/multipart/multipart.factor b/basis/mime/multipart/multipart.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e44f163ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/mime/multipart/multipart.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors combinators io kernel locals math multiline
+sequences splitting prettyprint namespaces http.parsers
+ascii assocs unicode.case io.files.unique io.files io.encodings.binary
+byte-arrays io.encodings make fry ;
+IN: mime.multipart
+
+TUPLE: multipart-stream stream n leftover separator ;
+
+: <multipart-stream> ( stream separator -- multipart-stream )
+    multipart-stream new
+        swap >>separator
+        swap >>stream
+        16 2^ >>n ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: ?append ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq/seq2 )
+    over [ append ] [ nip ] if ;
+
+: ?cut* ( seq n -- before after )
+    over length over <= [ drop f swap ] [ cut* ] if ;
+    
+: read-n ( stream -- bytes end-stream? )
+    [ f ] change-leftover
+    [ n>> ] [ stream>> ] bi stream-read [ ?append ] keep not ;
+
+: multipart-split ( bytes separator -- before after seq=? )
+    2dup sequence= [ 2drop f f t ] [ split1 f ] if ;
+
+:: multipart-step-found ( bytes stream quot: ( bytes -- ) -- ? )
+    bytes [ quot unless-empty ]
+    [ stream (>>leftover) quot unless-empty ] if-empty f ; inline
+
+:: multipart-step-not-found ( bytes stream end-stream? separator quot: ( bytes -- ) -- ? )
+    bytes end-stream? [
+        quot unless-empty f
+    ] [
+        separator length 1- ?cut* stream (>>leftover)
+        quot unless-empty t
+    ] if ; inline
+
+:: multipart-step ( stream bytes end-stream? separator quot: ( bytes -- ) -- ? end-stream? )
+    #! return t to loop again
+    bytes separator multipart-split
+    [ 2drop f ]
+    [
+        [ stream quot multipart-step-found ]
+        [ stream end-stream? separator quot multipart-step-not-found ] if*
+    ] if stream leftover>> end-stream? not or >boolean ;
+
+
+:: multipart-step-loop ( stream quot1: ( bytes -- ) -- ? )
+    stream dup [ read-n ] [ separator>> ] bi quot1 multipart-step
+    swap [ drop stream quot1 multipart-step-loop ] when ; inline recursive
+
+SYMBOL: header
+SYMBOL: parsed-header
+SYMBOL: magic-separator
+
+: trim-blanks ( str -- str' ) [ blank? ] trim ;
+
+: trim-quotes ( str -- str' )
+    [ [ CHAR: " = ] [ CHAR: ' = ] bi or ] trim ;
+
+: parse-content-disposition ( str -- content-disposition hash )
+    ";" split [ first ] [ rest-slice ] bi [ "=" split ] map
+    [ [ trim-blanks ] [ trim-quotes ] bi* ] H{ } assoc-map-as ;
+
+: parse-multipart-header ( string -- headers )
+    "\r\n" split harvest
+    [ parse-header-line first2 ] H{ } map>assoc ;
+
+ERROR: expected-file ;
+
+TUPLE: uploaded-file path filename name ;
+
+: (parse-multipart) ( stream -- ? )
+    "\r\n\r\n" >>separator
+    header off
+    dup [ header [ prepend ] change ] multipart-step-loop drop
+    header get dup magic-separator get [ length ] bi@ < [
+        2drop f
+    ] [
+        parse-multipart-header
+        parsed-header set
+        "\r\n" magic-separator get append >>separator
+        "factor-upload" "httpd" make-unique-file tuck
+        binary [ [ write ] multipart-step-loop ] with-file-writer swap
+        "content-disposition" parsed-header get at parse-content-disposition
+        nip [ "filename" swap at ] [ "name" swap at ] bi
+        uploaded-file boa ,
+    ] if ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: parse-multipart ( stream -- array )
+    [
+        "\r\n" <multipart-stream>
+        magic-separator off
+        dup [ magic-separator [ prepend ] change ]
+            multipart-step-loop drop
+        '[ [ _ (parse-multipart) ] loop ] { } make
+    ] with-scope ;
diff --git a/core/grouping/authors.txt b/basis/mime/types/authors.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 100%
rename from core/grouping/authors.txt
rename to basis/mime/types/authors.txt
diff --git a/basis/mime-types/mime.types b/basis/mime/types/mime.types
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/mime-types/mime.types
rename to basis/mime/types/mime.types
diff --git a/basis/mime-types/mime-types-docs.factor b/basis/mime/types/types-docs.factor
similarity index 90%
rename from basis/mime-types/mime-types-docs.factor
rename to basis/mime/types/types-docs.factor
index b7fa46d587..fc14227e2d 100644
--- a/basis/mime-types/mime-types-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/mime/types/types-docs.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: assocs help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string sequences ;
-IN: mime-types
+IN: mime.types
 
 HELP: mime-db
 { $values
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ HELP: nonstandard-mime-types
      { "assoc" assoc } }
 { $description "A list of Factor-specific MIME types that are added to the MIME database loaded from disk." } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "mime-types" "MIME types"
-"The " { $vocab-link "mime-types" } " vocabulary loads a file of MIME types and provides a word to look up the MIME type based on a file extension." $nl
+ARTICLE: "mime.types" "MIME types"
+"The " { $vocab-link "mime.types" } " vocabulary loads a file of MIME types and provides a word to look up the MIME type based on a file extension." $nl
 "Looking up a MIME type:"
 { $subsection mime-type } ;
 
-ABOUT: "mime-types"
+ABOUT: "mime.types"
diff --git a/basis/mime-types/mime-types-tests.factor b/basis/mime/types/types-tests.factor
similarity index 77%
rename from basis/mime-types/mime-types-tests.factor
rename to basis/mime/types/types-tests.factor
index 925eca2e9d..63535afa9a 100644
--- a/basis/mime-types/mime-types-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/mime/types/types-tests.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-IN: mime-types.tests
-USING: mime-types tools.test ;
+IN: mime.types.tests
+USING: mime.types tools.test ;
 
 [ "application/postscript" ] [ "foo.ps" mime-type ] unit-test
 [ "application/octet-stream" ] [ "foo.ps.gz" mime-type ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/mime-types/mime-types.factor b/basis/mime/types/types.factor
similarity index 91%
rename from basis/mime-types/mime-types.factor
rename to basis/mime/types/types.factor
index 909f762c50..bb0d674f23 100644
--- a/basis/mime-types/mime-types.factor
+++ b/basis/mime/types/types.factor
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: io.files io.encodings.ascii assocs sequences splitting
 kernel namespaces fry memoize ;
-IN: mime-types
+IN: mime.types
 
 MEMO: mime-db ( -- seq )
-    "resource:basis/mime-types/mime.types" ascii file-lines
+    "resource:basis/mime/types/mime.types" ascii file-lines
     [ "#" head? not ] filter [ " \t" split harvest ] map harvest ;
 
 : nonstandard-mime-types ( -- assoc )
diff --git a/basis/models/filter/filter-docs.factor b/basis/models/filter/filter-docs.factor
index 8c50aac65b..c3f4df3250 100644
--- a/basis/models/filter/filter-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/models/filter/filter-docs.factor
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ HELP: filter
 } ;
 
 HELP: <filter>
-{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } } { "filter" "a new " { $link filter } } }
+{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } } { "filter" "a new " { $link filter } } }
 { $description "Creates a new instance of " { $link filter } ". The value of the new filter model is computed by applying the quotation to the value." }
 { $examples "See the example in the documentation for " { $link filter } "." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/models/history/history.factor b/basis/models/history/history.factor
index caf6f39d5c..90d6b594ff 100644
--- a/basis/models/history/history.factor
+++ b/basis/models/history/history.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ TUPLE: history < model back forward ;
 
 : go-back/forward ( history to from -- )
     [ 2drop ]
-    [ >r dupd (add-history) r> pop swap set-model ] if-empty ;
+    [ [ dupd (add-history) ] dip pop swap set-model ] if-empty ;
 
 : go-back ( history -- )
     dup [ forward>> ] [ back>> ] bi go-back/forward ;
diff --git a/basis/models/models-docs.factor b/basis/models/models-docs.factor
index 97e4557ada..5295420ee3 100644
--- a/basis/models/models-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/models/models-docs.factor
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ HELP: set-model
 { set-model change-model (change-model) } related-words
 
 HELP: change-model
-{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } } }
+{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the current value of the model to yield a new value, then changes the value of the model to the new value, and calls " { $link model-changed } " on all observers registered with " { $link add-connection } "." } ;
 
 HELP: (change-model)
-{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } } }
+{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the current value of the model to yield a new value, then changes the value of the model to the new value without notifying any observers registered with " { $link add-connection } "." }
 { $notes "There are very few reasons for user code to call this word. Instead, call " { $link change-model } ", which notifies observers." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/models/models.factor b/basis/models/models.factor
index 45519f7021..5da564b9d0 100644
--- a/basis/models/models.factor
+++ b/basis/models/models.factor
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ M: model update-model drop ;
     ] if ;
 
 : ((change-model)) ( model quot -- newvalue model )
-    over >r >r value>> r> call r> ; inline
+    over [ [ value>> ] dip call ] dip ; inline
 
 : change-model ( model quot -- )
     ((change-model)) set-model ; inline
diff --git a/basis/models/range/range.factor b/basis/models/range/range.factor
index 8e230a2d0c..53d99ab162 100644
--- a/basis/models/range/range.factor
+++ b/basis/models/range/range.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ IN: models.range
 
 TUPLE: range < compose ;
 
-: <range> ( value min max page -- range )
+: <range> ( value page min max -- range )
     4array [ <model> ] map range new-compose ;
 
 : range-model ( range -- model ) dependencies>> first ;
diff --git a/basis/multiline/multiline.factor b/basis/multiline/multiline.factor
index ecbe9e668f..64d4b1a041 100644
--- a/basis/multiline/multiline.factor
+++ b/basis/multiline/multiline.factor
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 : (parse-multiline-string) ( start-index end-text -- end-index )
     lexer get line-text>> [
         2dup start
-        [ rot dupd >r >r swap subseq % r> r> length + ] [
+        [ rot dupd [ swap subseq % ] 2dip length + ] [
             rot tail % "\n" % 0
             lexer get next-line swap (parse-multiline-string)
         ] if*
diff --git a/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays-tests.factor b/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a0eef7227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+USING: nibble-arrays tools.test sequences kernel math ;
+IN: nibble-arrays.tests
+
+[ t ] [ 16 dup >nibble-array sequence= ] unit-test
+[ N{ 4 2 1 3 } ] [ N{ 3 1 2 4 } reverse ] unit-test
+[ N{ 1 4 9 0 9 4 } ] [ N{ 1 2 3 4 5 6 } [ sq ] map ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays.factor b/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c753d0fb78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/nibble-arrays/nibble-arrays.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: math kernel sequences sequences.private byte-arrays
+alien.c-types prettyprint.backend parser accessors ;
+IN: nibble-arrays
+
+TUPLE: nibble-array
+{ length array-capacity read-only }
+{ underlying byte-array read-only } ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: nibble BIN: 1111 ; inline
+
+: nibbles>bytes 1 + 2/ ; inline
+
+: byte/nibble ( n -- shift n' )
+    [ 1 bitand 2 shift ] [ -1 shift ] bi ; inline
+
+: get-nibble ( n byte -- nibble )
+    swap neg shift nibble bitand ; inline
+
+: set-nibble ( value n byte -- byte' )
+    nibble pick shift bitnot bitand -rot shift bitor ; inline
+
+: nibble@ ( n nibble-array -- shift n' byte-array )
+    [ >fixnum byte/nibble ] [ underlying>> ] bi* ; inline
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: <nibble-array> ( n -- nibble-array )
+    dup nibbles>bytes <byte-array> nibble-array boa ; inline
+
+M: nibble-array length length>> ;
+
+M: nibble-array nth-unsafe
+    nibble@ nth-unsafe get-nibble ;
+
+M: nibble-array set-nth-unsafe
+    nibble@ [ nth-unsafe set-nibble ] 2keep set-nth-unsafe ;
+
+M: nibble-array clone
+    [ length>> ] [ underlying>> clone ] bi nibble-array boa ;
+
+: >nibble-array ( seq -- nibble-array )
+    T{ nibble-array } clone-like ; inline
+
+M: nibble-array like
+    drop dup nibble-array? [ >nibble-array ] unless ;
+
+M: nibble-array new-sequence drop <nibble-array> ;
+
+M: nibble-array equal?
+    over nibble-array? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+
+M: nibble-array resize
+    [ drop ] [
+        [ nibbles>bytes ] [ underlying>> ] bi*
+        resize-byte-array
+    ] 2bi
+    nibble-array boa ;
+
+M: nibble-array byte-length length nibbles>bytes ;
+
+: N{ \ } [ >nibble-array ] parse-literal ; parsing
+
+INSTANCE: nibble-array sequence
+
+M: nibble-array pprint-delims drop \ N{ \ } ;
+M: nibble-array >pprint-sequence ;
+M: nibble-array pprint* pprint-object ;
diff --git a/basis/opengl/gl/extensions/extensions.factor b/basis/opengl/gl/extensions/extensions.factor
index fd547c8b5a..ea37829d0e 100644
--- a/basis/opengl/gl/extensions/extensions.factor
+++ b/basis/opengl/gl/extensions/extensions.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-USING: alien alien.syntax combinators kernel parser sequences
-system words namespaces hashtables init math arrays assocs
-continuations lexer ;
+USING: alien alien.syntax alien.parser combinators
+kernel parser sequences system words namespaces hashtables init
+math arrays assocs continuations lexer fry locals ;
 IN: opengl.gl.extensions
 
 ERROR: unknown-gl-platform ;
@@ -30,12 +30,23 @@ reset-gl-function-number-counter
 : gl-function-pointer ( names n -- funptr )
     gl-function-context 2array dup +gl-function-pointers+ get-global at
     [ 2nip ] [
-        >r [ gl-function-address ] map [ ] find nip
-        dup [ "OpenGL function not available" throw ] unless
-        dup r>
+        [
+            [ gl-function-address ] map [ ] find nip
+            dup [ "OpenGL function not available" throw ] unless
+            dup
+        ] dip
         +gl-function-pointers+ get-global set-at
     ] if* ;
 
+: indirect-quot ( function-ptr-quot return types abi -- quot )
+    '[ @  _ _ _ alien-indirect ] ;
+
+:: define-indirect ( abi return function-ptr-quot function-name parameters -- )
+    function-name create-in dup reset-generic
+    function-ptr-quot return
+    parameters return parse-arglist [ abi indirect-quot ] dip
+    define-declared ;
+
 : GL-FUNCTION:
     gl-function-calling-convention
     scan
diff --git a/basis/opengl/gl/windows/tags.txt b/basis/opengl/gl/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 02ec70f741..6bf68304bb
--- a/basis/opengl/gl/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/opengl/gl/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 unportable
-windows
diff --git a/basis/opengl/opengl-docs.factor b/basis/opengl/opengl-docs.factor
index 87981789a7..b1ea89178b 100644
--- a/basis/opengl/opengl-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/opengl/opengl-docs.factor
@@ -9,14 +9,6 @@ HELP: gl-color
 HELP: gl-error
 { $description "If the most recent OpenGL call resulted in an error, print the error to " { $link output-stream } "." } ;
 
-HELP: do-state
-  {
-    $values
-      { "mode" { "One of the " { $link "opengl-geometric-primitives" } } }
-      { "quot" quotation }
-  }
-{ $description "Wraps a quotation in " { $link glBegin } "/" { $link glEnd } " calls." } ;
-
 HELP: do-enabled
 { $values { "what" integer } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Wraps a quotation in " { $link glEnable } "/" { $link glDisable } " calls." } ;
@@ -25,37 +17,17 @@ HELP: do-matrix
 { $values { "mode" { $link GL_MODELVIEW } " or " { $link GL_PROJECTION } } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Saves and restores the matrix specified by " { $snippet "mode" } " before and after calling the quotation." } ;
 
-HELP: gl-vertex
-{ $values { "point" "a pair of integers" } }
-{ $description "Wrapper for " { $link glVertex2d } " taking a point object." } ;
-
 HELP: gl-line
 { $values { "a" "a pair of integers" } { "b" "a pair of integers" } }
 { $description "Draws a line between two points." } ;
 
 HELP: gl-fill-rect
-{ $values { "loc" "a pair of integers" } { "ext" "a pair of integers" } }
-{ $description "Draws a filled rectangle with top-left corner " { $snippet "loc" } " and bottom-right corner " { $snippet "ext" } "." } ;
+{ $values { "dim" "a pair of integers" } }
+{ $description "Draws a filled rectangle with the top-left corner at the origin and the given dimensions." } ;
 
 HELP: gl-rect
-{ $values { "loc" "a pair of integers" } { "ext" "a pair of integers" } }
-{ $description "Draws the outline of a rectangle with top-left corner " { $snippet "loc" } " and bottom-right corner " { $snippet "ext" } "." } ;
-
-HELP: rect-vertices
-{ $values { "lower-left" "A pair of numbers indicating the lower-left coordinates of the rectangle." } { "upper-right" "The upper-right coordinates of the rectangle." } }
-{ $description "Emits" { $link glVertex2d } " calls outlining the axis-aligned rectangle from " { $snippet "lower-left" } " to " { $snippet "upper-right" } " on the z=0 plane in counterclockwise order." } ;
-
-HELP: gl-fill-poly
-{ $values { "points" "a sequence of pairs of integers" } }
-{ $description "Draws a filled polygon." } ;
-
-HELP: gl-poly
-{ $values { "points" "a sequence of pairs of integers" } }
-{ $description "Draws the outline of a polygon." } ;
-
-HELP: gl-gradient
-{ $values { "direction" "an orientation specifier" } { "colors" "a sequence of color specifiers" } { "dim" "a pair of integers" } }
-{ $description "Draws a rectangle with top-left corner " { $snippet "{ 0 0 }" } " and dimensions " { $snippet "dim" } ", filled with a smoothly shaded transition between the colors in " { $snippet "colors" } "." } ;
+{ $values { "dim" "a pair of integers" } }
+{ $description "Draws the outline of a rectangle with the top-left corner at the origin and the given dimensions." } ;
 
 HELP: gen-texture
 { $values { "id" integer } }
@@ -131,12 +103,10 @@ $nl
 { $subsection "opengl-low-level" }
 "Wrappers:"
 { $subsection gl-color }
-{ $subsection gl-vertex }
 { $subsection gl-translate }
 { $subsection gen-texture }
 { $subsection bind-texture-unit }
 "Combinators:"
-{ $subsection do-state }
 { $subsection do-enabled }
 { $subsection do-attribs }
 { $subsection do-matrix }
@@ -146,9 +116,6 @@ $nl
 { $subsection gl-line }
 { $subsection gl-fill-rect }
 { $subsection gl-rect }
-{ $subsection gl-fill-poly }
-{ $subsection gl-poly }
-{ $subsection gl-gradient }
 ;
 
 ABOUT: "gl-utilities"
diff --git a/basis/opengl/opengl.factor b/basis/opengl/opengl.factor
index 5d9baf644d..10f9c57a83 100644
--- a/basis/opengl/opengl.factor
+++ b/basis/opengl/opengl.factor
@@ -2,97 +2,112 @@
 ! Portions copyright (C) 2007 Eduardo Cavazos.
 ! Portions copyright (C) 2008 Joe Groff.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-
 USING: alien alien.c-types continuations kernel libc math macros
-       namespaces math.vectors math.constants math.functions
-       math.parser opengl.gl opengl.glu combinators arrays sequences
-       splitting words byte-arrays assocs colors accessors ;
-
+namespaces math.vectors math.constants math.functions
+math.parser opengl.gl opengl.glu combinators arrays sequences
+splitting words byte-arrays assocs colors accessors
+generalizations locals specialized-arrays.float
+specialized-arrays.uint ;
 IN: opengl
 
-: coordinates ( point1 point2 -- x1 y2 x2 y2 )
-    [ first2 ] bi@ ;
-
-: fix-coordinates ( point1 point2 -- x1 y2 x2 y2 )
-    [ first2 [ >fixnum ] bi@ ] bi@ ;
-
 : color>raw ( object -- r g b a )
-    >rgba { [ red>> ] [ green>> ] [ blue>> ] [ alpha>> ] } cleave ;
+    >rgba { [ red>> ] [ green>> ] [ blue>> ] [ alpha>> ] } cleave ; inline
 
 : gl-color ( color -- ) color>raw glColor4d ; inline
 
-: gl-clear-color ( color -- )
-    color>raw glClearColor ;
+: gl-clear-color ( color -- ) color>raw glClearColor ;
 
 : gl-clear ( color -- )
     gl-clear-color GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT glClear ;
 
-: set-color ( object -- ) color>raw glColor4d ;
-: set-clear-color ( object -- ) color>raw glClearColor ;
-
 : gl-error ( -- )
     glGetError dup zero? [
         "GL error: " over gluErrorString append throw
     ] unless drop ;
 
-: do-state ( mode quot -- )
-    swap glBegin call glEnd ; inline
-
 : do-enabled ( what quot -- )
     over glEnable dip glDisable ; inline
+
 : do-enabled-client-state ( what quot -- )
     over glEnableClientState dip glDisableClientState ; inline
 
 : words>values ( word/value-seq -- value-seq )
-    [ dup word? [ execute ] [ ] if ] map ;
+    [ dup word? [ execute ] when ] map ;
 
 : (all-enabled) ( seq quot -- )
     over [ glEnable ] each dip [ glDisable ] each ; inline
+
 : (all-enabled-client-state) ( seq quot -- )
     [ dup [ glEnableClientState ] each ] dip
     dip
     [ glDisableClientState ] each ; inline
 
 MACRO: all-enabled ( seq quot -- )
-    >r words>values r> [ (all-enabled) ] 2curry ;
+    [ words>values ] dip [ (all-enabled) ] 2curry ;
+
 MACRO: all-enabled-client-state ( seq quot -- )
-    >r words>values r> [ (all-enabled-client-state) ] 2curry ;
+    [ words>values ] dip [ (all-enabled-client-state) ] 2curry ;
 
 : do-matrix ( mode quot -- )
     swap [ glMatrixMode glPushMatrix call ] keep
     glMatrixMode glPopMatrix ; inline
 
-: gl-vertex ( point -- )
-    dup length {
-        { 2 [ first2 glVertex2d ] }
-        { 3 [ first3 glVertex3d ] }
-        { 4 [ first4 glVertex4d ] }
-    } case ;
-
-: gl-normal ( normal -- ) first3 glNormal3d ;
-
 : gl-material ( face pname params -- )
-    >c-float-array glMaterialfv ;
+    float-array{ } like underlying>> glMaterialfv ;
+
+: gl-vertex-pointer ( seq -- )
+    [ 2 GL_FLOAT 0 ] dip underlying>> glVertexPointer ; inline
+
+: gl-color-pointer ( seq -- )
+    [ 4 GL_FLOAT 0 ] dip underlying>> glColorPointer ; inline
+
+: gl-texture-coord-pointer ( seq -- )
+    [ 2 GL_FLOAT 0 ] dip underlying>> glTexCoordPointer ; inline
+
+: line-vertices ( a b -- )
+    [ first2 [ 0.5 + ] bi@ ] bi@ 4 float-array{ } nsequence
+    gl-vertex-pointer ;
 
 : gl-line ( a b -- )
-    GL_LINES [ gl-vertex gl-vertex ] do-state ;
+    line-vertices GL_LINES 0 2 glDrawArrays ;
 
-: gl-fill-rect ( loc ext -- )
-    coordinates glRectd ;
+: (rect-vertices) ( dim -- vertices )
+    #! We use GL_LINE_STRIP with a duplicated first vertex
+    #! instead of GL_LINE_LOOP to work around a bug in Apple's
+    #! X3100 driver.
+    {
+        [ drop 0.5 0.5 ]
+        [ first 0.3 - 0.5 ]
+        [ [ first 0.3 - ] [ second 0.3 - ] bi ]
+        [ second 0.3 - 0.5 swap ]
+        [ drop 0.5 0.5 ]
+    } cleave 10 float-array{ } nsequence ;
 
-: gl-rect ( loc ext -- )
-    GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_LINE glPolygonMode
-    >r { 0.5 0.5 } v+ r> { 0.5 0.5 } v- gl-fill-rect
-    GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_FILL glPolygonMode ;
+: rect-vertices ( dim -- )
+    (rect-vertices) gl-vertex-pointer ;
 
-: (gl-poly) ( points state -- )
-    [ [ gl-vertex ] each ] do-state ;
+: (gl-rect) ( -- )
+    GL_LINE_STRIP 0 5 glDrawArrays ;
 
-: gl-fill-poly ( points -- )
-    dup length 2 > GL_POLYGON GL_LINES ? (gl-poly) ;
+: gl-rect ( dim -- )
+    rect-vertices (gl-rect) ;
 
-: gl-poly ( points -- )
-    GL_LINE_LOOP (gl-poly) ;
+: (fill-rect-vertices) ( dim -- vertices )
+    {
+        [ drop 0 0 ]
+        [ first 0 ]
+        [ first2 ]
+        [ second 0 swap ]
+    } cleave 8 float-array{ } nsequence ;
+
+: fill-rect-vertices ( dim -- )
+    (fill-rect-vertices) gl-vertex-pointer ;
+
+: (gl-fill-rect) ( -- )
+    GL_QUADS 0 4 glDrawArrays ;
+
+: gl-fill-rect ( dim -- )
+    fill-rect-vertices (gl-fill-rect) ;
 
 : circle-steps ( steps -- angles )
     dup length v/n 2 pi * v*n ;
@@ -109,35 +124,33 @@ MACRO: all-enabled-client-state ( seq quot -- )
 : circle-points ( loc dim steps -- points )
     circle-steps unit-circle adjust-points scale-points ;
 
-: gl-circle ( loc dim steps -- )
-    circle-points gl-poly ;
+: close-path ( points -- points' )
+    dup first suffix ;
 
-: gl-fill-circle ( loc dim steps -- )
-    circle-points gl-fill-poly ;
+: circle-vertices ( loc dim steps -- vertices )
+    #! We use GL_LINE_STRIP with a duplicated first vertex
+    #! instead of GL_LINE_LOOP to work around a bug in Apple's
+    #! X3100 driver.
+    circle-points close-path concat >float-array ;
 
-: prepare-gradient ( direction dim -- v1 v2 )
-    tuck v* [ v- ] keep ;
-
-: gl-gradient ( direction colors dim -- )
-    GL_QUAD_STRIP [
-        swap >r prepare-gradient r>
-        [ length dup 1- v/n ] keep [
-            >r >r 2dup r> r> set-color v*n
-            dup gl-vertex v+ gl-vertex
-        ] 2each 2drop
-    ] do-state ;
+: fill-circle-vertices ( loc dim steps -- vertices )
+    circle-points concat >float-array ;
 
 : (gen-gl-object) ( quot -- id )
-    >r 1 0 <uint> r> keep *uint ; inline
+    [ 1 0 <uint> ] dip keep *uint ; inline
+
 : gen-texture ( -- id )
     [ glGenTextures ] (gen-gl-object) ;
+
 : gen-gl-buffer ( -- id )
     [ glGenBuffers ] (gen-gl-object) ;
 
 : (delete-gl-object) ( id quot -- )
-    >r 1 swap <uint> r> call ; inline
+    [ 1 swap <uint> ] dip call ; inline
+
 : delete-texture ( id -- )
     [ glDeleteTextures ] (delete-gl-object) ;
+
 : delete-gl-buffer ( id -- )
     [ glDeleteBuffers ] (delete-gl-object) ;
 
@@ -152,7 +165,7 @@ MACRO: all-enabled-client-state ( seq quot -- )
 
 : <gl-buffer> ( target data hint -- id )
     pick gen-gl-buffer [ [
-        >r dup byte-length swap r> glBufferData
+        [ dup byte-length swap ] dip glBufferData
     ] with-gl-buffer ] keep ;
 
 : buffer-offset ( int -- alien )
@@ -162,7 +175,7 @@ MACRO: all-enabled-client-state ( seq quot -- )
     glActiveTexture swap glBindTexture gl-error ;
 
 : (set-draw-buffers) ( buffers -- )
-    dup length swap >c-uint-array glDrawBuffers ;
+    [ length ] [ >uint-array underlying>> ] bi glDrawBuffers ;
 
 MACRO: set-draw-buffers ( buffers -- )
     words>values [ (set-draw-buffers) ] curry ;
@@ -186,9 +199,11 @@ TUPLE: sprite loc dim dim2 dlist texture ;
     gen-texture [
         GL_TEXTURE_BIT [
             GL_TEXTURE_2D swap glBindTexture
-            >r >r GL_TEXTURE_2D 0 GL_RGBA r>
-            sprite-size2 0 GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA
-            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE r> glTexImage2D
+            [
+                [ GL_TEXTURE_2D 0 GL_RGBA ] dip
+                sprite-size2 0 GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA
+                GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE
+            ] dip glTexImage2D
         ] do-attribs
     ] keep ;
     
@@ -205,35 +220,18 @@ TUPLE: sprite loc dim dim2 dlist texture ;
 
 : gl-translate ( point -- ) first2 0.0 glTranslated ;
 
-<PRIVATE
-
-: top-left drop 0 0 glTexCoord2i 0.0 0.0 glVertex2d ; inline
-
-: top-right 1 0 glTexCoord2i first 0.0 glVertex2d ; inline
-
-: bottom-left 0 1 glTexCoord2i second 0.0 swap glVertex2d ; inline
-
-: bottom-right 1 1 glTexCoord2i gl-vertex ; inline
-
-PRIVATE>
-
-: four-sides ( dim -- )
-    dup top-left dup top-right dup bottom-right bottom-left ;
+: rect-texture-coords ( -- )
+    float-array{ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 } gl-texture-coord-pointer ;
 
 : draw-sprite ( sprite -- )
-    dup loc>> gl-translate
-    GL_TEXTURE_2D over texture>> glBindTexture
-    init-texture
-    GL_QUADS [ dim2>> four-sides ] do-state
-    GL_TEXTURE_2D 0 glBindTexture ;
-
-: rect-vertices ( lower-left upper-right -- )
-    GL_QUADS [
-        over first2 glVertex2d
-        dup first pick second glVertex2d
-        dup first2 glVertex2d
-        swap first swap second glVertex2d
-    ] do-state ;
+    GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY [
+        dup loc>> gl-translate
+        GL_TEXTURE_2D over texture>> glBindTexture
+        init-texture rect-texture-coords
+        dim2>> fill-rect-vertices
+        (gl-fill-rect)
+        GL_TEXTURE_2D 0 glBindTexture
+    ] do-enabled-client-state ;
 
 : make-sprite-dlist ( sprite -- id )
     GL_MODELVIEW [
@@ -254,7 +252,10 @@ PRIVATE>
     [ nip [ free-sprite ] when* ] assoc-each ;
 
 : with-translation ( loc quot -- )
-    GL_MODELVIEW [ >r gl-translate r> call ] do-matrix ; inline
+    GL_MODELVIEW [ [ gl-translate ] dip call ] do-matrix ; inline
+
+: fix-coordinates ( point1 point2 -- x1 y2 x2 y2 )
+    [ first2 [ >fixnum ] bi@ ] bi@ ;
 
 : gl-set-clip ( loc dim -- )
     fix-coordinates glScissor ;
diff --git a/basis/openssl/libssl/libssl.factor b/basis/openssl/libssl/libssl.factor
index f1dc21f993..30501a6105 100644
--- a/basis/openssl/libssl/libssl.factor
+++ b/basis/openssl/libssl/libssl.factor
@@ -234,13 +234,13 @@ FUNCTION: void SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa_callback ( SSL_CTX* ctx, void* rsa ) ;
 FUNCTION: void* BIO_f_ssl (  ) ;
 
 : SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa ( ctx rsa -- n )
-    >r SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA 0 r> SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
+    [ SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_RSA 0 ] dip SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
 
 : SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh ( ctx dh -- n )
-    >r SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH 0 r> SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
+    [ SSL_CTRL_SET_TMP_DH 0 ] dip SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
 
 : SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode ( ctx mode -- n )
-    >r SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE r> f SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
+    [ SSL_CTRL_SET_SESS_CACHE_MODE ] dip f SSL_CTX_ctrl ;
 
 : SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF                      HEX: 0000 ; inline
 : SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT                   HEX: 0001 ; inline
diff --git a/basis/openssl/openssl.factor b/basis/openssl/openssl.factor
index 284e42cd1b..8f14c60e14 100644
--- a/basis/openssl/openssl.factor
+++ b/basis/openssl/openssl.factor
@@ -1,25 +1,13 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, Slava Pestov, Elie CHAFTARI.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors byte-arrays kernel debugger sequences namespaces math
-math.order combinators init alien alien.c-types alien.strings libc
-continuations destructors debugger summary splitting assocs
-random math.parser locals unicode.case
-openssl.libcrypto openssl.libssl
-io.backend io.ports io.files io.encodings.8-bit io.sockets.secure
-io.timeouts ;
+USING: init kernel namespaces openssl.libcrypto openssl.libssl
+sequences ;
 IN: openssl
 
 ! This code is based on http://www.rtfm.com/openssl-examples/
 
 SINGLETON: openssl
 
-GENERIC: ssl-method ( symbol -- method )
-
-M: SSLv2  ssl-method drop SSLv2_client_method ;
-M: SSLv23 ssl-method drop SSLv23_method ;
-M: SSLv3  ssl-method drop SSLv3_method ;
-M: TLSv1  ssl-method drop TLSv1_method ;
-
 : (ssl-error-string) ( n -- string )
     ERR_clear_error f ERR_error_string ;
 
@@ -47,183 +35,3 @@ SYMBOL: ssl-initialized?
     ] unless ;
 
 [ f ssl-initialized? set-global ] "openssl" add-init-hook
-
-TUPLE: openssl-context < secure-context aliens sessions ;
-
-: set-session-cache ( ctx -- )
-    handle>>
-    [ SSL_SESS_CACHE_BOTH SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode ssl-error ]
-    [ 32 random-bits >hex dup length SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context ssl-error ]
-    bi ;
-
-: load-certificate-chain ( ctx -- )
-    dup config>> key-file>> [
-        [ handle>> ] [ config>> key-file>> (normalize-path) ] bi
-        SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file
-        ssl-error
-    ] [ drop ] if ;
-
-: password-callback ( -- alien )
-    "int" { "void*" "int" "bool" "void*" } "cdecl"
-    [| buf size rwflag password! |
-        password [ B{ 0 } password! ] unless
-
-        [let | len [ password strlen ] |
-            buf password len 1+ size min memcpy
-            len
-        ]
-    ] alien-callback ;
-
-: default-pasword ( ctx -- alien )
-    [ config>> password>> latin1 malloc-string ] [ aliens>> ] bi
-    [ push ] [ drop ] 2bi ;
-
-: set-default-password ( ctx -- )
-    [ handle>> password-callback SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb ]
-    [
-        [ handle>> ] [ default-pasword ] bi
-        SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata
-    ] bi ;
-
-: use-private-key-file ( ctx -- )
-    dup config>> key-file>> [
-        [ handle>> ] [ config>> key-file>> (normalize-path) ] bi
-        SSL_FILETYPE_PEM SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file
-        ssl-error
-    ] [ drop ] if ;
-
-: load-verify-locations ( ctx -- )
-    dup config>> [ ca-file>> ] [ ca-path>> ] bi or [
-        [ handle>> ]
-        [
-            config>>
-            [ ca-file>> dup [ (normalize-path) ] when ]
-            [ ca-path>> dup [ (normalize-path) ] when ] bi
-        ] bi
-        SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations
-    ] [ handle>> SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths ] if ssl-error ;
-
-: set-verify-depth ( ctx -- )
-    dup config>> verify-depth>> [
-        [ handle>> ] [ config>> verify-depth>> ] bi
-        SSL_CTX_set_verify_depth
-    ] [ drop ] if ;
-
-TUPLE: bio handle disposed ;
-
-: <bio> ( handle -- bio ) f bio boa ;
-
-M: bio dispose* handle>> BIO_free ssl-error ;
-
-: <file-bio> ( path -- bio )
-    normalize-path "r" BIO_new_file dup ssl-error <bio> ;
-
-: load-dh-params ( ctx -- )
-    dup config>> dh-file>> [
-        [ handle>> ] [ config>> dh-file>> ] bi <file-bio> &dispose
-        handle>> f f f PEM_read_bio_DHparams dup ssl-error
-        SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh ssl-error
-    ] [ drop ] if ;
-
-TUPLE: rsa handle disposed ;
-
-: <rsa> ( handle -- rsa ) f rsa boa ;
-
-M: rsa dispose* handle>> RSA_free ;
-
-: generate-eph-rsa-key ( ctx -- )
-    [ handle>> ]
-    [
-        config>> ephemeral-key-bits>> RSA_F4 f f RSA_generate_key
-        dup ssl-error <rsa> &dispose handle>>
-    ] bi
-    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_rsa ssl-error ;
-
-: <openssl-context> ( config ctx -- context )
-    openssl-context new
-        swap >>handle
-        swap >>config
-        V{ } clone >>aliens
-        H{ } clone >>sessions ;
-
-M: openssl <secure-context> ( config -- context )
-    maybe-init-ssl
-    [
-        dup method>> ssl-method SSL_CTX_new
-        dup ssl-error <openssl-context> |dispose
-        {
-            [ set-session-cache ]
-            [ load-certificate-chain ]
-            [ set-default-password ]
-            [ use-private-key-file ]
-            [ load-verify-locations ]
-            [ set-verify-depth ]
-            [ load-dh-params ]
-            [ generate-eph-rsa-key ]
-            [ ]
-        } cleave
-    ] with-destructors ;
-
-M: openssl-context dispose*
-    [ aliens>> [ free ] each ]
-    [ sessions>> values [ SSL_SESSION_free ] each ]
-    [ handle>> SSL_CTX_free ]
-    tri ;
-
-TUPLE: ssl-handle file handle connected disposed ;
-
-SYMBOL: default-secure-context
-
-: context-expired? ( context -- ? )
-    dup [ handle>> expired? ] [ drop t ] if ;
-
-: current-secure-context ( -- ctx )
-    secure-context get [
-        default-secure-context get dup context-expired? [
-            drop
-            <secure-config> <secure-context> default-secure-context set-global
-            current-secure-context
-        ] when
-    ] unless* ;
-
-: <ssl-handle> ( fd -- ssl )
-    current-secure-context handle>> SSL_new dup ssl-error
-    f f ssl-handle boa ;
-
-M: ssl-handle dispose*
-    [ handle>> SSL_free ] [ file>> dispose ] bi ;
-
-: check-verify-result ( ssl-handle -- )
-    SSL_get_verify_result dup X509_V_OK =
-    [ drop ] [ verify-message certificate-verify-error ] if ;
-
-: common-name ( certificate -- host )
-    X509_get_subject_name
-    NID_commonName 256 <byte-array>
-    [ 256 X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID ] keep
-    swap -1 = [ drop f ] [ latin1 alien>string ] if ;
-
-: common-names-match? ( expected actual -- ? )
-    [ >lower ] bi@ "*." ?head [ tail? ] [ = ] if ;
-
-: check-common-name ( host ssl-handle -- )
-    SSL_get_peer_certificate common-name
-    2dup common-names-match?
-    [ 2drop ] [ common-name-verify-error ] if ;
-
-M: openssl check-certificate ( host ssl -- )
-    current-secure-context config>> verify>> [
-        handle>>
-        [ nip check-verify-result ]
-        [ check-common-name ]
-        2bi
-    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
-
-: get-session ( addrspec -- session/f )
-    current-secure-context sessions>> at
-    dup expired? [ drop f ] when ;
-
-: save-session ( session addrspec -- )
-    current-secure-context sessions>> set-at ;
-
-openssl secure-socket-backend set-global
diff --git a/basis/peg/parsers/parsers.factor b/basis/peg/parsers/parsers.factor
index 5739482093..7434ca6a7a 100644
--- a/basis/peg/parsers/parsers.factor
+++ b/basis/peg/parsers/parsers.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Chris Double, Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences strings namespaces make math assocs
-shuffle vectors arrays math.parser accessors unicode.categories
+vectors arrays math.parser accessors unicode.categories
 sequences.deep peg peg.private peg.search math.ranges words ;
 IN: peg.parsers
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ M: just-parser (compile) ( parser -- quot )
 : 1token ( ch -- parser ) 1string token ;
 
 : (list-of) ( items separator repeat1? -- parser )
-  >r over 2seq r> [ repeat1 ] [ repeat0 ] if [ concat ] action 2seq
+  [ over 2seq ] dip [ repeat1 ] [ repeat0 ] if [ concat ] action 2seq
   [ unclip 1vector swap first append ] action ;
 
 : list-of ( items separator -- parser )
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ PRIVATE>
   [ flatten-vectors ] action ;
 
 : from-m-to-n ( parser m n -- parser' )
-  >r [ exactly-n ] 2keep r> swap - at-most-n 2seq
+  [ [ exactly-n ] 2keep ] dip swap - at-most-n 2seq
   [ flatten-vectors ] action ;
 
 : pack ( begin body end -- parser )
-  >r >r hide r> r> hide 3seq [ first ] action ;
+  [ hide ] 2dip hide 3seq [ first ] action ;
 
 : surrounded-by ( parser begin end -- parser' )
   [ token ] bi@ swapd pack ;
diff --git a/basis/peg/peg-docs.factor b/basis/peg/peg-docs.factor
index 00390c1b1e..976c32d102 100644
--- a/basis/peg/peg-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/peg/peg-docs.factor
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ HELP: optional
 HELP: semantic
 { $values 
   { "parser" "a parser" } 
-  { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( object -- bool )" } 
+  { "quot" { $quotation "( object -- ? )" } } 
 }
 { $description 
     "Returns a parser that succeeds if the 'p1' parser succeeds and the quotation called with "
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ HELP: ensure-not
 HELP: action
 { $values 
   { "parser" "a parser" } 
-  { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( ast -- ast )" } 
+  { "quot" { $quotation "( ast -- ast )" } } 
 }
 { $description 
     "Returns a parser that calls the 'p1' parser and applies the quotation to the AST resulting "
diff --git a/basis/peg/peg.factor b/basis/peg/peg.factor
index cc13d5d425..1fb5909bcf 100644
--- a/basis/peg/peg.factor
+++ b/basis/peg/peg.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Chris Double.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences strings fry namespaces make math assocs
-shuffle debugger io vectors arrays math.parser math.order
+debugger io vectors arrays math.parser math.order
 vectors combinators classes sets unicode.categories
 compiler.units parser words quotations effects memoize accessors
 locals effects splitting combinators.short-circuit
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ TUPLE: peg-head rule-id involved-set eval-set ;
   pos set dup involved-set>> clone >>eval-set drop ;
 
 : (grow-lr) ( h p r: ( -- result ) m -- )
-  >r >r [ setup-growth ] 2keep r> r>
-  >r dup eval-rule r> swap
+  [ [ setup-growth ] 2keep ] 2dip
+  [ dup eval-rule ] dip swap
   dup pick stop-growth? [
     5 ndrop
   ] [
@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ TUPLE: peg-head rule-id involved-set eval-set ;
   ] if ; inline recursive
  
 : grow-lr ( h p r m -- ast )
-  >r >r [ heads set-at ] 2keep r> r>
-  pick over >r >r (grow-lr) r> r>
+  [ [ heads set-at ] 2keep ] 2dip
+  pick over [ (grow-lr) ] 2dip
   swap heads delete-at
   dup pos>> pos set ans>>
   ; inline
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ TUPLE: token-parser symbol ;
   [ ?head-slice ] keep swap [
     <parse-result> f f add-error
   ] [
-    >r drop pos get "token '" r> append "'" append 1vector add-error f
+    [ drop pos get "token '" ] dip append "'" append 1vector add-error f
   ] if ;
 
 M: token-parser (compile) ( peg -- quot )
diff --git a/basis/persistent/hashtables/hashtables.factor b/basis/persistent/hashtables/hashtables.factor
index a867dbb2e3..e50fd52c10 100644
--- a/basis/persistent/hashtables/hashtables.factor
+++ b/basis/persistent/hashtables/hashtables.factor
@@ -53,3 +53,6 @@ M: persistent-hash clone ;
 M: persistent-hash pprint-delims drop \ PH{ \ } ;
 M: persistent-hash >pprint-sequence >alist ;
 M: persistent-hash pprint* pprint-object ;
+
+: passociate ( value key -- phash )
+    T{ persistent-hash } new-at ; inline
diff --git a/basis/persistent/sequences/sequences.factor b/basis/persistent/sequences/sequences.factor
index 961e8bfce7..5503e369b4 100644
--- a/basis/persistent/sequences/sequences.factor
+++ b/basis/persistent/sequences/sequences.factor
@@ -14,3 +14,6 @@ M: sequence ppop 1 head* ;
 GENERIC: new-nth ( val i seq -- seq' )
 
 M: sequence new-nth clone [ set-nth ] keep ;
+
+: changed-nth ( i seq quot -- seq' )
+    [ [ nth ] dip call ] [ drop new-nth ] 3bi ; inline
diff --git a/basis/present/present-docs.factor b/basis/present/present-docs.factor
index bda7723173..0428235c2a 100644
--- a/basis/present/present-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/present/present-docs.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ ARTICLE: "present" "Converting objects to human-readable strings"
 HELP: present
 { $values { "object" object } { "string" string } }
 { $contract "Outputs a human-readable string from an object." }
-{ $notes "New methods can be defined by user code. Most often, this is done so that the object can be used with various words in the " { $vocab-link "html.components" } " or " { $link "urls" } " vocabularies." } ;
+{ $notes "New methods can be defined by user code. Most often, this is done so that the object can be used with various words in the " { $vocab-link "html.components" } " or " { $vocab-link "urls" } " vocabularies." } ;
 
 ABOUT: "present"
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend-docs.factor b/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend-docs.factor
index cc4f5cedb5..64e1fd45ff 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend-docs.factor
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ HELP: nesting-limit?
 $prettyprinting-note ;
 
 HELP: check-recursion
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- )" } } }
 { $description "If the object is already being printed, that is, if the prettyprinter has encountered a cycle in the object graph, or if the maximum nesting depth has been reached, outputs a dummy string. Otherwise applies the quotation to the object." }
 $prettyprinting-note ;
 
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend.factor b/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend.factor
index b749bd63eb..7a5b16a3c2 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/backend/backend.factor
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ M: effect pprint* effect>string "(" swap ")" 3append text ;
 : ?end-group ( word -- )
     ?effect-height 0 < [ end-group ] when ;
 
-\ >r hard "break-before" set-word-prop
-\ r> hard "break-after" set-word-prop
-
 ! Atoms
 : word-style ( word -- style )
     dup "word-style" word-prop >hashtable [
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ M: f pprint* drop \ f pprint-word ;
     ] H{ } make-assoc ;
 
 : unparse-string ( str prefix suffix -- str )
-    [ >r % do-string-limit [ unparse-ch ] each r> % ] "" make ;
+    [ [ % do-string-limit [ unparse-ch ] each ] dip % ] "" make ;
 
 : pprint-string ( obj str prefix suffix -- )
     unparse-string swap string-style styled-text ;
@@ -156,13 +153,13 @@ M: tuple pprint*
 : do-length-limit ( seq -- trimmed n/f )
     length-limit get dup [
         over length over [-]
-        dup zero? [ 2drop f ] [ >r head r> ] if
+        dup zero? [ 2drop f ] [ [ head ] dip ] if
     ] when ;
 
 : pprint-elements ( seq -- )
-    do-length-limit >r
-    [ pprint* ] each
-    r> [ "~" swap number>string " more~" 3append text ] when* ;
+    do-length-limit
+    [ [ pprint* ] each ] dip
+    [ "~" swap number>string " more~" 3append text ] when* ;
 
 GENERIC: pprint-delims ( obj -- start end )
 
@@ -206,26 +203,20 @@ M: tuple pprint-narrow? drop t ;
 : pprint-object ( obj -- )
     [
         <flow
-        dup pprint-delims >r pprint-word
-        dup pprint-narrow? <inset
-        >pprint-sequence pprint-elements
-        block> r> pprint-word block>
+        dup pprint-delims [
+            pprint-word
+            dup pprint-narrow? <inset
+            >pprint-sequence pprint-elements
+            block>
+        ] dip pprint-word block>
     ] check-recursion ;
 
 M: object pprint* pprint-object ;
 M: vector pprint* pprint-object ;
+M: byte-vector pprint* pprint-object ;
 M: hashtable pprint* pprint-object ;
-
-M: curry pprint*
-    dup quot>> callable? [ pprint-object ] [
-        "( invalid curry )" swap present-text
-    ] if ;
-
-M: compose pprint*
-    dup [ first>> callable? ] [ second>> callable? ] bi and
-    [ pprint-object ] [
-        "( invalid compose )" swap present-text
-    ] if ;
+M: curry pprint* pprint-object ;
+M: compose pprint* pprint-object ;
 
 M: wrapper pprint*
     dup wrapped>> word? [
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-docs.factor b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-docs.factor
index 44cf5f724f..3c004e5b30 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: prettyprint.backend prettyprint.config
 prettyprint.sections prettyprint.private help.markup help.syntax
-io kernel words definitions quotations strings ;
+io kernel words definitions quotations strings generic classes ;
 IN: prettyprint
 
 ARTICLE: "prettyprint-numbers" "Prettyprinting numbers"
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ ARTICLE: "prettyprint-stacks" "Prettyprinting stacks"
 "Prettyprinting any stack:"
 { $subsection stack. }
 "Prettyprinting any call stack:"
-{ $subsection callstack. } ;
+{ $subsection callstack. }
+"Note that calls to " { $link .s } " can also be included inside words as a debugging aid, however a more convenient way to achieve this is to use the annotation facility. See " { $link "tools.annotations" } "." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "prettyprint-variables" "Prettyprint control variables"
 "The following variables affect the " { $link . } " and " { $link pprint } " words if set in the current dynamic scope:"
@@ -150,6 +151,8 @@ $nl
 { $subsection pprint-cell }
 "Printing a definition (see " { $link "definitions" } "):"
 { $subsection see }
+"Printing the methods defined on a generic word or class (see " { $link "objects" } "):"
+{ $subsection see-methods }
 "More prettyprinter usage:"
 { $subsection "prettyprint-numbers" }
 { $subsection "prettyprint-stacks" }
@@ -167,17 +170,26 @@ HELP: with-pprint
 
 HELP: pprint
 { $values { "obj" object } }
-{ $description "Prettyprints an object to " { $link output-stream } ". Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." } ;
+{ $description "Prettyprints an object to " { $link output-stream } ". Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." }
+{ $warning
+    "Unparsing a large object can take a long time and consume a lot of memory. If you need to print large objects, use " { $link pprint-short } " or set some " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } " to limit output size."
+} ;
 
 { pprint pprint* with-pprint } related-words
 
 HELP: .
 { $values { "obj" object } }
-{ $description "Prettyprints an object to " { $link output-stream } " with a trailing line break. Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." } ;
+{ $description "Prettyprints an object to " { $link output-stream } " with a trailing line break. Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." }
+{ $warning
+    "Printing a large object can take a long time and consume a lot of memory. If you need to print large objects, use " { $link short. } " or set some " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } " to limit output size."
+} ;
 
 HELP: unparse
 { $values { "obj" object } { "str" "Factor source string" } }
-{ $description "Outputs a prettyprinted string representation of an object. Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." } ;
+{ $description "Outputs a prettyprinted string representation of an object. Output is influenced by many variables; see " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } "." }
+{ $warning
+    "Unparsing a large object can take a long time and consume a lot of memory. If you need to unparse large objects, use " { $link unparse-short } " or set some " { $link "prettyprint-variables" } " to limit output size."
+} ;
 
 HELP: pprint-short
 { $values { "obj" object } }
@@ -240,6 +252,10 @@ HELP: see
 { $values { "defspec" "a definition specifier" } }
 { $contract "Prettyprints a definition." } ;
 
+HELP: see-methods
+{ $values { "word" "a " { $link generic } " or a " { $link class } } }
+{ $contract "Prettyprints the methods defined on a generic word or class." } ;
+
 HELP: definer
 { $values { "defspec" "a definition specifier" } { "start" word } { "end" "a word or " { $link f } } }
 { $contract "Outputs the parsing words which delimit the definition." }
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-tests.factor b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-tests.factor
index 6a4ac71eb8..648c707967 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint-tests.factor
@@ -135,20 +135,6 @@ M: object method-layout ;
     [ \ method-layout see-methods ] with-string-writer "\n" split
 ] unit-test
 
-: retain-stack-test
-    {
-        "USING: io kernel sequences words ;"
-        "IN: prettyprint.tests"
-        ": retain-stack-layout ( x -- )"
-        "    dup stream-readln stream-readln"
-        "    >r [ define ] map r>"
-        "    define ;"
-    } ;
-
-[ t ] [
-    "retain-stack-layout" retain-stack-test check-see
-] unit-test
-
 : soft-break-test
     {
         "USING: kernel math sequences strings ;"
@@ -164,19 +150,6 @@ M: object method-layout ;
     "soft-break-layout" soft-break-test check-see
 ] unit-test
 
-: another-retain-layout-test
-    {
-        "USING: kernel sequences ;"
-        "IN: prettyprint.tests"
-        ": another-retain-layout ( seq1 seq2 quot -- newseq )"
-        "    -rot 2dup dupd min-length [ each drop roll ] map"
-        "    >r 3drop r> ; inline"
-    } ;
-
-[ t ] [
-    "another-retain-layout" another-retain-layout-test check-see
-] unit-test
-
 DEFER: parse-error-file
 
 : another-soft-break-test
@@ -219,8 +192,7 @@ DEFER: parse-error-file
         "USING: kernel sequences ;"
         "IN: prettyprint.tests"
         ": final-soft-break-layout ( class dim -- view )"
-        "    >r \"alloc\" send 0 0 r>"
-        "    first2 <NSRect>"
+        "    [ \"alloc\" send 0 0 ] dip first2 <NSRect>"
         "    <PixelFormat> \"initWithFrame:pixelFormat:\" send"
         "    dup 1 \"setPostsBoundsChangedNotifications:\" send"
         "    dup 1 \"setPostsFrameChangedNotifications:\" send ;"
@@ -323,10 +295,6 @@ M: class-see-layout class-see-layout ;
     [ 2 break 2 \ + (step-into-execute) . ] (remove-breakpoints)
 ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ 1 \ + curry unparse drop ] unit-test
-
-[ ] [ 1 \ + compose unparse drop ] unit-test
-
 GENERIC: generic-see-test-with-f ( obj -- obj )
 
 M: f generic-see-test-with-f ;
@@ -355,3 +323,13 @@ INTERSECTION: intersection-see-test sequence number ;
 [ ] [ \ curry see ] unit-test
 
 [ "POSTPONE: [" ] [ \ [ unparse ] unit-test
+    
+TUPLE: started-out-hustlin' ;
+
+GENERIC: ended-up-ballin'
+
+M: started-out-hustlin' ended-up-ballin' ; inline
+
+[ "USING: prettyprint.tests ;\nM: started-out-hustlin' ended-up-ballin' ; inline\n" ] [
+    [ { started-out-hustlin' ended-up-ballin' } see ] with-string-writer
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint.factor b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint.factor
index b0293a8759..82acef9b72 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/prettyprint.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ prettyprint.config sorting splitting grouping math.parser vocabs
 definitions effects classes.builtin classes.tuple io.files
 classes continuations hashtables classes.mixin classes.union
 classes.intersection classes.predicate classes.singleton
-combinators quotations sets accessors colors ;
+combinators quotations sets accessors colors parser ;
 IN: prettyprint
 
 : make-pprint ( obj quot -- block in use )
@@ -44,12 +44,28 @@ IN: prettyprint
         ] with-pprint nl
     ] unless-empty ;
 
-: vocabs. ( in use -- )
+: use/in. ( in use -- )
     dupd remove [ { "syntax" "scratchpad" } member? not ] filter
     use. in. ;
 
+: vocab-names ( words -- vocabs )
+    dictionary get
+    [ [ words>> eq? nip ] with assoc-find 2drop ] curry map sift ;
+
+: prelude. ( -- )
+    in get use get vocab-names use/in. ;
+
+[
+    nl
+    "Restarts were invoked adding vocabularies to the search path." print
+    "To avoid doing this in the future, add the following USING:" print
+    "and IN: forms at the top of the source file:" print nl
+    prelude.
+    nl
+] print-use-hook set-global
+
 : with-use ( obj quot -- )
-    make-pprint vocabs. do-pprint ; inline
+    make-pprint use/in. do-pprint ; inline
 
 : with-in ( obj quot -- )
     make-pprint drop [ write-in bl ] when* do-pprint ; inline
@@ -253,6 +269,9 @@ M: object see
         block>
     ] with-use nl ;
 
+M: method-spec see
+    first2 method see ;
+
 GENERIC: see-class* ( word -- )
 
 M: union-class see-class*
@@ -351,9 +370,12 @@ M: word see
 : (see-methods) ( generic -- seq )
     "methods" word-prop values natural-sort ;
 
-: see-methods ( word -- )
+: methods ( word -- seq )
     [
         dup class? [ dup (see-implementors) % ] when
         dup generic? [ dup (see-methods) % ] when
         drop
-    ] { } make prune see-all ;
+    ] { } make prune ;
+
+: see-methods ( word -- )
+    methods see-all ;
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections-docs.factor b/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections-docs.factor
index 842a36a13b..4f1c073a2d 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections-docs.factor
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ HELP: save-end-position
 { $description "Save the current position as the end position of the block." } ;
 
 HELP: pprint-sections
-{ $values { "block" block } { "advancer" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( block -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "block" block } { "advancer" { $quotation "( block -- )" } } }
 { $description "Prints child sections of a block, ignoring any " { $link line-break } " sections. The " { $snippet "advancer" } " quotation is called between every pair of sections." } ;
 
 HELP: do-break
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ HELP: empty-block?
 { $description "Tests if the block has no child sections." } ;
 
 HELP: if-nonempty
-{ $values { "block" block } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( block -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "block" block } { "quot" { $quotation "( block -- )" } } }
 { $description "If the block has child sections, calls the quotation, otherwise does nothing." } ;
 
 HELP: (<block)
diff --git a/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections.factor b/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections.factor
index a629ca6fff..102d005f39 100644
--- a/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections.factor
+++ b/basis/prettyprint/sections/sections.factor
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TUPLE: pprinter last-newline line-count indent ;
 
 : text-fits? ( len -- ? )
     margin get dup zero?
-    [ 2drop t ] [ >r pprinter get indent>> + r> <= ] if ;
+    [ 2drop t ] [ [ pprinter get indent>> + ] dip <= ] if ;
 
 ! break only if position margin 2 / >
 SYMBOL: soft
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ M: block short-section ( block -- )
 : empty-block? ( block -- ? ) sections>> empty? ;
 
 : if-nonempty ( block quot -- )
-    >r dup empty-block? [ drop ] r> if ; inline
+    [ dup empty-block? [ drop ] ] dip if ; inline
 
 : (<block) ( block -- ) pprinter-stack get push ;
 
diff --git a/basis/qualified/qualified-docs.factor b/basis/qualified/qualified-docs.factor
index 067d221d2f..828d811b46 100644
--- a/basis/qualified/qualified-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/qualified/qualified-docs.factor
@@ -4,14 +4,21 @@ IN: qualified
 HELP: QUALIFIED:
 { $syntax "QUALIFIED: vocab" }
 { $description "Similar to " { $link POSTPONE: USE: } " but loads vocabulary with prefix." }
-{ $examples { $code
-    "QUALIFIED: math\n1 2 math:+ ! ==> 3" } } ;
+{ $examples { $example
+    "USING: prettyprint qualified ;"
+    "QUALIFIED: math"
+    "1 2 math:+ ." "3"
+} } ;
 
 HELP: QUALIFIED-WITH:
 { $syntax "QUALIFIED-WITH: vocab word-prefix" }
 { $description "Works like " { $link POSTPONE: QUALIFIED: } " but uses " { $snippet "word-prefix" } " as prefix." }
 { $examples { $code
-    "QUALIFIED-WITH: math m\n1 2 m:+ ! ==> 3" } } ;
+    "USING: prettyprint qualified ;"
+    "QUALIFIED-WITH: math m"
+    "1 2 m:+ ."
+    "3"
+} } ;
 
 HELP: FROM:
 { $syntax "FROM: vocab => words ... ;" }
@@ -28,9 +35,12 @@ HELP: EXCLUDE:
 HELP: RENAME:
 { $syntax "RENAME: word vocab => newname " }
 { $description "Imports " { $snippet "word" } " from " { $snippet "vocab" } ", but renamed to " { $snippet "newname" } "." }
-{ $examples { $code
+{ $examples { $example
+    "USING: prettyprint qualified ;"
     "RENAME: + math => -"
-    "2 3 - ! => 5" } } ;
+    "2 3 - ."
+    "5"
+} } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "qualified" "Qualified word lookup"
 "The " { $vocab-link "qualified" } " vocabulary provides a handful of parsing words which give more control over word lookup than is offered by " { $link POSTPONE: USE: } " and " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } "."
diff --git a/basis/qualified/qualified.factor b/basis/qualified/qualified.factor
index d387ef4b0e..25d04ed929 100644
--- a/basis/qualified/qualified.factor
+++ b/basis/qualified/qualified.factor
@@ -17,15 +17,13 @@ IN: qualified
     #! Syntax: QUALIFIED-WITH: vocab prefix
     scan scan define-qualified ; parsing
 
-: expect=> ( -- ) scan "=>" assert= ;
-
 : partial-vocab ( words vocab -- assoc )
     '[ dup _ lookup [ no-word-error ] unless* ]
     { } map>assoc ;
 
 : FROM:
     #! Syntax: FROM: vocab => words... ;
-    scan dup load-vocab drop expect=>
+    scan dup load-vocab drop "=>" expect
     ";" parse-tokens swap partial-vocab use get push ; parsing
 
 : partial-vocab-excluding ( words vocab -- assoc )
@@ -33,13 +31,13 @@ IN: qualified
 
 : EXCLUDE:
     #! Syntax: EXCLUDE: vocab => words ... ;
-    scan expect=>
+    scan "=>" expect
     ";" parse-tokens swap partial-vocab-excluding use get push ; parsing
 
 : RENAME:
     #! Syntax: RENAME: word vocab => newname
     scan scan dup load-vocab drop
     dupd lookup [ ] [ no-word-error ] ?if
-    expect=>
+    "=>" expect
     scan associate use get push ; parsing
 
diff --git a/basis/random/mersenne-twister/mersenne-twister.factor b/basis/random/mersenne-twister/mersenne-twister.factor
index 712883e4b8..3097eafd15 100644
--- a/basis/random/mersenne-twister/mersenne-twister.factor
+++ b/basis/random/mersenne-twister/mersenne-twister.factor
@@ -2,48 +2,54 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 ! mersenne twister based on 
 ! http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/CODES/mt19937ar.c
-USING: arrays kernel math namespaces sequences system init
-accessors math.ranges random circular math.bitwise
-combinators ;
+USING: kernel math namespaces sequences sequences.private system
+init accessors math.ranges random math.bitwise combinators
+specialized-arrays.uint fry ;
 IN: random.mersenne-twister
 
 <PRIVATE
 
-TUPLE: mersenne-twister seq i ;
+TUPLE: mersenne-twister { seq uint-array } { i fixnum } ;
 
 : mt-n 624 ; inline
 : mt-m 397 ; inline
 : mt-a HEX: 9908b0df ; inline
 
+: wrap-nth ( n seq -- obj )
+    [ length mod ] keep nth-unsafe ; inline
+
+: set-wrap-nth ( obj n seq -- )
+    [ length mod ] keep set-nth-unsafe ; inline
+
 : calculate-y ( n seq -- y )
-    [ nth 32 mask-bit ]
-    [ [ 1+ ] [ nth ] bi* 31 bits ] 2bi bitor ; inline
+    [ wrap-nth 31 mask-bit ]
+    [ [ 1+ ] [ wrap-nth ] bi* 31 bits ] 2bi bitor ; inline
 
 : (mt-generate) ( n seq -- next-mt )
     [
         calculate-y
         [ 2/ ] [ odd? mt-a 0 ? ] bi bitxor
     ] [
-        [ mt-m + ] [ nth ] bi*
-    ] 2bi bitxor ;
+        [ mt-m + ] [ wrap-nth ] bi*
+    ] 2bi bitxor ; inline
 
 : mt-generate ( mt -- )
     [
-        mt-n swap seq>> [
-            [ (mt-generate) ] [ set-nth ] 2bi
-        ] curry each
-    ] [ 0 >>i drop ] bi ;
+        mt-n swap seq>> '[
+            _ [ (mt-generate) ] [ set-wrap-nth ] 2bi
+        ] each
+    ] [ 0 >>i drop ] bi ; inline
 
 : init-mt-formula ( i seq -- f(seq[i]) )
-    dupd nth dup -30 shift bitxor 1812433253 * + 1+ 32 bits ;
+    dupd wrap-nth dup -30 shift bitxor 1812433253 * + 1+ 32 bits ; inline
 
 : init-mt-rest ( seq -- )
-    mt-n 1- swap [
-        [ init-mt-formula ] [ >r 1+ r> set-nth ] 2bi
-    ] curry each ;
+    mt-n 1- swap '[
+        _ [ init-mt-formula ] [ [ 1+ ] dip set-wrap-nth ] 2bi
+    ] each ; inline
 
 : init-mt-seq ( seed -- seq )
-    32 bits mt-n 0 <array> <circular>
+    32 bits mt-n <uint-array>
     [ set-first ] [ init-mt-rest ] [ ] tri ;
 
 : mt-temper ( y -- yt )
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ TUPLE: mersenne-twister seq i ;
     dup -18 shift bitxor ; inline
 
 : next-index  ( mt -- i )
-    dup i>> dup mt-n < [ nip ] [ drop mt-generate 0 ] if ;
+    dup i>> dup mt-n < [ nip ] [ drop mt-generate 0 ] if ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@ M: mersenne-twister seed-random ( mt seed -- )
 
 M: mersenne-twister random-32* ( mt -- r )
     [ next-index ]
-    [ seq>> nth mt-temper ]
+    [ seq>> wrap-nth mt-temper ]
     [ [ 1+ ] change-i drop ] tri ;
 
 USE: init
diff --git a/basis/random/random.factor b/basis/random/random.factor
index a0b62cf7de..5c93606ab5 100755
--- a/basis/random/random.factor
+++ b/basis/random/random.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien.c-types kernel math namespaces sequences
 io.backend io.binary combinators system vocabs.loader
-summary math.bitwise ;
+summary math.bitwise byte-vectors fry byte-arrays ;
 IN: random
 
 SYMBOL: system-random-generator
@@ -14,7 +14,12 @@ GENERIC: random-32* ( tuple -- r )
 GENERIC: random-bytes* ( n tuple -- byte-array )
 
 M: object random-bytes* ( n tuple -- byte-array )
-    [ random-32* ] curry replicate [ 4 >le ] map concat ;
+    [ [ <byte-vector> ] keep 4 /mod ] dip tuck
+    [ pick '[ _ random-32* 4 >le _ push-all ] times ]
+    [
+        over zero?
+        [ 2drop ] [ random-32* 4 >le swap head over push-all ] if
+    ] 2bi* ;
 
 M: object random-32* ( tuple -- r ) 4 random-bytes* le> ;
 
@@ -28,16 +33,13 @@ M: f random-bytes* ( n obj -- * ) no-random-number-generator ;
 M: f random-32* ( obj -- * ) no-random-number-generator ;
 
 : random-bytes ( n -- byte-array )
-    [
-        dup 3 mask zero? [ 1+ ] unless
-        random-generator get random-bytes*
-    ] keep head ;
+    random-generator get random-bytes* ;
 
 <PRIVATE
 
 : random-integer ( n -- n' )
     dup log2 7 + 8 /i 1+
-    [ random-bytes byte-array>bignum ]
+    [ random-bytes >byte-array byte-array>bignum ]
     [ 3 shift 2^ ] bi / * >integer ;
 
 PRIVATE>
diff --git a/basis/random/windows/tags.txt b/basis/random/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 02ec70f741..6bf68304bb
--- a/basis/random/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/random/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 unportable
-windows
diff --git a/basis/regexp/backend/backend.factor b/basis/regexp/backend/backend.factor
index 1a261fb0af..5eff0579c8 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/backend/backend.factor
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors hashtables kernel math state-tables vars vectors ;
+USING: accessors hashtables kernel math vectors ;
 IN: regexp.backend
 
 TUPLE: regexp
     raw
-    { stack vector }
-    parse-tree
     { options hashtable }
+    stack
+    parse-tree
     nfa-table
     dfa-table
     minimized-table
+    matchers
     { nfa-traversal-flags hashtable }
     { dfa-traversal-flags hashtable }
     { state integer }
diff --git a/basis/regexp/classes/classes.factor b/basis/regexp/classes/classes.factor
index a2d91b97fb..eec0d309b1 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/classes/classes.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/classes/classes.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel math math.order symbols regexp.parser
+USING: accessors kernel math math.order symbols 
 words regexp.utils unicode.categories combinators.short-circuit ;
 IN: regexp.classes
 
+SINGLETONS: any-char any-char-no-nl
+letter-class LETTER-class Letter-class digit-class
+alpha-class non-newline-blank-class
+ascii-class punctuation-class java-printable-class blank-class
+control-character-class hex-digit-class java-blank-class c-identifier-class
+unmatchable-class terminator-class word-boundary-class ;
+
+SINGLETONS: beginning-of-input beginning-of-line
+end-of-input end-of-line ;
+
+MIXIN: node
+TUPLE: character-class-range from to ; INSTANCE: character-class-range node
+
 GENERIC: class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
 
-M: word class-member? ( obj class -- ? ) 2drop f ;
+M: t class-member? ( obj class -- ? ) 2drop f ;
+
 M: integer class-member? ( obj class -- ? ) 2drop f ;
 
 M: character-class-range class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
@@ -14,7 +28,10 @@ M: character-class-range class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
 
 M: any-char class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
     2drop t ;
-    
+
+M: any-char-no-nl class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
+    drop CHAR: \n = not ;
+
 M: letter-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
     drop letter? ;
             
@@ -30,6 +47,10 @@ M: ascii-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
 M: digit-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
     drop digit? ;
 
+M: c-identifier-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
+    drop
+    { [ digit? ] [ Letter? ] [ CHAR: _ = ] } 1|| ;
+
 M: alpha-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
     drop alpha? ;
 
@@ -53,3 +74,18 @@ M: java-blank-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
 
 M: unmatchable-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
     2drop f ;
+
+M: terminator-class class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
+    drop {
+        [ CHAR: \r = ]
+        [ CHAR: \n = ]
+        [ CHAR: \u000085 = ]
+        [ CHAR: \u002028 = ]
+        [ CHAR: \u002029 = ]
+    } 1|| ;
+
+M: beginning-of-line class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
+    2drop f ;
+
+M: end-of-line class-member? ( obj class -- ? )
+    2drop f ;
diff --git a/basis/regexp/dfa/dfa.factor b/basis/regexp/dfa/dfa.factor
index ef985258fd..0abd1c2edc 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/dfa/dfa.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/dfa/dfa.factor
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ IN: regexp.dfa
         dupd pop dup pick find-transitions rot
         [
             [ [ find-closure ] 2keep nip dupd add-todo-state ] 3keep
-            >r swapd transition make-transition r> dfa-table>> add-transition 
+            [ swapd transition make-transition ] dip
+            dfa-table>> add-transition 
         ] curry with each
         new-transitions
     ] if-empty ;
diff --git a/basis/regexp/nfa/nfa.factor b/basis/regexp/nfa/nfa.factor
index 72d0fe970b..7620652948 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/nfa/nfa.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/nfa/nfa.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays assocs grouping kernel regexp.backend
-locals math namespaces regexp.parser sequences state-tables fry
-quotations math.order math.ranges vectors unicode.categories
-regexp.utils regexp.transition-tables words sets ;
+locals math namespaces regexp.parser sequences fry quotations
+math.order math.ranges vectors unicode.categories regexp.utils
+regexp.transition-tables words sets regexp.classes unicode.case ;
 IN: regexp.nfa
 
 SYMBOL: negation-mode
@@ -18,6 +18,17 @@ SINGLETON: lookbehind-on INSTANCE: lookbehind-on traversal-flag
 SINGLETON: lookbehind-off INSTANCE: lookbehind-off traversal-flag
 SINGLETON: capture-group-on INSTANCE: capture-group-on traversal-flag
 SINGLETON: capture-group-off INSTANCE: capture-group-off traversal-flag
+SINGLETON: front-anchor INSTANCE: front-anchor traversal-flag
+SINGLETON: back-anchor INSTANCE: back-anchor traversal-flag
+SINGLETON: word-boundary INSTANCE: word-boundary traversal-flag
+
+: options ( -- obj ) current-regexp get options>> ;
+
+: option? ( obj -- ? ) options key? ;
+
+: option-on ( obj -- ) options conjoin ;
+
+: option-off ( obj -- ) options delete-at ;
 
 : next-state ( regexp -- state )
     [ state>> ] [ [ 1+ ] change-state drop ] bi ;
@@ -100,6 +111,7 @@ M: kleene-star nfa-node ( node -- )
 
 M: concatenation nfa-node ( node -- )
     seq>>
+    reversed-regexp option? [ <reversed> ] when
     [ [ nfa-node ] each ]
     [ length 1- [ concatenate-nodes ] times ] bi ;
 
@@ -109,16 +121,59 @@ M: alternation nfa-node ( node -- )
     [ length 1- [ alternate-nodes ] times ] bi ;
 
 M: constant nfa-node ( node -- )
-    char>> literal-transition add-simple-entry ;
+    case-insensitive option? [
+        dup char>> [ ch>lower ] [ ch>upper ] bi
+        2dup = [
+            2drop
+            char>> literal-transition add-simple-entry
+        ] [
+            [ literal-transition add-simple-entry ] bi@
+            alternate-nodes drop
+        ] if
+    ] [
+        char>> literal-transition add-simple-entry
+    ] if ;
 
 M: epsilon nfa-node ( node -- )
     drop eps literal-transition add-simple-entry ;
 
-M: word nfa-node ( node -- )
+M: word nfa-node ( node -- ) class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
+M: any-char nfa-node ( node -- )
+    [ dotall option? ] dip any-char-no-nl ?
     class-transition add-simple-entry ;
 
+! M: beginning-of-text nfa-node ( node -- ) ;
+
+M: beginning-of-line nfa-node ( node -- ) class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
+M: end-of-line nfa-node ( node -- ) class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
+: choose-letter-class ( node -- node' )
+    case-insensitive option? Letter-class rot ? ;
+
+M: letter-class nfa-node ( node -- )
+    choose-letter-class class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
+M: LETTER-class nfa-node ( node -- )
+    choose-letter-class class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
 M: character-class-range nfa-node ( node -- )
-    class-transition add-simple-entry ;
+    case-insensitive option? [
+        dup [ from>> ] [ to>> ] bi
+        2dup [ Letter? ] bi@ and [
+            rot drop
+            [ [ ch>lower ] bi@ character-class-range boa ]
+            [ [ ch>upper ] bi@ character-class-range boa ] 2bi 
+            [ class-transition add-simple-entry ] bi@
+            alternate-nodes
+        ] [
+            2drop
+            class-transition add-simple-entry
+        ] if
+    ] [
+        class-transition add-simple-entry
+    ] if ;
 
 M: capture-group nfa-node ( node -- )
     eps literal-transition add-simple-entry
@@ -135,8 +190,6 @@ M: non-capture-group nfa-node ( node -- )
 M: reluctant-kleene-star nfa-node ( node -- )
     term>> <kleene-star> nfa-node ;
 
-!
-
 M: negation nfa-node ( node -- )
     negation-mode inc
     term>> nfa-node 
@@ -158,6 +211,10 @@ M: lookbehind nfa-node ( node -- )
     lookbehind-off add-traversal-flag
     2 [ concatenate-nodes ] times ;
 
+M: option nfa-node ( node -- )
+    [ option>> ] [ on?>> ] bi [ option-on ] [ option-off ] if
+    eps literal-transition add-simple-entry ;
+
 : construct-nfa ( regexp -- )
     [
         reset-regexp
diff --git a/basis/regexp/parser/parser-tests.factor b/basis/regexp/parser/parser-tests.factor
index 0f25b2e3bf..fe4d2f1d1a 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/parser/parser-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/parser/parser-tests.factor
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ IN: regexp.parser
 [ ] [ "(?:a)" test-regexp ] unit-test
 [ ] [ "(?i:a)" test-regexp ] unit-test
 [ ] [ "(?-i:a)" test-regexp ] unit-test
-[ "(?z:a)" test-regexp ] [ bad-option? ] must-fail-with
-[ "(?-z:a)" test-regexp ] [ bad-option? ] must-fail-with
+[ "(?z:a)" test-regexp ] [ unknown-regexp-option? ] must-fail-with
+[ "(?-z:a)" test-regexp ] [ unknown-regexp-option? ] must-fail-with
 
 [ ] [ "(?=a)" test-regexp ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/regexp/parser/parser.factor b/basis/regexp/parser/parser.factor
index d04016b93a..4d8f3ddfbc 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/parser/parser.factor
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@ USING: accessors arrays assocs combinators io io.streams.string
 kernel math math.parser namespaces qualified sets
 quotations sequences splitting symbols vectors math.order
 unicode.categories strings regexp.backend regexp.utils
-unicode.case words ;
+unicode.case words locals regexp.classes ;
 IN: regexp.parser
 
 FROM: math.ranges => [a,b] ;
 
-MIXIN: node
 TUPLE: concatenation seq ; INSTANCE: concatenation node
 TUPLE: alternation seq ; INSTANCE: alternation node
 TUPLE: kleene-star term ; INSTANCE: kleene-star node
@@ -40,34 +39,31 @@ INSTANCE: independent-group parentheses-group
 TUPLE: comment-group term ; INSTANCE: comment-group node
 INSTANCE: comment-group parentheses-group
 
-TUPLE: character-class-range from to ; INSTANCE: character-class-range node
 SINGLETON: epsilon INSTANCE: epsilon node
-SINGLETON: any-char INSTANCE: any-char node
-SINGLETON: front-anchor INSTANCE: front-anchor node
-SINGLETON: back-anchor INSTANCE: back-anchor node
 
-TUPLE: option-on option ; INSTANCE: option-on node
-TUPLE: option-off option ; INSTANCE: option-off node
-SINGLETONS: unix-lines dotall multiline comments case-insensitive unicode-case reversed-regexp ;
+TUPLE: option option on? ; INSTANCE: option node
 
-SINGLETONS: letter-class LETTER-class Letter-class digit-class
-alpha-class non-newline-blank-class
-ascii-class punctuation-class java-printable-class blank-class
-control-character-class hex-digit-class java-blank-class c-identifier-class
-unmatchable-class ;
+SINGLETONS: unix-lines dotall multiline comments case-insensitive
+unicode-case reversed-regexp ;
 
-SINGLETONS: beginning-of-group end-of-group
-beginning-of-character-class end-of-character-class
+SINGLETONS: beginning-of-character-class end-of-character-class
 left-parenthesis pipe caret dash ;
 
-: get-option ( option -- ? ) current-regexp get options>> at ;
-: get-unix-lines ( -- ? ) unix-lines get-option ;
-: get-dotall ( -- ? ) dotall get-option ;
-: get-multiline ( -- ? ) multiline get-option ;
-: get-comments ( -- ? ) comments get-option ;
-: get-case-insensitive ( -- ? ) case-insensitive get-option ;
-: get-unicode-case ( -- ? ) unicode-case get-option ;
-: get-reversed-regexp ( -- ? ) reversed-regexp get-option ;
+: push1 ( obj -- ) input-stream get stream>> push ;
+: peek1 ( -- obj ) input-stream get stream>> [ f ] [ peek ] if-empty ;
+: pop3 ( seq -- obj1 obj2 obj3 ) [ pop ] [ pop ] [ pop ] tri spin ;
+: drop1 ( -- ) read1 drop ;
+
+: stack ( -- obj ) current-regexp get stack>> ;
+: change-whole-stack ( quot -- )
+    current-regexp get
+    [ stack>> swap call ] keep (>>stack) ; inline
+: push-stack ( obj -- ) stack push ;
+: pop-stack ( -- obj ) stack pop ;
+: cut-out ( vector n -- vector' vector ) cut rest ;
+ERROR: cut-stack-error ;
+: cut-stack ( obj vector -- vector' vector )
+    tuck last-index [ cut-stack-error ] unless* cut-out swap ;
 
 : <possessive-kleene-star> ( obj -- kleene ) possessive-kleene-star boa ;
 : <reluctant-kleene-star> ( obj -- kleene ) reluctant-kleene-star boa ;
@@ -76,18 +72,11 @@ left-parenthesis pipe caret dash ;
 
 : <negation> ( obj -- negation ) negation boa ;
 : <concatenation> ( seq -- concatenation )
-    >vector get-reversed-regexp [ reverse ] when
-    [ epsilon ] [ concatenation boa ] if-empty ;
+    >vector [ epsilon ] [ concatenation boa ] if-empty ;
 : <alternation> ( seq -- alternation ) >vector alternation boa ;
 : <capture-group> ( obj -- capture-group ) capture-group boa ;
 : <kleene-star> ( obj -- kleene-star ) kleene-star boa ;
-: <constant> ( obj -- constant )
-    dup Letter? get-case-insensitive and [
-        [ ch>lower constant boa ]
-        [ ch>upper constant boa ] bi 2array <alternation>
-    ] [
-        constant boa
-    ] if ;
+: <constant> ( obj -- constant ) constant boa ;
 
 : first|concatenation ( seq -- first/concatenation )
     dup length 1 = [ first ] [ <concatenation> ] if ;
@@ -96,21 +85,14 @@ left-parenthesis pipe caret dash ;
     dup length 1 = [ first ] [ <alternation> ] if ;
 
 : <character-class-range> ( from to -- obj )
-    2dup [ Letter? ] bi@ or get-case-insensitive and [
-        [ [ ch>lower ] bi@ character-class-range boa ]
-        [ [ ch>upper ] bi@ character-class-range boa ] 2bi
-        2array [ [ from>> ] [ to>> ] bi < ] filter
-        [ unmatchable-class ] [ first|alternation ] if-empty
-    ] [
-        2dup <
-        [ character-class-range boa ] [ 2drop unmatchable-class ] if
-    ] if ;
+    2dup <
+    [ character-class-range boa ] [ 2drop unmatchable-class ] if ;
 
 ERROR: unmatched-parentheses ;
 
-ERROR: bad-option ch ;
+ERROR: unknown-regexp-option option ;
 
-: option ( ch -- singleton )
+: ch>option ( ch -- singleton )
     {
         { CHAR: i [ case-insensitive ] }
         { CHAR: d [ unix-lines ] }
@@ -120,13 +102,21 @@ ERROR: bad-option ch ;
         { CHAR: s [ dotall ] }
         { CHAR: u [ unicode-case ] }
         { CHAR: x [ comments ] }
-        [ bad-option ]
+        [ unknown-regexp-option ]
     } case ;
 
-: option-on ( option -- ) current-regexp get options>> conjoin ;
-: option-off ( option -- ) current-regexp get options>> delete-at ;
+: option>ch ( option -- string )
+    {
+        { case-insensitive [ CHAR: i ] }
+        { multiline [ CHAR: m ] }
+        { reversed-regexp [ CHAR: r ] }
+        { dotall [ CHAR: s ] }
+        [ unknown-regexp-option ]
+    } case ;
+
+: toggle-option ( ch ? -- ) 
+    [ ch>option ] dip option boa push-stack ;
 
-: toggle-option ( ch ? -- ) [ option ] dip [ option-on ] [ option-off ] if ;
 : (parse-options) ( string ? -- ) [ toggle-option ] curry each ;
 
 : parse-options ( string -- )
@@ -137,7 +127,7 @@ ERROR: bad-special-group string ;
 DEFER: (parse-regexp)
 : nested-parse-regexp ( token ? -- )
     [ push-stack (parse-regexp) pop-stack ] dip
-    [ <negation> ] when pop-stack boa push-stack ;
+    [ <negation> ] when pop-stack new swap >>term push-stack ;
 
 ! non-capturing groups
 : (parse-special-group) ( -- )
@@ -224,31 +214,14 @@ ERROR: invalid-range a b ;
 
 : handle-left-brace ( -- )
     parse-repetition
-    >r 2dup [ [ 0 < [ invalid-range ] when ] when* ] bi@ r>
+    [ 2dup [ [ 0 < [ invalid-range ] when ] when* ] bi@ ] dip
     [
         2dup and [ from-m-to-n ]
         [ [ nip at-most-n ] [ at-least-n ] if* ] if
     ] [ drop 0 max exactly-n ] if ;
 
-SINGLETON: beginning-of-input
-SINGLETON: end-of-input
-
-: newlines ( -- obj1 obj2 obj3 )
-    CHAR: \r <constant>
-    CHAR: \n <constant>
-    2dup 2array <concatenation> ;
-
-: beginning-of-line ( -- obj )
-    beginning-of-input newlines 4array <alternation> lookbehind boa ;
-
-: end-of-line ( -- obj )
-    end-of-input newlines 4array <alternation> lookahead boa ;
-
-: handle-front-anchor ( -- )
-    get-multiline beginning-of-line beginning-of-input ? push-stack ;
-
-: handle-back-anchor ( -- )
-    get-multiline end-of-line end-of-input ? push-stack ;
+: handle-front-anchor ( -- ) beginning-of-line push-stack ;
+: handle-back-anchor ( -- ) end-of-line push-stack ;
 
 ERROR: bad-character-class obj ;
 ERROR: expected-posix-class ;
@@ -257,8 +230,8 @@ ERROR: expected-posix-class ;
     read1 CHAR: { = [ expected-posix-class ] unless
     "}" read-until [ bad-character-class ] unless
     {
-        { "Lower" [ get-case-insensitive Letter-class letter-class ? ] }
-        { "Upper" [ get-case-insensitive Letter-class LETTER-class ? ] }
+        { "Lower" [ letter-class ] }
+        { "Upper" [ LETTER-class ] }
         { "Alpha" [ Letter-class ] }
         { "ASCII" [ ascii-class ] }
         { "Digit" [ digit-class ] }
@@ -280,35 +253,30 @@ ERROR: expected-posix-class ;
 : parse-control-character ( -- n ) read1 ;
 
 ERROR: bad-escaped-literals seq ;
-: parse-escaped-literals ( -- obj )
-    "\\E" read-until [ bad-escaped-literals ] unless
+
+: parse-til-E ( -- obj )
+    "\\E" read-until [ bad-escaped-literals ] unless ;
+    
+:: (parse-escaped-literals) ( quot: ( obj -- obj' ) -- obj )
+    parse-til-E
     drop1
     [ epsilon ] [
-        [ <constant> ] V{ } map-as
+        [ quot call <constant> ] V{ } map-as
         first|concatenation
-    ] if-empty ;
+    ] if-empty ; inline
 
-ERROR: unrecognized-escape char ;
+: parse-escaped-literals ( -- obj )
+    [ ] (parse-escaped-literals) ;
+
+: lower-case-literals ( -- obj )
+    [ ch>lower ] (parse-escaped-literals) ;
+
+: upper-case-literals ( -- obj )
+    [ ch>upper ] (parse-escaped-literals) ;
 
 : parse-escaped ( -- obj )
     read1
     {
-        { CHAR: \ [ CHAR: \ <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: ^ [ CHAR: ^ <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: $ [ CHAR: $ <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: - [ CHAR: - <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: { [ CHAR: { <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: } [ CHAR: } <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: [ [ CHAR: [ <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: ] [ CHAR: ] <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: ( [ CHAR: ( <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: ) [ CHAR: ) <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: @ [ CHAR: @ <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: * [ CHAR: * <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: + [ CHAR: + <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: ? [ CHAR: ? <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: . [ CHAR: . <constant> ] }
-        { CHAR: : [ CHAR: : <constant> ] }
         { CHAR: t [ CHAR: \t <constant> ] }
         { CHAR: n [ CHAR: \n <constant> ] }
         { CHAR: r [ CHAR: \r <constant> ] }
@@ -316,12 +284,12 @@ ERROR: unrecognized-escape char ;
         { CHAR: a [ HEX: 7 <constant> ] }
         { CHAR: e [ HEX: 1b <constant> ] }
 
-        { CHAR: d [ digit-class ] }
-        { CHAR: D [ digit-class <negation> ] }
-        { CHAR: s [ java-blank-class ] }
-        { CHAR: S [ java-blank-class <negation> ] }
         { CHAR: w [ c-identifier-class ] }
         { CHAR: W [ c-identifier-class <negation> ] }
+        { CHAR: s [ java-blank-class ] }
+        { CHAR: S [ java-blank-class <negation> ] }
+        { CHAR: d [ digit-class ] }
+        { CHAR: D [ digit-class <negation> ] }
 
         { CHAR: p [ parse-posix-class ] }
         { CHAR: P [ parse-posix-class <negation> ] }
@@ -330,13 +298,19 @@ ERROR: unrecognized-escape char ;
         { CHAR: 0 [ parse-octal <constant> ] }
         { CHAR: c [ parse-control-character ] }
 
-        ! { CHAR: b [ handle-word-boundary ] }
-        ! { CHAR: B [ handle-word-boundary <negation> ] }
-        ! { CHAR: A [ handle-beginning-of-input ] }
-        ! { CHAR: G [ end of previous match ] }
-        ! { CHAR: Z [ handle-end-of-input ] }
-        ! { CHAR: z [ handle-end-of-input ] } ! except for terminator
+        { CHAR: Q [ parse-escaped-literals ] }
 
+        ! { CHAR: b [ word-boundary-class ] }
+        ! { CHAR: B [ word-boundary-class <negation> ] }
+        ! { CHAR: A [ handle-beginning-of-input ] }
+        ! { CHAR: z [ handle-end-of-input ] }
+
+        ! { CHAR: Z [ handle-end-of-input ] } ! plus a final terminator
+
+        ! m//g mode
+        ! { CHAR: G [ end of previous match ] }
+
+        ! Group capture
         ! { CHAR: 1 [ CHAR: 1 <constant> ] }
         ! { CHAR: 2 [ CHAR: 2 <constant> ] }
         ! { CHAR: 3 [ CHAR: 3 <constant> ] }
@@ -347,8 +321,12 @@ ERROR: unrecognized-escape char ;
         ! { CHAR: 8 [ CHAR: 8 <constant> ] }
         ! { CHAR: 9 [ CHAR: 9 <constant> ] }
 
-        { CHAR: Q [ parse-escaped-literals ] }
-        [ unrecognized-escape ]
+        ! Perl extensions
+        ! can't do \l and \u because \u is already a 4-hex
+        { CHAR: L [ lower-case-literals ] }
+        { CHAR: U [ upper-case-literals ] }
+
+        [ <constant> ]
     } case ;
 
 : handle-escape ( -- ) parse-escaped push-stack ;
@@ -389,20 +367,22 @@ DEFER: handle-left-bracket
     } case
     [ (parse-character-class) ] when ;
 
+: push-constant ( ch -- ) <constant> push-stack ;
+
 : parse-character-class-second ( -- )
     read1 {
-        { CHAR: [ [ CHAR: [ <constant> push-stack ] }
-        { CHAR: ] [ CHAR: ] <constant> push-stack ] }
-        { CHAR: - [ CHAR: - <constant> push-stack ] }
+        { CHAR: [ [ CHAR: [ push-constant ] }
+        { CHAR: ] [ CHAR: ] push-constant ] }
+        { CHAR: - [ CHAR: - push-constant ] }
         [ push1 ]
     } case ;
 
 : parse-character-class-first ( -- )
     read1 {
         { CHAR: ^ [ caret push-stack parse-character-class-second ] }
-        { CHAR: [ [ CHAR: [ <constant> push-stack ] }
-        { CHAR: ] [ CHAR: ] <constant> push-stack ] }
-        { CHAR: - [ CHAR: - <constant> push-stack ] }
+        { CHAR: [ [ CHAR: [ push-constant ] }
+        { CHAR: ] [ CHAR: ] push-constant ] }
+        { CHAR: - [ CHAR: - push-constant ] }
         [ push1 ]
     } case ;
 
@@ -415,7 +395,8 @@ DEFER: handle-left-bracket
     [ first|concatenation ] map first|alternation ;
 
 : handle-right-parenthesis ( -- )
-    stack dup [ parentheses-group "members" word-prop member? ] find-last -rot cut rest
+    stack dup [ parentheses-group "members" word-prop member? ] find-last
+    -rot cut rest
     [ [ push ] keep current-regexp get (>>stack) ]
     [ finish-regexp-parse push-stack ] bi* ;
 
@@ -432,12 +413,9 @@ DEFER: handle-left-bracket
         { CHAR: [ [ handle-left-bracket t ] }
         { CHAR: \ [ handle-escape t ] }
         [
-            dup CHAR: $ = peek1 f = and [
-                drop
-                handle-back-anchor f
-            ] [
-                <constant> push-stack t
-            ] if
+            dup CHAR: $ = peek1 f = and
+            [ drop handle-back-anchor f ]
+            [ push-constant t ] if
         ]
     } case ;
 
@@ -454,7 +432,6 @@ DEFER: handle-left-bracket
                 parse-regexp-beginning (parse-regexp)
             ] with-input-stream
         ] unless-empty
-        current-regexp get
-        stack finish-regexp-parse
-            >>parse-tree drop
+        current-regexp get [ finish-regexp-parse ] change-stack
+        dup stack>> >>parse-tree drop
     ] with-variable ;
diff --git a/basis/regexp/regexp-docs.factor b/basis/regexp/regexp-docs.factor
index f6a1fe1876..378ae503ce 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/regexp-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/regexp-docs.factor
@@ -6,9 +6,3 @@ IN: regexp
 HELP: <regexp>
 { $values { "string" string } { "regexp" regexp } }
 { $description "Compiles a regular expression into a DFA and returns this object.  Regular expressions only have to be compiled once and can then be used multiple times to match input strings." } ;
-
-HELP: <iregexp>
-{ $values { "string" string } { "regexp" regexp } }
-{ $description "Compiles a case-insensitive regular expression into a DFA and returns this object.  Otherwise, exactly the same as " { $link <regexp> } } ;
-
-{ <regexp> <iregexp> } related-words
diff --git a/basis/regexp/regexp-tests.factor b/basis/regexp/regexp-tests.factor
index 2339628801..74f06ed65b 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/regexp-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/regexp-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 USING: regexp tools.test kernel sequences regexp.parser
-regexp.traversal eval ;
+regexp.traversal eval strings ;
 IN: regexp-tests
 
+\ <regexp> must-infer
+\ matches? must-infer
+
 [ f ] [ "b" "a*" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "" "a*" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "a" "a*" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
@@ -37,12 +40,30 @@ IN: regexp-tests
 [ f ] [ "" "." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "a" "." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "." "." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-! [ f ] [ "\n" "." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+
+! Dotall mode -- when on, . matches newlines.
+! Off by default.
+[ f ] [ "\n" "." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "\n" "(?s)." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "\n" R/ ./s matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "\n\n" "(?s).(?-s)." <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ f ] [ "" ".+" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "a" ".+" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "ab" ".+" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
+[ t ] [ " " "[\\s]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "a" "[\\s]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ " " "[\\S]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "a" "[\\S]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ " " "[\\w]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "a" "[\\w]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ " " "[\\W]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "a" "[\\W]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ "/" "\\/" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ "a" R' a'i matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ "" "a|b*|c+|d?" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "a" "a|b*|c+|d?" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
@@ -155,7 +176,6 @@ IN: regexp-tests
 [ f ] [ "ABC" "\\p{Lower}{3}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "ABC" "\\p{Upper}{3}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ "abc" "\\p{Upper}{3}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-! 
 [ f ] [ "abc" "[\\p{Upper}]{3}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "ABC" "[\\p{Upper}]{3}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
@@ -191,34 +211,34 @@ IN: regexp-tests
 [ 3 ] [ "aaacb" "a*" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 [ 2 ] [ "aaacb" "aa?" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ "aaa" "AAA" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "aax" "AAA" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "aaa" "A*" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "aaba" "A*" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "b" "[AB]" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "c" "[AB]" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "c" "[A-Z]" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "3" "[A-Z]" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "aaa" R/ AAA/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "aax" R/ AAA/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "aaa" R/ A*/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "aaba" R/ A*/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "b" R/ [AB]/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "c" R/ [AB]/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "c" R/ [A-Z]/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "3" R/ [A-Z]/i matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ "a" "(?i)a" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "a" "(?i)a" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "A" "(?i)a" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "A" "(?i)a" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ "a" "(?-i)a" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "a" "(?-i)a" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "A" "(?-i)a" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "A" "(?-i)a" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "a" R/ (?-i)a/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "a" R/ (?-i)a/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "A" R/ (?-i)a/i matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "A" R/ (?-i)a/i matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ f ] [ "A" "[a-z]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "A" "[a-z]" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "A" R/ [a-z]/i matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ f ] [ "A" "\\p{Lower}" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "A" "\\p{Lower}" <iregexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "A" R/ \p{Lower}/i matches? ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ "abc" <reversed> "abc" <rregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "abc" <reversed> "a[bB][cC]" <rregexp> matches? ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "adcbe" "a(?r)(bcd)(?-r)e" <rregexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "abc" <reversed> R/ abc/r matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "abc" <reversed> R/ a[bB][cC]/r matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "adcbe" R/ a(?r)(bcd)(?-r)e/ matches? ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ "s@f" "[a-z.-]@[a-z]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ "a" "[a-z.-]@[a-z]" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
@@ -234,29 +254,125 @@ IN: regexp-tests
 
 [ ] [ "(\\$[\\p{XDigit}]|[\\p{Digit}])" <regexp> drop ] unit-test
 
-! Comment
+! Comment inside a regular expression
 [ t ] [ "ac" "a(?#boo)c" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
+[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' -{3}[+]{1,6}(?:!!)?\\s' drop" eval ] unit-test
 
+[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' (ftp|http|https)://(\\w+:?\\w*@)?(\\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(/|/([\\w#!:.?+=&%@!\\-/]))?' drop" eval ] unit-test
 
-! [ "{Lower}" <regexp> ] [ invalid-range? ] must-fail-with
+[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' \\*[^\s*][^*]*\\*' drop" eval ] unit-test
 
-! [ 1 ] [ "aaacb" "a+?" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
-! [ 1 ] [ "aaacb" "aa??" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
-! [ f ] [ "aaaab" "a++ab" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-! [ t ] [ "aaacb" "a++cb" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-! [ 3 ] [ "aacb" "aa?c" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
-! [ 3 ] [ "aacb" "aa??c" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
+[ "ab" ] [ "ab" "(a|ab)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+[ "abc" ] [ "abc" "(a|ab)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
 
+[ "ab" ] [ "ab" "(ab|a)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+[ "abc" ] [ "abc" "(ab|a)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+
+[ "b" ] [ "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab" "((a*)*b)*b" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a:b" ".+:?" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ 1 ] [ "hello" ".+?" <regexp> match length ] unit-test
+
+[ { "1" "2" "3" "4" } ]
+[ "1ABC2DEF3GHI4" R/ [A-Z]+/ re-split [ >string ] map ] unit-test
+
+[ { "1" "2" "3" "4" } ]
+[ "1ABC2DEF3GHI4JK" R/ [A-Z]+/ re-split [ >string ] map ] unit-test
+
+[ { "ABC" "DEF" "GHI" } ]
+[ "1ABC2DEF3GHI4" R/ [A-Z]+/ all-matches [ >string ] map ] unit-test
+
+[ 3 ]
+[ "1ABC2DEF3GHI4" R/ [A-Z]+/ count-matches ] unit-test
+
+[ 0 ]
+[ "123" R/ [A-Z]+/ count-matches ] unit-test
+
+[ "1.2.3.4" ]
+[ "1ABC2DEF3GHI4JK" R/ [A-Z]+/ "." re-replace ] unit-test
+
+[ f ] [ "ab" "a(?!b)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
+[ "a" ] [ "ac" "a(?!b)" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
 ! [ t ] [ "fxxbar" "(?!foo).{3}bar" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
-! [ f ] [ "foobar" "(?!foo).{3}bar" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "foobar" "(?!foo).{3}bar" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+[ "a" ] [ "ab" "a(?=b)(?=b)" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+[ "a" ] [ "ba" "a(?<=b)(?<=b)" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
+[ "a" ] [ "cab" "a(?=b)(?<=c)" <regexp> first-match >string ] unit-test
 
 [ 3 ] [ "foobar" "foo(?=bar)" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ "foobxr" "foo(?=bar)" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 
+! Bug in parsing word
+[ t ] [ "a" R' a' matches?  ] unit-test
+
+! Convert to lowercase until E
+[ f ] [ "AA" R/ \LAA\E/ matches? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "aa" R/ \LAA\E/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! Convert to uppercase until E
+[ t ] [ "AA" R/ \Uaa\E/ matches? ] unit-test
+[ f ] [ "aa" R/ \Uaa\E/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ "{Lower}" <regexp> ] [ invalid-range? ] must-fail-with
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ ^a/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\na" R/ ^a/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\r\na" R/ ^a/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\ra" R/ ^a/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ a$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "a\n" R/ a$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "a\r" R/ a$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "a\r\n" R/ a$/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ a$|b$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "b" R/ a$|b$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "ab" R/ a$|b$/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "ba" R/ ba$|b$/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ \Aa/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\na" R/ \Aaa/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\r\na" R/ \Aa/ matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\ra" R/ \Aa/ matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ \Aa/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\na" R/ \Aaa/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\r\na" R/ \Aa/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\ra" R/ \Aa/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "\r\n\n\n\nam" R/ ^am/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ \Aa\z/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "a\n" R/ \Aa\z/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a\r\n" R/ \Aa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "a\n" R/ \Aa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ \Aa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\na" R/ \Aaa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\r\na" R/ \Aa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "\ra" R/ \Aa\Z/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" R/ ^a/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "\na" R/ ^a/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "\r\na" R/ ^a/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "\ra" R/ ^a/m matches? ] unit-test
+
+! [ t ] [ "a" "a$" R/ a$/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "a\n" "a$" R/ a$/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "a\r" "a$" R/ a$/m matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "a\r\n" "a$" R/ a$/m matches? ] unit-test
+
 ! [ f ] [ "foobxr" "foo\\z" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 ! [ 3 ] [ "foo" "foo\\z" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 
+! [ t ] [ "foo" "\\bfoo\\b" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "afoob" "\\Bfoo\\B" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "afoob" "\\bfoo\\b" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "foo" "\\Bfoo\\B" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+
 ! [ 3 ] [ "foo bar" "foo\\b" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 ! [ f ] [ "fooxbar" "foo\\b" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 ! [ t ] [ "foo" "foo\\b" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
@@ -271,63 +387,30 @@ IN: regexp-tests
 ! [ t ] [ "fooxbar" "foo\\Bxbar" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 ! [ f ] [ "foo" "foo\\Bbar" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' -{3}[+]{1,6}(?:!!)?\\s' drop" eval ] unit-test
+! [ 1 ] [ "aaacb" "a+?" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
+! [ 1 ] [ "aaacb" "aa??" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
+! [ f ] [ "aaaab" "a++ab" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ "aaacb" "a++cb" <regexp> matches? ] unit-test
+! [ 3 ] [ "aacb" "aa?c" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
+! [ 3 ] [ "aacb" "aa??c" <regexp> match-head ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' (ftp|http|https)://(\\w+:?\\w*@)?(\\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(/|/([\\w#!:.?+=&%@!\\-/]))?' drop" eval ] unit-test
+! "ab" "a(?=b*)" <regexp> match
+! "abbbbbc" "a(?=b*c)" <regexp> match
+! "ab" "a(?=b*)" <regexp> match
 
-[ ] [ "USING: regexp kernel ; R' \\*[^\s*][^*]*\\*' drop" eval ] unit-test
+! "baz" "(az)(?<=b)" <regexp> first-match
+! "cbaz" "a(?<=b*)" <regexp> first-match
+! "baz" "a(?<=b)" <regexp> first-match
 
-! Bug in parsing word
-! [ t ] [ "a" R' a' matches?  ] unit-test
+! "baz" "a(?<!b)" <regexp> first-match
+! "caz" "a(?<!b)" <regexp> first-match
 
-! ((A)(B(C)))
-! 1.  ((A)(B(C)))
-! 2. (A)
-! 3. (B(C))
-! 4. (C) 
+! "abcdefg" "a(?=bcdefg)bcd" <regexp> first-match
+! "abcdefg" "a(?#bcdefg)bcd" <regexp> first-match
+! "abcdefg" "a(?:bcdefg)" <regexp> first-match
 
-! clear "a(?=b*)" <regexp> "ab" over match
-! clear "a(?=b*c)" <regexp> "abbbbbc" over match
-! clear "a(?=b*)" <regexp> "ab" over match
-
-! clear "^a" <regexp> "a" over match
-! clear "^a" <regexp> "\na" over match
-! clear "^a" <regexp> "\r\na" over match
-! clear "^a" <regexp> "\ra" over match
-
-! clear "a$" <regexp> "a" over match
-! clear "a$" <regexp> "a\n" over match
-! clear "a$" <regexp> "a\r" over match
-! clear "a$" <regexp> "a\r\n" over match
-
-! "(az)(?<=b)" <regexp> "baz" over first-match
-! "a(?<=b*)" <regexp> "cbaz" over first-match
-! "a(?<=b)" <regexp> "baz" over first-match
-
-! "a(?<!b)" <regexp> "baz" over first-match
-! "a(?<!b)" <regexp> "caz" over first-match
-
-! "a(?=bcdefg)bcd" <regexp> "abcdefg" over first-match
-! "a(?#bcdefg)bcd" <regexp> "abcdefg" over first-match
-! "a(?:bcdefg)" <regexp> "abcdefg" over first-match
-
-[ { 0 1 } ] [ "ac" "a(?!b)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-[ f ] [ "ab" "a(?!b)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-
-! "a(?<=b)" <regexp> "caba" over first-match
-
-[ { 0 1 } ] [ "ab" "a(?=b)(?=b)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-[ { 1 2 } ] [ "ba" "a(?<=b)(?<=b)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-[ { 1 2 } ] [ "cab" "a(?=b)(?<=c)" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
+! "caba" "a(?<=b)" <regexp> first-match
 
 ! capture group 1: "aaaa"  2: ""
 ! "aaaa" "(a*)(a*)" <regexp> match*
 ! "aaaa" "(a*)(a+)" <regexp> match*
-
-[ { 0 2 } ] [ "ab" "(a|ab)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-[ { 0 3 } ] [ "abc" "(a|ab)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-
-[ { 0 2 } ] [ "ab" "(ab|a)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-[ { 0 3 } ] [ "abc" "(ab|a)(bc)?" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
-
-[ { 23 24 } ] [ "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab" "((a*)*b)*b" <regexp> first-match ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/regexp/regexp.factor b/basis/regexp/regexp.factor
index 083a48a470..b41e4d271e 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/regexp.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/regexp.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors combinators kernel math math.ranges sequences
+USING: accessors combinators kernel math sequences strings
 sets assocs prettyprint.backend make lexer namespaces parser
 arrays fry regexp.backend regexp.utils regexp.parser regexp.nfa
-regexp.dfa regexp.traversal regexp.transition-tables ;
+regexp.dfa regexp.traversal regexp.transition-tables splitting
+sorting ;
 IN: regexp
 
 : default-regexp ( string -- regexp )
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ IN: regexp
         H{ } clone >>nfa-traversal-flags
         H{ } clone >>dfa-traversal-flags
         H{ } clone >>options
+        H{ } clone >>matchers
         reset-regexp ;
 
 : construct-regexp ( regexp -- regexp' )
@@ -25,17 +27,20 @@ IN: regexp
         [ ]
     } cleave ;
 
-: match ( string regexp -- pair )
-    <dfa-traverser> do-match return-match ;
+: (match) ( string regexp -- dfa-traverser )
+    <dfa-traverser> do-match ; inline
 
-: match* ( string regexp -- pair )
-    <dfa-traverser> do-match [ return-match ] [ captured-groups>> ] bi ;
+: match ( string regexp -- slice/f )
+    (match) return-match ;
+
+: match* ( string regexp -- slice/f captured-groups )
+    (match) [ return-match ] [ captured-groups>> ] bi ;
 
 : matches? ( string regexp -- ? )
     dupd match
-    [ [ length ] [ length>> 1- ] bi* = ] [ drop f ] if* ;
+    [ [ length ] bi@ = ] [ drop f ] if* ;
 
-: match-head ( string regexp -- end/f ) match [ length>> 1- ] [ f ] if* ;
+: match-head ( string regexp -- end/f ) match [ length ] [ f ] if* ;
 
 : match-at ( string m regexp -- n/f finished? )
     [
@@ -49,67 +54,30 @@ IN: regexp
         [ 3drop drop f f ] [ drop [ 1+ ] dip match-range ] if
     ] if ;
 
-: first-match ( string regexp -- pair/f )
-    0 swap match-range dup [ 2array ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+: first-match ( string regexp -- slice/f )
+    dupd 0 swap match-range rot over [ <slice> ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
 
 : re-cut ( string regexp -- end/f start )
     dupd first-match
-    [ [ second tail-slice ] [ first head ] 2bi ]
-    [ "" like f swap ]
-    if* ;
+    [ split1-slice swap ] [ "" like f swap ] if* ;
 
 : re-split ( string regexp -- seq )
-    [ dup ] swap '[ _ re-cut ] [ ] produce nip ;
+    [ dup length 0 > ] swap '[ _ re-cut ] [ ] produce nip ;
 
 : re-replace ( string regexp replacement -- result )
     [ re-split ] dip join ;
 
 : next-match ( string regexp -- end/f match/f )
     dupd first-match dup
-    [ [ second tail-slice ] keep ]
-    [ 2drop f f ]
-    if ;
+    [ [ split1-slice nip ] keep ] [ 2drop f f ] if ;
 
 : all-matches ( string regexp -- seq )
-    [ dup ] swap '[ _ next-match ] [ ] produce nip ;
+    [ dup ] swap '[ _ next-match ] [ ] produce nip harvest ;
 
 : count-matches ( string regexp -- n )
-    all-matches length 1- ;
+    all-matches length ;
 
-: initial-option ( regexp option -- regexp' )
-    over options>> conjoin ;
-
-: <regexp> ( string -- regexp )
-    default-regexp construct-regexp ;
-
-: <iregexp> ( string -- regexp )
-    default-regexp
-    case-insensitive initial-option
-    construct-regexp ;
-
-: <rregexp> ( string -- regexp )
-    default-regexp
-    reversed-regexp initial-option
-    construct-regexp ;
-
-: parsing-regexp ( accum end -- accum )
-    lexer get dup skip-blank
-    [ [ index-from dup 1+ swap ] 2keep swapd subseq swap ] change-lexer-column
-    lexer get dup still-parsing-line?
-    [ (parse-token) ] [ drop f ] if
-    "i" = [ <iregexp> ] [ <regexp> ] if parsed ;
-
-: R! CHAR: ! parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R" CHAR: " parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R# CHAR: # parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R' CHAR: ' parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R( CHAR: ) parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R/ CHAR: / parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R@ CHAR: @ parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R[ CHAR: ] parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R` CHAR: ` parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R{ CHAR: } parsing-regexp ; parsing
-: R| CHAR: | parsing-regexp ; parsing
+<PRIVATE
 
 : find-regexp-syntax ( string -- prefix suffix )
     {
@@ -126,17 +94,47 @@ IN: regexp
         { "R| "  "|"  }
     } swap [ subseq? not nip ] curry assoc-find drop ;
 
-: option? ( option regexp -- ? )
-    options>> key? ;
+: string>options ( string -- options )
+    [ ch>option dup ] H{ } map>assoc ;
+
+: options>string ( options -- string )
+    keys [ option>ch ] map natural-sort >string ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: <optioned-regexp> ( string option-string -- regexp )
+    [ default-regexp ] [ string>options ] bi* >>options
+    construct-regexp ;
+
+: <regexp> ( string -- regexp ) "" <optioned-regexp> ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: parsing-regexp ( accum end -- accum )
+    lexer get dup skip-blank
+    [ [ index-from dup 1+ swap ] 2keep swapd subseq swap ] change-lexer-column
+    lexer get dup still-parsing-line?
+    [ (parse-token) ] [ drop f ] if
+    <optioned-regexp> parsed ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: R! CHAR: ! parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R" CHAR: " parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R# CHAR: # parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R' CHAR: ' parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R( CHAR: ) parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R/ CHAR: / parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R@ CHAR: @ parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R[ CHAR: ] parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R` CHAR: ` parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R{ CHAR: } parsing-regexp ; parsing
+: R| CHAR: | parsing-regexp ; parsing
 
-USE: multiline
-/*
 M: regexp pprint*
     [
         [
-            dup raw>>
-            dup find-regexp-syntax swap % swap % %
-            case-insensitive swap option? [ "i" % ] when
+            [ raw>> dup find-regexp-syntax swap % swap % % ]
+            [ options>> options>string % ] bi
         ] "" make
     ] keep present-text ;
-*/
diff --git a/basis/regexp/transition-tables/transition-tables.factor b/basis/regexp/transition-tables/transition-tables.factor
index 1c9a3e3001..5375d813e1 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/transition-tables/transition-tables.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/transition-tables/transition-tables.factor
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ TUPLE: default ;
 
 : <literal-transition> ( from to obj -- transition )
     literal-transition make-transition ;
+
 : <class-transition> ( from to obj -- transition )
     class-transition make-transition ;
+
 : <default-transition> ( from to -- transition )
     t default-transition make-transition ;
 
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ TUPLE: transition-table transitions start-state final-states ;
     2dup [ to>> ] dip maybe-initialize-key
     [ [ to>> ] [ obj>> ] [ from>> ] tri ] dip
     2dup at* [ 2nip insert-at ]
-    [ drop >r >r H{ } clone [ insert-at ] keep r> r> set-at ] if ;
+    [ drop [ H{ } clone [ insert-at ] keep ] 2dip set-at ] if ;
 
 : add-transition ( transition transition-table -- )
     transitions>> set-transition ;
diff --git a/basis/regexp/traversal/traversal.factor b/basis/regexp/traversal/traversal.factor
index 91c7ce16dc..d8c25eda18 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/traversal/traversal.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/traversal/traversal.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors assocs combinators kernel math math.ranges
+USING: accessors assocs combinators kernel math
 quotations sequences regexp.parser regexp.classes fry arrays
 combinators.short-circuit regexp.utils prettyprint regexp.nfa
 shuffle ;
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ TUPLE: dfa-traverser
     capture-group-index
     last-state current-state
     text
+    match-failed?
     start-index current-index
     matches ;
 
@@ -37,14 +38,20 @@ TUPLE: dfa-traverser
         H{ } clone >>captured-groups ;
 
 : final-state? ( dfa-traverser -- ? )
-    [ current-state>> ] [ dfa-table>> final-states>> ] bi
-    key? ;
+    [ current-state>> ]
+    [ dfa-table>> final-states>> ] bi key? ;
+
+: beginning-of-text? ( dfa-traverser -- ? )
+    current-index>> 0 <= ; inline
+
+: end-of-text? ( dfa-traverser -- ? )
+    [ current-index>> ] [ text>> length ] bi >= ; inline
 
 : text-finished? ( dfa-traverser -- ? )
     {
         [ current-state>> empty? ]
-        [ [ current-index>> ] [ text>> length ] bi >= ]
-        ! [ current-index>> 0 < ]
+        [ end-of-text? ]
+        [ match-failed?>> ]
     } 1|| ;
 
 : save-final-state ( dfa-straverser -- )
@@ -55,8 +62,50 @@ TUPLE: dfa-traverser
         dup save-final-state
     ] when text-finished? ;
 
+: previous-text-character ( dfa-traverser -- ch )
+    [ text>> ] [ current-index>> 1- ] bi nth ;
+
+: current-text-character ( dfa-traverser -- ch )
+    [ text>> ] [ current-index>> ] bi nth ;
+
+: next-text-character ( dfa-traverser -- ch )
+    [ text>> ] [ current-index>> 1+ ] bi nth ;
+
 GENERIC: flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
 
+
+M: beginning-of-input flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
+    drop
+    dup beginning-of-text? [ t >>match-failed? ] unless drop ;
+
+M: end-of-input flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
+    drop
+    dup end-of-text? [ t >>match-failed? ] unless drop ;
+
+
+M: beginning-of-line flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
+    drop
+    dup {
+        [ beginning-of-text? ]
+        [ previous-text-character terminator-class class-member? ]
+    } 1|| [ t >>match-failed? ] unless drop ;
+
+M: end-of-line flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
+    drop
+    dup {
+        [ end-of-text? ]
+        [ next-text-character terminator-class class-member? ]
+    } 1|| [ t >>match-failed? ] unless drop ;
+
+
+M: word-boundary flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
+    drop
+    dup {
+        [ end-of-text? ]
+        [ current-text-character terminator-class class-member? ]
+    } 1|| [ t >>match-failed? ] unless drop ;
+
+
 M: lookahead-on flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
     drop
     lookahead-counters>> 0 swap push ;
@@ -107,13 +156,10 @@ M: capture-group-off flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
 : increment-state ( dfa-traverser state -- dfa-traverser )
     [
         dup traverse-forward>>
-        [ 1+ ] [ 1- ] ? change-current-index
+        [ [ 1+ ] change-current-index ]
+        [ [ 1- ] change-current-index ] if
         dup current-state>> >>last-state
-    ] dip
-    first >>current-state ;
-
-: match-failed ( dfa-traverser -- dfa-traverser )
-    V{ } clone >>matches ;
+    ] [ first ] bi* >>current-state ;
 
 : match-literal ( transition from-state table -- to-state/f )
     transitions>> at at ;
@@ -130,11 +176,9 @@ M: capture-group-off flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
     { [ match-literal ] [ match-class ] [ match-default ] } 3|| ;
 
 : setup-match ( match -- obj state dfa-table )
-    {
-        [ current-index>> ] [ text>> ]
-        [ current-state>> ] [ dfa-table>> ]
-    } cleave
-    [ nth ] 2dip ;
+    [ [ current-index>> ] [ text>> ] bi nth ]
+    [ current-state>> ]
+    [ dfa-table>> ] tri ;
 
 : do-match ( dfa-traverser -- dfa-traverser )
     dup process-flags
@@ -143,7 +187,10 @@ M: capture-group-off flag-action ( dfa-traverser flag -- )
         [ increment-state do-match ] when*
     ] unless ;
 
-: return-match ( dfa-traverser -- interval/f )
+: return-match ( dfa-traverser -- slice/f )
     dup matches>>
     [ drop f ]
-    [ [ start-index>> ] [ peek ] bi* 1 <range> ] if-empty ;
+    [
+        [ [ text>> ] [ start-index>> ] bi ]
+        [ peek ] bi* rot <slice>
+    ] if-empty ;
diff --git a/basis/regexp/utils/utils-tests.factor b/basis/regexp/utils/utils-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d048ad4be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/regexp/utils/utils-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: regexp.utils tools.test ;
+IN: regexp.utils.tests
+
+[ [ ] [ ] while-changes ] must-infer
diff --git a/basis/regexp/utils/utils.factor b/basis/regexp/utils/utils.factor
index fb058ecf92..af1b2fa1fb 100644
--- a/basis/regexp/utils/utils.factor
+++ b/basis/regexp/utils/utils.factor
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ namespaces regexp.backend sequences unicode.categories
 math.ranges fry combinators.short-circuit vectors ;
 IN: regexp.utils
 
-: (while-changes) ( obj quot pred pred-ret -- obj )
-    ! quot: ( obj -- obj' )
-    ! pred: ( obj -- <=> )
+: (while-changes) ( obj quot: ( obj -- obj' ) pred: ( obj -- <=> ) pred-ret -- obj )
     [ [ dup slip ] dip pick over call ] dip dupd =
     [ 3drop ] [ (while-changes) ] if ; inline recursive
 
@@ -28,23 +26,6 @@ IN: regexp.utils
 : ?insert-at ( value key hash/f -- hash )
     [ H{ } clone ] unless* [ insert-at ] keep ;
 
-: last-state ( regexp -- range ) stack>> peek first2 [a,b] ;
-: push1 ( obj -- ) input-stream get stream>> push ;
-: peek1 ( -- obj ) input-stream get stream>> [ f ] [ peek ] if-empty ;
-: pop3 ( seq -- obj1 obj2 obj3 ) [ pop ] [ pop ] [ pop ] tri spin ;
-: drop1 ( -- ) read1 drop ;
-
-: stack ( -- obj ) current-regexp get stack>> ;
-: change-whole-stack ( quot -- )
-    current-regexp get
-    [ stack>> swap call ] keep (>>stack) ; inline
-: push-stack ( obj -- ) stack push ;
-: pop-stack ( -- obj ) stack pop ;
-: cut-out ( vector n -- vector' vector ) cut rest ;
-ERROR: cut-stack-error ;
-: cut-stack ( obj vector -- vector' vector )
-    tuck last-index [ cut-stack-error ] unless* cut-out swap ;
-
 ERROR: bad-octal number ;
 ERROR: bad-hex number ;
 : check-octal ( octal -- octal ) dup 255 > [ bad-octal ] when ;
diff --git a/basis/search-deques/search-deques-docs.factor b/basis/search-deques/search-deques-docs.factor
index fef770b0f8..fe0ce7c157 100644
--- a/basis/search-deques/search-deques-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/search-deques/search-deques-docs.factor
@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
 IN: search-deques
-USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel dlists hashtables
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel hashtables
 deques assocs ;
 
 ARTICLE: "search-deques" "Search deques"
 "A search deque is a data structure with constant-time insertion and removal of elements at both ends, and constant-time membership tests. Inserting an element more than once has no effect. Search deques implement all deque operations in terms of an underlying deque, and membership testing with " { $link deque-member? } " is implemented with an underlying assoc. Search deques are defined in the " { $vocab-link "search-deques" } " vocabulary."
 $nl
 "Creating a search deque:"
-{ $subsection <search-deque> }
-"Default implementation:"
-{ $subsection <hashed-dlist> } ;
+{ $subsection <search-deque> } ;
 
 ABOUT: "search-deques"
 
 HELP: <search-deque> ( assoc deque -- search-deque )
 { $values { "assoc" assoc } { "deque" deque } { "search-deque" search-deque } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link search-deque } "." } ;
-
-HELP: <hashed-dlist> ( -- search-deque )
-{ $values { "search-deque" search-deque } }
-{ $description "Creates a new " { $link search-deque } " backed by a " { $link dlist } ", with a " { $link hashtable } " for fast membership tests." } ;
diff --git a/basis/search-deques/search-deques-tests.factor b/basis/search-deques/search-deques-tests.factor
index cf2837a84c..7c40c60f7a 100644
--- a/basis/search-deques/search-deques-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/search-deques/search-deques-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 IN: search-deques.tests
 USING: search-deques tools.test namespaces
-kernel sequences words deques vocabs ;
+kernel sequences words deques vocabs dlists ;
 
 <hashed-dlist> "h" set
 
@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@ kernel sequences words deques vocabs ;
 [ t ] [ "1" get "2" get eq? ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ "2" get "3" get eq? ] unit-test
 
-[ 3 ] [ "h" get deque-length ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ 7 "h" get deque-member? ] unit-test
 
 [ 3 ] [ "1" get node-value ] unit-test
 [ ] [ "1" get "h" get delete-node ] unit-test
 
-[ 2 ] [ "h" get deque-length ] unit-test
 [ 1 ] [ "h" get pop-back ] unit-test
 [ 7 ] [ "h" get pop-back ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/search-deques/search-deques.factor b/basis/search-deques/search-deques.factor
index 8e5506090c..5546a9766d 100644
--- a/basis/search-deques/search-deques.factor
+++ b/basis/search-deques/search-deques.factor
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel assocs deques dlists hashtables ;
+USING: accessors kernel assocs deques ;
 IN: search-deques
 
 TUPLE: search-deque assoc deque ;
 
 C: <search-deque> search-deque
 
-: <hashed-dlist> ( -- search-deque )
-    0 <hashtable> <dlist> <search-deque> ;
-
-M: search-deque deque-length deque>> deque-length ;
+M: search-deque deque-empty? deque>> deque-empty? ;
 
 M: search-deque peek-front deque>> peek-front ;
 
diff --git a/basis/sequences/deep/deep-docs.factor b/basis/sequences/deep/deep-docs.factor
index 3dc560f46d..f067e6ecdd 100644
--- a/basis/sequences/deep/deep-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/sequences/deep/deep-docs.factor
@@ -1,30 +1,49 @@
-USING: help.syntax help.markup ;
+USING: help.syntax help.markup kernel sequences ;
 IN: sequences.deep
 
 HELP: deep-each
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- ) " } }
-{ $description "Execute a quotation on each nested element of an object and its children, in preorder." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $description "Execute a quotation on each nested element of an object and its children, in preorder." }
+{ $see-also each } ;
 
 HELP: deep-map
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- newelt )" } { "newobj" "the mapped object" } }
-{ $description "Execute a quotation on each nested element of an object and its children, in preorder. That is, the result of the execution of the quotation on the outer is used to map the inner elements." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- newelt )" } } { "newobj" "the mapped object" } }
+{ $description "Execute a quotation on each nested element of an object and its children, in preorder. That is, the result of the execution of the quotation on the outer is used to map the inner elements." }
+{ $see-also map }  ;
 
 HELP: deep-filter
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- ? )" } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
-{ $description "Creates a sequence of sub-nodes in the object which satisfy the given quotation, in preorder. This includes the object itself, if it passes the quotation." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
+{ $description "Creates a sequence of sub-nodes in the object which satisfy the given quotation, in preorder. This includes the object itself, if it passes the quotation." }
+{ $see-also filter }  ;
 
 HELP: deep-find
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- ? )" } { "elt" "an element" } }
-{ $description "Gets the first sub-node of the object, in preorder, which satisfies the quotation. If nothing satisifies it, it returns " { $link f } "." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "elt" "an element" } }
+{ $description "Gets the first sub-node of the object, in preorder, which satisfies the quotation. If nothing satisifies it, it returns " { $link f } "." }
+{ $see-also find }  ;
 
 HELP: deep-contains?
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- ? )" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
-{ $description "Tests whether the given object or any subnode satisfies the given quotation." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Tests whether the given object or any subnode satisfies the given quotation." }
+{ $see-also contains? } ;
 
 HELP: flatten
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
 { $description "Creates a sequence of all of the leaf nodes (non-sequence nodes, but including strings and numbers) in the object." } ;
 
 HELP: deep-change-each
-{ $values { "obj" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation ( elt -- newelt )" } }
-{ $description "Modifies each sub-node of an object in place, in preorder." } ;
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- newelt )" } } }
+{ $description "Modifies each sub-node of an object in place, in preorder." }
+{ $see-also change-each } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "sequences.deep" "Deep sequence combinators"
+"The combinators in the " { $vocab-link "sequences.deep" } " vocabulary are variants of standard sequence combinators which traverse nested subsequences."
+{ $subsection deep-each }
+{ $subsection deep-map }
+{ $subsection deep-filter }
+{ $subsection deep-find }
+{ $subsection deep-contains? }
+{ $subsection deep-change-each }
+"A utility word to collapse nested subsequences:"
+{ $subsection flatten } ;
+
+ABOUT: "sequences.deep"
diff --git a/basis/sequences/deep/deep-tests.factor b/basis/sequences/deep/deep-tests.factor
index a88634aa8a..522b5ecdf9 100644
--- a/basis/sequences/deep/deep-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/sequences/deep/deep-tests.factor
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ IN: sequences.deep.tests
 
 [ [ "hello" 3 4 swap ] ] [ [ { "hello" V{ 3 4 } } swap ] flatten ] unit-test
 
-[ "foo" t ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ string? ] deep-find-from ] unit-test
+[ "foo" t ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ string? ] (deep-find) ] unit-test
 
-[ f f ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ number? ] deep-find-from ] unit-test
+[ f f ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ number? ] (deep-find) ] unit-test
 
-[ { { "foo" } "bar" } t ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ array? ] deep-find-from ] unit-test
+[ { { "foo" } "bar" } t ] [ { { "foo" } "bar" } [ array? ] (deep-find) ] unit-test
 
 : change-something ( seq -- newseq )
     dup array? [ "hi" suffix ] [ "hello" append ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/sequences/deep/deep.factor b/basis/sequences/deep/deep.factor
index 2e50fa5411..db572681a1 100644
--- a/basis/sequences/deep/deep.factor
+++ b/basis/sequences/deep/deep.factor
@@ -21,28 +21,27 @@ M: object branch? drop f ;
     [ [ deep-map ] curry map ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : deep-filter ( obj quot: ( elt -- ? ) -- seq )
-    over >r
-    pusher >r deep-each r>
-    r> dup branch? [ like ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
+    over [ pusher [ deep-each ] dip ] dip
+    dup branch? [ like ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
-: deep-find-from ( obj quot: ( elt -- ? ) -- elt ? )
+: (deep-find) ( obj quot: ( elt -- ? ) -- elt ? )
     [ call ] 2keep rot [ drop t ] [
         over branch? [
-            f -rot [ >r nip r> deep-find-from ] curry find drop >boolean
+            f -rot [ [ nip ] dip (deep-find) ] curry find drop >boolean
         ] [ 2drop f f ] if  
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
-: deep-find ( obj quot -- elt ) deep-find-from drop ; inline
+: deep-find ( obj quot -- elt ) (deep-find) drop ; inline
 
-: deep-contains? ( obj quot -- ? ) deep-find-from nip ; inline
+: deep-contains? ( obj quot -- ? ) (deep-find) nip ; inline
 
 : deep-all? ( obj quot -- ? )
     [ not ] compose deep-contains? not ; inline
 
 : deep-change-each ( obj quot: ( elt -- elt' ) -- )
-    over branch? [ [
-        [ call ] keep over >r deep-change-each r>
-    ] curry change-each ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline recursive
+    over branch? [
+        [ [ call ] keep over [ deep-change-each ] dip ] curry change-each
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : flatten ( obj -- seq )
     [ branch? not ] deep-filter ;
diff --git a/basis/sequences/next/next.factor b/basis/sequences/next/next.factor
index b22bf2683c..a0a441ab50 100644
--- a/basis/sequences/next/next.factor
+++ b/basis/sequences/next/next.factor
@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@ IN: sequences.next
 
 <PRIVATE
 
-: iterate-seq >r dup length swap r> ; inline
+: iterate-seq [ dup length swap ] dip ; inline
 
 : (map-next) ( i seq quot -- )
     ! this uses O(n) more bounds checks than is really necessary
-    >r [ >r 1+ r> ?nth ] 2keep nth-unsafe r> call ; inline
+    [ [ [ 1+ ] dip ?nth ] 2keep nth-unsafe ] dip call ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
-: each-next ( seq quot -- )
-    ! quot: next-elt elt --
+: each-next ( seq quot: ( next-elt elt -- ) -- )
     iterate-seq [ (map-next) ] 2curry each-integer ; inline
 
-: map-next ( seq quot -- newseq )
-    ! quot: next-elt elt -- newelt
-    over dup length swap new-sequence >r
-    iterate-seq [ (map-next) ] 2curry
-    r> [ collect ] keep ; inline
+: map-next ( seq quot: ( next-elt elt -- newelt ) -- newseq )
+    over dup length swap new-sequence [
+        iterate-seq [ (map-next) ] 2curry
+    ] dip [ collect ] keep ; inline
diff --git a/basis/serialize/serialize-docs.factor b/basis/serialize/serialize-docs.factor
index fc060d6b33..34922a5eae 100644
--- a/basis/serialize/serialize-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/serialize/serialize-docs.factor
@@ -1,22 +1,34 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006 Chris Double.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: help.syntax help.markup ;
+USING: help.syntax help.markup byte-arrays io ;
 IN: serialize
 
 HELP: serialize
-{ $values { "obj" "object to serialize" } 
-}
-{ $description "Serializes the object to the current output stream. Object references within the structure being serialized are maintained." } 
-{ $examples 
-    { $example "USING: serialize io.encodings.binary io.streams.byte-array prettyprint ;" "binary [ { 1 2 } serialize ] with-byte-writer\n\nbinary [ deserialize ] with-byte-reader ." "{ 1 2 }" }
-}
-{ $see-also deserialize } ;
+{ $values { "obj" "object to serialize" } }
+{ $description "Serializes the object to " { $link output-stream } "." } ;
 
 HELP: deserialize
-{ $values { "obj" "deserialized object" } 
+{ $values { "obj" "deserialized object" } }
+{ $description "Deserializes an object by reading from " { $link input-stream } "." } ;
+
+HELP: object>bytes
+{ $values { "obj" "object to serialize" } { "bytes" byte-array }
 }
-{ $description "Deserializes an object by reading from the current input stream. Object references within the structure that was originally serialized are maintained." } 
-{ $examples 
-    { $example "USING: serialize io.encodings.binary io.streams.byte-array prettyprint ;" "binary [ { 1 2 } serialize ] with-byte-writer\n\nbinary [ deserialize ] with-byte-reader ." "{ 1 2 }" }
+{ $description "Serializes the object to a byte array." } ;
+
+HELP: bytes>object
+{ $values { "bytes" byte-array } { "obj" "deserialized object" } 
 }
-{ $see-also serialize } ;
+{ $description "Deserializes an object from a byte array." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "serialize" "Binary object serialization"
+"The " { $vocab-link "serialize" } " vocabulary implements binary serialization for all Factor data types except for continuations. Unlike the prettyprinter, shared structure and circularity is preserved."
+$nl
+"Storing objects on streams:"
+{ $subsection serialize }
+{ $subsection deserialize }
+"Storing objects as byte arrays:"
+{ $subsection object>bytes }
+{ $subsection bytes>object } ;
+
+ABOUT: "serialize"
diff --git a/basis/serialize/serialize-tests.factor b/basis/serialize/serialize-tests.factor
index 3a75ad65b6..99c6d0e255 100644
--- a/basis/serialize/serialize-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/serialize/serialize-tests.factor
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 ! 
 USING: tools.test kernel serialize io io.streams.byte-array math
-alien arrays byte-arrays bit-arrays float-arrays sequences math
-prettyprint parser classes math.constants io.encodings.binary
-random assocs ;
+alien arrays byte-arrays bit-arrays specialized-arrays.double
+sequences math prettyprint parser classes math.constants
+io.encodings.binary random assocs serialize.private ;
 IN: serialize.tests
 
 : test-serialize-cell
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ C: <serialize-test> serialize-test
         T{ serialize-test f "a" 2 }
         B{ 50 13 55 64 1 }
         ?{ t f t f f t f }
-        F{ 1.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.35 0.33 }
+        double-array{ 1.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 2.35 0.33 }
         << 1 [ 2 ] curry parsed >>
         { { "a" "bc" } { "de" "fg" } }
         H{ { "a" "bc" } { "de" "fg" } }
diff --git a/basis/serialize/serialize.factor b/basis/serialize/serialize.factor
index 52c1535886..f062548482 100644
--- a/basis/serialize/serialize.factor
+++ b/basis/serialize/serialize.factor
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ locals prettyprint compiler.units sequences.private
 classes.tuple.private ;
 IN: serialize
 
+GENERIC: (serialize) ( obj -- )
+
+<PRIVATE
+
 ! Variable holding a assoc of objects already serialized
 SYMBOL: serialized
 
@@ -35,9 +39,6 @@ M: id equal? over id? [ [ obj>> ] bi@ eq? ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
     #! Return the id of an already serialized object 
     <id> serialized get at ;
 
-! Serialize object
-GENERIC: (serialize) ( obj -- )
-
 ! Numbers are serialized as follows:
 ! 0 => B{ 0 }
 ! 1<=x<=126 => B{ x | 0x80 }
@@ -299,11 +300,11 @@ SYMBOL: deserialized
 : (deserialize) ( -- obj )
     deserialize* [ "End of stream" throw ] unless ;
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : deserialize ( -- obj )
-    ! [
     V{ } clone deserialized
     [ (deserialize) ] with-variable ;
-    ! ] with-compilation-unit ;
 
 : serialize ( obj -- )
     H{ } clone serialized [ (serialize) ] with-variable ;
diff --git a/basis/shuffle/shuffle-tests.factor b/basis/shuffle/shuffle-tests.factor
index b5168b903c..f190544e19 100644
--- a/basis/shuffle/shuffle-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/shuffle/shuffle-tests.factor
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ USING: shuffle tools.test ;
 
 [ 8 ] [ 5 6 7 8 3nip ] unit-test
 [ 3 1 2 3 ] [ 1 2 3 tuckd ] unit-test
+[ 1 2 3 4 ] [ 3 4 1 2 2swap ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/shuffle/shuffle.factor b/basis/shuffle/shuffle.factor
index 9a0dfe0e88..b195e4abf9 100644
--- a/basis/shuffle/shuffle.factor
+++ b/basis/shuffle/shuffle.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: kernel generalizations ;
 
 IN: shuffle
 
-: 2swap ( x y z t -- z t x y ) rot >r rot r> ; inline
+: 2swap ( x y z t -- z t x y ) 2 2 mnswap ; inline
 
 : nipd ( a b c -- b c ) rot drop ; inline
 
diff --git a/basis/smtp/server/server.factor b/basis/smtp/server/server.factor
index a6a8bb2cca..7de22e9af9 100644
--- a/basis/smtp/server/server.factor
+++ b/basis/smtp/server/server.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Elie CHAFTARI
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: combinators kernel prettyprint io io.timeouts
-sequences namespaces io.sockets continuations calendar
-io.encodings.ascii io.streams.duplex destructors ;
+USING: combinators kernel prettyprint io io.timeouts sequences
+namespaces io.sockets io.sockets.secure continuations calendar
+io.encodings.ascii io.streams.duplex destructors locals
+concurrency.promises threads accessors smtp.private
+io.unix.sockets.secure.debug ;
 IN: smtp.server
 
 ! Mock SMTP server for testing purposes.
 
-! Usage: 4321 mock-smtp-server
 ! $ telnet 127.0.0.1 4321
 ! Trying 127.0.0.1...
 ! Connected to localhost.
@@ -34,41 +35,52 @@ IN: smtp.server
 SYMBOL: data-mode
 
 : process ( -- )
-    readln {
-        { [ [ dup "HELO" head? ] keep "EHLO" head? or ] [ 
-            "220 and..?\r\n" write flush t
-          ] }
-        { [ dup "QUIT" = ] [ 
-            "bye\r\n" write flush f
-          ] }
-        { [ dup "MAIL FROM:" head? ] [ 
-            "220 OK\r\n" write flush t
-          ] }
-        { [ dup "RCPT TO:" head? ] [ 
-            "220 OK\r\n" write flush t
-          ] }
-        { [ dup "DATA" = ] [
-            data-mode on 
-            "354 Enter message, ending with \".\" on a line by itself\r\n"
-            write flush t
-          ] }
-        { [ dup "." = data-mode get and ] [
-            data-mode off
-            "220 OK\r\n" write flush t
-          ] }
+    read-crlf {
+        {
+            [ dup [ "HELO" head? ] [ "EHLO" head? ] bi or ]
+            [ "220 and..?\r\n" write flush t ]
+        }
+        {
+            [ dup "STARTTLS" = ]
+            [
+                "220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS\r\n" write flush
+                accept-secure-handshake t
+            ]
+        }
+        { [ dup "QUIT" = ] [ "220 bye\r\n" write flush f ] }
+        { [ dup "MAIL FROM:" head? ] [ "220 OK\r\n" write flush t ] }
+        { [ dup "RCPT TO:" head? ] [ "220 OK\r\n" write flush t ] }
+        {
+            [ dup "DATA" = ]
+            [
+                data-mode on 
+                "354 Enter message, ending with \".\" on a line by itself\r\n"
+                write flush t
+            ]
+        }
+        {
+            [ dup "." = data-mode get and ]
+            [
+                data-mode off
+                "220 OK\r\n" write flush t
+            ]
+        }
         { [ data-mode get ] [ dup global [ print ] bind t ] }
-        [ 
-            "500 ERROR\r\n" write flush t
-        ]
+        [ "500 ERROR\r\n" write flush t ]
     } cond nip [ process ] when ;
 
-: mock-smtp-server ( port -- )
-    "Starting SMTP server on port " write dup . flush
-    "127.0.0.1" swap <inet4> ascii <server> [
-        accept drop [
-            1 minutes timeouts
-            "220 hello\r\n" write flush
-            process
-            global [ flush ] bind
-        ] with-stream
-    ] with-disposal ;
+:: mock-smtp-server ( promise -- )
+    #! Store the port we are running on in the promise.
+    [
+        [
+            "127.0.0.1" 0 <inet4> ascii <server> [
+            dup addr>> port>> promise fulfill
+                accept drop [
+                    1 minutes timeouts
+                    "220 hello\r\n" write flush
+                    process
+                    global [ flush ] bind
+                ] with-stream
+            ] with-disposal
+        ] with-test-context
+    ] in-thread ;
diff --git a/basis/smtp/smtp-docs.factor b/basis/smtp/smtp-docs.factor
index c1c2d1c1f8..83b9287043 100644
--- a/basis/smtp/smtp-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/smtp/smtp-docs.factor
@@ -5,20 +5,52 @@ io.sockets strings calendar ;
 IN: smtp
 
 HELP: smtp-domain
-{ $description "The name of the machine that is sending the email.  This variable will be filled in by the " { $link host-name } " word if not set by the user." } ;
+{ $var-description "The name of the machine that is sending the email.  This variable will be filled in by the " { $link host-name } " word if not set by the user." } ;
 
 HELP: smtp-server
-{ $description "Holds an " { $link inet } " object with the address of an SMTP server." } ;
+{ $var-description "Holds an " { $link inet } " object with the address of an SMTP server." } ;
+
+HELP: smtp-tls?
+{ $var-description "If set to true, secure socket communication will be established after connecting to the SMTP server. The server must support the " { $snippet "STARTTLS" } " command. Off by default." } ;
 
 HELP: smtp-read-timeout
-{ $description "Holds an " { $link duration } " object that specifies how long to wait for a response from the SMTP server." } ;
+{ $var-description "Holds a " { $link duration } " object that specifies how long to wait for a response from the SMTP server." } ;
 
-HELP: esmtp?
-{ $description "Set true by default, determines whether the SMTP client is using the Extended SMTP protocol." } ;
+HELP: smtp-auth
+{ $var-description "Holds either " { $link no-auth } " or an instance of " { $link plain-auth } ", specifying how to authenticate with the SMTP server. Set to " { $link no-auth } " by default." } ;
+
+HELP: no-auth
+{ $class-description "If the " { $link smtp-auth } " variable is set to this value, no authentication will be performed." } ;
+
+HELP: plain-auth
+{ $class-description "If the " { $link smtp-auth } " variable is set to this value, plain authentication will be performed, with the username and password stored in the " { $slot "username" } " and " { $slot "password" } " slots of the tuple sent to the server as plain-text." } ;
+
+HELP: <plain-auth> ( username password -- plain-auth )
+{ $values { "username" string } { "password" string } { "plain-auth" plain-auth } }
+{ $description "Creates a new " { $link plain-auth } " instance." } ;
 
 HELP: with-smtp-connection
 { $values { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Connects to an SMTP server stored in " { $link smtp-server } " and calls the quotation." } ;
+{ $description "Connects to an SMTP server stored in " { $link smtp-server } " and calls the quotation." }
+{ $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link send-email } " and there is probably no reason to call it directly." } ;
+
+HELP: email
+{ $class-description "An e-mail. E-mails have the following slots:"
+    { $table
+        { { $slot "from" } "The sender of the e-mail. An e-mail address." }
+        { { $slot "to" } "The recipients of the e-mail. A sequence of e-mail addresses." }
+        { { $slot "cc" } "Carbon-copy. A sequence of e-mail addresses." }
+        { { $slot "bcc" } "Blind carbon-copy. A sequence of e-mail addresses." }
+        { { $slot "subject" } " The subject of the e-mail. A string." }
+        { { $slot "body" } " The body of the e-mail. A string." }
+    }
+"The " { $slot "from" } " and " { $slot "to" } " slots are required; the rest are optional."
+$nl
+"An e-mail address is a string in one of the following two formats:"
+{ $list
+    { $snippet "joe@groff.com" }
+    { $snippet "Joe Groff <joe@groff.com>" }
+} } ;
 
 HELP: <email>
 { $values { "email" email } }
@@ -26,9 +58,9 @@ HELP: <email>
 
 HELP: send-email
 { $values { "email" email } }
-{ $description "Sends an " { $link email } " object to an STMP server stored in the " { $link smtp-server } " variable.  The required slots are " { $slot "from" } " and " { $slot "to" } "." }
+{ $description "Sends an e-mail." }
 { $examples
-    { $unchecked-example "USING: accessors smtp ;"
+    { $code "USING: accessors smtp ;"
     "<email>"
     "    \"groucho@marx.bros\" >>from"
     "    { \"chico@marx.bros\" \"harpo@marx.bros\" } >>to"
@@ -42,10 +74,21 @@ HELP: send-email
 } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "smtp" "SMTP client library"
-"Configuring SMTP:"
+"The " { $vocab-link "smtp" } " vocabulary sends e-mail via an SMTP server."
+$nl
+"This library is configured by a set of dynamically-scoped variables:"
 { $subsection smtp-server }
+{ $subsection smtp-tls? }
 { $subsection smtp-read-timeout }
 { $subsection smtp-domain }
-{ $subsection esmtp? }
+{ $subsection smtp-auth }
+"The latter is set to an instance of one of the following:"
+{ $subsection no-auth }
+{ $subsection plain-auth }
+"Constructing an e-mail:"
+{ $subsection email }
+{ $subsection <email> }
 "Sending an email:"
 { $subsection send-email } ;
+
+ABOUT: "smtp"
diff --git a/basis/smtp/smtp-tests.factor b/basis/smtp/smtp-tests.factor
index f8b321fdac..e3638bd969 100644
--- a/basis/smtp/smtp-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/smtp/smtp-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-USING: smtp tools.test io.streams.string io.sockets threads
-smtp.server kernel sequences namespaces logging accessors
-assocs sorting smtp.private ;
+USING: smtp tools.test io.streams.string io.sockets
+io.sockets.secure threads smtp.server kernel sequences
+namespaces logging accessors assocs sorting smtp.private
+concurrency.promises system ;
 IN: smtp.tests
 
+\ send-email must-infer
+
 { 0 0 } [ [ ] with-smtp-connection ] must-infer-as
 
 [ "hello\nworld" validate-address ] must-fail
@@ -16,15 +19,22 @@ IN: smtp.tests
     "hello\nworld" [ send-body ] with-string-writer
 ] unit-test
 
-[ "500 syntax error" check-response ] must-fail
+[ { "500 syntax error" } <response> check-response ]
+[ smtp-error? ] must-fail-with
 
-[ ] [ "220 success" check-response ] unit-test
+[ ] [ { "220 success" } <response> check-response ] unit-test
 
-[ "220 success" ] [
+[ T{ response f 220 { "220 success" } } ] [
     "220 success" [ receive-response ] with-string-reader
 ] unit-test
 
-[ "220 the end" ] [
+[
+    T{ response f 220 {
+        "220-a multiline response"
+        "250-another line"
+        "220 the end"
+    } }
+] [
     "220-a multiline response\r\n250-another line\r\n220 the end"
     [ receive-response ] with-string-reader
 ] unit-test
@@ -63,13 +73,15 @@ IN: smtp.tests
     [ from>> extract-email ] tri
 ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ [ 4321 mock-smtp-server ] "SMTP server" spawn drop ] unit-test
+<promise> "p" set
 
-[ ] [ yield ] unit-test
+[ ] [ "p" get mock-smtp-server ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [
-    [
-        "localhost" 4321 <inet> smtp-server set
+    <secure-config> f >>verify [
+        "localhost" "p" get ?promise <inet> smtp-server set
+        no-auth smtp-auth set
+        os unix? [ smtp-tls? on ] when
 
         <email>
             "Hi guys\nBye guys" >>body
@@ -80,7 +92,5 @@ IN: smtp.tests
             } >>to
             "Doug <erg@factorcode.org>" >>from
         send-email
-    ] with-scope
+    ] with-secure-context
 ] unit-test
-
-[ ] [ yield ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/smtp/smtp.factor b/basis/smtp/smtp.factor
index c17bccf064..7f14945633 100644
--- a/basis/smtp/smtp.factor
+++ b/basis/smtp/smtp.factor
@@ -1,16 +1,31 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Elie CHAFTARI, Dirk Vleugels,
 ! Slava Pestov, Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays namespaces make io io.timeouts kernel logging
-io.sockets sequences combinators splitting assocs strings
-math.parser random system calendar io.encodings.ascii summary
-calendar.format accessors sets hashtables ;
+USING: arrays namespaces make io io.encodings.string
+io.encodings.utf8 io.timeouts io.sockets io.sockets.secure
+io.encodings.ascii kernel logging sequences combinators
+splitting assocs strings math.order math.parser random system
+calendar summary calendar.format accessors sets hashtables
+base64 debugger classes prettyprint ;
 IN: smtp
 
 SYMBOL: smtp-domain
-SYMBOL: smtp-server     "localhost" 25 <inet> smtp-server set-global
-SYMBOL: smtp-read-timeout    1 minutes smtp-read-timeout set-global
-SYMBOL: esmtp?           t esmtp? set-global
+
+SYMBOL: smtp-server
+"localhost" 25 <inet> smtp-server set-global
+
+SYMBOL: smtp-tls?
+
+SYMBOL: smtp-read-timeout
+1 minutes smtp-read-timeout set-global
+
+SINGLETON: no-auth
+
+TUPLE: plain-auth username password ;
+C: <plain-auth> plain-auth
+
+SYMBOL: smtp-auth
+no-auth smtp-auth set-global
 
 LOG: log-smtp-connection NOTICE ( addrspec -- )
 
@@ -31,15 +46,23 @@ TUPLE: email
     { subject string }
     { body string } ;
 
-: <email> ( -- email ) email new ;
+: <email> ( -- email ) email new ; inline
 
 <PRIVATE
+
 : crlf ( -- ) "\r\n" write ;
 
+: read-crlf ( -- bytes )
+    "\r" read-until
+    [ CHAR: \r assert= read1 CHAR: \n assert= ] when* ;
+
 : command ( string -- ) write crlf flush ;
 
-: helo ( -- )
-    esmtp? get "EHLO " "HELO " ? host-name append command ;
+\ command DEBUG add-input-logging
+
+: helo ( -- ) "EHLO " host-name append command ;
+
+: start-tls ( -- ) "STARTTLS" command ;
 
 ERROR: bad-email-address email ;
 
@@ -60,8 +83,7 @@ ERROR: bad-email-address email ;
 ERROR: message-contains-dot message ;
 
 M: message-contains-dot summary ( obj -- string )
-    drop
-    "Message cannot contain . on a line by itself" ;
+    drop "Message cannot contain . on a line by itself" ;
 
 : validate-message ( msg -- msg' )
     "." over member?
@@ -78,7 +100,30 @@ M: message-contains-dot summary ( obj -- string )
 
 LOG: smtp-response DEBUG
 
-ERROR: smtp-error message ;
+: multiline? ( response -- boolean )
+    3 swap ?nth CHAR: - = ;
+
+: (receive-response) ( -- )
+    read-crlf
+    [ , ]
+    [ smtp-response ]
+    [ multiline? [ (receive-response) ] when ]
+    tri ;
+
+TUPLE: response code messages ;
+
+: <response> ( lines -- response )
+    [ first 3 head string>number ] keep response boa ;
+
+: receive-response ( -- response )
+    [ (receive-response) ] { } make <response> ;
+
+ERROR: smtp-error response ;
+
+M: smtp-error error.
+    "SMTP error (" write dup class pprint ")" print
+    response>> messages>> [ print ] each ;
+
 ERROR: smtp-server-busy < smtp-error ;
 ERROR: smtp-syntax-error < smtp-error ;
 ERROR: smtp-command-not-implemented < smtp-error ;
@@ -90,43 +135,36 @@ ERROR: smtp-bad-mailbox-name < smtp-error ;
 ERROR: smtp-transaction-failed < smtp-error ;
 
 : check-response ( response -- )
-    dup smtp-response
-    {
-        { [ dup "bye" head? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "220" head? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "235" swap subseq? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "250" head? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "221" head? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "354" head? ] [ drop ] }
-        { [ dup "4" head? ] [ smtp-server-busy ] }
-        { [ dup "500" head? ] [ smtp-syntax-error ] }
-        { [ dup "501" head? ] [ smtp-command-not-implemented ] }
-        { [ dup "50" head? ] [ smtp-syntax-error ] }
-        { [ dup "53" head? ] [ smtp-bad-authentication ] }
-        { [ dup "550" head? ] [ smtp-mailbox-unavailable ] }
-        { [ dup "551" head? ] [ smtp-user-not-local ] }
-        { [ dup "552" head? ] [ smtp-exceeded-storage-allocation ] }
-        { [ dup "553" head? ] [ smtp-bad-mailbox-name ] }
-        { [ dup "554" head? ] [ smtp-transaction-failed ] }
-        [ smtp-error ]
+    dup code>> {
+        { [ dup { 220 235 250 221 354 } member? ] [ 2drop ] }
+        { [ dup 400 499 between? ] [ drop smtp-server-busy ] }
+        { [ dup 500 = ] [ drop smtp-syntax-error ] }
+        { [ dup 501 = ] [ drop smtp-command-not-implemented ] }
+        { [ dup 500 509 between? ] [ drop smtp-syntax-error ] }
+        { [ dup 530 539 between? ] [ drop smtp-bad-authentication ] }
+        { [ dup 550 = ] [ drop smtp-mailbox-unavailable ] }
+        { [ dup 551 = ] [ drop smtp-user-not-local ] }
+        { [ dup 552 = ] [ drop smtp-exceeded-storage-allocation ] }
+        { [ dup 553 = ] [ drop smtp-bad-mailbox-name ] }
+        { [ dup 554 = ] [ drop smtp-transaction-failed ] }
+        [ drop smtp-error ]
     } cond ;
 
-: multiline? ( response -- boolean )
-    3 swap ?nth CHAR: - = ;
-
-: process-multiline ( multiline -- response )
-    >r readln r> 2dup " " append head? [
-        drop dup smtp-response
-    ] [
-        swap check-response process-multiline
-    ] if ;
-
-: receive-response ( -- response )
-    readln
-    dup multiline? [ 3 head process-multiline ] when ;
-
 : get-ok ( -- ) receive-response check-response ;
 
+GENERIC: send-auth ( auth -- )
+
+M: no-auth send-auth drop ;
+
+: plain-auth-string ( username password -- string )
+    [ "\0" prepend ] bi@ append utf8 encode >base64 ;
+
+M: plain-auth send-auth
+    [ username>> ] [ password>> ] bi plain-auth-string
+    "AUTH PLAIN " prepend command get-ok ;
+
+: auth ( -- ) smtp-auth get send-auth ;
+
 ERROR: invalid-header-string string ;
 
 : validate-header ( string -- string' )
@@ -145,7 +183,7 @@ ERROR: invalid-header-string string ;
         "<" %
         64 random-bits #
         "-" %
-        millis #
+        micros #
         "@" %
         smtp-domain get [ host-name ] unless* %
         ">" %
@@ -153,7 +191,7 @@ ERROR: invalid-header-string string ;
 
 : extract-email ( recepient -- email )
     ! This could be much smarter.
-    " " last-split1 swap or "<" ?head drop ">" ?tail drop ;
+    " " split1-last swap or "<" ?head drop ">" ?tail drop ;
 
 : email>headers ( email -- hashtable )
     [
@@ -169,7 +207,10 @@ ERROR: invalid-header-string string ;
 
 : (send-email) ( headers email -- )
     [
+        get-ok
         helo get-ok
+        smtp-tls? get [ start-tls get-ok send-secure-handshake ] when
+        auth
         dup from>> extract-email mail-from get-ok
         dup to>> [ extract-email rcpt-to get-ok ] each
         dup cc>> [ extract-email rcpt-to get-ok ] each
@@ -180,6 +221,7 @@ ERROR: invalid-header-string string ;
         body>> send-body get-ok
         quit get-ok
     ] with-smtp-connection ;
+
 PRIVATE>
 
 : send-email ( email -- )
diff --git a/basis/sorting/human/tags.txt b/basis/sorting/human/tags.txt
index 3ab2d731fe..93a2a0fa14 100644
--- a/basis/sorting/human/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/sorting/human/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 collections
 text
+algorithms
diff --git a/basis/sorting/insertion/tags.txt b/basis/sorting/insertion/tags.txt
index 42d711b32b..1e3d675068 100644
--- a/basis/sorting/insertion/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/sorting/insertion/tags.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 collections
+algorithms
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/alien/alien.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/alien/alien.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..465d1665f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/alien/alien.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.alien
+
+<< "void*" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/authors.txt b/basis/specialized-arrays/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/bool/bool.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/bool/bool.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..759ee91abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/bool/bool.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.bool
+
+<< "bool" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/char/char.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/char/char.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdf78eeef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/char/char.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.char
+
+<< "char" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/alien/alien.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/alien/alien.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3949c40352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/alien/alien.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.alien specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.alien
+
+<< "void*" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/bool/bool.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/bool/bool.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..689fcc3069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/bool/bool.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.bool specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.bool
+
+<< "bool" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/char/char.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/char/char.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cca3a62010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/char/char.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.char specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.char
+
+<< "char" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-docs.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2638c4af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax byte-arrays alien ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct
+
+ARTICLE: "specialized-arrays.direct" "Direct-mapped specialized arrays"
+"The " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.direct" } " vocabulary implements fixed-length sequence types for storing machine values in unmanaged C memory."
+$nl
+"For each primitive C type " { $snippet "T" } ", a set of words are defined:"
+{ $table
+    { { $snippet "direct-T-array" } { "The class of direct arrays with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } } }
+    { { $snippet "<direct-T-array>" } { "Constructor for arrays with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( alien len -- array )" } } }
+}
+"Each direct array has a " { $slot "underlying" } " slot holding an " { $link simple-alien } " pointer to the raw data. This data can be passed to C functions."
+$nl
+"The primitive C types for which direct arrays exist:"
+{ $list
+    { $snippet "char" }
+    { $snippet "uchar" }
+    { $snippet "short" }
+    { $snippet "ushort" }
+    { $snippet "int" }
+    { $snippet "uint" }
+    { $snippet "long" }
+    { $snippet "ulong" }
+    { $snippet "longlong" }
+    { $snippet "ulonglong" }
+    { $snippet "float" }
+    { $snippet "double" }
+    { $snippet "void*" }
+    { $snippet "bool" }
+}
+"Direct arrays are generated with a functor in the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.direct.functor" } " vocabulary." ;
+
+ABOUT: "specialized-arrays.direct"
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-tests.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a48b5d3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.tests
+USING: specialized-arrays.direct.ushort tools.test
+specialized-arrays.ushort alien.syntax sequences ;
+
+[ ushort-array{ 0 0 0 } ] [
+    3 ALIEN: 123 100 <direct-ushort-array> new-sequence
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c15c66415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/direct.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/double/double.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/double/double.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3089b3e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/double/double.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.double specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.double
+
+<< "double" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/float/float.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/float/float.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94caa95685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/float/float.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.float specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.float
+
+<< "float" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2cde26b731
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/functor/functor.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: functors sequences sequences.private kernel words classes
+math alien alien.c-types byte-arrays accessors
+specialized-arrays ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.functor
+
+FUNCTOR: define-direct-array ( T -- )
+
+A'      IS ${T}-array
+>A'     IS >${T}-array
+<A'>    IS <${A'}>
+
+A       DEFINES direct-${T}-array
+<A>     DEFINES <${A}>
+
+NTH     [ T dup c-getter array-accessor ]
+SET-NTH [ T dup c-setter array-accessor ]
+
+WHERE
+
+TUPLE: A
+{ underlying alien read-only }
+{ length fixnum read-only } ;
+
+: <A> ( alien len -- direct-array ) A boa ; inline
+M: A length length>> ;
+M: A nth-unsafe underlying>> NTH call ;
+M: A set-nth-unsafe underlying>> SET-NTH call ;
+M: A like drop dup A instance? [ >A' execute ] unless ;
+M: A new-sequence drop <A'> execute ;
+
+INSTANCE: A sequence
+
+;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/int/int.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/int/int.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c204e2706f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/int/int.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.int specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.int
+
+<< "int" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/long/long.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/long/long.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33c52bb524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/long/long.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.long specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.long
+
+<< "long" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/longlong/longlong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/longlong/longlong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f132000227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/longlong/longlong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.longlong specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.longlong
+
+<< "longlong" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/short/short.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/short/short.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f837bebb84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/short/short.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.short specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.short
+
+<< "short" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uchar/uchar.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uchar/uchar.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34409798ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uchar/uchar.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.uchar specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.uchar
+
+<< "uchar" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uint/uint.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uint/uint.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22f7ba333f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/uint/uint.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.uint specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.uint
+
+<< "uint" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulong/ulong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulong/ulong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a568ab631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulong/ulong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.ulong specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.ulong
+
+<< "ulong" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10fa178c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.ulonglong specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.ulonglong
+
+<< "ulonglong" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ushort/ushort.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ushort/ushort.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bd34c7eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/direct/ushort/ushort.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-arrays.ushort specialized-arrays.direct.functor ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.direct.ushort
+
+<< "ushort" define-direct-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/double/double.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/double/double.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0501458532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/double/double.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.double
+
+<< "double" define-array >>
+
+! Specializer hints. These should really be generalized, and placed
+! somewhere else
+USING: hints math.vectors arrays kernel math accessors sequences ;
+
+HINTS: <double-array> { 2 } { 3 } ;
+
+HINTS: vneg { array } { double-array } ;
+HINTS: v*n { array object } { double-array float } ;
+HINTS: n*v { array object } { float double-array } ;
+HINTS: v/n { array object } { double-array float } ;
+HINTS: n/v { object array } { float double-array } ;
+HINTS: v+ { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: v- { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: v* { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: v/ { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: vmax { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: vmin { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: v. { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+HINTS: norm-sq { array } { double-array } ;
+HINTS: norm { array } { double-array } ;
+HINTS: normalize { array } { double-array } ;
+HINTS: distance { array array } { double-array double-array } ;
+
+! Type functions
+USING: words classes.algebra compiler.tree.propagation.info
+math.intervals ;
+
+{ v+ v- v* v/ vmax vmin } [
+    [
+        [ class>> double-array class<= ] both?
+        double-array object ? <class-info>
+    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+] each
+
+{ n*v n/v } [
+    [
+        nip class>> double-array class<= double-array object ? <class-info>
+    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+] each
+
+{ v*n v/n } [
+    [
+        drop class>> double-array class<= double-array object ? <class-info>
+    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+] each
+
+{ vneg normalize } [
+    [
+        class>> double-array class<= double-array object ? <class-info>
+    ] "outputs" set-word-prop
+] each
+
+\ norm-sq [
+    class>> double-array class<= [ float 0. 1/0. [a,b] <class/interval-info> ] [ object-info ] if
+] "outputs" set-word-prop
+
+\ v. [
+    [ class>> double-array class<= ] both?
+    float object ? <class-info>
+] "outputs" set-word-prop
+
+\ distance [
+    [ class>> double-array class<= ] both?
+    [ float 0. 1/0. [a,b] <class/interval-info> ] [ object-info ] if
+] "outputs" set-word-prop
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/float/float.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/float/float.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d9da66739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/float/float.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.float
+
+<< "float" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52977dc22a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/functor/functor.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: functors sequences sequences.private prettyprint.backend
+kernel words classes math parser alien.c-types byte-arrays
+accessors summary ;
+IN: specialized-arrays.functor
+
+ERROR: bad-byte-array-length byte-array type ;
+
+M: bad-byte-array-length summary
+    drop "Byte array length doesn't divide type width" ;
+
+FUNCTOR: define-array ( T -- )
+
+A            DEFINES ${T}-array
+<A>          DEFINES <${A}>
+>A           DEFINES >${A}
+byte-array>A DEFINES byte-array>${A}
+A{           DEFINES ${A}{
+
+NTH          [ T dup c-getter array-accessor ]
+SET-NTH      [ T dup c-setter array-accessor ]
+
+WHERE
+
+TUPLE: A
+{ length array-capacity read-only }
+{ underlying byte-array read-only } ;
+
+: <A> ( n -- specialized-array ) dup T <c-array> A boa ; inline
+
+: byte-array>A ( byte-array -- specialized-array )
+    dup length T heap-size /mod 0 = [ drop T bad-byte-array-length ] unless
+    swap A boa ; inline
+
+M: A clone [ length>> ] [ underlying>> clone ] bi A boa ;
+
+M: A length length>> ;
+
+M: A nth-unsafe underlying>> NTH call ;
+
+M: A set-nth-unsafe underlying>> SET-NTH call ;
+
+: >A ( seq -- specialized-array ) A new clone-like ; inline
+
+M: A like drop dup A instance? [ >A execute ] unless ;
+
+M: A new-sequence drop <A> execute ;
+
+M: A equal? over A instance? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+
+M: A resize
+    [ drop ] [
+        [ T heap-size * ] [ underlying>> ] bi*
+        resize-byte-array
+    ] 2bi
+    A boa ;
+
+M: A byte-length underlying>> length ;
+
+M: A pprint-delims drop A{ \ } ;
+
+M: A >pprint-sequence ;
+
+M: A pprint* pprint-object ;
+
+: A{ \ } [ >A execute ] parse-literal ; parsing
+
+INSTANCE: A sequence
+
+;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/int/int.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/int/int.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37f4b59c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/int/int.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.int
+
+<< "int" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/long/long.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/long/long.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cba6424eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/long/long.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.long
+
+<< "long" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/longlong/longlong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/longlong/longlong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..195dd78f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/longlong/longlong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.longlong
+
+<< "longlong" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/short/short.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/short/short.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3891462159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/short/short.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.short
+
+<< "short" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-docs.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c1b3dbc59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax byte-arrays ;
+IN: specialized-arrays
+
+ARTICLE: "specialized-arrays" "Specialized arrays"
+"The " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays" } " vocabulary implements fixed-length sequence types for storing machine values in a space-efficient manner without boxing."
+$nl
+"For each primitive C type " { $snippet "T" } ", a set of words are defined in the vocabulary named " { $snippet "specialized-arrays.T" } ":"
+{ $table
+    { { $snippet "T-array" } { "The class of arrays with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } } }
+    { { $snippet "<T-array>" } { "Constructor for arrays with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( len -- array )" } } }
+    { { $snippet ">T-array" } { "Converts a sequence into a specialized array of type " { $snippet "T" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( seq -- array )" } } }
+    { { $snippet "byte-array>T-array" } { "Converts a byte array into a specialized array by interpreting the bytes in as machine-specific values. Code which uses this word is unportable" } }
+    { { $snippet "T-array{" } { "Literal syntax, consists of a series of values terminated by " { $snippet "}" } } }
+}
+"Each specialized array has a " { $slot "underlying" } " slot holding a " { $link byte-array } " with the raw data. This data can be passed to C functions."
+$nl
+"The primitive C types for which specialized arrays exist:"
+{ $list
+    { $snippet "char" }
+    { $snippet "uchar" }
+    { $snippet "short" }
+    { $snippet "ushort" }
+    { $snippet "int" }
+    { $snippet "uint" }
+    { $snippet "long" }
+    { $snippet "ulong" }
+    { $snippet "longlong" }
+    { $snippet "ulonglong" }
+    { $snippet "float" }
+    { $snippet "double" }
+    { $snippet "void*" }
+    { $snippet "bool" }
+}
+"Note that " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.bool" } " behaves like a C " { $snippet "bool[]" } " array, and each element takes up 8 bits of space. For a more space-efficient boolean array, see " { $link "bit-arrays" } "."
+$nl
+"Specialized arrays are generated with a functor in the " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays.functor" } " vocabulary."
+$nl
+"The " { $vocab-link "specialized-vectors" } " vocabulary provides resizable versions of the above." ;
+
+ABOUT: "specialized-arrays"
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-tests.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ca041191e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+IN: specialized-arrays.tests
+USING: tools.test specialized-arrays sequences
+specialized-arrays.int specialized-arrays.bool
+specialized-arrays.ushort alien.c-types accessors kernel ;
+
+[ t ] [ { 1 2 3 } >int-array int-array? ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ int-array{ 1 2 3 } int-array? ] unit-test
+
+[ 2 ] [ int-array{ 1 2 3 } second ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ { t f t } >bool-array underlying>> { 1 0 1 } >int-array underlying>> = ] unit-test
+
+[ ushort-array{ 1234 } ] [
+    little-endian? B{ 210 4 } B{ 4 210 } ? byte-array>ushort-array
+] unit-test
+
+[ B{ 210 4 1 } byte-array>ushort-array ] must-fail
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..631d28ddd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/specialized-arrays.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+IN: specialized-arrays
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/summary.txt b/basis/specialized-arrays/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6191766134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Arrays of unboxed primitive C types
diff --git a/basis/float-vectors/tags.txt b/basis/specialized-arrays/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/float-vectors/tags.txt
rename to basis/specialized-arrays/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/uchar/uchar.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/uchar/uchar.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6ed4f3ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/uchar/uchar.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.uchar
+
+<< "uchar" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/uint/uint.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/uint/uint.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1534a3d158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/uint/uint.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.uint
+
+<< "uint" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/ulong/ulong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/ulong/ulong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27dc1295b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/ulong/ulong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.ulong
+
+<< "ulong" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbb2b3cf9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.ulonglong
+
+<< "ulonglong" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-arrays/ushort/ushort.factor b/basis/specialized-arrays/ushort/ushort.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0989aa9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-arrays/ushort/ushort.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USE: specialized-arrays.functor
+IN: specialized-arrays.ushort
+
+<< "ushort" define-array >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/alien/alien.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/alien/alien.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b9855f6c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/alien/alien.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.alien ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.alien
+
+<< "void*" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/authors.txt b/basis/specialized-vectors/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/bool/bool.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/bool/bool.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75d452a1d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/bool/bool.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.bool ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.bool
+
+<< "bool" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/char/char.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/char/char.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c34167cb6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/char/char.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.char ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.char
+
+<< "char" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/double/double.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/double/double.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e77162517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/double/double.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.double ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.double
+
+<< "double" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/float/float.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/float/float.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..010b4486cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/float/float.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.float ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.float
+
+<< "float" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0628f8b484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/functor/functor.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: functors sequences sequences.private growable
+prettyprint.backend kernel words classes math parser ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.functor
+
+FUNCTOR: define-vector ( T -- )
+
+A   IS      ${T}-array
+<A> IS      <${A}>
+
+V   DEFINES ${T}-vector
+<V> DEFINES <${V}>
+>V  DEFINES >${V}
+V{  DEFINES ${V}{
+
+WHERE
+
+TUPLE: V { underlying A } { length array-capacity } ;
+
+: <V> <A> execute 0 V boa ; inline
+
+M: V like
+    drop dup V instance? [
+        dup A instance? [ dup length V boa ] [ >V execute ] if
+    ] unless ;
+
+M: V new-sequence drop [ <A> execute ] [ >fixnum ] bi V boa ;
+
+M: A new-resizable drop <V> execute ;
+
+M: V equal? over V instance? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+
+: >V V new clone-like ; inline
+
+M: V pprint-delims drop V{ \ } ;
+
+M: V >pprint-sequence ;
+
+M: V pprint* pprint-object ;
+
+: V{ \ } [ >V execute ] parse-literal ; parsing
+
+INSTANCE: V growable
+
+;FUNCTOR
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/int/int.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/int/int.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d77e6fd214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/int/int.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.int ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.int
+
+<< "int" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/long/long.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/long/long.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a026054f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/long/long.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.long ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.long
+
+<< "long" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/longlong/longlong.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/longlong/longlong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e272ea0bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/longlong/longlong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.longlong ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.longlong
+
+<< "longlong" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/short/short.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/short/short.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26ffad4245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/short/short.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.short ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.short
+
+<< "short" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-docs.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c0a15cb75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax byte-vectors ;
+IN: specialized-vectors
+
+ARTICLE: "specialized-vectors" "Specialized vectors"
+"The " { $vocab-link "specialized-vectors" } " vocabulary implements resizable sequence types for storing machine values in a space-efficient manner without boxing."
+$nl
+"For each primitive C type " { $snippet "T" } ", a set of words are defined:"
+{ $table
+    { { $snippet "T-vector" } { "The class of vectors with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } } }
+    { { $snippet "<T-vector>" } { "Constructor for vectors with elements of type " { $snippet "T" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( len -- vector )" } } }
+    { { $snippet ">T-vector" } { "Converts a sequence into a specialized vector of type " { $snippet "T" } "; stack effect " { $snippet "( seq -- vector )" } } }
+    { { $snippet "T-vector{" } { "Literal syntax, consists of a series of values terminated by " { $snippet "}" } } }
+}
+"The primitive C types for which specialized vectors exist:"
+{ $list
+    { $snippet "char" }
+    { $snippet "uchar" }
+    { $snippet "short" }
+    { $snippet "ushort" }
+    { $snippet "int" }
+    { $snippet "uint" }
+    { $snippet "long" }
+    { $snippet "ulong" }
+    { $snippet "longlong" }
+    { $snippet "ulonglong" }
+    { $snippet "float" }
+    { $snippet "double" }
+    { $snippet "void*" }
+    { $snippet "bool" }
+}
+"Specialized vectors are generated with a functor in the " { $vocab-link "specialized-vectors.functor" } " vocabulary."
+$nl
+"The " { $vocab-link "specialized-arrays" } " vocabulary provides fixed-length versions of the above." ;
+
+ABOUT: "specialized-vectors"
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-tests.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df077ce189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+IN: specialized-vectors.tests
+USING: specialized-vectors.double tools.test kernel sequences ;
+
+[ 3 ] [ double-vector{ 1 2 } 3 over push length ] unit-test
+
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5df602c78d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/specialized-vectors.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+IN: specialized-vectors
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/summary.txt b/basis/specialized-vectors/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9df7115d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Vectors of unboxed primitive C types
diff --git a/core/grouping/tags.txt b/basis/specialized-vectors/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from core/grouping/tags.txt
rename to basis/specialized-vectors/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/uchar/uchar.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/uchar/uchar.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76cbd154b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/uchar/uchar.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.uchar ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.uchar
+
+<< "uchar" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/uint/uint.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/uint/uint.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95800878eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/uint/uint.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.uint ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.uint
+
+<< "uint" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/ulong/ulong.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/ulong/ulong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..486a9dd513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/ulong/ulong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.ulong ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.ulong
+
+<< "ulong" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c06ccec1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/ulonglong/ulonglong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.ulonglong ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.ulonglong
+
+<< "ulonglong" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/specialized-vectors/ushort/ushort.factor b/basis/specialized-vectors/ushort/ushort.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6968607919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/specialized-vectors/ushort/ushort.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: specialized-vectors.functor specialized-arrays.ushort ;
+IN: specialized-vectors.ushort
+
+<< "ushort" define-vector >>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend-tests.factor b/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bbba0fcb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+USING: stack-checker.backend tools.test kernel namespaces
+stack-checker.state sequences ;
+IN: stack-checker.backend.tests
+
+[ ] [
+    V{ } clone meta-d set
+    V{ } clone meta-r set
+    0 d-in set
+] unit-test
+
+[ 0 ] [ 0 ensure-d length ] unit-test
+
+[ 2 ] [ 2 ensure-d length ] unit-test
+[ 2 ] [ meta-d get length ] unit-test
+
+[ 3 ] [ 3 ensure-d length ] unit-test
+[ 3 ] [ meta-d get length ] unit-test
+
+[ 1 ] [ 1 ensure-d length ] unit-test
+[ 3 ] [ meta-d get length ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [ 1 consume-d drop ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend.factor b/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend.factor
index f8dec5f823..8bb19b82f7 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/backend/backend.factor
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ USING: fry arrays generic io io.streams.string kernel math
 namespaces parser prettyprint sequences strings vectors words
 quotations effects classes continuations debugger assocs
 combinators compiler.errors accessors math.order definitions
-sets generic.standard.engines.tuple stack-checker.state
-stack-checker.visitor stack-checker.errors ;
+sets generic.standard.engines.tuple hints stack-checker.state
+stack-checker.visitor stack-checker.errors
+stack-checker.values stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.backend
 
 : push-d ( obj -- ) meta-d get push ;
@@ -17,15 +18,25 @@ IN: stack-checker.backend
 
 : peek-d ( -- obj ) pop-d dup push-d ;
 
-: consume-d ( n -- seq ) [ pop-d ] replicate reverse ;
-
-: output-d ( values -- ) meta-d get push-all ;
-
-: ensure-d ( n -- values ) consume-d dup output-d ;
-
 : make-values ( n -- values )
     [ <value> ] replicate ;
 
+: ensure-d ( n -- values )
+    meta-d get 2dup length > [
+        2dup
+        [ nip >array ] [ length - make-values ] [ nip delete-all ] 2tri
+        [ length d-in +@ ] [ #introduce, ] [ meta-d get push-all ] tri
+        meta-d get push-all
+    ] when swap tail* ;
+
+: shorten-by ( n seq -- )
+    [ length swap - ] keep shorten ; inline
+
+: consume-d ( n -- seq )
+    [ ensure-d ] [ meta-d get shorten-by ] bi ;
+
+: output-d ( values -- ) meta-d get push-all ;
+
 : produce-d ( n -- values )
     make-values dup meta-d get push-all ;
 
@@ -35,7 +46,10 @@ IN: stack-checker.backend
     meta-r get dup empty?
     [ too-many-r> inference-error ] [ pop ] if ;
 
-: consume-r ( n -- seq ) [ pop-r ] replicate reverse ;
+: consume-r ( n -- seq )
+    meta-r get 2dup length >
+    [ too-many-r> inference-error ] when
+    [ swap tail* ] [ shorten-by ] 2bi ;
 
 : output-r ( seq -- ) meta-r get push-all ;
 
@@ -69,9 +83,6 @@ M: object apply-object push-literal ;
         infer-quot-here
     ] dip recursive-state set ;
 
-: infer-quot-recursive ( quot word label -- )
-    2array recursive-state get swap prefix infer-quot ;
-
 : time-bomb ( error -- )
     '[ _ throw ] infer-quot-here ;
 
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ M: object apply-object push-literal ;
     ] [
         dup value>> callable? [
             [ value>> ]
-            [ [ recursion>> ] keep f 2array prefix ]
+            [ [ recursion>> ] keep add-local-quotation ]
             bi infer-quot
         ] [
             drop bad-call
@@ -113,6 +124,9 @@ M: object apply-object push-literal ;
         terminated?>> [ terminate ] when
     ] 2bi ; inline
 
+: infer-word-def ( word -- )
+    [ specialized-def ] [ add-recursive-state ] bi infer-quot ;
+
 : check->r ( -- )
     meta-r get empty? terminated? get or
     [ \ too-many->r inference-error ] unless ;
@@ -161,7 +175,7 @@ M: object apply-object push-literal ;
             stack-visitor off
             dependencies off
             generic-dependencies off
-            [ [ def>> ] [ ] [ ] tri infer-quot-recursive end-infer ]
+            [ infer-word-def end-infer ]
             [ finish-word current-effect ]
             bi
         ] with-scope
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/branches/branches.factor b/basis/stack-checker/branches/branches.factor
index d1417d035c..7b461d0028 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/branches/branches.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/branches/branches.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: fry vectors sequences assocs math accessors kernel
 combinators quotations namespaces stack-checker.state
 stack-checker.backend stack-checker.errors stack-checker.visitor
-;
+stack-checker.values stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.branches
 
 : balanced? ( pairs -- ? )
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors-docs.factor b/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors-docs.factor
index f4d7c80e13..d4a074031d 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors-docs.factor
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ ARTICLE: "inference-errors" "Inference warnings and errors"
 { $subsection inconsistent-recursive-call-error }
 "Retain stack usage errors:"
 { $subsection too-many->r }
-{ $subsection too-many-r> }
-"See " { $link "shuffle-words" } " for retain stack usage conventions. This error can only occur if your code calls " { $link >r } " and " { $link r> } " directly. The " { $link dip } " combinator is safer to use because there is no way to leave the retain stack in an unbalanced state." ;
+{ $subsection too-many-r> } ;
 
 ABOUT: "inference-errors"
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors.factor b/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors.factor
index bab6c17c85..5b6b3c0893 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/errors/errors.factor
@@ -2,20 +2,19 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel generic sequences prettyprint io words arrays
 summary effects debugger assocs accessors namespaces
-compiler.errors ;
+compiler.errors stack-checker.values
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.errors
 
-SYMBOL: recursive-state
-
-TUPLE: inference-error error type rstate ;
+TUPLE: inference-error error type word ;
 
 M: inference-error compiler-error-type type>> ;
 
 M: inference-error error-help error>> error-help ;
 
 : (inference-error) ( ... class type -- * )
-    >r boa r>
-    recursive-state get
+    [ boa ] dip
+    recursive-state get word>>
     \ inference-error boa throw ; inline
 
 : inference-error ( ... class -- * )
@@ -25,16 +24,15 @@ M: inference-error error-help error>> error-help ;
     +warning+ (inference-error) ; inline
 
 M: inference-error error.
-    [
-        rstate>>
-        [ "Nesting:" print stack. ] unless-empty
-    ] [ error>> error. ] bi ;
+    [ word>> [ "In word: " write . ] when* ] [ error>> error. ] bi ;
 
 TUPLE: literal-expected ;
 
 M: literal-expected summary
     drop "Literal value expected" ;
 
+M: object (literal) \ literal-expected inference-warning ;
+
 TUPLE: unbalanced-branches-error branches quots ;
 
 : unbalanced-branches-error ( branches quots -- * )
@@ -110,3 +108,9 @@ M: inconsistent-recursive-call-error error.
     "The recursive word " write
     word>> pprint
     " calls itself with a different set of quotation parameters than were input" print ;
+
+TUPLE: unknown-primitive-error ;
+
+M: unknown-primitive-error error.
+    drop
+    "Cannot determine stack effect statically" print ;
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/inlining/inlining.factor b/basis/stack-checker/inlining/inlining.factor
index 7847fdfdcf..df0145b73e 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/inlining/inlining.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/inlining/inlining.factor
@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: fry namespaces assocs kernel sequences words accessors
 definitions math math.order effects classes arrays combinators
-vectors arrays
+vectors arrays hints
 stack-checker.state
+stack-checker.errors
+stack-checker.values
 stack-checker.visitor
 stack-checker.backend
 stack-checker.branches
-stack-checker.errors
-stack-checker.known-words ;
+stack-checker.known-words
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.inlining
 
 ! Code to handle inline words. Much of the complexity stems from
 ! having to handle recursive inline words.
 
-: (inline-word) ( word label -- )
-    [ [ def>> ] keep ] dip infer-quot-recursive ;
+: infer-inline-word-def ( word label -- )
+    [ drop specialized-def ] [ add-inline-word ] 2bi infer-quot ;
 
 TUPLE: inline-recursive < identity-tuple
 id
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ SYMBOL: enter-out
         nest-visitor
 
         dup <inline-recursive>
-        [ dup emit-enter-recursive (inline-word) ]
+        [ dup emit-enter-recursive infer-inline-word-def ]
         [ end-recursive-word ]
         [ nip ]
         2tri
@@ -133,20 +135,23 @@ SYMBOL: enter-out
     object <repetition> '[ _ prepend ] bi@
     <effect> ;
 
-: call-recursive-inline-word ( word -- )
-    dup "recursive" word-prop [
-        [ required-stack-effect adjust-stack-effect ] [ ] [ recursive-label ] tri
-        [ 2nip check-call ] [ nip '[ _ #call-recursive, ] consume/produce ] 3bi
-    ] [ undeclared-recursion-error inference-error ] if ;
+: call-recursive-inline-word ( word label -- )
+    over "recursive" word-prop [
+        [ required-stack-effect adjust-stack-effect ] dip
+        [ check-call ] [ '[ _ #call-recursive, ] consume/produce ] bi
+    ] [ drop undeclared-recursion-error inference-error ] if ;
 
 : inline-word ( word -- )
     [ inlined-dependency depends-on ]
     [
-        {
-            { [ dup inline-recursive-label ] [ call-recursive-inline-word ] }
-            { [ dup "recursive" word-prop ] [ inline-recursive-word ] }
-            [ dup (inline-word) ]
-        } cond
+        dup inline-recursive-label [
+            call-recursive-inline-word
+        ] [
+            dup "recursive" word-prop
+            [ inline-recursive-word ]
+            [ dup infer-inline-word-def ]
+            if
+        ] if*
     ] bi ;
 
 M: word apply-object
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/known-words/known-words.factor b/basis/stack-checker/known-words/known-words.factor
index c40b94fd3c..12eb637964 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/known-words/known-words.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/known-words/known-words.factor
@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@ sequences sequences.private slots.private strings
 strings.private system threads.private classes.tuple
 classes.tuple.private vectors vectors.private words definitions
 words.private assocs summary compiler.units system.private
-combinators locals.backend words.private quotations.private
+combinators locals locals.backend locals.private words.private
+quotations.private stack-checker.values
+stack-checker.alien
 stack-checker.state
+stack-checker.errors
+stack-checker.visitor
 stack-checker.backend
 stack-checker.branches
-stack-checker.errors
 stack-checker.transforms
-stack-checker.visitor
-stack-checker.alien ;
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.known-words
 
 : infer-primitive ( word -- )
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ IN: stack-checker.known-words
 : infer-shuffle ( shuffle -- )
     [ in>> length consume-d ] keep ! inputs shuffle
     [ drop ] [ shuffle dup copy-values dup output-d ] 2bi ! inputs outputs copies
-    [ nip ] [ swap zip ] 2bi ! inputs copies mapping
+    [ nip f f ] [ swap zip ] 2bi ! in-d out-d in-r out-r mapping
     #shuffle, ;
 
 : infer-shuffle-word ( word -- )
@@ -85,6 +87,15 @@ M: composed infer-call*
 M: object infer-call*
     \ literal-expected inference-warning ;
 
+: infer-slip ( -- )
+    1 infer->r pop-d infer-call 1 infer-r> ;
+
+: infer-2slip ( -- )
+    2 infer->r pop-d infer-call 2 infer-r> ;
+
+: infer-3slip ( -- )
+    3 infer->r pop-d infer-call 3 infer-r> ;
+
 : infer-curry ( -- )
     2 consume-d
     dup first2 <curried> make-known
@@ -123,21 +134,23 @@ M: object infer-call*
 
 : infer-load-locals ( -- )
     pop-literal nip
-    [ dup reverse <effect> infer-shuffle ]
-    [ infer->r ]
-    bi ;
+    consume-d dup copy-values dup output-r
+    [ [ f f ] dip ] [ swap zip ] 2bi #shuffle, ;
 
 : infer-get-local ( -- )
-    pop-literal nip
-    [ infer-r> ]
-    [ dup 0 prefix <effect> infer-shuffle ]
-    [ infer->r ]
-    tri ;
+    [let* | n [ pop-literal nip 1 swap - ]
+            in-r [ n consume-r ]
+            out-d [ in-r first copy-value 1array ]
+            out-r [ in-r copy-values ] |
+         out-d output-d
+         out-r output-r
+         f out-d in-r out-r
+         out-r in-r zip out-d first in-r first 2array suffix
+         #shuffle,
+    ] ;
 
 : infer-drop-locals ( -- )
-    pop-literal nip
-    [ infer-r> ]
-    [ { } <effect> infer-shuffle ] bi ;
+    f f pop-literal nip consume-r f f #shuffle, ;
 
 : infer-special ( word -- )
     {
@@ -146,6 +159,9 @@ M: object infer-call*
         { \ declare [ infer-declare ] }
         { \ call [ pop-d infer-call ] }
         { \ (call) [ pop-d infer-call ] }
+        { \ slip [ infer-slip ] }
+        { \ 2slip [ infer-2slip ] }
+        { \ 3slip [ infer-3slip ] }
         { \ curry [ infer-curry ] }
         { \ compose [ infer-compose ] }
         { \ execute [ infer-execute ] }
@@ -158,16 +174,26 @@ M: object infer-call*
         { \ load-locals [ infer-load-locals ] }
         { \ get-local [ infer-get-local ] }
         { \ drop-locals [ infer-drop-locals ] }
-        { \ do-primitive [ \ do-primitive cannot-infer-effect ] }
+        { \ do-primitive [ unknown-primitive-error inference-warning ] }
         { \ alien-invoke [ infer-alien-invoke ] }
         { \ alien-indirect [ infer-alien-indirect ] }
         { \ alien-callback [ infer-alien-callback ] }
     } case ;
 
+: infer-local-reader ( word -- )
+    (( -- value )) apply-word/effect ;
+
+: infer-local-writer ( word -- )
+    (( value -- )) apply-word/effect ;
+
+: infer-local-word ( word -- )
+    "local-word-def" word-prop infer-quot-here ;
+
 {
-    >r r> declare call (call) curry compose execute (execute) if
-dispatch <tuple-boa> (throw) load-locals get-local drop-locals
-do-primitive alien-invoke alien-indirect alien-callback
+    >r r> declare call (call) slip 2slip 3slip curry compose
+    execute (execute) if dispatch <tuple-boa> (throw)
+    load-locals get-local drop-locals do-primitive alien-invoke
+    alien-indirect alien-callback
 } [ t "special" set-word-prop ] each
 
 { call execute dispatch load-locals get-local drop-locals }
@@ -183,7 +209,11 @@ do-primitive alien-invoke alien-indirect alien-callback
         { [ dup "macro" word-prop ] [ apply-macro ] }
         { [ dup "cannot-infer" word-prop ] [ cannot-infer-effect ] }
         { [ dup "inferred-effect" word-prop ] [ cached-infer ] }
-        { [ dup recursive-label ] [ call-recursive-word ] }
+        { [ dup local? ] [ infer-local-reader ] }
+        { [ dup local-reader? ] [ infer-local-reader ] }
+        { [ dup local-writer? ] [ infer-local-writer ] }
+        { [ dup local-word? ] [ infer-local-word ] }
+        { [ dup recursive-word? ] [ call-recursive-word ] }
         [ dup infer-word apply-word/effect ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -251,6 +281,8 @@ do-primitive alien-invoke alien-indirect alien-callback
 \ <complex> { real real } { complex } define-primitive
 \ <complex> make-foldable
 
+\ both-fixnums? { object object } { object object object } define-primitive
+
 \ fixnum+ { fixnum fixnum } { integer } define-primitive
 \ fixnum+ make-foldable
 
@@ -410,8 +442,8 @@ do-primitive alien-invoke alien-indirect alien-callback
 \ code-room { } { integer integer integer integer } define-primitive
 \ code-room  make-flushable
 
-\ millis { } { integer } define-primitive
-\ millis make-flushable
+\ micros { } { integer } define-primitive
+\ micros make-flushable
 
 \ tag { object } { fixnum } define-primitive
 \ tag make-foldable
@@ -588,3 +620,9 @@ do-primitive alien-invoke alien-indirect alien-callback
 \ modify-code-heap { array object } { } define-primitive
 
 \ unimplemented { } { } define-primitive
+
+\ gc-reset { } { } define-primitive
+
+\ gc-stats { } { array } define-primitive
+
+\ jit-compile { quotation } { } define-primitive
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/recursive-state.factor b/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/recursive-state.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9abfb1fcd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/recursive-state.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors arrays sequences kernel sequences assocs
+namespaces stack-checker.recursive-state.tree ;
+IN: stack-checker.recursive-state
+
+TUPLE: recursive-state word words quotations inline-words ;
+
+: prepare-recursive-state ( word rstate -- rstate )
+    swap >>word
+    f >>quotations
+    f >>inline-words ; inline
+
+: initial-recursive-state ( word -- state )
+    recursive-state new
+        f >>words
+        prepare-recursive-state ; inline
+
+f initial-recursive-state recursive-state set-global
+
+: add-recursive-state ( word -- rstate )
+    recursive-state get clone
+        [ word>> dup ] keep [ store ] change-words
+        prepare-recursive-state ;
+
+: add-local-quotation ( recursive-state quot -- rstate )
+    swap clone [ dupd store ] change-quotations ;
+
+: add-inline-word ( word label -- rstate )
+    swap recursive-state get clone
+    [ store ] change-inline-words ;
+
+: recursive-word? ( word -- ? )
+    recursive-state get 2dup word>> eq?
+    [ 2drop t ] [ words>> lookup ] if ;
+
+: inline-recursive-label ( word -- label/f )
+    recursive-state get inline-words>> lookup ;
+
+: recursive-quotation? ( quot -- ? )
+    recursive-state get quotations>> lookup ;
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/tree/tree.factor b/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/tree/tree.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd392af7c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/recursive-state/tree/tree.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors kernel sequences math math.order ;
+IN: stack-checker.recursive-state.tree
+
+! Persistent unbalanced hash tree using eq? comparison.
+! We use this to speed up stack-checker.recursive-state.
+! Perhaps this should go somewhere else
+
+TUPLE: node value key hashcode left right ;
+
+GENERIC: lookup ( key node -- value/f )
+
+M: f lookup nip ;
+
+: decide ( key node -- key node ? )
+    over hashcode over hashcode>> <= ; inline
+
+M: node lookup
+    2dup key>> eq?
+    [ nip value>> ]
+    [ decide [ left>> ] [ right>> ] if lookup ] if ;
+
+GENERIC: store ( value key node -- node' )
+
+M: f store drop dup hashcode f f node boa ;
+
+M: node store
+    clone decide
+    [ [ store ] change-left ]
+    [ [ store ] change-right ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-docs.factor b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-docs.factor
index a9df463703..f208178b10 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-docs.factor
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ARTICLE: "inference-combinators" "Combinator stack effects"
 "Consider a combinator such as " { $link keep } ". The combinator itself does not have a stack effect, because it applies " { $link call } " to a potentially arbitrary quotation. However, since the combinator is declared " { $link POSTPONE: inline } ", a given usage of it can have a stack effect:"
 { $example "[ [ 2 + ] keep ] infer." "( object -- object object )" }
 "Another example is the " { $link compose } " combinator. Because it is decared " { $link POSTPONE: inline } ", we can infer the stack effect of applying " { $link call } " to the result of " { $link compose } ":"
-{ $example "[ 2 [ + ] curry [ sq ] compose ] infer." "( -- object object )" }
+{ $example "[ 2 [ + ] curry [ sq ] compose ] infer." "( -- object )" }
 "Incidentally, this example demonstrates that the stack effect of nested currying and composition can also be inferred."
 $nl
 "A general rule of thumb is that any word which applies " { $link call } " or " { $link curry } " to one of its inputs must be declared " { $link POSTPONE: inline } "."
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-tests.factor b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-tests.factor
index 9bf8ed62f0..defcde53f0 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker-tests.factor
@@ -580,3 +580,5 @@ DEFER: eee'
     dup "A" throw [ bogus-error ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
 [ bogus-error ] must-infer
+
+[ [ clear ] infer. ] [ inference-error? ] must-fail-with
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker.factor b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker.factor
index c990a51cc1..ff283ce9ca 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/stack-checker.factor
@@ -24,4 +24,7 @@ M: callable infer ( quot -- effect )
 
 : forget-effects ( -- )
     forget-errors
-    all-words [ f "inferred-effect" set-word-prop ] each ;
+    all-words [
+        dup subwords [ f "inferred-effect" set-word-prop ] each
+        f "inferred-effect" set-word-prop
+    ] each ;
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/state/state.factor b/basis/stack-checker/state/state.factor
index 11dc6f9ef8..2706ec60ef 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/state/state.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/state/state.factor
@@ -1,48 +1,10 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: assocs namespaces sequences kernel definitions math
-effects accessors words fry classes.algebra stack-checker.errors
+USING: assocs arrays namespaces sequences kernel definitions
+math effects accessors words fry classes.algebra
 compiler.units ;
 IN: stack-checker.state
 
-: <value> ( -- value ) \ <value> counter ;
-
-SYMBOL: known-values
-
-: known ( value -- known ) known-values get at ;
-
-: set-known ( known value -- )
-    over [ known-values get set-at ] [ 2drop ] if ;
-
-: make-known ( known -- value )
-    <value> [ set-known ] keep ;
-
-: copy-value ( value -- value' )
-    known make-known ;
-
-: copy-values ( values -- values' )
-    [ copy-value ] map ;
-
-! Literal value
-TUPLE: literal < identity-tuple value recursion ;
-
-: <literal> ( obj -- value )
-    recursive-state get \ literal boa ;
-
-: literal ( value -- literal )
-    known dup literal?
-    [  \ literal-expected inference-warning ] unless ;
-
-! Result of curry
-TUPLE: curried obj quot ;
-
-C: <curried> curried
-
-! Result of compose
-TUPLE: composed quot1 quot2 ;
-
-C: <composed> composed
-
 ! Did the current control-flow path throw an error?
 SYMBOL: terminated?
 
@@ -68,23 +30,6 @@ SYMBOL: meta-r
     V{ } clone meta-r set
     0 d-in set ;
 
-: init-known-values ( -- )
-    H{ } clone known-values set ;
-
-: recursive-label ( word -- label/f )
-    recursive-state get at ;
-
-: local-recursive-state ( -- assoc )
-    recursive-state get dup
-    [ first dup word? [ inline? ] when not ] find drop
-    [ head-slice ] when* ;
-
-: inline-recursive-label ( word -- label/f )
-    local-recursive-state at ;
-
-: recursive-quotation? ( quot -- ? )
-    local-recursive-state [ first eq? ] with contains? ;
-
 ! Words that the current quotation depends on
 SYMBOL: dependencies
 
@@ -98,9 +43,12 @@ SYMBOL: dependencies
 ! Generic words that the current quotation depends on
 SYMBOL: generic-dependencies
 
+: ?class-or ( class/f class -- class' )
+    swap [ class-or ] when* ;
+
 : depends-on-generic ( generic class -- )
     generic-dependencies get dup
-    [ swap '[ null or _ class-or ] change-at ] [ 3drop ] if ;
+    [ swap '[ _ ?class-or ] change-at ] [ 3drop ] if ;
 
 ! Words we've inferred the stack effect of, for rollback
 SYMBOL: recorded
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/transforms/transforms.factor b/basis/stack-checker/transforms/transforms.factor
index abc3ae1950..7eec29f94b 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/transforms/transforms.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/transforms/transforms.factor
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ namespaces make quotations assocs combinators classes.tuple
 classes.tuple.private effects summary hashtables classes generic
 sets definitions generic.standard slots.private continuations
 stack-checker.backend stack-checker.state stack-checker.visitor
-stack-checker.errors ;
+stack-checker.errors stack-checker.values
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
 IN: stack-checker.transforms
 
 : give-up-transform ( word -- )
-    dup recursive-label
+    dup recursive-word?
     [ call-recursive-word ]
     [ dup infer-word apply-word/effect ]
     if ;
@@ -89,8 +90,15 @@ IN: stack-checker.transforms
 \ spread [ spread>quot ] 1 define-transform
 
 \ (call-next-method) [
-    [ [ inlined-dependency depends-on ] bi@ ] [ next-method-quot ] 2bi
-] 2 define-transform
+    [
+        [ "method-class" word-prop ]
+        [ "method-generic" word-prop ] bi
+        [ inlined-dependency depends-on ] bi@
+    ] [
+        [ next-method-quot ]
+        [ '[ _ no-next-method ] ] bi or
+    ] bi
+] 1 define-transform
 
 ! Constructors
 \ boa [
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/values/values.factor b/basis/stack-checker/values/values.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97aa774e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/values/values.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors namespaces kernel assocs sequences
+stack-checker.recursive-state ;
+IN: stack-checker.values
+
+! Values
+: <value> ( -- value ) \ <value> counter ;
+
+SYMBOL: known-values
+
+: init-known-values ( -- )
+    H{ } clone known-values set ;
+
+: known ( value -- known ) known-values get at ;
+
+: set-known ( known value -- )
+    over [ known-values get set-at ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+
+: make-known ( known -- value )
+    <value> [ set-known ] keep ;
+
+: copy-value ( value -- value' )
+    known make-known ;
+
+: copy-values ( values -- values' )
+    [ copy-value ] map ;
+
+! Literal value
+TUPLE: literal < identity-tuple value recursion hashcode ;
+
+M: literal hashcode* nip hashcode>> ;
+
+: <literal> ( obj -- value )
+    recursive-state get over hashcode \ literal boa ;
+
+GENERIC: (literal) ( value -- literal )
+
+M: literal (literal) ;
+
+: literal ( value -- literal )
+    known (literal) ;
+
+! Result of curry
+TUPLE: curried obj quot ;
+
+C: <curried> curried
+
+! Result of compose
+TUPLE: composed quot1 quot2 ;
+
+C: <composed> composed
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/visitor/dummy/dummy.factor b/basis/stack-checker/visitor/dummy/dummy.factor
index a24d8e226d..5f05d97d1a 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/visitor/dummy/dummy.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/visitor/dummy/dummy.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ M: f #introduce, drop ;
 M: f #call, 3drop ;
 M: f #call-recursive, 3drop ;
 M: f #push, 2drop ;
-M: f #shuffle, 3drop ;
+M: f #shuffle, 2drop 2drop drop ;
 M: f #>r, 2drop ;
 M: f #r>, 2drop ;
 M: f #return, drop ;
diff --git a/basis/stack-checker/visitor/visitor.factor b/basis/stack-checker/visitor/visitor.factor
index 7d8ec90453..6093cd008a 100644
--- a/basis/stack-checker/visitor/visitor.factor
+++ b/basis/stack-checker/visitor/visitor.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ HOOK: #introduce, stack-visitor ( values -- )
 HOOK: #call, stack-visitor ( inputs outputs word -- )
 HOOK: #call-recursive, stack-visitor ( inputs outputs word -- )
 HOOK: #push, stack-visitor ( literal value -- )
-HOOK: #shuffle, stack-visitor ( inputs outputs mapping -- )
+HOOK: #shuffle, stack-visitor ( in-d out-d in-r out-r mapping -- )
 HOOK: #drop, stack-visitor ( values -- )
 HOOK: #>r, stack-visitor ( inputs outputs -- )
 HOOK: #r>, stack-visitor ( inputs outputs -- )
diff --git a/basis/struct-arrays/authors.txt b/basis/struct-arrays/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/struct-arrays/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-docs.factor b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a198e723c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+IN: struct-arrays
+USING: help.markup help.syntax alien strings math ;
+
+HELP: struct-array
+{ $class-description "The class of C struct and union arrays."
+$nl
+"The " { $slot "underlying" } " slot holds a " { $link c-ptr } " with the raw data. This pointer can be passed to C functions." } ;
+
+HELP: <struct-array>
+{ $values { "length" integer } { "c-type" string } }
+{ $description "Creates a new array for holding values of the specified C type." } ;
+
+HELP: <direct-struct-array>
+{ $values { "alien" c-ptr } { "length" integer } { "c-type" string } }
+{ $description "Creates a new array for holding values of the specified C type, backed by the memory at " { $snippet "alien" } "." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "struct-arrays" "C struct and union arrays"
+"The " { $vocab-link "struct-arrays" } " vocabulary implements arrays specialized for holding C struct and union values."
+{ $subsection struct-array }
+{ $subsection <struct-array> }
+{ $subsection <direct-struct-array> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "struct-arrays"
diff --git a/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-tests.factor b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-tests.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d2bf583b5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+IN: struct-arrays.tests
+USING: struct-arrays tools.test kernel math sequences
+alien.syntax alien.c-types destructors libc accessors ;
+
+C-STRUCT: test-struct
+{ "int" "x" }
+{ "int" "y" } ;
+
+: make-point ( x y -- struct )
+    "test-struct" <c-object>
+    [ set-test-struct-y ] keep
+    [ set-test-struct-x ] keep ;
+
+[ 5/4 ] [
+    2 "test-struct" <struct-array>
+    1 2 make-point over set-first
+    3 4 make-point over set-second
+    0 [ [ test-struct-x ] [ test-struct-y ] bi / + ] reduce
+] unit-test
+
+[ 5/4 ] [
+    [
+        2 "test-struct" malloc-struct-array
+        dup underlying>> &free drop
+        1 2 make-point over set-first
+        3 4 make-point over set-second
+        0 [ [ test-struct-x ] [ test-struct-y ] bi / + ] reduce
+    ] with-destructors
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays.factor b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..33a469d0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/struct-arrays/struct-arrays.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors alien alien.c-types byte-arrays kernel libc
+math sequences sequences.private ;
+IN: struct-arrays
+
+TUPLE: struct-array
+{ underlying c-ptr read-only }
+{ length array-capacity read-only }
+{ element-size array-capacity read-only } ;
+
+M: struct-array length length>> ;
+
+M: struct-array nth-unsafe
+    [ element-size>> * ] [ underlying>> ] bi <displaced-alien> ;
+
+M: struct-array set-nth-unsafe
+    [ nth-unsafe swap ] [ element-size>> ] bi memcpy ;
+
+M: struct-array new-sequence
+    element-size>> [ * <byte-array> ] 2keep struct-array boa ; inline
+
+: <struct-array> ( length c-type -- struct-array )
+    heap-size [ * <byte-array> ] 2keep struct-array boa ; inline
+
+ERROR: bad-byte-array-length byte-array ;
+
+: byte-array>struct-array ( byte-array c-type -- struct-array )
+    heap-size [
+        [ dup length ] dip /mod 0 =
+        [ drop bad-byte-array-length ] unless
+    ] keep struct-array boa ; inline
+
+: <direct-struct-array> ( alien length c-type -- struct-array )
+    struct-array boa ; inline
+
+: malloc-struct-array ( length c-type -- struct-array )
+    heap-size [ calloc ] 2keep <direct-struct-array> ;
+
+INSTANCE: struct-array sequence
diff --git a/basis/struct-arrays/summary.txt b/basis/struct-arrays/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0458b5a806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/struct-arrays/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Arrays of C structs and unions
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/tags.txt b/basis/struct-arrays/tags.txt
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/tags.txt
rename to basis/struct-arrays/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/authors.txt b/basis/suffix-arrays/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/authors.txt
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-docs.factor b/basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-docs.factor
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-tests.factor b/basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-tests.factor
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor b/basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor
similarity index 99%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor
index b181ba9d60..fa68cc0a8e 100755
--- a/extra/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor
+++ b/basis/suffix-arrays/suffix-arrays.factor
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ math.vectors math.order sorting binary-search sets assocs fry ;
 IN: suffix-arrays
 
 <PRIVATE
+
 : suffixes ( string -- suffixes-seq )
     dup length [ tail-slice ] with map ;
 
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/summary.txt b/basis/suffix-arrays/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/summary.txt
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/summary.txt
diff --git a/basis/suffix-arrays/tags.txt b/basis/suffix-arrays/tags.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..42d711b32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/suffix-arrays/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+collections
diff --git a/extra/suffix-arrays/words/words.factor b/basis/suffix-arrays/words/words.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/suffix-arrays/words/words.factor
rename to basis/suffix-arrays/words/words.factor
diff --git a/basis/syndication/syndication.factor b/basis/syndication/syndication.factor
index aca09b939c..a6eaff4492 100644
--- a/basis/syndication/syndication.factor
+++ b/basis/syndication/syndication.factor
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ TUPLE: entry title url description date ;
         [
             { "content" "summary" } any-tag-named
             dup children>> [ string? not ] contains?
-            [ children>> [ write-chunk ] with-string-writer ]
+            [ children>> [ write-xml-chunk ] with-string-writer ]
             [ children>string ] if >>description
         ]
         [
diff --git a/basis/threads/threads-docs.factor b/basis/threads/threads-docs.factor
index 3c4715d3e3..cc2216545d 100644
--- a/basis/threads/threads-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/threads/threads-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel kernel.private io
-threads.private continuations dlists init quotations strings
+threads.private continuations init quotations strings
 assocs heaps boxes namespaces deques ;
 IN: threads
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ $nl
 { $notes "In most cases, user code should call " { $link spawn } " instead, however for control over the error handler quotation, threads can be created with " { $link <thread> } " then passed to " { $link (spawn) } "." } ;
 
 HELP: run-queue
-{ $values { "queue" dlist } }
+{ $values { "queue" deque } }
 { $var-description "Global variable holding the queue of runnable threads. Calls to " { $link yield } " switch to the thread which has been in the queue for the longest period of time."
 $nl
 "By convention, threads are queued with " { $link push-front } 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ HELP: sleep-queue
 { $var-description "A " { $link min-heap } " storing the queue of sleeping threads." } ;
 
 HELP: sleep-time
-{ $values { "ms/f" "a non-negative integer or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "us/f" "a non-negative integer or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Outputs the time until the next sleeping thread is scheduled to wake up, which could be zero if there are threads in the run queue, or threads which need to wake up right now. If there are no runnable or sleeping threads, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
 
 HELP: stop
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ HELP: interrupt
 { $description "Interrupts a sleeping thread." } ;
 
 HELP: suspend
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( thread -- )" } } { "state" string } { "obj" object } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( thread -- )" } } { "state" string } { "obj" object } }
 { $description "Suspends the current thread and passes it to the quotation."
 $nl
 "After the quotation returns, control yields to the next runnable thread and the current thread does not execute again until it is resumed, and so the quotation must arrange for another thread to later resume the suspended thread with a call to " { $link resume } " or " { $link resume-with } "."
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $nl
 } ;
 
 HELP: spawn-server
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- ? )" } } { "name" string } { "thread" thread } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( -- ? )" } } { "name" string } { "thread" thread } }
 { $description "Convenience wrapper around " { $link spawn } " which repeatedly calls the quotation in a new thread until it outputs " { $link f } "." }
 { $examples
     "A thread that runs forever:"
@@ -172,5 +172,5 @@ HELP: tset
 { $description "Sets the value of a thread-local variable." } ;
 
 HELP: tchange
-{ $values { "key" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( value -- newvalue )" } } }
+{ $values { "key" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( value -- newvalue )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the current value of a thread-local variable, storing the result back to the same variable." } ;
diff --git a/basis/threads/threads.factor b/basis/threads/threads.factor
index 8a4d433273..1e04ad88c2 100644
--- a/basis/threads/threads.factor
+++ b/basis/threads/threads.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 USING: arrays hashtables heaps kernel kernel.private math
 namespaces sequences vectors continuations continuations.private
 dlists assocs system combinators init boxes accessors
-math.order deques strings quotations ;
+math.order deques strings quotations fry ;
 IN: threads
 
 SYMBOL: initial-thread
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@ PRIVATE>
     f >>state
     check-registered 2array run-queue push-front ;
 
-: sleep-time ( -- ms/f )
+: sleep-time ( -- us/f )
     {
         { [ run-queue deque-empty? not ] [ 0 ] }
         { [ sleep-queue heap-empty? ] [ f ] }
-        [ sleep-queue heap-peek nip millis [-] ]
+        [ sleep-queue heap-peek nip micros [-] ]
     } cond ;
 
 DEFER: stop
@@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ DEFER: stop
 <PRIVATE
 
 : schedule-sleep ( thread dt -- )
-    >r check-registered dup r> sleep-queue heap-push*
+    [ check-registered dup ] dip sleep-queue heap-push*
     >>sleep-entry drop ;
 
 : expire-sleep? ( heap -- ? )
     dup heap-empty?
-    [ drop f ] [ heap-peek nip millis <= ] if ;
+    [ drop f ] [ heap-peek nip micros <= ] if ;
 
 : expire-sleep ( thread -- )
     f >>sleep-entry resume ;
@@ -164,10 +164,8 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : suspend ( quot state -- obj )
     [
-        >r
-        >r self swap call
-        r> self (>>state)
-        r> self continuation>> >box
+        [ [ self swap call ] dip self (>>state) ] dip
+        self continuation>> >box
         next
     ] callcc1 2nip ; inline
 
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 GENERIC: sleep-until ( time/f -- )
 
 M: integer sleep-until
-    [ schedule-sleep ] curry "sleep" suspend drop ;
+    '[ _ schedule-sleep ] "sleep" suspend drop ;
 
 M: f sleep-until
     drop [ drop ] "interrupt" suspend drop ;
@@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ M: f sleep-until
 GENERIC: sleep ( dt -- )
 
 M: real sleep
-    millis + >integer sleep-until ;
+    micros + >integer sleep-until ;
 
 : interrupt ( thread -- )
     dup state>> [
@@ -200,11 +198,11 @@ M: real sleep
     <thread> [ (spawn) ] keep ;
 
 : spawn-server ( quot name -- thread )
-    >r [ loop ] curry r> spawn ;
+    [ '[ _ loop ] ] dip spawn ;
 
 : in-thread ( quot -- )
-    >r datastack r>
-    [ >r set-datastack r> call ] 2curry
+    [ datastack ] dip
+    '[ _ set-datastack _ call ]
     "Thread" spawn drop ;
 
 GENERIC: error-in-thread ( error thread -- )
diff --git a/basis/tools/annotations/annotations-docs.factor b/basis/tools/annotations/annotations-docs.factor
index f0a3235e62..c61b4547a9 100644
--- a/basis/tools/annotations/annotations-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/annotations/annotations-docs.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ARTICLE: "tools.annotations" "Word annotations"
 ABOUT: "tools.annotations"
 
 HELP: annotate
-{ $values { "word" "a word" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( word def -- def )" } } }
+{ $values { "word" "a word" } { "quot" { $quotation "( word def -- def )" } } }
 { $description "Changes a word definition to the result of applying a quotation to the old definition." }
 { $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link watch } "." } ;
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ HELP: breakpoint
 { $description "Annotates a word definition to enter the single stepper when executed." } ;
 
 HELP: breakpoint-if
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect" { $snippet "( -- ? )" } } { "word" word } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( -- ? )" } } { "word" word } }
 { $description "Annotates a word definition to enter the single stepper if the quotation yields true." } ;
 
 HELP: annotate-methods
diff --git a/basis/tools/annotations/annotations.factor b/basis/tools/annotations/annotations.factor
index c836bfc2b6..9847b16bc2 100644
--- a/basis/tools/annotations/annotations.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/annotations/annotations.factor
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ M: word reset
     ] when
     [
         over dup def>> "unannotated-def" set-word-prop
-        >r dup def>> r> call define
+        [ dup def>> ] dip call define
     ] with-compilation-unit ; inline
 
 : word-inputs ( word -- seq )
     stack-effect [
-        >r datastack r> in>> length tail*
+        [ datastack ] dip in>> length tail*
     ] [
         datastack
     ] if* ;
@@ -41,34 +41,38 @@ M: word reset
     word-inputs stack.
     "\\--" print flush ;
 
+: word-outputs ( word -- seq )
+    stack-effect [
+        [ datastack ] dip out>> length tail*
+    ] [
+        datastack
+    ] if* ;
+
 : leaving ( str -- )
     "/-- Leaving: " write dup .
-    stack-effect [
-        >r datastack r> out>> length tail* stack.
-    ] [
-        .s
-    ] if* "\\--" print flush ;
+    word-outputs stack.
+     "\\--" print flush ;
 
-: (watch) ( word def -- def ) over '[ _ entering @ _ leaving ] ;
+: (watch) ( word def -- def )
+    over '[ _ entering @ _ leaving ] ;
 
 : watch ( word -- )
     dup [ (watch) ] annotate ;
 
-: (watch-vars) ( quot word vars -- newquot )
-    rot
+: (watch-vars) ( word vars quot -- newquot )
    '[
-        "--- Entering: "       write _ .
+        "--- Entering: " write _ .
         "--- Variable values:" print _ [ dup get ] H{ } map>assoc describe
         @
     ] ;
 
 : watch-vars ( word vars -- )
-    dupd [ (watch-vars) ] 2curry annotate ;
+    dupd '[ [ _ _ ] dip (watch-vars) ] annotate ;
 
 GENERIC# annotate-methods 1 ( word quot -- )
 
 M: generic annotate-methods
-    >r "methods" word-prop values r> [ annotate ] curry each ;
+    [ "methods" word-prop values ] dip [ annotate ] curry each ;
 
 M: word annotate-methods
     annotate ;
@@ -77,4 +81,4 @@ M: word annotate-methods
     [ add-breakpoint ] annotate-methods ;
 
 : breakpoint-if ( word quot -- )
-    [ [ [ break ] when ] rot 3append ] curry annotate-methods ;
+    '[ [ _ [ [ break ] when ] ] dip 3append ] annotate-methods ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/completion/completion.factor b/basis/tools/completion/completion.factor
index 4bb6d6142f..084b97970d 100644
--- a/basis/tools/completion/completion.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/completion/completion.factor
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ IN: tools.completion
     {
         { [ over zero? ] [ 2drop 10 ] }
         { [ 2dup length 1- number= ] [ 2drop 4 ] }
-        { [ 2dup >r 1- r> nth Letter? not ] [ 2drop 10 ] }
-        { [ 2dup >r 1+ r> nth Letter? not ] [ 2drop 4 ] }
+        { [ 2dup [ 1- ] dip nth Letter? not ] [ 2drop 10 ] }
+        { [ 2dup [ 1+ ] dip nth Letter? not ] [ 2drop 4 ] }
         [ 2drop 1 ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -67,12 +67,14 @@ IN: tools.completion
     over empty? [
         nip [ first ] map
     ] [
-        >r >lower r> [ completion ] with map
+        [ >lower ] dip [ completion ] with map
         rank-completions
     ] if ;
 
 : string-completions ( short strs -- seq )
-    [ dup ] { } map>assoc completions ;
+    dup zip completions ;
 
 : limited-completions ( short candidates -- seq )
-    completions dup length 1000 > [ drop f ] when ;
+    [ completions ] [ drop ] 2bi
+    2dup [ length 50 > ] [ empty? ] bi* and
+    [ 2drop f ] [ drop 50 short head ] if ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/crossref/crossref-docs.factor b/basis/tools/crossref/crossref-docs.factor
index 477ea01ef6..b7ec0d07a2 100644
--- a/basis/tools/crossref/crossref-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/crossref/crossref-docs.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax words definitions ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax words definitions prettyprint ;
 IN: tools.crossref
 
 ARTICLE: "tools.crossref" "Cross-referencing tools" 
 { $subsection usage. }
 { $subsection apropos }
-{ $see-also "definitions" "words" } ;
+{ $see-also "definitions" "words" see see-methods } ;
 
 ABOUT: "tools.crossref"
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/backend/backend.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/backend/backend.factor
index 9431cb2c19..18713c7b0c 100644
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/backend/backend.factor
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ DEFER: ?make-staging-image
 
 : staging-command-line ( profile -- flags )
     [
+        "-staging" ,
+
         dup empty? [
             "-i=" my-boot-image-name append ,
         ] [
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/config/config.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/config/config.factor
index c78e0a32ba..84bfab682b 100644
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/config/config.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/config/config.factor
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ SYMBOL: deploy-image
     parse-fresh [ first assoc-union ] unless-empty ;
 
 : set-deploy-config ( assoc vocab -- )
-    >r unparse-use string-lines r>
+    [ unparse-use string-lines ] dip
     dup deploy-config-path set-vocab-file-contents ;
 
 : set-deploy-flag ( value key vocab -- )
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/deploy-tests.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/deploy-tests.factor
index 226cf654b1..e3fd9b9a7c 100644
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/deploy-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/deploy-tests.factor
@@ -7,13 +7,12 @@ urls math.parser ;
 : shake-and-bake ( vocab -- )
     [ "test.image" temp-file delete-file ] ignore-errors
     "resource:" [
-        >r vm
-        "test.image" temp-file
-        r> dup deploy-config make-deploy-image
+        [ vm "test.image" temp-file ] dip
+        dup deploy-config make-deploy-image
     ] with-directory ;
 
 : small-enough? ( n -- ? )
-    >r "test.image" temp-file file-info size>> r> cell 4 / * <= ;
+    [ "test.image" temp-file file-info size>> ] [ cell 4 / * ] bi* <= ;
 
 [ ] [ "hello-world" shake-and-bake ] unit-test
 
@@ -40,9 +39,9 @@ urls math.parser ;
 
 [ t ] [ 1500000 small-enough? ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ "bunny" shake-and-bake ] unit-test
+! [ ] [ "bunny" shake-and-bake ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ 2500000 small-enough? ] unit-test
+! [ t ] [ 2500000 small-enough? ] unit-test
 
 : run-temp-image ( -- )
     vm
@@ -106,3 +105,8 @@ M: quit-responder call-responder*
     "tools.deploy.test.6" shake-and-bake
     run-temp-image
 ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [
+    "tools.deploy.test.7" shake-and-bake
+    run-temp-image
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/next-methods.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/next-methods.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bff407525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/next-methods.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: words ;
+IN: generic
+
+: next-method-quot ( method -- quot ) "next-method-quot" word-prop ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/shaker.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/shaker.factor
index a7332ea9ea..15fd2a37d7 100755
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/shaker.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/shaker.factor
@@ -5,16 +5,15 @@ namespaces make assocs kernel parser lexer strings.parser
 tools.deploy.config vocabs sequences words words.private memory
 kernel.private continuations io prettyprint vocabs.loader
 debugger system strings sets vectors quotations byte-arrays
-sorting compiler.units definitions ;
+sorting compiler.units definitions generic generic.standard ;
 QUALIFIED: bootstrap.stage2
 QUALIFIED: classes
 QUALIFIED: command-line
-QUALIFIED: compiler.errors.private
+QUALIFIED: compiler.errors
 QUALIFIED: continuations
 QUALIFIED: definitions
 QUALIFIED: init
 QUALIFIED: layouts
-QUALIFIED: listener
 QUALIFIED: prettyprint.config
 QUALIFIED: source-files
 QUALIFIED: vocabs
@@ -24,10 +23,8 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
 
 : strip-init-hooks ( -- )
     "Stripping startup hooks" show
-    "cpu.x86" init-hooks get delete-at
-    "command-line" init-hooks get delete-at
-    "libc" init-hooks get delete-at
-    "system" init-hooks get delete-at
+    { "cpu.x86" "command-line" "libc" "system" "environment" }
+    [ init-hooks get delete-at ] each
     deploy-threads? get [
         "threads" init-hooks get delete-at
     ] unless
@@ -95,20 +92,13 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
 
 : stripped-word-props ( -- seq )
     [
-        strip-dictionary? deploy-compiler? get and [
-            {
-                "combination"
-                "members"
-                "methods"
-            } %
-        ] when
-
         strip-dictionary? [
             {
                 "alias"
                 "boa-check"
                 "cannot-infer"
                 "coercer"
+                "combination"
                 "compiled-effect"
                 "compiled-generic-uses"
                 "compiled-uses"
@@ -119,6 +109,7 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
                 "default-method"
                 "default-output-classes"
                 "derived-from"
+                "ebnf-parser"
                 "engines"
                 "forgotten"
                 "identities"
@@ -138,7 +129,9 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
                 "local-writer?"
                 "local?"
                 "macro"
+                "members"
                 "memo-quot"
+                "methods"
                 "mixin"
                 "method-class"
                 "method-generic"
@@ -201,17 +194,13 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
 
 : stripped-globals ( -- seq )
     [
-        "callbacks" "alien.compiler" lookup ,
-
         "inspector-hook" "inspector" lookup ,
 
         {
-            bootstrap.stage2:bootstrap-time
             continuations:error
             continuations:error-continuation
             continuations:error-thread
             continuations:restarts
-            listener:error-hook
             init:init-hooks
             source-files:source-files
             input-stream
@@ -234,6 +223,10 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
             "tools"
             "io.launcher"
             "random"
+            "compiler"
+            "stack-checker"
+            "bootstrap"
+            "listener"
         } strip-vocab-globals %
 
         strip-dictionary? [
@@ -244,6 +237,7 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
             {
                 gensym
                 name>char-hook
+                classes:next-method-quot-cache
                 classes:class-and-cache
                 classes:class-not-cache
                 classes:class-or-cache
@@ -266,7 +260,7 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
                 layouts:tag-numbers
                 layouts:type-numbers
                 lexer-factory
-                listener:listener-hook
+                print-use-hook
                 root-cache
                 vocab-roots
                 vocabs:dictionary
@@ -276,8 +270,8 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
             } %
 
             { } { "math.partial-dispatch" } strip-vocab-globals %
-            
-            "peg-cache" "peg" lookup ,
+
+            { } { "peg" } strip-vocab-globals %
         ] when
 
         strip-prettyprint? [
@@ -291,7 +285,7 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
 
         strip-debugger? [
             {
-                compiler.errors.private:compiler-errors
+                compiler.errors:compiler-errors
                 continuations:thread-error-hook
             } %
         ] when
@@ -304,10 +298,7 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
             "ui-error-hook" "ui.gadgets.worlds" lookup ,
         ] when
 
-        "<value>" "stack-checker.state" lookup [ , ] when*
-
         "windows-messages" "windows.messages" lookup [ , ] when*
-
     ] { } make ;
 
 : strip-globals ( stripped-globals -- )
@@ -329,24 +320,34 @@ IN: tools.deploy.shaker
         ] with-compilation-unit
     ] unless ;
 
-: compress ( pred string -- )
+: compress ( pred post-process string -- )
     "Compressing " prepend show
-    instances
-    dup H{ } clone [ [ ] cache ] curry map
+    [ instances dup H{ } clone [ [ ] cache ] curry map ] dip call
     become ; inline
 
 : compress-byte-arrays ( -- )
-    [ byte-array? ] "byte arrays" compress ;
+    [ byte-array? ] [ ] "byte arrays" compress ;
+
+: remain-compiled ( old new -- old new )
+    #! Quotations which were formerly compiled must remain
+    #! compiled.
+    2dup [
+        2dup [ compiled>> ] [ compiled>> not ] bi* and
+        [ nip jit-compile ] [ 2drop ] if
+    ] 2each ;
 
 : compress-quotations ( -- )
-    [ quotation? ] "quotations" compress ;
+    [ quotation? ] [ remain-compiled ] "quotations" compress ;
 
 : compress-strings ( -- )
-    [ string? ] "strings" compress ;
+    [ string? ] [ ] "strings" compress ;
+
+: compress-wrappers ( -- )
+    [ wrapper? ] [ ] "wrappers" compress ;
 
 : finish-deploy ( final-image -- )
     "Finishing up" show
-    >r { } set-datastack r>
+    [ { } set-datastack ] dip
     { } set-retainstack
     V{ } set-namestack
     V{ } set-catchstack
@@ -368,22 +369,32 @@ SYMBOL: deploy-vocab
     t "quiet" set-global
     f output-stream set-global ;
 
+: compute-next-methods ( -- )
+    [ standard-generic? ] instances [
+        "methods" word-prop [
+            nip
+            dup next-method-quot "next-method-quot" set-word-prop
+        ] assoc-each
+    ] each
+    "resource:basis/tools/deploy/shaker/next-methods.factor" run-file ;
+
 : strip ( -- )
     init-stripper
     strip-libc
     strip-cocoa
     strip-debugger
+    compute-next-methods
     strip-init-hooks
     strip-c-io
     f 5 setenv ! we can't use the Factor debugger or Factor I/O anymore
     deploy-vocab get vocab-main set-boot-quot*
-    stripped-word-props >r
+    stripped-word-props
     stripped-globals strip-globals
-    r> strip-words
+    strip-words
     compress-byte-arrays
     compress-quotations
     compress-strings
-    H{ } clone classes:next-method-quot-cache set-global ;
+    compress-wrappers ;
 
 : (deploy) ( final-image vocab config -- )
     #! Does the actual work of a deployment in the slave
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/strip-debugger.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/strip-debugger.factor
index bdcc6c237e..db7eb63bbf 100644
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/strip-debugger.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/shaker/strip-debugger.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 USING: compiler.units words vocabs kernel threads.private ;
 IN: debugger
 
-: print-error ( error -- ) die drop ;
+: consume ( error -- )
+    #! We don't want DCE to drop the error before the die call!
+    drop ;
 
-: error. ( error -- ) die drop ;
+: print-error ( error -- ) die consume ;
+
+: error. ( error -- ) die consume ;
 
 "threads" vocab [
     [
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/test/1/1.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/test/1/1.factor
index 0ca85bca8c..63b382e2f6 100644
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/test/1/1.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/test/1/1.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 IN: tools.deploy.test.1
 USING: threads ;
 
-: deploy-test-1 ( -- ) 1000 sleep ;
+: deploy-test-1 ( -- ) 1000000 sleep ;
 
 MAIN: deploy-test-1
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/test/7/7.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/test/7/7.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a16e3c82c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/test/7/7.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel math namespaces ;
+IN: tools.deploy.test.7
+
+SYMBOL: my-var
+
+GENERIC: my-generic ( x -- b )
+
+M: integer my-generic sq ;
+
+M: fixnum my-generic call-next-method my-var get call ;
+
+: test-7 ( -- )
+    [ 1 + ] my-var set-global
+    12 my-generic 145 assert= ;
+
+MAIN: test-7
diff --git a/extra/boids/ui/deploy.factor b/basis/tools/deploy/test/7/deploy.factor
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 54%
rename from extra/boids/ui/deploy.factor
rename to basis/tools/deploy/test/7/deploy.factor
index 168c5d9ace..bc374f1088
--- a/extra/boids/ui/deploy.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/test/7/deploy.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 USING: tools.deploy.config ;
-V{
-    { deploy-ui? t }
-    { deploy-io 1 }
-    { deploy-reflection 1 }
-    { deploy-compiler? t }
-    { deploy-math? t }
+H{
+    { deploy-threads? t }
     { deploy-word-props? f }
-    { deploy-c-types? f }
+    { deploy-ui? f }
+    { deploy-io 2 }
+    { deploy-math? t }
     { "stop-after-last-window?" t }
-    { deploy-name "Boids" }
+    { deploy-compiler? t }
+    { deploy-unicode? f }
+    { deploy-c-types? f }
+    { deploy-reflection 1 }
+    { deploy-word-defs? f }
+    { deploy-name "tools.deploy.test.7" }
 }
diff --git a/basis/tools/deploy/windows/tags.txt b/basis/tools/deploy/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index b58a515ed8..660d511420
--- a/basis/tools/deploy/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/tools/deploy/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
 tools
diff --git a/extra/state-tables/authors.txt b/basis/tools/files/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/state-tables/authors.txt
rename to basis/tools/files/authors.txt
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/files-docs.factor b/basis/tools/files/files-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5c5b44c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/files-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string strings ;
+IN: tools.files
+
+HELP: directory.
+{ $values
+     { "path" "a pathname string" }
+}
+{ $description "Prints information about all files in a directory to the output stream in a cross-platform way similar to the Unix " { $snippet "ls" } " command." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "tools.files" "Files tools"
+"The " { $vocab-link "tools.files" } " vocabulary implements directory files and file-systems listing in a cross-platform way." $nl
+"Listing a directory:"
+{ $subsection directory. } ;
+
+ABOUT: "tools.files"
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/files-tests.factor b/basis/tools/files/files-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6aa68d8127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/files-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Your name.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: tools.test tools.files strings kernel ;
+IN: tools.files.tests
+
+\ directory. must-infer
+
+[ ] [ "" directory. ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/files.factor b/basis/tools/files/files.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..58c24ef6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/files.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors arrays combinators io io.files kernel
+math.parser sequences system vocabs.loader calendar ;
+IN: tools.files
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: ls-time ( timestamp -- string )
+    [ hour>> ] [ minute>> ] bi
+    [ number>string 2 CHAR: 0 pad-left ] bi@ ":" swap 3append ;
+
+: ls-timestamp ( timestamp -- string )
+    [ month>> month-abbreviation ]
+    [ day>> number>string 2 CHAR: \s pad-left ]
+    [
+        dup year>> dup now year>> =
+        [ drop ls-time ] [ nip number>string ] if
+        5 CHAR: \s pad-left
+    ] tri 3array " " join ;
+
+: read>string ( ? -- string ) "r" "-" ? ; inline
+
+: write>string ( ? -- string ) "w" "-" ? ; inline
+
+: execute>string ( ? -- string ) "x" "-" ? ; inline
+
+HOOK: (directory.) os ( path -- lines )
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: directory. ( path -- )
+    [ (directory.) ] with-directory-files [ print ] each ;
+
+{
+    { [ os unix? ] [ "tools.files.unix" ] }
+    { [ os windows? ] [ "tools.files.windows" ] }
+} cond require
diff --git a/extra/micros/windows/tags.txt b/basis/tools/files/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/micros/windows/tags.txt
rename to basis/tools/files/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/unix/authors.txt b/basis/tools/files/unix/authors.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/unix/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/extra/openal/macosx/tags.txt b/basis/tools/files/unix/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/macosx/tags.txt
rename to basis/tools/files/unix/tags.txt
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/unix/unix.factor b/basis/tools/files/unix/unix.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..184f371b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/unix/unix.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors combinators kernel system unicode.case
+io.unix.files tools.files generalizations strings
+arrays sequences io.files math.parser unix.groups unix.users
+tools.files.private unix.stat math ;
+IN: tools.files.unix
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: unix-execute>string ( str bools -- str' )
+    swap {
+        { { t t } [ >lower ] }
+        { { t f } [ >upper ] }
+        { { f t } [ drop "x" ] }
+        [ 2drop "-" ]
+    } case ;
+
+: permissions-string ( permissions -- str )
+    {
+        [ type>> file-type>ch 1string ]
+        [ user-read? read>string ]
+        [ user-write? write>string ]
+        [ [ uid? ] [ user-execute? ] bi 2array "s" unix-execute>string ]
+        [ group-read? read>string ]
+        [ group-write? write>string ]
+        [ [ gid? ] [ group-execute? ] bi 2array "s" unix-execute>string ]
+        [ other-read? read>string ]
+        [ other-write? write>string ]
+        [ [ sticky? ] [ other-execute? ] bi 2array "t" unix-execute>string ]
+    } cleave 10 narray concat ;
+
+: mode>symbol ( mode -- ch )
+    S_IFMT bitand
+    {
+        { [ dup S_IFDIR = ] [ drop "/" ] }
+        { [ dup S_IFIFO = ] [ drop "|" ] }
+        { [ dup any-execute? ] [ drop "*" ] }
+        { [ dup S_IFLNK = ] [ drop "@" ] }
+        { [ dup S_IFWHT = ] [ drop "%" ] }
+        { [ dup S_IFSOCK = ] [ drop "=" ] }
+        { [ t ] [ drop "" ] }
+    } cond ;
+
+M: unix (directory.) ( path -- lines )
+    [ [
+        [
+            dup file-info
+            {
+                [ permissions-string ]
+                [ nlink>> number>string 3 CHAR: \s pad-left ]
+                ! [ uid>> ]
+                ! [ gid>> ]
+                [ size>> number>string 15 CHAR: \s pad-left ]
+                [ modified>> ls-timestamp ]
+            } cleave 4 narray swap suffix " " join
+        ] map
+    ] with-group-cache ] with-user-cache ;
+
+PRIVATE>
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/windows/authors.txt b/basis/tools/files/windows/authors.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/windows/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/windows/tags.txt b/basis/tools/files/windows/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/windows/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/tools/files/windows/windows.factor b/basis/tools/files/windows/windows.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..76e6ea5590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/files/windows/windows.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors calendar.format combinators io.files
+kernel math.parser sequences splitting system tools.files
+generalizations tools.files.private ;
+IN: tools.files.windows
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: directory-or-size ( file-info -- str )
+    dup directory? [
+        drop "<DIR>" 20 CHAR: \s pad-right
+    ] [
+        size>> number>string 20 CHAR: \s pad-left
+    ] if ;
+
+M: windows (directory.) ( entries -- lines )
+    [
+        dup file-info {
+            [ modified>> timestamp>ymdhms ]
+            [ directory-or-size ]
+        } cleave 2 narray swap suffix " " join
+    ] map ;
+
+PRIVATE>
diff --git a/basis/tools/hexdump/authors.txt b/basis/tools/hexdump/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/hexdump/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/extra/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor
similarity index 62%
rename from extra/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor
rename to basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor
index 4278e92f0e..612195d997 100644
--- a/extra/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-docs.factor
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel sequences strings ;
-IN: hexdump
+USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel sequences byte-arrays
+strings ;
+IN: tools.hexdump
 
 HELP: hexdump.
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } }
+{ $values { "byte-array" byte-array } }
 { $description "Converts a sequence to its hexadecimal and ASCII representation sixteen characters at a time and writes it to standard out." } ;
 
 HELP: hexdump
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "str" string } }
+{ $values { "byte-array" byte-array } { "str" string } }
 { $description "Converts a sequence to its hexadecimal and ASCII representation sixteen characters at a time.  Lines are separated by a newline character." }
 { $see-also hexdump. } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "hexdump" "Hexdump"
-"The " { $vocab-link "hexdump" } " vocabulary provides a traditional hexdump view of a sequence." $nl
+ARTICLE: "tools.hexdump" "Hexdump"
+"The " { $vocab-link "tools.hexdump" } " vocabulary provides a traditional hexdump view of a sequence." $nl
 "Write hexdump to string:"
 { $subsection hexdump }
 "Write the hexdump to the output stream:"
 { $subsection hexdump. } ;
 
-ABOUT: "hexdump"
+ABOUT: "tools.hexdump"
diff --git a/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a8ed35510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+USING: tools.hexdump kernel sequences tools.test byte-arrays ;
+IN: tools.hexdump.tests
+
+[ t ] [ B{ } hexdump "Length: 0, 0h\n" = ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" >byte-array hexdump "Length: 26, 1ah\n00000000h: 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 abcdefghijklmnop\n00000010h: 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a                   qrstuvwxyz\n" = ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ 256 [ ] B{ } map-as hexdump "Length: 256, 100h\n00000000h: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f ................\n00000010h: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f ................\n00000020h: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f  !\"#$%&'()*+,-./\n00000030h: 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 0123456789:;<=>?\n00000040h: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\n00000050h: 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_\n00000060h: 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f `abcdefghijklmno\n00000070h: 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.\n00000080h: 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f ................\n00000090h: 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f ................\n000000a0h: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 aa ab ac ad ae af ................\n000000b0h: b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 ba bb bc bd be bf ................\n000000c0h: c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 ca cb cc cd ce cf ................\n000000d0h: d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 da db dc dd de df ................\n000000e0h: e0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 ea eb ec ed ee ef ................\n000000f0h: f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff ................\n" = ] unit-test
+
+
+[
+    "Length: 3, 3h\n00000000h: 01 02 03                                        ...\n" ] [ B{ 1 2 3 } hexdump ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/hexdump/hexdump.factor b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump.factor
similarity index 82%
rename from extra/hexdump/hexdump.factor
rename to basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump.factor
index ecbc2d6169..d16d6b2595 100644
--- a/extra/hexdump/hexdump.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/hexdump/hexdump.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays io io.streams.string kernel math math.parser
-namespaces sequences splitting grouping strings ascii ;
-IN: hexdump
+namespaces sequences splitting grouping strings ascii byte-arrays ;
+IN: tools.hexdump
 
 <PRIVATE
 
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ IN: hexdump
 
 PRIVATE>
 
-: hexdump. ( seq -- )
+GENERIC: hexdump. ( byte-array -- )
+
+M: byte-array hexdump.
     [ length write-header ]
     [ 16 <sliced-groups> [ write-hex-line ] each-index ] bi ;
 
-: hexdump ( seq -- str )
+: hexdump ( byte-array -- str )
     [ hexdump. ] with-string-writer ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/hexdump/summary.txt b/basis/tools/hexdump/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e63da3512a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/tools/hexdump/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Prints the formatted hex dump of a byte-array
diff --git a/basis/tools/memory/memory.factor b/basis/tools/memory/memory.factor
index f61694da78..70f9a10a51 100644
--- a/basis/tools/memory/memory.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/memory/memory.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: kernel sequences vectors arrays generic assocs io math
 namespaces parser prettyprint strings io.styles vectors words
 system sorting splitting grouping math.parser classes memory
-combinators ;
+combinators fry ;
 IN: tools.memory
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -51,9 +51,10 @@ IN: tools.memory
         [ "Largest free block:" write-labelled-size ]
     } spread ;
 
-: heap-stat-step ( counts sizes obj -- )
-    [ dup size swap class rot at+ ] keep
-    1 swap class rot at+ ;
+: heap-stat-step ( obj counts sizes -- )
+    [ over ] dip
+    [ [ [ drop 1 ] [ class ] bi ] dip at+ ]
+    [ [ [ size ] [ class ] bi ] dip at+ ] 2bi* ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : heap-stats ( -- counts sizes )
     H{ } clone H{ } clone
-    [ >r 2dup r> heap-stat-step ] each-object ;
+    2dup '[ _ _ heap-stat-step ] each-object ;
 
 : heap-stats. ( -- )
     heap-stats dup keys natural-sort standard-table-style [
diff --git a/basis/tools/profiler/profiler-tests.factor b/basis/tools/profiler/profiler-tests.factor
index 75ca5ede8c..197ace74d8 100644
--- a/basis/tools/profiler/profiler-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/profiler/profiler-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 IN: tools.profiler.tests
 USING: accessors tools.profiler tools.test kernel memory math
-threads alien tools.profiler.private sequences compiler.units ;
+threads alien tools.profiler.private sequences compiler.units
+words ;
 
 [ t ] [
     \ length counter>>
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ threads alien tools.profiler.private sequences compiler.units ;
 
 [ ] [ [ 10 [ gc ] times ] profile ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ [ 1000 sleep ] profile ] unit-test 
+[ ] [ [ 1000000 sleep ] profile ] unit-test 
 
 [ ] [ profile. ] unit-test
 
@@ -54,3 +55,7 @@ threads alien tools.profiler.private sequences compiler.units ;
 ] unit-test
 
 [ 666 ] [ \ recompile-while-profiling-test counter>> ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [ [ [ ] compile-call ] profile ] unit-test
+
+[ [ gensym execute ] profile ] [ T{ undefined } = ] must-fail-with
diff --git a/basis/tools/profiler/profiler.factor b/basis/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
index b7f7ae97a6..f21e8498eb 100644
--- a/basis/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ M: method-body (profile.)
 
 : counter. ( obj n -- )
     [
-        >r [ (profile.) ] with-cell r>
+        [ [ (profile.) ] with-cell ] dip
         [ number>string write ] with-cell
     ] with-row ;
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/scaffold/scaffold.factor b/basis/tools/scaffold/scaffold.factor
index 6659940b2b..d8822f51dc 100644
--- a/basis/tools/scaffold/scaffold.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/scaffold/scaffold.factor
@@ -17,23 +17,17 @@ ERROR: no-vocab vocab ;
 
 <PRIVATE
 
-: root? ( string -- ? ) vocab-roots get member?  ;
+: root? ( string -- ? ) vocab-roots get member? ;
 
-: length-changes? ( seq quot -- ? )
-    dupd call [ length ] bi@ = not ; inline
+: contains-dot? ( string -- ? ) ".." swap subseq? ;
+
+: contains-separator? ( string -- ? ) [ path-separator? ] contains? ;
 
 : check-vocab-name ( string -- string )
-    dup [ [ CHAR: . = ] trim ] length-changes?
-    [ vocab-name-contains-dot ] when
-
-    ".." over subseq? [ vocab-name-contains-dot ] when
-
-    dup [ path-separator? ] contains?
-    [ vocab-name-contains-separator ] when ;
+    dup contains-dot? [ vocab-name-contains-dot ] when
+    dup contains-separator? [ vocab-name-contains-separator ] when ;
 
 : check-root ( string -- string )
-    check-vocab-name
-    dup "resource:" head? [ "resource:" prepend ] unless
     dup root? [ not-a-vocab-root ] unless ;
 
 : directory-exists ( path -- )
@@ -148,7 +142,7 @@ ERROR: no-vocab vocab ;
             "{ $values" print
             [ "    " write ($values.) ]
             [ [ nl "    " write ($values.) ] unless-empty ] bi*
-            " }" write nl
+            nl "}" print
         ] if
     ] when* ;
 
@@ -263,3 +257,12 @@ SYMBOL: examples-flag
         [ example ] times
         "}" print
     ] with-variable ;
+
+: scaffold-rc ( path -- )
+    [ touch-file ] [ "Click to edit: " write <pathname> . ] bi ;
+
+: scaffold-factor-boot-rc ( -- )
+    home ".factor-boot-rc" append-path scaffold-rc ;
+
+: scaffold-factor-rc ( -- )
+    home ".factor-rc" append-path scaffold-rc ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/test/test-docs.factor b/basis/tools/test/test-docs.factor
index 02c0ad126d..f19ffb83a4 100644
--- a/basis/tools/test/test-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/test/test-docs.factor
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ HELP: must-fail
 { $notes "This word is used to test boundary conditions and fail-fast behavior." } ;
 
 HELP: must-fail-with
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation run with an empty stack" } { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( error -- ? )" } } }
+{ $values { "quot" "a quotation run with an empty stack" } { "pred" { $quotation "( error -- ? )" } } }
 { $description "Runs a quotation with an empty stack, expecting it to throw an error which must satisfy " { $snippet "pred" } ". If the quotation does not throw an error, or if the error does not match the predicate, the unit test fails." }
 { $notes "This word is used to test error handling code, ensuring that errors thrown by code contain the relevant debugging information." } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/test/test.factor b/basis/tools/test/test.factor
index 5c2bd8f4e3..080db86338 100644
--- a/basis/tools/test/test.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/test/test.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: accessors namespaces arrays prettyprint sequences kernel
 vectors quotations words parser assocs combinators continuations
 debugger io io.styles io.files vocabs vocabs.loader source-files
-compiler.units summary stack-checker effects tools.vocabs ;
+compiler.units summary stack-checker effects tools.vocabs fry ;
 IN: tools.test
 
 SYMBOL: failures
@@ -26,30 +26,28 @@ SYMBOL: this-test
     ] if ;
 
 : unit-test ( output input -- )
-    [ 2array ] 2keep [
-        { } swap with-datastack swap >array assert=
-    ] 2curry (unit-test) ;
+    [ 2array ] 2keep '[
+        _ { } _ with-datastack swap >array assert=
+    ] (unit-test) ;
 
 : short-effect ( effect -- pair )
     [ in>> length ] [ out>> length ] bi 2array ;
 
 : must-infer-as ( effect quot -- )
-    >r 1quotation r> [ infer short-effect ] curry unit-test ;
+    [ 1quotation ] dip '[ _ infer short-effect ] unit-test ;
 
 : must-infer ( word/quot -- )
     dup word? [ 1quotation ] when
-    [ infer drop ] curry [ ] swap unit-test ;
+    '[ _ infer drop ] [ ] swap unit-test ;
 
 : must-fail-with ( quot pred -- )
-    >r [ f ] compose r>
-    [ recover ] 2curry
-    [ t ] swap unit-test ;
+    [ '[ @ f ] ] dip '[ _ _ recover ] [ t ] swap unit-test ;
 
 : must-fail ( quot -- )
     [ drop t ] must-fail-with ;
 
 : (run-test) ( vocab -- )
-    dup vocab-source-loaded? [
+    dup vocab source-loaded?>> [
         vocab-tests [ run-file ] each
     ] [ drop ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/threads/threads.factor b/basis/tools/threads/threads.factor
index 1b75e46e25..fc4ba1f6b2 100644
--- a/basis/tools/threads/threads.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/threads/threads.factor
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ IN: tools.threads
     ] with-cell
     [
         sleep-entry>> [
-            key>> millis [-] number>string write
-            " ms" write
+            key>> micros [-] number>string write
+            " us" write
         ] when*
     ] with-cell ;
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/time/time-docs.factor b/basis/tools/time/time-docs.factor
index fe3d709f78..d8dba04486 100644
--- a/basis/tools/time/time-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/time/time-docs.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ARTICLE: "timing" "Timing code"
 "A lower-level word puts timings on the stack, intead of printing:"
 { $subsection benchmark }
 "You can also read the system clock and garbage collection statistics directly:"
-{ $subsection millis } 
+{ $subsection micros } 
 { $subsection gc-stats }
 { $see-also "profiling" } ;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ABOUT: "timing"
 
 HELP: benchmark
 { $values { "quot" "a quotation" }
-          { "runtime" "an integer denoting milliseconds" } }
+          { "runtime" "the runtime in microseconds" } }
       { $description "Runs a quotation, measuring the total wall clock time." }
 { $notes "A nicer word for interactive use is " { $link time } "." } ;
 
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ HELP: time
 { $values { "quot" "a quotation" } }
 { $description "Runs a quotation and then prints the total run time and some garbage collection statistics." } ;
 
-{ benchmark millis time } related-words
+{ benchmark micros time } related-words
diff --git a/basis/tools/time/time.factor b/basis/tools/time/time.factor
index 6873d68316..58fc531623 100644
--- a/basis/tools/time/time.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/time/time.factor
@@ -5,20 +5,20 @@ namespaces system sequences splitting grouping assocs strings ;
 IN: tools.time
 
 : benchmark ( quot -- runtime )
-    millis >r call millis r> - ; inline
+    micros [ call micros ] dip - ; inline
 
 : time. ( data -- )
     unclip
-    "==== RUNNING TIME" print nl pprint " ms" print nl
+    "==== RUNNING TIME" print nl 1000000 /f pprint " seconds" print nl
     4 cut*
     "==== GARBAGE COLLECTION" print nl
     [
         6 group
         {
             "GC count:"
-            "Cumulative GC time (ms):"
-            "Longest GC pause (ms):"
-            "Average GC pause (ms):"
+            "Cumulative GC time (us):"
+            "Longest GC pause (us):"
+            "Average GC pause (us):"
             "Objects copied:"
             "Bytes copied:"
         } prefix
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ IN: tools.time
     [
         nl
         {
-            "Total GC time (ms):"
+            "Total GC time (us):"
             "Cards scanned:"
             "Decks scanned:"
             "Code heap literal scans:"
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ IN: tools.time
     ] bi* ;
 
 : time ( quot -- )
-    gc-reset millis >r call gc-stats millis r> - prefix time. ; inline
+    gc-reset micros [ call gc-stats micros ] dip - prefix time. ; inline
diff --git a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/authors.txt b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/authors.txt
index 1901f27a24..e1907c6d91 100755
--- a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/authors.txt
+++ b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/authors.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 Slava Pestov
+Eduardo Cavazos
diff --git a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser-docs.factor b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser-docs.factor
index 3765efb863..508b4a3493 100644
--- a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser-docs.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax io strings ;
 IN: tools.vocabs.browser
 
+ARTICLE: "vocab-tags" "Vocabulary tags"
+{ $all-tags } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "vocab-authors" "Vocabulary authors"
+{ $all-authors } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "vocab-index" "Vocabulary index"
-{ $tags }
-{ $authors }
+{ $subsection "vocab-tags" }
+{ $subsection "vocab-authors" }
 { $describe-vocab "" } ;
+
+HELP: words.
+{ $values { "vocab" "a vocabulary name" } }
+{ $description "Printings a listing of all the words in a vocabulary, categorized by type." } ;
diff --git a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser.factor b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser.factor
index c3296df280..4cd5653ab4 100644
--- a/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/vocabs/browser/browser.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel combinators vocabs vocabs.loader
-tools.vocabs io io.files io.styles help.markup help.stylesheet
-sequences assocs help.topics namespaces prettyprint words
-sorting definitions arrays summary sets generic ;
+USING: accessors arrays assocs classes classes.builtin
+classes.intersection classes.mixin classes.predicate
+classes.singleton classes.tuple classes.union combinators
+definitions effects fry generic help help.markup
+help.stylesheet help.topics io io.files io.styles kernel macros
+make namespaces prettyprint sequences sets sorting summary
+tools.vocabs vocabs vocabs.loader words ;
 IN: tools.vocabs.browser
 
 : vocab-status-string ( vocab -- string )
@@ -18,9 +21,9 @@ IN: tools.vocabs.browser
 
 : vocab. ( vocab -- )
     [
-        dup [ write-status ] with-cell
-        dup [ ($link) ] with-cell
-        [ vocab-summary write ] with-cell
+        [ [ write-status ] with-cell ]
+        [ [ ($link) ] with-cell ]
+        [ [ vocab-summary write ] with-cell ] tri
     ] with-row ;
 
 : vocab-headings. ( -- )
@@ -34,35 +37,25 @@ IN: tools.vocabs.browser
     [ "Children from " prepend ] [ "Children" ] if*
     $heading ;
 
-: vocabs. ( assoc -- )
+: $vocabs ( assoc -- )
     [
-        [
-            drop
-        ] [
-            swap root-heading.
-            standard-table-style [
-                vocab-headings. [ vocab. ] each
-            ] ($grid)
+        [ drop ] [
+            [ root-heading. ]
+            [
+                standard-table-style [
+                    vocab-headings. [ vocab. ] each
+                ] ($grid)
+            ] bi*
         ] if-empty
     ] assoc-each ;
 
-: describe-summary ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-summary [
-        "Summary" $heading print-element
-    ] when* ;
-
 TUPLE: vocab-tag name ;
 
 INSTANCE: vocab-tag topic
 
 C: <vocab-tag> vocab-tag
 
-: tags. ( seq -- ) [ <vocab-tag> ] map $links ;
-
-: describe-tags ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-tags f like [
-        "Tags" $heading tags.
-    ] when* ;
+: $tags ( seq -- ) [ <vocab-tag> ] map $links ;
 
 TUPLE: vocab-author name ;
 
@@ -70,20 +63,18 @@ INSTANCE: vocab-author topic
 
 C: <vocab-author> vocab-author
 
-: authors. ( seq -- ) [ <vocab-author> ] map $links ;
-
-: describe-authors ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-authors f like [
-        "Authors" $heading authors.
-    ] when* ;
+: $authors ( seq -- ) [ <vocab-author> ] map $links ;
 
 : describe-help ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-help [
-        "Documentation" $heading ($link)
-    ] when* ;
+    [
+        dup vocab-help
+        [ "Documentation" $heading ($link) ]
+        [ "Summary" $heading vocab-summary print-element ]
+        ?if
+    ] unless-empty ;
 
 : describe-children ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-name all-child-vocabs vocabs. ;
+    vocab-name all-child-vocabs $vocabs ;
 
 : describe-files ( vocab -- )
     vocab-files [ <pathname> ] map [
@@ -95,56 +86,173 @@ C: <vocab-author> vocab-author
                 ] with-nesting
             ] with-style
         ] ($block)
-    ] when* ;
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: describe-tuple-classes ( classes -- )
+    [
+        "Tuple classes" $subheading
+        [
+            [ <$link> ]
+            [ superclass <$link> ]
+            [ "slots" word-prop [ name>> ] map " " join \ $snippet swap 2array ]
+            tri 3array
+        ] map
+        { { $strong "Class" } { $strong "Superclass" } { $strong "Slots" } } prefix
+        $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: describe-predicate-classes ( classes -- )
+    [
+        "Predicate classes" $subheading
+        [
+            [ <$link> ]
+            [ superclass <$link> ]
+            bi 2array
+        ] map
+        { { $strong "Class" } { $strong "Superclass" } } prefix
+        $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: (describe-classes) ( classes heading -- )
+    '[
+        _ $subheading
+        [ <$link> 1array ] map $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: describe-builtin-classes ( classes -- )
+    "Builtin classes" (describe-classes) ;
+
+: describe-singleton-classes ( classes -- )
+    "Singleton classes" (describe-classes) ;
+
+: describe-mixin-classes ( classes -- )
+    "Mixin classes" (describe-classes) ;
+
+: describe-union-classes ( classes -- )
+    "Union classes" (describe-classes) ;
+
+: describe-intersection-classes ( classes -- )
+    "Intersection classes" (describe-classes) ;
+
+: describe-classes ( classes -- )
+    [ builtin-class? ] partition
+    [ tuple-class? ] partition
+    [ singleton-class? ] partition
+    [ predicate-class? ] partition
+    [ mixin-class? ] partition
+    [ union-class? ] partition
+    [ intersection-class? ] filter
+    {
+        [ describe-builtin-classes ]
+        [ describe-tuple-classes ]
+        [ describe-singleton-classes ]
+        [ describe-predicate-classes ]
+        [ describe-mixin-classes ]
+        [ describe-union-classes ]
+        [ describe-intersection-classes ]
+    } spread ;
+
+: word-syntax ( word -- string/f )
+    \ $syntax swap word-help elements dup length 1 =
+    [ first second ] [ drop f ] if ;
+
+: describe-parsing ( words -- )
+    [
+        "Parsing words" $subheading
+        [
+            [ <$link> ]
+            [ word-syntax dup [ \ $snippet swap 2array ] when ]
+            bi 2array
+        ] map
+        { { $strong "Word" } { $strong "Syntax" } } prefix
+        $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: (describe-words) ( words heading -- )
+    '[
+        _ $subheading
+        [
+            [ <$link> ]
+            [ stack-effect dup [ effect>string \ $snippet swap 2array ] when ]
+            bi 2array
+        ] map
+        { { $strong "Word" } { $strong "Stack effect" } } prefix
+        $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
+
+: describe-generics ( words -- )
+    "Generic words" (describe-words) ;
+
+: describe-macros ( words -- )
+    "Macro words" (describe-words) ;
+
+: describe-primitives ( words -- )
+    "Primitives" (describe-words) ;
+
+: describe-compounds ( words -- )
+    "Ordinary words" (describe-words) ;
+
+: describe-predicates ( words -- )
+    "Class predicate words" (describe-words) ;
+
+: describe-symbols ( words -- )
+    [
+        "Symbol words" $subheading
+        [ <$link> 1array ] map $table
+    ] unless-empty ;
 
 : describe-words ( vocab -- )
     words [
         "Words" $heading
-        natural-sort $links
+
+        natural-sort
+        [ [ class? ] filter describe-classes ]
+        [
+            [ [ class? ] [ symbol? ] bi and not ] filter
+            [ parsing-word? ] partition
+            [ generic? ] partition
+            [ macro? ] partition
+            [ symbol? ] partition
+            [ primitive? ] partition
+            [ predicate? ] partition swap
+            {
+                [ describe-parsing ]
+                [ describe-generics ]
+                [ describe-macros ]
+                [ describe-symbols ]
+                [ describe-primitives ]
+                [ describe-compounds ]
+                [ describe-predicates ]
+            } spread
+        ] bi
     ] unless-empty ;
 
-: vocab-xref ( vocab quot -- vocabs )
-    >r dup vocab-name swap words [ generic? not ] filter r> map
-    [ [ word? ] filter [ vocabulary>> ] map ] gather natural-sort
-    remove sift ; inline
+: words. ( vocab -- )
+    last-element off
+    vocab-name describe-words ;
 
-: vocab-uses ( vocab -- vocabs ) [ uses ] vocab-xref ;
-
-: vocab-usage ( vocab -- vocabs ) [ usage ] vocab-xref ;
-
-: describe-uses ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-uses [
-        "Uses" $heading
-        $vocab-links
-    ] unless-empty ;
-
-: describe-usage ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-usage [
-        "Used by" $heading
-        $vocab-links
-    ] unless-empty ;
+: describe-metadata ( vocab -- )
+    [
+        [ vocab-tags [ "Tags:" swap \ $tags prefix 2array , ] unless-empty ]
+        [ vocab-authors [ "Authors:" swap \ $authors prefix 2array , ] unless-empty ]
+        bi
+    ] { } make
+    [ "Meta-data" $heading $table ] unless-empty ;
 
 : $describe-vocab ( element -- )
-    first
-    dup describe-children
-    dup find-vocab-root [
-        dup describe-summary
-        dup describe-tags
-        dup describe-authors
-        dup describe-files
-    ] when
-    dup vocab [
-        dup describe-help
-        dup describe-words
-        dup describe-uses
-        dup describe-usage
-    ] when drop ;
+    first {
+        [ describe-help ]
+        [ describe-metadata ]
+        [ describe-words ]
+        [ describe-files ]
+        [ describe-children ]
+    } cleave ;
 
 : keyed-vocabs ( str quot -- seq )
     all-vocabs [
-        swap >r
-        [ >r 2dup r> swap call member? ] filter
-        r> swap
+        swap [
+            [ [ 2dup ] dip swap call member? ] filter
+        ] dip swap
     ] assoc-map 2nip ; inline
 
 : tagged ( tag -- assoc )
@@ -154,16 +262,16 @@ C: <vocab-author> vocab-author
     [ vocab-authors ] keyed-vocabs ;
 
 : $tagged-vocabs ( element -- )
-    first tagged vocabs. ;
+    first tagged $vocabs ;
 
 : $authored-vocabs ( element -- )
-    first authored vocabs. ;
+    first authored $vocabs ;
 
-: $tags ( element -- )
-    drop "Tags" $heading all-tags tags. ;
+: $all-tags ( element -- )
+    drop "Tags" $heading all-tags $tags ;
 
-: $authors ( element -- )
-    drop "Authors" $heading all-authors authors. ;
+: $all-authors ( element -- )
+    drop "Authors" $heading all-authors $authors ;
 
 INSTANCE: vocab topic
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/vocabs/monitor/monitor.factor b/basis/tools/vocabs/monitor/monitor.factor
index ed2e486ecc..416eec91d2 100644
--- a/basis/tools/vocabs/monitor/monitor.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/vocabs/monitor/monitor.factor
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ TR: convert-separators "/\\" ".." ;
     [ monitor-thread ] "Vocabulary monitor" spawn drop ;
 
 [
-    "-no-monitors" cli-args member? [
-        start-monitor-thread
-    ] unless
+    "-no-monitors" (command-line) member?
+    [ start-monitor-thread ] unless
 ] "tools.vocabs.monitor" add-init-hook
diff --git a/basis/tools/vocabs/vocabs.factor b/basis/tools/vocabs/vocabs.factor
index b929c62e04..ef0c74d7c8 100644
--- a/basis/tools/vocabs/vocabs.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/vocabs/vocabs.factor
@@ -4,9 +4,31 @@ USING: kernel io io.styles io.files io.encodings.utf8
 vocabs.loader vocabs sequences namespaces make math.parser
 arrays hashtables assocs memoize summary sorting splitting
 combinators source-files debugger continuations compiler.errors
-init checksums checksums.crc32 sets accessors ;
+init checksums checksums.crc32 sets accessors generic
+definitions words ;
 IN: tools.vocabs
 
+: vocab-xref ( vocab quot -- vocabs )
+    [ [ vocab-name ] [ words [ generic? not ] filter ] bi ] dip map
+    [
+        [ [ word? ] [ generic? not ] bi and ] filter [
+            dup method-body?
+            [ "method-generic" word-prop ] when
+            vocabulary>>
+        ] map
+    ] gather natural-sort remove sift ; inline
+
+: vocabs. ( seq -- )
+    [ dup >vocab-link write-object nl ] each ;
+
+: vocab-uses ( vocab -- vocabs ) [ uses ] vocab-xref ;
+
+: vocab-uses. ( vocab -- ) vocab-uses vocabs. ;
+
+: vocab-usage ( vocab -- vocabs ) [ usage ] vocab-xref ;
+
+: vocab-usage. ( vocab -- ) vocab-usage vocabs. ;
+
 : vocab-tests-file ( vocab -- path )
     dup "-tests.factor" vocab-dir+ vocab-append-path dup
     [ dup exists? [ drop f ] unless ] [ drop f ] if ;
@@ -112,12 +134,12 @@ SYMBOL: modified-docs
             [
                 [
                     [ modified-sources ]
-                    [ vocab-source-loaded? ]
+                    [ vocab source-loaded?>> ]
                     [ vocab-source-path ]
                     tri (to-refresh)
                 ] [
                     [ modified-docs ]
-                    [ vocab-docs-loaded? ]
+                    [ vocab docs-loaded?>> ]
                     [ vocab-docs-path ]
                     tri (to-refresh)
                 ] bi
@@ -132,8 +154,8 @@ SYMBOL: modified-docs
 : do-refresh ( modified-sources modified-docs unchanged -- )
     unchanged-vocabs
     [
-        [ [ f swap set-vocab-source-loaded? ] each ]
-        [ [ f swap set-vocab-docs-loaded? ] each ] bi*
+        [ [ vocab f >>source-loaded? drop ] each ]
+        [ [ vocab f >>docs-loaded? drop ] each ] bi*
     ]
     [
         append prune
@@ -181,7 +203,7 @@ M: vocab summary
 M: vocab-link summary vocab-summary ;
 
 : set-vocab-summary ( string vocab -- )
-    >r 1array r>
+    [ 1array ] dip
     dup vocab-summary-path
     set-vocab-file-contents ;
 
diff --git a/basis/tools/walker/walker-tests.factor b/basis/tools/walker/walker-tests.factor
index e002af8f6d..f802676583 100644
--- a/basis/tools/walker/walker-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/walker/walker-tests.factor
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ IN: tools.walker.tests
 ] unit-test
 
 [ { "Yo" 2 } ] [
-    [ 2 >r "Yo" r> ] test-walker
+    [ 2 [ "Yo" ] dip ] test-walker
+] unit-test
+
+[ { "Yo" 2 3 } ] [
+    [ 2 [ "Yo" ] dip 3 ] test-walker
 ] unit-test
 
 [ { 2 } ] [
diff --git a/basis/tools/walker/walker.factor b/basis/tools/walker/walker.factor
index 9775bdff81..f1a1e3c873 100644
--- a/basis/tools/walker/walker.factor
+++ b/basis/tools/walker/walker.factor
@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ M: object add-breakpoint ;
 
 : (step-into-quot) ( quot -- ) add-breakpoint call ;
 
+: (step-into-dip) ( quot -- ) add-breakpoint dip ;
+
+: (step-into-2dip) ( quot -- ) add-breakpoint 2dip ;
+
+: (step-into-3dip) ( quot -- ) add-breakpoint 3dip ;
+
 : (step-into-if) ( true false ? -- ) ? (step-into-quot) ;
 
 : (step-into-dispatch) ( array n -- ) nth (step-into-quot) ;
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ M: object add-breakpoint ;
 : (step-into-continuation) ( -- )
     continuation callstack >>call break ;
 
-: (step-into-call-next-method) ( class generic -- )
+: (step-into-call-next-method) ( method -- )
     next-method-quot (step-into-quot) ;
 
 ! Messages sent to walker thread
@@ -103,25 +109,25 @@ SYMBOL: +stopped+
 : change-frame ( continuation quot -- continuation' )
     #! Applies quot to innermost call frame of the
     #! continuation.
-    >r clone r> [
-        >r clone r>
+    [ clone ] dip [
+        [ clone ] dip
         [
-            >r
-            [ innermost-frame-scan 1+ ]
-            [ innermost-frame-quot ] bi
-            r> call
+            [
+                [ innermost-frame-scan 1+ ]
+                [ innermost-frame-quot ] bi
+            ] dip call
         ]
         [ drop set-innermost-frame-quot ]
         [ drop ]
         2tri
     ] curry change-call ; inline
 
-: step-msg ( continuation -- continuation' )
+: step-msg ( continuation -- continuation' ) USE: io
     [
-        2dup nth \ break = [
-            nip
-        ] [
-            swap 1+ cut [ break ] swap 3append
+        2dup length = [ nip [ break ] append ] [
+            2dup nth \ break = [ nip ] [
+                swap 1+ cut [ break ] swap 3append
+            ] if
         ] if
     ] change-frame ;
 
@@ -130,6 +136,9 @@ SYMBOL: +stopped+
 
 {
     { call [ (step-into-quot) ] }
+    { dip [ (step-into-dip) ] }
+    { 2dip [ (step-into-2dip) ] }
+    { 3dip [ (step-into-3dip) ] }
     { (throw) [ drop (step-into-quot) ] }
     { execute [ (step-into-execute) ] }
     { if [ (step-into-if) ] }
@@ -152,13 +161,16 @@ SYMBOL: +stopped+
 : step-into-msg ( continuation -- continuation' )
     [
         swap cut [
-            swap % unclip {
-                { [ dup \ break eq? ] [ , ] }
-                { [ dup quotation? ] [ add-breakpoint , \ break , ] }
-                { [ dup array? ] [ add-breakpoint , \ break , ] }
-                { [ dup word? ] [ literalize , \ (step-into-execute) , ] }
-                [ , \ break , ]
-            } cond %
+            swap %
+            [ \ break , ] [
+                unclip {
+                    { [ dup \ break eq? ] [ , ] }
+                    { [ dup quotation? ] [ add-breakpoint , \ break , ] }
+                    { [ dup array? ] [ add-breakpoint , \ break , ] }
+                    { [ dup word? ] [ literalize , \ (step-into-execute) , ] }
+                    [ , \ break , ]
+                } cond %
+            ] if-empty
         ] [ ] make
     ] change-frame ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/clipboards/clipboards.factor b/basis/ui/clipboards/clipboards.factor
index e1b591dfb9..42c3f6ddef 100644
--- a/basis/ui/clipboards/clipboards.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/clipboards/clipboards.factor
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ SYMBOL: selection
 
 : gadget-copy ( gadget clipboard -- )
     over gadget-selection?
-        [ >r [ gadget-selection ] keep r> copy-clipboard ]
+        [ [ [ gadget-selection ] keep ] dip copy-clipboard ]
         [ 2drop ]
     if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/cocoa/cocoa.factor b/basis/ui/cocoa/cocoa.factor
index 1a05d23aa0..a9b3b03b75 100644
--- a/basis/ui/cocoa/cocoa.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/cocoa/cocoa.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ command-line kernel memory namespaces cocoa.messages
 cocoa.runtime cocoa.subclassing cocoa.pasteboard cocoa.types
 cocoa.windows cocoa.classes cocoa.application sequences system
 ui ui.backend ui.clipboards ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.worlds
-ui.cocoa.views core-foundation threads math.geometry.rect ;
+ui.cocoa.views core-foundation threads math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.cocoa
 
 TUPLE: handle view window ;
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ C: <handle> handle
 SINGLETON: cocoa-ui-backend
 
 M: cocoa-ui-backend do-events ( -- )
-    [
-        [ NSApp [ do-event ] curry loop ui-wait ] ui-try
-    ] with-autorelease-pool ;
+    [ NSApp '[ _ do-event ] loop ui-wait ] with-autorelease-pool ;
 
 TUPLE: pasteboard handle ;
 
@@ -35,16 +33,13 @@ M: pasteboard set-clipboard-contents
     <clipboard> selection set-global ;
 
 : world>NSRect ( world -- NSRect )
-    dup window-loc>> first2 rot rect-dim first2 <NSRect> ;
+    [ window-loc>> ] [ dim>> ] bi [ first2 ] bi@ <NSRect> ;
 
 : gadget-window ( world -- )
-    [
-        dup <FactorView>
-        dup rot world>NSRect <ViewWindow>
-        dup install-window-delegate
-        over -> release
-        <handle>
-    ] keep (>>handle) ;
+    dup <FactorView>
+    2dup swap world>NSRect <ViewWindow>
+    [ [ -> release ] [ install-window-delegate ] bi* ] [ <handle> ] 2bi
+    >>handle drop ;
 
 M: cocoa-ui-backend set-title ( string world -- )
     handle>> window>> swap <NSString> -> setTitle: ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/cocoa/tools/tools.factor b/basis/ui/cocoa/tools/tools.factor
index 876e9e5df1..a8ade05a86 100644
--- a/basis/ui/cocoa/tools/tools.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/cocoa/tools/tools.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ CLASS: {
 }
 
 { "application:openFiles:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" "id" }
-    [ >r 3drop r> finder-run-files ]
+    [ [ 3drop ] dip finder-run-files ]
 }
 
 { "newFactorWorkspace:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
diff --git a/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views-tests.factor b/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc64534cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+IN: ui.cocoa.views.tests
+USING: ui.cocoa.views tools.test kernel math.geometry.rect
+namespaces ;
+
+[ t ] [
+    T{ rect
+        { loc { 0 0 } }
+        { dim { 1000 1000 } }
+    } "world" set
+
+    T{ rect
+        { loc { 1.5 2.25 } }
+        { dim { 13.0 14.0 } }
+    } dup "world" get rect>NSRect "world" get NSRect>rect =
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views.factor b/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views.factor
index c6942a8158..128fdceeb4 100644
--- a/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/cocoa/views/views.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ core-foundation threads combinators math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.cocoa.views
 
 : send-mouse-moved ( view event -- )
-    over >r mouse-location r> window move-hand fire-motion ;
+    [ mouse-location ] [ drop window ] 2bi move-hand fire-motion ;
 
 : button ( event -- n )
     #! Cocoa -> Factor UI button mapping
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ IN: ui.cocoa.views
     {
         { S+ HEX: 20000 }
         { C+ HEX: 40000 }
-        { A+ HEX: 80000 }
-        { M+ HEX: 100000 }
+        { A+ HEX: 100000 }
+        { M+ HEX: 80000 }
     } ;
 
 : key-codes
@@ -59,67 +59,66 @@ IN: ui.cocoa.views
 : key-event>gesture ( event -- modifiers keycode action? )
     dup event-modifiers swap key-code ;
 
-: send-key-event ( view event quot -- ? )
-    >r key-event>gesture r> call swap window-focus
-    send-gesture ; inline
-
-: send-user-input ( view string -- )
-    CF>string swap window-focus user-input ;
+: send-key-event ( view gesture -- )
+    swap window-focus propagate-gesture ;
 
 : interpret-key-event ( view event -- )
     NSArray swap -> arrayWithObject: -> interpretKeyEvents: ;
 
 : send-key-down-event ( view event -- )
-    2dup [ <key-down> ] send-key-event
-    [ interpret-key-event ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+    [ key-event>gesture <key-down> send-key-event ]
+    [ interpret-key-event ]
+    2bi ;
 
 : send-key-up-event ( view event -- )
-    [ <key-up> ] send-key-event drop ;
+    key-event>gesture <key-up> send-key-event ;
 
 : mouse-event>gesture ( event -- modifiers button )
     dup event-modifiers swap button ;
 
 : send-button-down$ ( view event -- )
-    [ mouse-event>gesture <button-down> ] 2keep
-    mouse-location rot window send-button-down ;
+    [ nip mouse-event>gesture <button-down> ]
+    [ mouse-location ]
+    [ drop window ]
+    2tri send-button-down ;
 
 : send-button-up$ ( view event -- )
-    [ mouse-event>gesture <button-up> ] 2keep
-    mouse-location rot window send-button-up ;
+    [ nip mouse-event>gesture <button-up> ]
+    [ mouse-location ]
+    [ drop window ]
+    2tri send-button-up ;
 
 : send-wheel$ ( view event -- )
-    over >r
-    dup -> deltaX sgn neg over -> deltaY sgn neg 2array -rot
-    mouse-location
-    r> window send-wheel ;
+    [ nip [ -> deltaX ] [ -> deltaY ] bi [ sgn neg ] bi@ 2array ]
+    [ mouse-location ]
+    [ drop window ]
+    2tri send-wheel ;
 
 : send-action$ ( view event gesture -- junk )
-    >r drop window r> send-action f ;
+    [ drop window ] dip send-action f ;
 
 : add-resize-observer ( observer object -- )
-    >r "updateFactorGadgetSize:"
-    "NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification" <NSString>
-    r> add-observer ;
+    [
+        "updateFactorGadgetSize:"
+        "NSViewFrameDidChangeNotification" <NSString>
+    ] dip add-observer ;
 
 : string-or-nil? ( NSString -- ? )
     [ CF>string NSStringPboardType = ] [ t ] if* ;
 
 : valid-service? ( gadget send-type return-type -- ? )
-    over string-or-nil? over string-or-nil? and [
-        drop [ gadget-selection? ] [ drop t ] if
-    ] [
-        3drop f
-    ] if ;
+    over string-or-nil? over string-or-nil? and
+    [ drop [ gadget-selection? ] [ drop t ] if ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
 
 : NSRect>rect ( NSRect world -- rect )
-    >r dup NSRect-x over NSRect-y r>
-    rect-dim second swap - 2array
-    over NSRect-w rot NSRect-h 2array
-    <rect> ;
+    [ [ [ NSRect-x ] [ NSRect-y ] bi ] [ dim>> second ] bi* swap - 2array ]
+    [ drop [ NSRect-w ] [ NSRect-h ] bi 2array ]
+    2bi <rect> ;
 
 : rect>NSRect ( rect world -- NSRect )
-    over rect-loc first2 rot rect-dim second swap -
-    rot rect-dim first2 <NSRect> ;
+    [ [ rect-loc first2 ] [ dim>> second ] bi* swap - ]
+    [ drop rect-dim first2 ]
+    2bi <NSRect> ;
 
 CLASS: {
     { +superclass+ "NSOpenGLView" }
@@ -138,83 +137,83 @@ CLASS: {
 }
 
 { "mouseEntered:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-mouse-moved ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-mouse-moved ]
 }
 
 { "mouseExited:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ 3drop forget-rollover ] ui-try ]
+    [ 3drop forget-rollover ]
 }
 
 { "mouseMoved:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-mouse-moved ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-mouse-moved ]
 }
 
 { "mouseDragged:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-mouse-moved ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-mouse-moved ]
 }
 
 { "rightMouseDragged:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-mouse-moved ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-mouse-moved ]
 }
 
 { "otherMouseDragged:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-mouse-moved ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-mouse-moved ]
 }
 
 { "mouseDown:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-down$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-down$ ]
 }
 
 { "mouseUp:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-up$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-up$ ]
 }
 
 { "rightMouseDown:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-down$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-down$ ]
 }
 
 { "rightMouseUp:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-up$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-up$ ]
 }
 
 { "otherMouseDown:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-down$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-down$ ]
 }
 
 { "otherMouseUp:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-button-up$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-button-up$ ]
 }
 
 { "scrollWheel:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-wheel$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-wheel$ ]
 }
 
 { "keyDown:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-key-down-event ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-key-down-event ]
 }
 
 { "keyUp:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-key-up-event ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip send-key-up-event ]
 }
 
 { "cut:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip T{ cut-action } send-action$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip T{ cut-action } send-action$ ]
 }
 
 { "copy:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip T{ copy-action } send-action$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip T{ copy-action } send-action$ ]
 }
 
 { "paste:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip T{ paste-action } send-action$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip T{ paste-action } send-action$ ]
 }
 
 { "delete:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip T{ delete-action } send-action$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip T{ delete-action } send-action$ ]
 }
 
 { "selectAll:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip T{ select-all-action } send-action$ ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip T{ select-all-action } send-action$ ]
 }
 
 ! Multi-touch gestures: this is undocumented.
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ CLASS: {
 { "validRequestorForSendType:returnType:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "id" "id" }
     [
         ! We return either self or nil
-        >r >r over window-focus r> r>
+        [ over window-focus ] 2dip
         valid-service? [ drop ] [ 2drop f ] if
     ]
 }
@@ -281,7 +280,7 @@ CLASS: {
 { "readSelectionFromPasteboard:" "char" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
     [
         pasteboard-string dup [
-            >r drop window-focus r> swap user-input 1
+            [ drop window-focus ] dip swap user-input 1
         ] [
             3drop 0
         ] if
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ CLASS: {
 
 ! Text input
 { "insertText:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [ [ nip send-user-input ] ui-try ]
+    [ nip CF>string swap window-focus user-input ]
 }
 
 { "hasMarkedText" "char" { "id" "SEL" }
@@ -335,16 +334,16 @@ CLASS: {
 
 ! Initialization
 { "updateFactorGadgetSize:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "id" }
-    [
-        [
-            2drop dup view-dim swap window (>>dim) yield
-        ] ui-try
-    ]
+    [ 2drop dup view-dim swap window (>>dim) yield ]
+}
+
+{ "doCommandBySelector:" "void" { "id" "SEL" "SEL" }
+    [ 3drop ]
 }
 
 { "initWithFrame:pixelFormat:" "id" { "id" "SEL" "NSRect" "id" }
     [
-        rot drop
+        [ drop ] 2dip
         SUPER-> initWithFrame:pixelFormat:
         dup dup add-resize-observer
     ]
@@ -353,9 +352,10 @@ CLASS: {
 { "dealloc" "void" { "id" "SEL" }
     [
         drop
-        dup unregister-window
-        dup remove-observer
-        SUPER-> dealloc
+        [ unregister-window ]
+        [ remove-observer ]
+        [ SUPER-> dealloc ]
+        tri
     ]
 } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/commands/commands-docs.factor b/basis/ui/commands/commands-docs.factor
index 25312ad868..78b82a345c 100644
--- a/basis/ui/commands/commands-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/commands/commands-docs.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ IN: ui.commands
         [ gesture>string , ]
         [
             [ command-name , ]
-            [ command-word \ $link swap 2array , ]
+            [ command-word <$link> , ]
             [ command-description , ]
             tri
         ] bi*
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ HELP: command-word
 { $description "Outputs the word that will be executed by " { $link invoke-command } ". This is only used for documentation purposes." } ;
 
 HELP: command-map
-{ $values { "group" string } { "class" "a class word" } { "command-map" "a " { $link command-map } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "group" string } { "class" "a class word" } { "command-map" { $maybe command-map } } }
 { $description "Outputs a named command map defined on a class." }
 { $class-description "A command map stores a group of related commands. The " { $snippet "commands" } " slot stores an association list mapping gestures to commands, and the " { $snippet "blurb" } " slot stores an optional one-line description string of this command map."
 $nl
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ HELP: commands
 { $description "Outputs a hashtable mapping command map names to " { $link command-map } " instances." } ;
 
 HELP: define-command-map
-{ $values { "class" "a class word" } { "group" string } { "blurb" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } { "pairs" "a sequence of gesture/word pairs" } }
+{ $values { "class" "a class word" } { "group" string } { "blurb" { $maybe string } } { "pairs" "a sequence of gesture/word pairs" } }
 { $description
     "Defines a command map on the specified gadget class. The " { $snippet "specs" } " parameter is a sequence of pairs " { $snippet "{ gesture word }" } ". The words must be valid commands; see " { $link define-command } "."
 }
diff --git a/basis/ui/commands/commands.factor b/basis/ui/commands/commands.factor
index b45e2e4004..5f8c3381b7 100644
--- a/basis/ui/commands/commands.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/commands/commands.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays definitions kernel sequences strings
 math assocs words generic namespaces make assocs quotations
-splitting ui.gestures unicode.case unicode.categories tr ;
+splitting ui.gestures unicode.case unicode.categories tr fry ;
 IN: ui.commands
 
 SYMBOL: +nullary+
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ GENERIC: command-word ( command -- word )
         [
             commands>>
             [ drop ] assoc-filter
-            [ [ invoke-command ] curry swap set ] assoc-each
+            [ '[ _ invoke-command ] swap set ] assoc-each
         ] each
     ] H{ } make-assoc ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/freetype/freetype.factor b/basis/ui/freetype/freetype.factor
index d2dfe56ed4..b0d152fc88 100644
--- a/basis/ui/freetype/freetype.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/freetype/freetype.factor
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ USING: alien alien.accessors alien.c-types arrays io kernel libc
 math math.vectors namespaces opengl opengl.gl prettyprint assocs
 sequences io.files io.styles continuations freetype
 ui.gadgets.worlds ui.render ui.backend byte-arrays accessors
-locals ;
-
+locals specialized-arrays.direct.uchar ;
 IN: ui.freetype
 
 TUPLE: freetype-renderer ;
@@ -97,21 +96,22 @@ SYMBOL: dpi
     dup handle>> init-descent
     dup [ ascent>> ] [ descent>> ] bi - ft-ceil >>height ; inline
 
-: set-char-size ( handle size -- )
-    0 swap 6 shift dpi get-global dup FT_Set_Char_Size freetype-error ;
+: set-char-size ( open-font size -- open-font )
+    [ dup handle>> 0 ] dip
+    6 shift dpi get-global dup FT_Set_Char_Size freetype-error ;
 
-: <font> ( handle -- font )
+: <font> ( font -- open-font )
     font new
         H{ } clone >>widths
         over first2 open-face >>handle
-        dup handle>> rot third set-char-size
+        swap third set-char-size
         init-font ;
 
 M: freetype-renderer open-font ( font -- open-font )
     freetype drop open-fonts get [ <font> ] cache ;
 
 : load-glyph ( font char -- glyph )
-    >r handle>> dup r> 0 FT_Load_Char
+    [ handle>> dup ] dip 0 FT_Load_Char
     freetype-error face-glyph ;
 
 : char-width ( open-font char -- w )
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ M: freetype-renderer open-font ( font -- open-font )
     ] cache nip ;
 
 M: freetype-renderer string-width ( open-font string -- w )
-    0 -rot [ char-width + ] with each ;
+    [ 0 ] 2dip [ char-width + ] with each ;
 
 M: freetype-renderer string-height ( open-font string -- h )
     drop height>> ;
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ M: freetype-renderer string-height ( open-font string -- h )
     FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL FT_Render_Glyph freetype-error ;
 
 :: copy-pixel ( i j bitmap texture -- i j )
-    255 j texture set-char-nth
-    i bitmap char-nth j 1 + texture set-char-nth
+    255 j texture set-nth
+    i bitmap nth j 1 + texture set-nth
     i 1 + j 2 + ; inline
 
 :: (copy-row) ( i j bitmap texture end -- )
@@ -154,19 +154,23 @@ M: freetype-renderer string-height ( open-font string -- h )
             rows [ glyph glyph-bitmap-rows ]
             width [ glyph glyph-bitmap-width ]
             width2 [ width next-power-of-2 2 * ] |
-        0 0
-        rows [ bitmap texture width width2 copy-row ] times
-        2drop
+        bitmap [
+            [let | bitmap' [ bitmap rows width * <direct-uchar-array> ] |
+                0 0
+                rows [ bitmap' texture width width2 copy-row ] times
+                2drop
+            ]
+        ] when
     ] ;
 
 : bitmap>texture ( glyph sprite -- id )
-    tuck sprite-size2 * 2 * [
-        [ copy-bitmap ] keep gray-texture
-    ] with-malloc ;
+    tuck sprite-size2 * 2 * <byte-array>
+    [ copy-bitmap ] keep gray-texture ;
 
 : glyph-texture-loc ( glyph font -- loc )
-    over glyph-hori-bearing-x ft-floor -rot
-    ascent>> swap glyph-hori-bearing-y - ft-floor 2array ;
+    [ drop glyph-hori-bearing-x ft-floor ]
+    [ ascent>> swap glyph-hori-bearing-y - ft-floor ]
+    2bi 2array ;
 
 : glyph-texture-size ( glyph -- dim )
     [ glyph-bitmap-width next-power-of-2 ]
@@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ M: freetype-renderer string-height ( open-font string -- h )
     bi 2array ;
 
 : <char-sprite> ( open-font char -- sprite )
-    over >r render-glyph dup r> glyph-texture-loc
+    over [ render-glyph dup ] dip glyph-texture-loc
     over glyph-size pick glyph-texture-size <sprite>
     [ bitmap>texture ] keep [ init-sprite ] keep ;
 
@@ -206,7 +210,7 @@ M: freetype-renderer string-height ( open-font string -- h )
     fonts>> [ open-font H{ } clone 2array ] cache first2 ;
 
 M: freetype-renderer draw-string ( font string loc -- )
-    >r >r world get font-sprites r> r> (draw-string) ;
+    [ world get font-sprites ] 2dip (draw-string) ;
 
 : run-char-widths ( open-font string -- widths )
     char-widths [ scan-sums ] [ 2 v/n ] bi v+ ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/books/books.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/books/books.factor
index da0ff35728..4ef90d87b9 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/books/books.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/books/books.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors kernel sequences models ui.gadgets math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: accessors kernel sequences models ui.gadgets
+math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.books
 
 TUPLE: book < gadget ;
@@ -25,6 +26,6 @@ M: book model-changed ( model book -- )
 M: book pref-dim* ( book -- dim ) children>> pref-dims max-dim ;
 
 M: book layout* ( book -- )
-    [ children>> ] [ dim>> ] bi [ >>dim drop ] curry each ;
+    [ children>> ] [ dim>> ] bi '[ _ >>dim drop ] each ;
 
 M: book focusable-child* ( book -- child/t ) current-page ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons-docs.factor
index c4edaac144..086ef2ca81 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons-docs.factor
@@ -10,19 +10,19 @@ $nl
 "A button can be selected, which is distinct from being pressed. This state is held in the " { $snippet "selected?" } " slot, and is used by the " { $link <toggle-buttons> } " word to construct a row of buttons for choosing among several alternatives." } ;
 
 HELP: <button>
-{ $values { "label" gadget } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } { "button" "a new " { $link button } } }
+{ $values { "label" gadget } { "quot" { $quotation "( button -- )" } } { "button" "a new " { $link button } } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link button } " which calls the quotation when clicked. The given gadget becomes the button's only child." } ;
 
 HELP: <roll-button>
-{ $values { "label" "a label specifier" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } { "button" button } }
+{ $values { "label" "a label specifier" } { "quot" { $quotation "( button -- )" } } { "button" button } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link button } " which is displayed with a solid border when it is under the mouse, informing the user that the gadget is clickable." } ;
 
 HELP: <bevel-button>
-{ $values { "label" "a label specifier" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } { "button" button } }
+{ $values { "label" "a label specifier" } { "quot" { $quotation "( button -- )" } } { "button" button } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link button } " with a shaded border which is always visible. The button appearance changes in response to mouse gestures using a " { $link button-paint } "." } ;
 
 HELP: <repeat-button>
-{ $values { "label" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } { "button" repeat-button } }
+{ $values { "label" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( button -- )" } } { "button" repeat-button } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link button } " derived from a " { $link <bevel-button> } " which calls the quotation every 100 milliseconds as long as the mouse button is held down." } ;
 
 HELP: button-paint
@@ -71,3 +71,5 @@ ARTICLE: "ui.gadgets.buttons" "Button gadgets"
 { $subsection button-paint }
 "Button constructors take " { $emphasis "label specifiers" } " as input. A label specifier is either a string, an array of strings, a gadget or " { $link f } "."
 { $see-also <command-button> "ui-commands" } ;
+
+ABOUT: "ui.gadgets.buttons"
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons.factor
index 4ad9e14874..75469671ef 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/buttons/buttons.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays kernel math models namespaces sequences
-       strings quotations assocs combinators classes colors
-       classes.tuple opengl math.vectors
-       ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.borders
-       ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.theme
-       ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gestures
-       ui.render math.geometry.rect ;
-
+strings quotations assocs combinators classes colors
+classes.tuple opengl opengl.gl math.vectors ui.commands ui.gadgets
+ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.theme
+ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gestures
+ui.render math.geometry.rect locals alien.c-types
+specialized-arrays.float fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.buttons
 
 TUPLE: button < border pressed? selected? quot ;
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ TUPLE: button < border pressed? selected? quot ;
     relayout-1 ;
 
 : if-clicked ( button quot -- )
-    >r dup button-update dup button-rollover? r> [ drop ] if ;
+    [ dup button-update dup button-rollover? ] dip [ drop ] if ;
 
 : button-clicked ( button -- ) dup quot>> if-clicked ;
 
@@ -62,16 +61,17 @@ C: <button-paint> button-paint
     } cond ;
 
 M: button-paint draw-interior
-    button-paint draw-interior ;
+    button-paint dup [ draw-interior ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 M: button-paint draw-boundary
-    button-paint draw-boundary ;
+    button-paint dup [ draw-boundary ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : align-left ( button -- button )
     { 0 1/2 } >>align ; inline
 
 : roll-button-theme ( button -- button )
     f black <solid> dup f <button-paint> >>boundary
+    f f pressed-gradient f <button-paint> >>interior
     align-left ; inline
 
 : <roll-button> ( label quot -- button )
@@ -103,17 +103,34 @@ repeat-button H{
     #! the mouse is held down.
     repeat-button new-button bevel-button-theme ;
 
-TUPLE: checkmark-paint color ;
+TUPLE: checkmark-paint < caching-pen color last-vertices ;
 
-C: <checkmark-paint> checkmark-paint
+: <checkmark-paint> ( color -- paint )
+    checkmark-paint new swap >>color ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: checkmark-points ( dim -- points )
+    {
+        [ { 0 0 } v* { 0.5 0.5 } v+ ]
+        [ { 1 1 } v* { 0.5 0.5 } v+ ]
+        [ { 1 0 } v* { -0.3 0.5 } v+ ]
+        [ { 0 1 } v* { -0.3 0.5 } v+ ]
+    } cleave 4array ;
+
+: checkmark-vertices ( dim -- vertices )
+    checkmark-points concat >float-array ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+M: checkmark-paint recompute-pen
+    swap dim>> checkmark-vertices >>last-vertices drop ;
 
 M: checkmark-paint draw-interior
-    color>> set-color
-    origin get [
-        rect-dim
-        { 0 0 } over gl-line
-        dup { 0 1 } v* swap { 1 0 } v* gl-line
-    ] with-translation ;
+    [ compute-pen ]
+    [ color>> gl-color ]
+    [ last-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ] tri
+    GL_LINES 0 4 glDrawArrays ;
 
 : checkmark-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
     f
@@ -148,30 +165,47 @@ TUPLE: checkbox < button ;
 M: checkbox model-changed
     swap value>> >>selected? relayout-1 ;
 
-TUPLE: radio-paint color ;
+TUPLE: radio-paint < caching-pen color interior-vertices boundary-vertices ;
 
-C: <radio-paint> radio-paint
+: <radio-paint> ( color -- paint ) radio-paint new swap >>color ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: circle-steps 8 ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+M: radio-paint recompute-pen
+    swap dim>>
+    [ { 4 4 } swap { 9 9 } v- circle-steps fill-circle-vertices >>interior-vertices ]
+    [ { 1 1 } swap { 3 3 } v- circle-steps circle-vertices >>boundary-vertices ] bi
+    drop ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: (radio-paint) ( gadget paint -- )
+    [ compute-pen ] [ color>> gl-color ] bi ;
+
+PRIVATE>
 
 M: radio-paint draw-interior
-    color>> set-color
-    origin get { 4 4 } v+ swap rect-dim { 8 8 } v- 12 gl-fill-circle ;
+    [ (radio-paint) ] [ interior-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ] bi
+    GL_POLYGON 0 circle-steps glDrawArrays ;
 
 M: radio-paint draw-boundary
-    color>> set-color
-    origin get { 1 1 } v+ swap rect-dim { 2 2 } v- 12 gl-circle ;
+    [ (radio-paint) ] [ boundary-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ] bi
+    GL_LINE_STRIP 0 circle-steps 1+ glDrawArrays ;
 
-: radio-knob-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
-    f
-    f
-    black <radio-paint>
-    black <radio-paint>
-    <button-paint> >>interior
-    black <radio-paint> >>boundary ;
+:: radio-knob-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
+    [let | radio-paint [ black <radio-paint> ] |
+        gadget
+        f f radio-paint radio-paint <button-paint> >>interior
+        radio-paint >>boundary
+        { 16 16 } >>dim
+    ] ;
 
 : <radio-knob> ( -- gadget )
-    <gadget>
-    radio-knob-theme
-    { 16 16 } >>dim ;
+    <gadget> radio-knob-theme ;
 
 TUPLE: radio-control < button value ;
 
@@ -187,9 +221,8 @@ M: radio-control model-changed
     over value>> = >>selected?
     relayout-1 ;
 
-: <radio-controls> ( parent model assoc quot -- parent )
-    #! quot has stack effect ( value model label -- )
-    swapd [ swapd call add-gadget ] 2curry assoc-each ; inline
+: <radio-controls> ( assoc model parent quot: ( value model label -- ) -- parent )
+    '[ _ swap _ call add-gadget ] assoc-each ; inline
 
 : radio-button-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
     { 5 5 } >>gap
@@ -200,8 +233,7 @@ M: radio-control model-changed
 
 : <radio-buttons> ( model assoc -- gadget )
     <filled-pile>
-        -rot
-        [ <radio-button> ] <radio-controls>
+        spin [ <radio-button> ] <radio-controls>
         { 5 5 } >>gap ;
 
 : <toggle-button> ( value model label -- gadget )
@@ -209,20 +241,19 @@ M: radio-control model-changed
 
 : <toggle-buttons> ( model assoc -- gadget )
     <shelf>
-        -rot
-        [ <toggle-button> ] <radio-controls> ;
+        spin [ <toggle-button> ] <radio-controls> ;
 
 : command-button-quot ( target command -- quot )
-    [ invoke-command drop ] 2curry ;
+    '[ _ _ invoke-command drop ] ;
 
 : <command-button> ( target gesture command -- button )
-    [ command-string ] keep
-    swapd
-    command-button-quot
-    <bevel-button> ;
+    [ command-string swap ] keep command-button-quot <bevel-button> ;
 
 : <toolbar> ( target -- toolbar )
     <shelf>
         swap
         "toolbar" over class command-map commands>> swap
-        [ -rot <command-button> add-gadget ] curry assoc-each ;
+        '[ [ _ ] 2dip <command-button> add-gadget ] assoc-each ;
+
+: add-toolbar ( track -- track )
+    dup <toolbar> f track-add ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/canvas/canvas.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/canvas/canvas.factor
index 4ff7519a85..0028b9b165 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/canvas/canvas.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/canvas/canvas.factor
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ TUPLE: canvas < gadget dlist ;
 
 : delete-canvas-dlist ( canvas -- )
     [ find-gl-context ]
-    [ dlist>> [ delete-dlist ] when* ]
-    [ f >>dlist drop ] tri ;
+    [ [ [ delete-dlist ] when* f ] change-dlist drop ] bi ;
 
 : make-canvas-dlist ( canvas quot -- dlist )
     [ drop ] [ GL_COMPILE swap make-dlist ] 2bi
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors-docs.factor
index b691668206..d749b8905c 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors-docs.factor
@@ -20,28 +20,18 @@ HELP: <editor>
 { $values { "editor" "a new " { $link editor } } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link editor } " with an empty document." } ;
 
-! 'editor-caret' is now an old accessor, but it's documented as a word here. Maybe move this description somewhere else.
-
-! HELP: editor-caret ( editor -- caret )
-! { $values { "editor" editor } { "caret" model } }
-! { $description "Outputs a " { $link model } " holding the current caret location." } ;
-
 { editor-caret* editor-mark* } related-words
 
 HELP: editor-caret*
 { $values { "editor" editor } { "loc" "a pair of integers" } }
 { $description "Outputs the current caret location as a line/column number pair." } ;
 
-! HELP: editor-mark ( editor -- mark )
-! { $values { "editor" editor } { "mark" model } }
-! { $description "Outputs a " { $link model } " holding the current mark location." } ;
-
 HELP: editor-mark*
 { $values { "editor" editor } { "loc" "a pair of integers" } }
 { $description "Outputs the current mark location as a line/column number pair." } ;
 
 HELP: change-caret
-{ $values { "editor" editor } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( loc -- newloc )" } } }
+{ $values { "editor" editor } { "quot" { $quotation "( loc -- newloc )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to the current caret location and moves the caret to the location output by the quotation." } ;
 
 { change-caret change-caret&mark mark>caret } related-words
@@ -51,7 +41,7 @@ HELP: mark>caret
 { $description "Moves the mark to the caret location, effectively deselecting any selected text." } ;
 
 HELP: change-caret&mark
-{ $values { "editor" editor } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( loc -- newloc )" } } }
+{ $values { "editor" editor } { "quot" { $quotation "( loc -- newloc )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to the current caret location and moves the caret and the mark to the location output by the quotation." } ;
 
 HELP: point>loc
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index a1026ef35a..72d5900c28
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/editors/editors.factor
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays documents io kernel math models
-namespaces make opengl opengl.gl sequences strings io.styles
-math.vectors sorting colors combinators assocs math.order
-ui.clipboards ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.borders
-ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.scrollers
-ui.gadgets.theme ui.gadgets.wrappers ui.render ui.gestures
+USING: accessors arrays documents kernel math models
+namespaces locals fry make opengl opengl.gl sequences strings
+io.styles math.vectors sorting colors combinators assocs
+math.order fry calendar alarms ui.clipboards ui.commands
+ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.buttons
+ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.theme
+ui.gadgets.menus ui.gadgets.wrappers ui.render ui.gestures
 math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.editors
 
 TUPLE: editor < gadget
 font color caret-color selection-color
 caret mark
-focused? ;
+focused? blink blink-alarm ;
 
 : <loc> ( -- loc ) { 0 0 } <model> ;
 
@@ -45,6 +46,30 @@ focused? ;
     dup deactivate-model
     swap model>> remove-loc ;
 
+: blink-caret ( editor -- )
+    [ not ] change-blink relayout-1 ;
+
+SYMBOL: blink-interval
+
+750 milliseconds blink-interval set-global
+
+: stop-blinking ( editor -- )
+    [ [ cancel-alarm ] when* f ] change-blink-alarm drop ;
+
+: start-blinking ( editor -- )
+    [ stop-blinking ] [
+        t >>blink
+        dup '[ _ blink-caret ] blink-interval get every
+        >>blink-alarm drop
+    ] bi ;
+
+: restart-blinking ( editor -- )
+    dup focused?>> [
+        [ start-blinking ]
+        [ relayout-1 ]
+        bi
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
+
 M: editor graft*
     dup
     dup caret>> activate-editor-model
@@ -52,6 +77,7 @@ M: editor graft*
 
 M: editor ungraft*
     dup
+    dup stop-blinking
     dup caret>> deactivate-editor-model
     dup mark>> deactivate-editor-model ;
 
@@ -64,14 +90,14 @@ M: editor ungraft*
     caret>> set-model ;
 
 : change-caret ( editor quot -- )
-    over >r >r dup editor-caret* swap model>> r> call r>
+    [ [ [ editor-caret* ] [ model>> ] bi ] dip call ] [ drop ] 2bi
     set-caret ; inline
 
 : mark>caret ( editor -- )
-    dup editor-caret* swap mark>> set-model ;
+    [ editor-caret* ] [ mark>> ] bi set-model ;
 
 : change-caret&mark ( editor quot -- )
-    over >r change-caret r> mark>caret ; inline
+    [ change-caret ] [ drop mark>caret ] 2bi ; inline
 
 : editor-line ( n editor -- str ) control-value nth ;
 
@@ -81,56 +107,68 @@ M: editor ungraft*
     editor-font* "" string-height ;
 
 : y>line ( y editor -- line# )
-    [ line-height / >fixnum ] keep model>> validate-line ;
+    line-height / >fixnum ;
 
-: point>loc ( point editor -- loc )
-    [
-        >r first2 r> tuck y>line dup ,
-        >r dup editor-font* r>
-        rot editor-line x>offset ,
-    ] { } make ;
+:: point>loc ( point editor -- loc )
+    point second editor y>line {
+        { [ dup 0 < ] [ drop { 0 0 } ] }
+        { [ dup editor model>> last-line# > ] [ drop editor model>> doc-end ] }
+        [| n |
+            n
+            point first
+            editor editor-font*
+            n editor editor-line
+            x>offset 2array
+        ]
+    } cond ;
 
 : clicked-loc ( editor -- loc )
     [ hand-rel ] keep point>loc ;
 
 : click-loc ( editor model -- )
-    >r clicked-loc r> set-model ;
+    [ clicked-loc ] dip set-model ;
 
-: focus-editor ( editor -- ) t >>focused? relayout-1 ;
+: focus-editor ( editor -- )
+    dup start-blinking
+    t >>focused?
+    relayout-1 ;
 
-: unfocus-editor ( editor -- ) f >>focused? relayout-1 ;
-
-: (offset>x) ( font col# str -- x )
-    swap head-slice string-width ;
+: unfocus-editor ( editor -- )
+    dup stop-blinking
+    f >>focused?
+    relayout-1 ;
 
 : offset>x ( col# line# editor -- x )
-    [ editor-line ] keep editor-font* -rot (offset>x) ;
+    [ editor-line ] keep editor-font* spin head-slice string-width ;
 
-: loc>x ( loc editor -- x ) >r first2 swap r> offset>x ;
+: loc>x ( loc editor -- x ) [ first2 swap ] dip offset>x ;
 
 : line>y ( lines# editor -- y )
     line-height * ;
 
 : caret-loc ( editor -- loc )
-    [ editor-caret* ] keep 2dup loc>x
-    rot first rot line>y 2array ;
+    [ editor-caret* ] keep
+    [ loc>x ] [ [ first ] dip line>y ] 2bi 2array ;
 
 : caret-dim ( editor -- dim )
     line-height 0 swap 2array ;
 
 : scroll>caret ( editor -- )
     dup graft-state>> second [
-        dup caret-loc over caret-dim { 1 0 } v+ <rect>
-        over scroll>rect
-    ] when drop ;
+        [
+            [ caret-loc ] [ caret-dim { 1 0 } v+ ] bi <rect>
+        ] keep scroll>rect
+    ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : draw-caret ( -- )
-    editor get focused?>> [
+    editor get [ focused?>> ] [ blink>> ] bi and [
         editor get
-        dup caret-color>> set-color
-        dup caret-loc origin get v+
-        swap caret-dim over v+
-        [ { 0.5 -0.5 } v+ ] bi@ gl-line
+        [ caret-color>> gl-color ]
+        [
+            dup caret-loc origin get v+
+            swap caret-dim over v+
+            gl-line
+        ] bi
     ] when ;
 
 : line-translation ( n -- loc )
@@ -140,15 +178,19 @@ M: editor ungraft*
     line-translation gl-translate ;
 
 : draw-line ( editor str -- )
-    >r font>> r> { 0 0 } draw-string ;
+    [ font>> ] dip { 0 0 } draw-string ;
 
 : first-visible-line ( editor -- n )
-    clip get rect-loc second origin get second -
-    swap y>line ;
+    [
+        [ clip get rect-loc second origin get second - ] dip
+        y>line
+    ] keep model>> validate-line ;
 
 : last-visible-line ( editor -- n )
-    clip get rect-extent nip second origin get second -
-    swap y>line 1+ ;
+    [
+        [ clip get rect-extent nip second origin get second - ] dip
+        y>line
+    ] keep model>> validate-line 1+ ;
 
 : with-editor ( editor quot -- )
     [
@@ -161,42 +203,43 @@ M: editor ungraft*
     ] with-scope ; inline
 
 : visible-lines ( editor -- seq )
-    \ first-visible-line get
-    \ last-visible-line get
-    rot control-value <slice> ;
+    [ \ first-visible-line get \ last-visible-line get ] dip
+    control-value <slice> ;
 
 : with-editor-translation ( n quot -- )
-    >r line-translation origin get v+ r> with-translation ;
+    [ line-translation origin get v+ ] dip with-translation ;
     inline
 
 : draw-lines ( -- )
     \ first-visible-line get [
-        editor get dup color>> set-color
+        editor get dup color>> gl-color
         dup visible-lines
         [ draw-line 1 translate-lines ] with each
     ] with-editor-translation ;
 
 : selection-start/end ( editor -- start end )
-    dup editor-mark* swap editor-caret* sort-pair ;
+    [ editor-mark* ] [ editor-caret* ] bi sort-pair ;
 
 : (draw-selection) ( x1 x2 -- )
-    2dup = [ 2 + ] when
-    0.0 swap editor get line-height glRectd ;
+    over -
+    dup 0 = [ 2 + ] when
+    [ 0.0 2array ] [ editor get line-height 2array ] bi*
+    swap [ gl-fill-rect ] with-translation ;
 
 : draw-selected-line ( start end n -- )
-    [ start/end-on-line ] keep tuck
-    >r >r editor get offset>x r> r>
-    editor get offset>x
+    [ start/end-on-line ] keep
+    tuck [ editor get offset>x ] 2bi@
     (draw-selection) ;
 
 : draw-selection ( -- )
-    editor get selection-color>> set-color
+    editor get selection-color>> gl-color
     editor get selection-start/end
     over first [
-        2dup [
-            >r 2dup r> draw-selected-line
+        2dup '[
+            [ _ _ ] dip
+            draw-selected-line
             1 translate-lines
-        ] each-line 2drop
+        ] each-line
     ] with-editor-translation ;
 
 M: editor draw-gadget*
@@ -212,7 +255,7 @@ M: editor pref-dim*
     drop relayout ;
 
 : caret/mark-changed ( model editor -- )
-    nip [ relayout-1 ] [ scroll>caret ] bi ;
+    nip [ restart-blinking ] [ scroll>caret ] bi ;
 
 M: editor model-changed
     {
@@ -242,7 +285,9 @@ M: editor user-input*
 M: editor gadget-text* editor-string % ;
 
 : extend-selection ( editor -- )
-    dup request-focus dup caret>> click-loc ;
+    dup request-focus
+    dup restart-blinking
+    dup caret>> click-loc ;
 
 : mouse-elt ( -- element )
     hand-click# get {
@@ -254,14 +299,15 @@ M: editor gadget-text* editor-string % ;
     editor-mark* before? ;
 
 : drag-selection-caret ( loc editor element -- loc )
-    >r [ drag-direction? ] 2keep
-    model>>
-    r> prev/next-elt ? ;
+    [
+        [ drag-direction? ] 2keep model>>
+    ] dip prev/next-elt ? ;
 
 : drag-selection-mark ( loc editor element -- loc )
-    >r [ drag-direction? not ] 2keep
-    nip dup editor-mark* swap model>>
-    r> prev/next-elt ? ;
+    [
+        [ drag-direction? not ] keep
+        [ editor-mark* ] [ model>> ] bi
+    ] dip prev/next-elt ? ;
 
 : drag-caret&mark ( editor -- caret mark )
     dup clicked-loc swap mouse-elt
@@ -276,28 +322,29 @@ M: editor gadget-text* editor-string % ;
 : editor-cut ( editor clipboard -- )
     dupd gadget-copy remove-selection ;
 
-: delete/backspace ( elt editor quot -- )
+: delete/backspace ( editor quot -- )
     over gadget-selection? [
-        drop nip remove-selection
+        drop remove-selection
     ] [
-        over >r >r dup editor-caret* swap model>>
-        r> call r> model>> remove-doc-range
+        [ [ [ editor-caret* ] [ model>> ] bi ] dip call ]
+        [ drop model>> ]
+        2bi remove-doc-range
     ] if ; inline
 
 : editor-delete ( editor elt -- )
-    swap [ over >r rot next-elt r> swap ] delete/backspace ;
+    '[ dupd _ next-elt ] delete/backspace ;
 
 : editor-backspace ( editor elt -- )
-    swap [ over >r rot prev-elt r> ] delete/backspace ;
+    '[ over [ _ prev-elt ] dip ] delete/backspace ;
 
 : editor-select-prev ( editor elt -- )
-    swap [ rot prev-elt ] change-caret ;
+    '[ _ prev-elt ] change-caret ;
 
 : editor-prev ( editor elt -- )
     dupd editor-select-prev mark>caret ;
 
 : editor-select-next ( editor elt -- )
-    swap [ rot next-elt ] change-caret ;
+    '[ _ next-elt ] change-caret ;
 
 : editor-next ( editor elt -- )
     dupd editor-select-next mark>caret ;
@@ -306,9 +353,8 @@ M: editor gadget-text* editor-string % ;
     tuck caret>> set-model mark>> set-model ;
 
 : select-elt ( editor elt -- )
-    over >r
-    >r dup editor-caret* swap model>> r> prev/next-elt
-    r> editor-select ;
+    [ [ [ editor-caret* ] [ model>> ] bi ] dip prev/next-elt ] [ drop ] 2bi
+    editor-select ;
 
 : start-of-document ( editor -- ) T{ doc-elt } editor-prev ;
 
@@ -319,7 +365,7 @@ M: editor gadget-text* editor-string % ;
     [ drop dup extend-selection dup mark>> click-loc ]
     [ select-elt ] if ;
 
-: insert-newline ( editor -- ) "\n" swap user-input ;
+: insert-newline ( editor -- ) "\n" swap user-input* drop ;
 
 : delete-next-character ( editor -- ) 
     T{ char-elt } editor-delete ;
@@ -448,7 +494,7 @@ editor "caret-motion" f {
     T{ doc-elt } editor-select-next ;
 
 editor "selection" f {
-    { T{ button-down f { S+ } } extend-selection }
+    { T{ button-down f { S+ } 1 } extend-selection }
     { T{ drag } drag-selection }
     { T{ gain-focus } focus-editor }
     { T{ lose-focus } unfocus-editor }
@@ -467,6 +513,13 @@ editor "selection" f {
     { T{ key-down f { S+ C+ } "END" } select-end-of-document }
 } define-command-map
 
+: editor-menu ( editor -- )
+    { cut com-copy paste } show-commands-menu ;
+
+editor "misc" f {
+    { T{ button-down f f 3 } editor-menu }
+} define-command-map
+
 ! Multi-line editors
 TUPLE: multiline-editor < editor ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames-tests.factor
index e38e97c76c..27d511e10a 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
+USING: accessors kernel namespaces tools.test ui.gadgets
+ui.gadgets.frames ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.labels ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.frames.tests
-USING: ui.gadgets.frames ui.gadgets tools.test ;
 
 [ ] [ <frame> layout ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <frame>
+        "Hello world" <label> @top grid-add
+        "Hello world" <label> @center grid-add
+        dup pref-dim "dim1" set
+        { 1000 1000 } >>dim
+        dup layout*
+        dup pref-dim "dim2" set
+        drop
+    "dim1" get "dim2" get =
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames.factor
index c210d1b7e2..ae4c7d929a 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/frames/frames.factor
@@ -1,40 +1,43 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays generic kernel math namespaces sequences words
-splitting grouping math.vectors ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets
-math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: accessors arrays generic kernel math namespaces sequences
+words splitting grouping math.vectors ui.gadgets.grids
+ui.gadgets math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.frames
 
-! A frame arranges gadgets in a 3x3 grid, where the center
-! gadgets gets left-over space.
+TUPLE: glue < gadget ;
+
+M: glue pref-dim* drop { 0 0 } ;
+
+: <glue> ( -- glue ) glue new-gadget ;
+
+: <frame-grid> ( -- grid ) 9 [ <glue> ] replicate 3 group ;
+
+: @center 1 1 ; inline
+: @left 0 1 ; inline
+: @right 2 1 ; inline
+: @top 1 0 ; inline
+: @bottom 1 2 ; inline
+
+: @top-left 0 0 ; inline
+: @top-right 2 0 ; inline
+: @bottom-left 0 2 ; inline
+: @bottom-right 2 2 ; inline
+
 TUPLE: frame < grid ;
 
-: <frame-grid> ( -- grid ) 9 [ <gadget> ] replicate 3 group ;
-
-: @center 1 1 ;
-: @left 0 1 ;
-: @right 2 1 ;
-: @top 1 0 ;
-: @bottom 1 2 ;
-
-: @top-left 0 0 ;
-: @top-right 2 0 ;
-: @bottom-left 0 2 ;
-: @bottom-right 2 2 ;
-
 : new-frame ( class -- frame )
     <frame-grid> swap new-grid ; inline
 
 : <frame> ( -- frame )
     frame new-frame ;
 
-: (fill-center) ( vec n -- )
-    over first pick third v+ [v-] 1 rot set-nth ;
+: (fill-center) ( dim vec -- )
+    [ [ first ] [ third ] bi v+ [v-] ] keep set-second ;
 
-: fill-center ( horiz vert dim -- )
-    tuck (fill-center) (fill-center) ;
+: fill-center ( dim horiz vert -- )
+    [ over ] dip [ (fill-center) ] 2bi@ ;
 
 M: frame layout*
     dup compute-grid
-    [ rot rect-dim fill-center ] 3keep
-    grid-layout ;
+    [ [ dim>> ] 2dip fill-center ] [ grid-layout ] 3bi ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-docs.factor
index 394841c599..169f97f0b9 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-docs.factor
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ HELP: children-on
 { $notes "This does not have to be an accurate intersection test, and simply returning " { $snippet "children" } " is a valid implementation. However, an accurate intersection test reduces the amount of work done when drawing this gadget if it is partially clipped and not all children are visible." } ;
 
 HELP: pick-up
-{ $values { "point" "a pair of integers" } { "gadget" gadget } { "child/f" "a " { $link gadget } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "point" "a pair of integers" } { "gadget" gadget } { "child/f" { $maybe gadget } } }
 { $description "Outputs the child at a point in the gadget's co-ordinate system. This word recursively descends the gadget hierarchy, and so outputs the deepest child." } ;
 
 HELP: max-dim
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ HELP: max-dim
 { pref-dims max-dim dim-sum } related-words
 
 HELP: each-child
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( child -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" { $quotation "( child -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each child of the gadget." } ;
 
 HELP: gadget-selection?
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ HELP: gadget-selection?
 { $contract "Outputs if the gadget has an active text selection; if so, the selected text can be obtained with a call to " { $link gadget-selection } "." } ;
 
 HELP: gadget-selection
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "string/f" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "string/f" { $maybe string } } }
 { $contract "Outputs the gadget's text selection, or " { $link f } " if nothing is selected." } ;
 
 HELP: relayout
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ HELP: parents
 { $description "Outputs a sequence of all parents of the gadget, with the first element being the gadget itself." } ;
 
 HELP: each-parent
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( gadget -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" { $quotation "( gadget -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to every parent of the gadget, starting from the gadget itself, stopping if the quotation yields " { $link f } ". Outputs " { $link t } " if the iteration completed, and outputs " { $link f } " if it was stopped prematurely." } ;
 
 HELP: find-parent
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( gadget -- ? )" } } { "parent" gadget } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "quot" { $quotation "( gadget -- ? )" } } { "parent" gadget } }
 { $description "Outputs the first parent of the gadget, starting from the gadget itself, for which the quotation outputs a true value, or " { $link f } " if the quotation outputs " { $link f } " for every parent." } ;
 
 HELP: screen-loc
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
index 877d4ad145..01d695c281 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ M: mock-gadget ungraft*
             [ V{ { f t } } ] [ status-flags ] unit-test
             dup [ [ ] [ notify-queued ] unit-test ] when
             [ ] [ "g" get clear-gadget ] unit-test
-            [ [ 1 ] [ graft-queue length>> ] unit-test ] unless
+            [ [ t ] [ graft-queue [ front>> ] [ back>> ] bi eq? ] unit-test ] unless
             [ [ ] [ notify-queued ] unit-test ] when
             [ ] [ add-some-children ] unit-test
             [ { f t } ] [ "1" get graft-state>> ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets.factor
index a18571d472..baf025d116 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/gadgets.factor
@@ -3,18 +3,16 @@
 USING: accessors arrays hashtables kernel models math namespaces
 make sequences quotations math.vectors combinators sorting
 binary-search vectors dlists deques models threads
-concurrency.flags math.order math.geometry.rect ;
+concurrency.flags math.order math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets
 
 SYMBOL: ui-notify-flag
 
 : notify-ui-thread ( -- ) ui-notify-flag get-global raise-flag ;
 
-TUPLE: gadget < rect
-       pref-dim parent children orientation focus
-       visible? root? clipped? layout-state graft-state graft-node
-       interior boundary
-       model ;
+TUPLE: gadget < rect pref-dim parent children orientation focus
+visible? root? clipped? layout-state graft-state graft-node
+interior boundary model ;
 
 M: gadget equal? 2drop f ;
 
@@ -58,9 +56,7 @@ M: gadget model-changed 2drop ;
     2dup eq? [
         2drop { 0 0 }
     ] [
-        over rect-loc >r
-        >r parent>> r> relative-loc
-        r> v+
+        over rect-loc [ [ parent>> ] dip relative-loc ] dip v+
     ] if ;
 
 GENERIC: user-input* ( str gadget -- ? )
@@ -75,7 +71,7 @@ M: gadget children-on nip children>> ;
     [ swap loc>> v- ] dip v. 0 <=> ;
 
 : (fast-children-on) ( dim axis children -- i )
-    -rot [ ((fast-children-on)) ] 2curry search drop ;
+    -rot '[ _ _ ((fast-children-on)) ] search drop ;
 
 : fast-children-on ( rect axis children -- from to )
     [ [ rect-loc ] 2dip (fast-children-on) 0 or ]
@@ -90,17 +86,14 @@ M: gadget children-on nip children>> ;
 
 : pick-up ( point gadget -- child/f )
     2dup (pick-up) dup
-    [ nip [ rect-loc v- ] keep pick-up ] [ rot 2drop ] if ;
+    [ nip [ rect-loc v- ] keep pick-up ] [ drop nip ] if ;
 
 : max-dim ( dims -- dim ) { 0 0 } [ vmax ] reduce ;
 
 : dim-sum ( seq -- dim ) { 0 0 } [ v+ ] reduce ;
 
-: orient ( gadget seq1 seq2 -- seq )
-    >r >r orientation>> r> r> [ pick set-axis ] 2map nip ;
-
 : each-child ( gadget quot -- )
-    >r children>> r> each ; inline
+    [ children>> ] dip each ; inline
 
 ! Selection protocol
 GENERIC: gadget-selection? ( gadget -- ? )
@@ -312,18 +305,18 @@ SYMBOL: in-layout?
     [ parent>> ] follow ;
 
 : each-parent ( gadget quot -- ? )
-    >r parents r> all? ; inline
+    [ parents ] dip all? ; inline
 
 : find-parent ( gadget quot -- parent )
-    >r parents r> find nip ; inline
+    [ parents ] dip find nip ; inline
 
 : screen-loc ( gadget -- loc )
     parents { 0 0 } [ rect-loc v+ ] reduce ;
 
 : (screen-rect) ( gadget -- loc ext )
     dup parent>> [
-        >r rect-extent r> (screen-rect)
-        >r tuck v+ r> vmin >r v+ r>
+        [ rect-extent ] dip (screen-rect)
+        [ tuck v+ ] dip vmin [ v+ ] dip
     ] [
         rect-extent
     ] if* ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/grid-lines/grid-lines.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/grid-lines/grid-lines.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index f4266adba1..8d79c9e07c
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/grid-lines/grid-lines.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/grid-lines/grid-lines.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel accessors math namespaces opengl opengl.gl sequences
-math.vectors ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.grids ui.render math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: kernel accessors math namespaces opengl opengl.gl
+sequences math.vectors ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.grids ui.render
+math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.grid-lines
 
 TUPLE: grid-lines color ;
@@ -18,18 +19,16 @@ SYMBOL: grid-dim
     grid-dim get spin set-axis ;
 
 : draw-grid-lines ( gaps orientation -- )
-    grid get rot grid-positions grid get rect-dim suffix [
-        grid-line-from/to gl-line
-    ] with each ;
+    [ grid get swap grid-positions grid get rect-dim suffix ] dip
+    [ '[ _ v- ] map ] keep
+    '[ _ swap grid-line-from/to gl-line ] each ;
 
 M: grid-lines draw-boundary
-    origin get [
-        -0.5 -0.5 0.0 glTranslated
-        color>> set-color [
-            dup grid set
-            dup rect-dim half-gap v- grid-dim set
-            compute-grid
-            { 0 1 } draw-grid-lines
-            { 1 0 } draw-grid-lines
-        ] with-scope
-    ] with-translation ;
+    color>> gl-color [
+        dup grid set
+        dup rect-dim half-gap v- grid-dim set
+        compute-grid
+        [ { 1 0 } draw-grid-lines ]
+        [ { 0 1 } draw-grid-lines ]
+        bi*
+    ] with-scope ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/grids/grids.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/grids/grids.factor
index 3e91e0ceb6..eab8833120 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/grids/grids.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/grids/grids.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays kernel math namespaces make sequences words io
 io.streams.string math.vectors ui.gadgets columns accessors
-math.geometry.rect locals ;
+math.geometry.rect locals fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.grids
 
 TUPLE: grid < gadget
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ grid
 : <grid> ( children -- grid )
     grid new-grid ;
 
-: grid-child ( grid i j -- gadget ) rot grid>> nth nth ;
+:: grid-child ( grid i j -- gadget ) i j grid grid>> nth nth ;
 
 :: grid-add ( grid child i j -- grid )
     grid i j grid-child unparent
     grid child add-gadget
     child i j grid grid>> nth set-nth ;
 
-: grid-remove ( grid i j -- grid ) <gadget> -rot grid-add ;
+: grid-remove ( grid i j -- grid ) [ <gadget> ] 2dip grid-add ;
 
 : pref-dim-grid ( grid -- dims )
     grid>> [ [ pref-dim ] map ] map ;
@@ -48,21 +48,18 @@ grid
     dupd add-gaps dim-sum v+ ;
 
 M: grid pref-dim*
-    dup gap>> swap compute-grid >r over r>
-    gap-sum >r gap-sum r> (pair-up) ;
+    dup gap>> swap compute-grid [ over ] dip
+    [ gap-sum ] 2bi@ (pair-up) ;
 
 : do-grid ( dims grid quot -- )
-    -rot grid>>
-    [ [ pick call ] 2each ] 2each
-    drop ; inline
+    [ grid>> ] dip '[ _ 2each ] 2each ; inline
 
 : grid-positions ( grid dims -- locs )
-    >r gap>> dup r> add-gaps swap [ v+ ] accumulate nip ;
+    [ gap>> dup ] dip add-gaps swap [ v+ ] accumulate nip ;
 
 : position-grid ( grid horiz vert -- )
-    pick >r
-    >r over r> grid-positions >r grid-positions r>
-    pair-up r> [ (>>loc) ] do-grid ;
+    pick [ [ over ] dip [ grid-positions ] 2bi@ pair-up ] dip
+    [ (>>loc) ] do-grid ;
 
 : resize-grid ( grid horiz vert -- )
     pick fill?>> [
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled-docs.factor
index f09bcaa825..4ad14abfd1 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled-docs.factor
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ HELP: closable-gadget
 { $class-description "A closable gadget displays a title bar with a close box on top of another gadget. Clicking the close box invokes a quotation. Closable gadgets are created by calling " { $link <closable-gadget> } "." } ;
 
 HELP: <closable-gadget>
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "title" string } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "title" string } { "quot" { $quotation "( button -- )" } } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link closable-gadget } ". Clicking the close box calls " { $snippet "quot" } "." }
 { $notes "The quotation can find the " { $link closable-gadget } " instance, or any other parent gadget by calling " { $link find-parent } " with the gadget it receives on the stack." } ;
 
 HELP: <labelled-pane>
-{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( value -- )" } } { "scrolls?" "a boolean" } { "title" string } { "gadget" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
+{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" { $quotation "( value -- )" } } { "scrolls?" "a boolean" } { "title" string } { "gadget" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
 { $description "Creates a new control delegating to a " { $link pane } ", and wraps it in a " { $link labelled-gadget } ". When the value of the model changes, the value is pushed on the stack and the quotation is called using " { $link with-pane } "." } ;
 
 { <labelled-pane> <pane-control> } related-words
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled.factor
index 37b1d251e8..108c5ae461 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/labelled/labelled.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.borders
 ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.scrollers
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ TUPLE: labelled-gadget < track content ;
 M: labelled-gadget focusable-child* content>> ;
 
 : <labelled-scroller> ( gadget title -- gadget )
-    >r <scroller> r> <labelled-gadget> ;
+    [ <scroller> ] dip <labelled-gadget> ;
 
 : <labelled-pane> ( model quot scrolls? title -- gadget )
-    >r >r <pane-control> r> >>scrolls? r>
+    [ [ <pane-control> ] dip >>scrolls? ] dip
     <labelled-scroller> ;
 
 : <close-box> ( quot -- button/f )
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ M: labelled-gadget focusable-child* content>> ;
 
 : title-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
     { 1 0 } >>orientation
-    T{ gradient f {
+    {
         T{ rgba f 0.65 0.65 1.0 1.0 }
         T{ rgba f 0.65 0.45 1.0 1.0 }
-    } } >>interior ;
+    } <gradient> >>interior ;
 
 : <title-label> ( text -- label ) <label> title-theme ;
 
@@ -48,9 +48,10 @@ TUPLE: closable-gadget < frame content ;
     [ closable-gadget? ] find-parent ;
 
 : <closable-gadget> ( gadget title quot -- gadget )
-    closable-gadget new-frame
-        -rot <title-bar> @top grid-add
-        swap >>content
-        dup content>> @center grid-add ;
+    [
+        [ closable-gadget new-frame ] dip
+        [ >>content ] [ @center grid-add ] bi
+    ] 2dip
+    <title-bar> @top grid-add ;
     
 M: closable-gadget focusable-child* content>> ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9b5074e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+USING: accessors tools.test ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.labels ;
+IN: ui.gadgets.labels.tests
+
+[ { 119 14 } ] [
+    <gadget> { 100 14 } >>dim
+    <gadget> { 14 14 } >>dim
+    label-on-right { 5 5 } >>gap
+    pref-dim
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels.factor
index 6c38b6183d..5706f47639 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/labels/labels.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ TUPLE: label < gadget text font color ;
 
 : set-label-string ( string label -- )
     CHAR: \n pick memq? [
-        >r string-lines r> (>>text)
+        [ string-lines ] dip (>>text)
     ] [
         (>>text)
     ] if ; inline
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ M: label pref-dim*
     [ font>> open-font ] [ text>> ] bi text-dim ;
 
 M: label draw-gadget*
-    [ color>> set-color ]
+    [ color>> gl-color ]
     [ [ font>> ] [ text>> ] bi origin get draw-text ] bi ;
 
 M: label gadget-text* label-string % ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists-docs.factor
index b698d558ad..6341e09505 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists-docs.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ HELP: list
 } ;
 
 HELP: <list>
-{ $values { "hook" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( list -- )" } } { "presenter" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( object -- label )" } } { "model" model } { "gadget" list } }
+{ $values { "hook" { $quotation "( list -- )" } } { "presenter" { $quotation "( object -- label )" } } { "model" model } { "gadget" list } }
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link list } "."
 $nl
 "The model value must be a sequence. The list displays presentations of elements with labels obtained by applying the " { $snippet "presenter" } " quotation to each object. The " { $snippet "hook" } " quotation is called when a presentation is selected." } ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists.factor
index 17fe68721d..0113e1959d 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/lists/lists.factor
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TUPLE: list < pack index presenter color hook ;
     hook>> [ [ list? ] find-parent ] prepend ;
 
 : <list-presentation> ( hook elt presenter -- gadget )
-    keep >r >label text-theme r>
+    keep [ >label text-theme ] dip
     <presentation>
     swap >>hook ; inline
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ TUPLE: list < pack index presenter color hook ;
     [ presenter>> ]
     [ control-value ]
     tri [
-        >r 2dup r> swap <list-presentation>
+        [ 2dup ] dip swap <list-presentation>
     ] map 2nip ;
 
 M: list model-changed
@@ -56,8 +56,12 @@ M: list model-changed
 
 M: list draw-gadget*
     origin get [
-        dup color>> set-color
-        selected-rect [ rect-extent gl-fill-rect ] when*
+        dup color>> gl-color
+        selected-rect [
+            dup loc>> [
+                dim>> gl-fill-rect
+            ] with-translation
+        ] when*
     ] with-translation ;
 
 M: list focusable-child* drop t ;
@@ -109,8 +113,8 @@ M: list focusable-child* drop t ;
     select-gadget ;
 
 : list-page ( list vec -- )
-    >r dup selected-rect rect-bounds 2 v/n v+
-    over visible-dim r> v* v+ swap select-at ;
+    [ dup selected-rect rect-bounds 2 v/n v+ over visible-dim ] dip
+    v* v+ swap select-at ;
 
 : list-page-up ( list -- ) { 0 -1 } list-page ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus-docs.factor
index 505eb2231f..d7297217ed 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus-docs.factor
@@ -3,9 +3,22 @@ kernel ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.menus
 
 HELP: <commands-menu>
-{ $values { "hook" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( button -- )" } } { "target" object } { "commands" "a sequence of commands" } { "gadget" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
+{ $values { "target" object } { "commands" "a sequence of commands" } { "hook" { $quotation "( button -- )" } }  { "menu" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
 { $description "Creates a popup menu of commands which are to be invoked on " { $snippet "target" } ". The " { $snippet "hook" } " quotation is run before a command is invoked." } ;
 
 HELP: show-menu
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "owner" gadget } }
-{ $description "Displays a popup menu in the " { $link world } " containing " { $snippet "owner" } " at the current mouse location." } ;
+{ $values { "owner" gadget } { "menu" gadget } }
+{ $description "Displays a popup menu in the " { $link world } " containing " { $snippet "owner" } " at the current mouse location. The popup menu can be any gadget." } ;
+
+HELP: show-commands-menu
+{ $values { "target" gadget } { "commands" "a sequence of commands" } }
+{ $description "Displays a popup menu with the given commands. The commands act on the target gadget. This is just a convenience word that combines " { $link <commands-menu> } " with " { $link show-menu } "." }
+{ $notes "Useful for right-click context menus." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "ui.gadgets.menus" "Popup menus"
+"The " { $vocab-link "ui.gadgets.menus" } " vocabulary implements popup menus."
+{ $subsection <commands-menu> }
+{ $subsection show-menu }
+{ $subsection show-commands-menu } ;
+
+ABOUT: "ui.gadgets.menus"
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus.factor
index 7dd57e526a..2aef0b8417 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/menus/menus.factor
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.buttons
-ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gestures generic hashtables kernel math
-models namespaces opengl sequences math.vectors
-ui.gadgets.theme ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.borders colors
-math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: locals accessors arrays ui.commands ui.gadgets
+ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gestures generic
+hashtables kernel math models namespaces opengl sequences
+math.vectors ui.gadgets.theme ui.gadgets.packs
+ui.gadgets.borders colors math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.menus
 
 : menu-loc ( world menu -- loc )
-    >r rect-dim r> pref-dim [v-] hand-loc get-global vmin ;
+    [ rect-dim ] [ pref-dim ] bi* [v-] hand-loc get-global vmin ;
 
 TUPLE: menu-glass < gadget ;
 
-: <menu-glass> ( menu world -- glass )
+: <menu-glass> ( world menu -- glass )
+    tuck menu-loc >>loc
     menu-glass new-gadget
-    >r over menu-loc >>loc r>
     swap add-gadget ;
 
 M: menu-glass layout* gadget-child prefer ;
@@ -22,31 +22,35 @@ M: menu-glass layout* gadget-child prefer ;
 : hide-glass ( world -- )
     [ [ unparent ] when* f ] change-glass drop ;
 
-: show-glass ( gadget world -- )
-    dup hide-glass
-    swap [ hand-clicked set-global ] [ >>glass ] bi
-    dup glass>> add-gadget drop ;
+: show-glass ( world gadget -- )
+    [ [ hide-glass ] [ hand-clicked set-global ] bi* ]
+    [ add-gadget drop ]
+    [ >>glass drop ]
+    2tri ;
 
-: show-menu ( gadget owner -- )
-    find-world [ <menu-glass> ] keep show-glass ;
+: show-menu ( owner menu -- )
+    [ find-world dup ] dip <menu-glass> show-glass ;
 
 \ menu-glass H{
     { T{ button-down } [ find-world [ hide-glass ] when* ] }
     { T{ drag } [ update-clicked drop ] }
 } set-gestures
 
-: <menu-item> ( hook target command -- button )
-    dup command-name -rot command-button-quot
-    swapd
-    [ hand-clicked get find-world hide-glass ]
-    3append <roll-button> ;
+:: <menu-item> ( target hook command -- button )
+    command command-name [
+        hook call
+        target command command-button-quot call
+        hand-clicked get find-world hide-glass
+    ] <roll-button> ;
 
 : menu-theme ( gadget -- gadget )
     light-gray solid-interior
     faint-boundary ;
 
-: <commands-menu> ( hook target commands -- gadget )
-    <filled-pile>
-        -roll
-        [ <menu-item> add-gadget ] with with each
+: <commands-menu> ( target hook commands -- menu )
+    [ <filled-pile> ] 3dip
+    [ <menu-item> add-gadget ] with with each
     5 <border> menu-theme ;
+
+: show-commands-menu ( target commands -- )
+    [ dup [ ] ] dip <commands-menu> show-menu ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs-tests.factor
index 065267d7be..8b52a2ad2f 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 IN: ui.gadgets.packs.tests
 USING: ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets ui.render
-kernel namespaces tools.test math.parser sequences math.geometry.rect ;
+kernel namespaces tools.test math.parser sequences math.geometry.rect
+accessors ;
 
 [ t ] [
     { 0 0 } { 100 100 } <rect> clip set
@@ -11,3 +12,10 @@ kernel namespaces tools.test math.parser sequences math.geometry.rect ;
 
     visible-children [ label? ] all?
 ] unit-test
+
+[ { { 10 30 } } ] [
+    { { 10 20 } }
+    { { 100 30 } }
+    <gadget> { 0 1 } >>orientation
+    orient
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs.factor
index 32a60374eb..86dc6ea354 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/packs/packs.factor
@@ -1,28 +1,30 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: sequences ui.gadgets kernel math math.functions
-math.vectors namespaces math.order accessors math.geometry.rect ;
+math.vectors math.order math.geometry.rect namespaces accessors
+fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.packs
 
 TUPLE: pack < gadget
-    { align initial: 0 }
-    { fill  initial: 0 }
-    { gap   initial: { 0 0 } } ;
+{ align initial: 0 } { fill initial: 0 } { gap initial: { 0 0 } } ;
 
 : packed-dim-2 ( gadget sizes -- list )
-    [ over rect-dim over v- rot fill>> v*n v+ ] with map ;
+    swap [ dim>> ] [ fill>> ] bi '[ _ over v- _ v*n v+ ] map ;
+
+: orient ( seq1 seq2 gadget -- seq )
+    orientation>> '[ _ set-axis ] 2map ;
 
 : packed-dims ( gadget sizes -- seq )
-    2dup packed-dim-2 swap orient ;
+    [ packed-dim-2 ] [ nip ] [ drop ] 2tri orient ;
 
 : gap-locs ( gap sizes -- seq )
     { 0 0 } [ v+ over v+ ] accumulate 2nip ;
 
 : aligned-locs ( gadget sizes -- seq )
-    [ >r dup align>> swap rect-dim r> v- n*v ] with map ;
+    [ [ [ align>> ] [ dim>> ] bi ] dip v- n*v ] with map ;
 
 : packed-locs ( gadget sizes -- seq )
-    over gap>> over gap-locs >r dupd aligned-locs r> orient ;
+    [ aligned-locs ] [ [ gap>> ] dip gap-locs ] [ drop ] 2tri orient ;
 
 : round-dims ( seq -- newseq )
     { 0 0 } swap
@@ -31,8 +33,9 @@ TUPLE: pack < gadget
 
 : pack-layout ( pack sizes -- )
     round-dims over children>>
-    >r dupd packed-dims r> 2dup [ (>>dim) ] 2each
-    >r packed-locs r> [ (>>loc) ] 2each ;
+    [ dupd packed-dims ] dip
+    [ [ (>>dim) ] 2each ]
+    [ [ packed-locs ] dip [ (>>loc) ] 2each ] 2bi ;
 
 : <pack> ( orientation -- pack )
     pack new-gadget
@@ -44,12 +47,14 @@ TUPLE: pack < gadget
 
 : <shelf> ( -- pack ) { 1 0 } <pack> ;
 
-: gap-dims ( gap sizes -- seeq )
-    [ dim-sum ] keep length 1 [-] rot n*v v+ ;
+: gap-dims ( sizes gadget -- seeq )
+    [ [ dim-sum ] [ length 1 [-] ] bi ] [ gap>> ] bi* n*v v+ ;
 
 : pack-pref-dim ( gadget sizes -- dim )
-    over gap>> over gap-dims >r max-dim r>
-    rot orientation>> set-axis ;
+    [ nip max-dim ]
+    [ swap gap-dims ]
+    [ drop orientation>> ]
+    2tri set-axis ;
 
 M: pack pref-dim*
     dup children>> pref-dims pack-pref-dim ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-docs.factor
index 99f8b2e82a..d53cba5f76 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-docs.factor
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ HELP: <scrolling-pane>
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link pane } " gadget which scrolls any scroll pane containing it to the bottom on output. behaving much like a terminal or logger." } ;
 
 HELP: <pane-control>
-{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( value -- )" } } { "pane" "a new " { $link pane } } }
+{ $values { "model" model } { "quot" { $quotation "( value -- )" } } { "pane" "a new " { $link pane } } }
 { $description "Creates a new control delegating to a " { $link pane } ". When the value of the model changes, the value is pushed on the stack and the quotation is called using " { $link with-pane } "." } ;
 
 HELP: pane-stream
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-tests.factor
index 109c0a1461..8627f7fbfe 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes-tests.factor
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ IN: ui.gadgets.panes.tests
 [ t ] [ [ [ 1 2 3 ] pprint ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ [ \ + describe ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ [ \ = see ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ [ \ = help ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ [ \ = print-topic ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [
     [
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ ARTICLE: "test-article-1" "This is a test article"
 
 [ t ] [ [ "test-article-1" $title ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [ [ "test-article-1" help ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ [ "test-article-1" print-topic ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 
 ARTICLE: "test-article-2" "This is a test article"
 "Hello world, how are you today."
 { $table { "a" "b" } { "c" "d" } } ;
 
-[ t ] [ [ "test-article-2" help ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ [ "test-article-2" print-topic ] test-gadget-text ] unit-test
 
 <pane> [ \ = see ] with-pane
-<pane> [ \ = help ] with-pane
+<pane> [ \ = print-topic ] with-pane
 
 [ ] [
     \ = <model> [ see ] <pane-control> [ ] with-grafted-gadget
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes.factor
index f100a72f06..79a47380b6 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/panes/panes.factor
@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
 USING: arrays ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.buttons
 ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.paragraphs
 ui.gadgets.incremental ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.theme
-ui.clipboards ui.gestures ui.traverse ui.render hashtables io
-kernel namespaces sequences io.styles strings quotations math
-opengl combinators math.vectors sorting splitting
-io.streams.nested assocs ui.gadgets.presentations
+ui.gadgets.menus ui.clipboards ui.gestures ui.traverse ui.render
+hashtables io kernel namespaces sequences io.styles strings
+quotations math opengl combinators math.vectors sorting
+splitting io.streams.nested assocs ui.gadgets.presentations
 ui.gadgets.slots ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.grid-lines
 classes.tuple models continuations destructors accessors
-math.geometry.rect ;
-
+math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.panes
 
 TUPLE: pane < pack
@@ -60,10 +59,14 @@ M: pane gadget-selection ( pane -- string/f )
 GENERIC: draw-selection ( loc obj -- )
 
 : if-fits ( rect quot -- )
-    >r clip get over intersects? r> [ drop ] if ; inline
+    [ clip get over intersects? ] dip [ drop ] if ; inline
 
 M: gadget draw-selection ( loc gadget -- )
-    swap offset-rect [ rect-extent gl-fill-rect ] if-fits ;
+    swap offset-rect [
+        dup loc>> [
+            dim>> gl-fill-rect
+        ] with-translation
+    ] if-fits ;
 
 M: node draw-selection ( loc node -- )
     2dup value>> swap offset-rect [
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ M: node draw-selection ( loc node -- )
 
 M: pane draw-gadget*
     dup gadget-selection? [
-        dup selection-color>> set-color
+        dup selection-color>> gl-color
         origin get over rect-loc v- swap selected-children
         [ draw-selection ] with each
     ] [
@@ -132,8 +135,8 @@ M: style-stream write-gadget
 
 : with-pane ( pane quot -- )
     over scroll>top
-    over pane-clear >r <pane-stream> r>
-    over >r with-output-stream* r> ?nl ; inline
+    over pane-clear [ <pane-stream> ] dip
+    over [ with-output-stream* ] dip ?nl ; inline
 
 : make-pane ( quot -- gadget )
     <pane> [ swap with-pane ] keep smash-pane ; inline
@@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ M: pane-control model-changed ( model pane-control -- )
         swap >>model ;
 
 : do-pane-stream ( pane-stream quot -- )
-    >r pane>> r> keep scroll-pane ; inline
+    [ pane>> ] dip keep scroll-pane ; inline
 
 M: pane-stream stream-nl
     [ pane-nl drop ] do-pane-stream ;
@@ -175,7 +178,7 @@ M: pane-stream make-span-stream
 ! Character styles
 
 : apply-style ( style gadget key quot -- style gadget )
-    >r pick at r> when* ; inline
+    [ pick at ] dip when* ; inline
 
 : apply-foreground-style ( style gadget -- style gadget )
     foreground [ >>color ] apply-style ;
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ M: pane-stream make-span-stream
     border-width [ <border> ] apply-style ;
 
 : apply-printer-style ( style gadget -- style gadget )
-    presented-printer [ [ make-pane ] curry >>printer ] apply-style ;
+    presented-printer [ '[ _ make-pane ] >>printer ] apply-style ;
 
 : style-pane ( style pane -- pane )
     apply-border-width-style
@@ -281,10 +284,10 @@ M: pane-stream make-cell-stream
     pane-cell-stream new-nested-pane-stream ;
 
 M: pane-stream stream-write-table
-    >r
-    swap [ [ pane>> smash-pane ] map ] map
-    styled-grid
-    r> print-gadget ;
+    [
+        swap [ [ pane>> smash-pane ] map ] map
+        styled-grid
+    ] dip print-gadget ;
 
 ! Stream utilities
 M: pack dispose drop ;
@@ -306,7 +309,7 @@ M: paragraph stream-write
     drop ;
 
 : gadget-write1 ( char gadget -- )
-    >r 1string r> stream-write ;
+    [ 1string ] dip stream-write ;
 
 M: pack stream-write1 gadget-write1 ;
 
@@ -359,7 +362,11 @@ M: f sloppy-pick-up*
     dup hand-rel over sloppy-pick-up >>caret
     dup relayout-1 ;
 
-: begin-selection ( pane -- ) move-caret f >>mark drop ;
+: begin-selection ( pane -- )
+    f >>selecting?
+    move-caret
+    f >>mark
+    drop ;
 
 : extend-selection ( pane -- )
     hand-moved? [
@@ -385,16 +392,20 @@ M: f sloppy-pick-up*
     ] if ;
 
 : select-to-caret ( pane -- )
+    t >>selecting?
     dup mark>> [ caret>mark ] unless
     move-caret
     dup request-focus
     com-copy-selection ;
 
+: pane-menu ( pane -- ) { com-copy } show-commands-menu ;
+
 pane H{
     { T{ button-down } [ begin-selection ] }
     { T{ button-down f { S+ } 1 } [ select-to-caret ] }
-    { T{ button-up f { S+ } 1 } [ drop ] }
+    { T{ button-up f { S+ } 1 } [ end-selection ] }
     { T{ button-up } [ end-selection ] }
     { T{ drag } [ extend-selection ] }
     { T{ copy-action } [ com-copy ] }
+    { T{ button-down f f 3 } [ pane-menu ] }
 } set-gestures
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/paragraphs/paragraphs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/paragraphs/paragraphs.factor
index 216f21af27..6e26a2989f 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/paragraphs/paragraphs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/paragraphs/paragraphs.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.labels ui.render kernel math
-namespaces sequences math.order math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: accessors arrays ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.labels ui.render
+kernel math namespaces sequences math.order math.geometry.rect
+locals ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.paragraphs
 
 ! A word break gadget
@@ -46,12 +47,19 @@ SYMBOL: margin
     dup line-height [ max ] change
     y get + max-y [ max ] change ;
 
-: wrap-step ( quot child -- )
-    dup pref-dim [
-        over word-break-gadget? [
-            dup first overrun? [ wrap-line ] when
-        ] unless drop wrap-pos rot call
-    ] keep first2 advance-y advance-x ; inline
+:: wrap-step ( quot child -- )
+    child pref-dim
+    [
+        child
+        [
+            word-break-gadget?
+            [ drop ] [ first overrun? [ wrap-line ] when ] if
+        ]
+        [ wrap-pos quot call ] bi
+    ]
+    [ first advance-x ]
+    [ second advance-y ]
+    tri ; inline
 
 : wrap-dim ( -- dim ) max-x get max-y get 2array ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/presentations/presentations.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/presentations/presentations.factor
index c5f078e82e..33ef3bbe3a 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/presentations/presentations.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/presentations/presentations.factor
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ TUPLE: presentation < button object hook ;
 
 : invoke-presentation ( presentation command -- )
     over dup hook>> call
-    >r object>> r> invoke-command ;
+    [ object>> ] dip invoke-command ;
 
 : invoke-primary ( presentation -- )
     dup object>> primary-operation
@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@ M: presentation ungraft*
     call-next-method ;
 
 : <operations-menu> ( presentation -- menu )
-    dup dup hook>> curry
-    swap object>>
-    dup object-operations <commands-menu> ;
+    [ object>> ]
+    [ dup hook>> curry ]
+    [ object>> object-operations ]
+    tri <commands-menu> ;
 
 : operations-menu ( presentation -- )
-    dup <operations-menu> swap show-menu ;
+    dup <operations-menu> show-menu ;
 
 presentation H{
     { T{ button-down f f 3 } [ operations-menu ] }
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-docs.factor
index 3554c735a7..b248527c37 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-docs.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ $nl
 "Scroller gadgets are created by calling " { $link <scroller> } "." } ;
 
 HELP: find-scroller
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "scroller/f" "a " { $link scroller } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "scroller/f" { $maybe scroller } } }
 { $description "Finds the first parent of " { $snippet "gadget" } " which is a " { $link scroller } ". Outputs " { $link f } " if the gadget is not contained in a " { $link scroller } "." } ;
 
 HELP: scroller-value
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-tests.factor
index 625bfd7880..d6792abd49 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers-tests.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ USING: ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.scrollers namespaces tools.test
 kernel models models.compose models.range ui.gadgets.viewports
 ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.frames
 ui.gadgets.sliders math math.vectors arrays sequences
-tools.test.ui math.geometry.rect accessors ;
+tools.test.ui math.geometry.rect accessors ui.gadgets.buttons
+ui.gadgets.packs ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.scrollers.tests
 
 [ ] [
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ dup layout
         "g2" get scroll>gadget
         "s" get layout
         "s" get scroller-value
-    ] map [ { 3 0 } = ] all?
+    ] map [ { 2 0 } = ] all?
 ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [ "Hi" <label> dup "l" set <scroller> "s" set ] unit-test
@@ -86,4 +87,22 @@ dup layout
 [ t ] [ "s" get @right grid-child slider? ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ "s" get @right grid-child find-scroller* ] unit-test
 
+[ ] [
+    "Click Me" [ [ scroll>gadget ] [ unparent ] bi ] <bevel-button>
+    [ <pile> swap add-gadget <scroller> ] keep
+    dup quot>> call
+    layout
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <gadget> { 200 200 } >>dim
+    [ [ scroll>gadget ] [ unparent ] bi ] <bevel-button>
+    dup
+    <pile> swap add-gadget <scroller> { 100 100 } >>dim dup layout
+    swap dup quot>> call
+    dup layout
+    model>> dependencies>> [ range-max value>> ] map
+    viewport-gap 2 v*n =
+] unit-test
+
 \ <scroller> must-infer
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers.factor
index d1429c4006..37f6e83e0c 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/scrollers/scrollers.factor
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@
 USING: accessors arrays ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.viewports
 ui.gadgets.frames ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.theme
 ui.gadgets.sliders ui.gestures kernel math namespaces sequences
-models models.range models.compose
-combinators math.vectors classes.tuple math.geometry.rect
-combinators.short-circuit ;
+models models.range models.compose combinators math.vectors
+classes.tuple math.geometry.rect combinators.short-circuit ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.scrollers
 
 TUPLE: scroller < frame viewport x y follows ;
@@ -22,9 +21,10 @@ TUPLE: scroller < frame viewport x y follows ;
 : scroll-down-line ( scroller -- ) y>> 1 swap slide-by-line ;
 
 : do-mouse-scroll ( scroller -- )
-    scroll-direction get-global first2
-    pick y>> slide-by-line
-    swap x>> slide-by-line ;
+    scroll-direction get-global
+    [ first swap x>> slide-by-line ]
+    [ second swap y>> slide-by-line ]
+    2bi ;
 
 scroller H{
     { T{ mouse-scroll } [ do-mouse-scroll ] }
@@ -43,30 +43,29 @@ scroller H{
         dup model>> dependencies>> second <y-slider> >>y dup y>> @right  grid-add
 
         tuck model>> <viewport> >>viewport
-        dup viewport>> @center grid-add ;
+        dup viewport>> @center grid-add ; inline
 
 : <scroller> ( gadget -- scroller ) scroller new-scroller ;
 
 : scroll ( value scroller -- )
     [
-        dup viewport>> rect-dim { 0 0 }
-        rot viewport>> viewport-dim 4array flip
+        viewport>> [ rect-dim { 0 0 } ] [ viewport-dim ] bi
+        4array flip
     ] keep
     2dup control-value = [ 2drop ] [ set-control-value ] if ;
 
-: rect-min ( rect1 rect2 -- rect )
-    >r [ rect-loc ] keep r> [ rect-dim ] bi@ vmin <rect> ;
+: rect-min ( rect dim -- rect' )
+    [ [ loc>> ] [ dim>> ] bi ] dip vmin <rect> ;
 
 : (scroll>rect) ( rect scroller -- )
-    [
-        scroller-value vneg offset-rect
-        viewport-gap offset-rect
-    ] keep
-    [ viewport>> rect-min ] keep
-    [
-        viewport>> 2rect-extent
-        >r >r v- { 0 0 } vmin r> r> v- { 0 0 } vmax v+
-    ] keep dup scroller-value rot v+ swap scroll ;
+    [ [ loc>> { 1 1 } v- ] [ dim>> { 1 1 } v+ ] bi <rect> ] dip
+    {
+        [ scroller-value vneg offset-rect viewport-gap offset-rect ]
+        [ viewport>> dim>> rect-min ]
+        [ viewport>> 2rect-extent [ v- { 0 0 } vmin ] [ v- { 0 0 } vmax ] 2bi* v+ ]
+        [ scroller-value v+ ]
+        [ scroll ]
+    } cleave ;
 
 : relative-scroll-rect ( rect gadget scroller -- newrect )
     viewport>> gadget-child relative-loc offset-rect ;
@@ -81,14 +80,17 @@ scroller H{
         [ relative-scroll-rect ] keep
         swap >>follows
         relayout
-    ] [
-        3drop
-    ] if ;
+    ] [ 3drop ] if ;
+
+: (update-scroller) ( scroller -- )
+    [ scroller-value ] keep scroll ;
 
 : (scroll>gadget) ( gadget scroller -- )
-    >r { 0 0 } over pref-dim <rect> swap r>
-    [ relative-scroll-rect ] keep
-    (scroll>rect) ;
+    2dup swap child? [
+        [ [ pref-dim { 0 0 } swap <rect> ] keep ] dip
+        [ relative-scroll-rect ] keep
+        (scroll>rect)
+    ] [ f >>follows (update-scroller) drop ] if ;
 
 : scroll>gadget ( gadget -- )
     dup find-scroller* dup [
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ scroller H{
     ] if ;
 
 : (scroll>bottom) ( scroller -- )
-    dup viewport>> viewport-dim { 0 1 } v* swap scroll ;
+    [ viewport>> viewport-dim { 0 1 } v* ] keep scroll ;
 
 : scroll>bottom ( gadget -- )
     find-scroller [ t >>follows relayout-1 ] when* ;
@@ -115,24 +117,26 @@ M: gadget update-scroller swap (scroll>gadget) ;
 
 M: rect update-scroller swap (scroll>rect) ;
 
-M: f update-scroller drop dup scroller-value swap scroll ;
+M: f update-scroller drop (update-scroller) ;
 
 M: scroller layout*
-    dup call-next-method
-    dup follows>>
-    2dup update-scroller
-    >>follows drop ;
+    [ call-next-method ] [
+        dup follows>>
+        [ update-scroller ] [ >>follows drop ] 2bi
+    ] bi ; 
 
 M: scroller focusable-child*
     viewport>> ;
 
 M: scroller model-changed
-    nip f >>follows drop ;
+    f >>follows 2drop ;
 
-TUPLE: limited-scroller < scroller fixed-dim ;
+TUPLE: limited-scroller < scroller
+{ min-dim initial: { 0 0 } }
+{ max-dim initial: { 1/0. 1/0. } } ;
 
-: <limited-scroller> ( gadget dim -- scroller )
-    >r limited-scroller new-scroller r> >>fixed-dim ;
+: <limited-scroller> ( gadget -- scroller )
+    limited-scroller new-scroller ;
 
 M: limited-scroller pref-dim*
-    fixed-dim>> ;
+    [ call-next-method ] [ min-dim>> vmax ] [ max-dim>> vmin ] tri ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders-docs.factor
index 63284f135d..c130c724d0 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders-docs.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ HELP: elevator
 { $class-description "An elevator is the part of a " { $link slider } " between the up/down arrow buttons, where a " { $link thumb } " may be moved up and down." } ;
 
 HELP: find-elevator
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "elevator/f" "an " { $link elevator } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "elevator/f" { $maybe elevator } } }
 { $description "Finds the first parent of " { $snippet "gadget" } " which is an " { $link elevator } ". Outputs " { $link f } " if the gadget is not contained in an " { $link elevator } "." } ;
 
 HELP: slider
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ $nl
 "Sliders are created by calling " { $link <x-slider> } " or " { $link <y-slider> } "." } ;
 
 HELP: find-slider
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "slider/f" "a " { $link slider } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "slider/f" { $maybe slider } } }
 { $description "Finds the first parent of " { $snippet "gadget" } " which is a " { $link slider } ". Outputs " { $link f } " if the gadget is not contained in a " { $link slider } "." } ;
 
 HELP: thumb
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders.factor
index f42d65f738..9e13e5ad7c 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/sliders/sliders.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: accessors arrays ui.gestures ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.buttons
 ui.gadgets.frames ui.gadgets.grids math.order
 ui.gadgets.theme ui.render kernel math namespaces sequences
 vectors models models.range math.vectors math.functions
-quotations colors math.geometry.rect ;
+quotations colors math.geometry.rect fry ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.sliders
 
 TUPLE: elevator < gadget direction ;
@@ -26,10 +26,11 @@ TUPLE: slider < frame elevator thumb saved line ;
 : slider-max*  ( gadget -- n ) model>> range-max-value*    ;
 
 : thumb-dim ( slider -- h )
-    dup slider-page over slider-max 1 max / 1 min
-    over elevator-length * min-thumb-dim max
-    over elevator>> rect-dim
-    rot orientation>> v. min ;
+    [
+        [ [ slider-page ] [ slider-max 1 max ] bi / 1 min ]
+        [ elevator-length ] bi * min-thumb-dim max
+    ]
+    [ [ elevator>> dim>> ] [ orientation>> ] bi v. ] bi min ;
 
 : slider-scale ( slider -- n )
     #! A scaling factor such that if x is a slider co-ordinate,
@@ -104,13 +105,14 @@ elevator H{
 
 : layout-thumb-loc ( slider -- )
     dup thumb-loc (layout-thumb)
-    >r [ floor ] map r> (>>loc) ;
+    [ [ floor ] map ] dip (>>loc) ;
 
 : layout-thumb-dim ( slider -- )
-    dup dup thumb-dim (layout-thumb) >r
-    >r dup rect-dim r>
-    rot orientation>> set-axis [ ceiling ] map
-    r> (>>dim) ;
+    dup dup thumb-dim (layout-thumb)
+    [
+        [ [ rect-dim ] dip ] [ drop orientation>> ] 2bi set-axis
+        [ ceiling ] map
+    ] dip (>>dim) ;
 
 : layout-thumb ( slider -- )
     dup layout-thumb-loc layout-thumb-dim ;
@@ -121,13 +123,13 @@ M: elevator layout*
 : slide-by-line ( amount slider -- ) [ line>> * ] keep slide-by ;
 
 : <slide-button> ( vector polygon amount -- button )
-    >r gray swap <polygon-gadget> r>
-    [ swap find-slider slide-by-line ] curry <repeat-button>
+    [ gray swap <polygon-gadget> ] dip
+    '[ _ swap find-slider slide-by-line ] <repeat-button>
     swap >>orientation ;
 
 : elevator, ( gadget orientation -- gadget )
     tuck <elevator> >>elevator
-    swap <thumb>    >>thumb
+    swap <thumb> >>thumb
     dup elevator>> over thumb>> add-gadget
     @center grid-add ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/slots/slots.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/slots/slots.factor
index 1cf23e2d06..e04b288a5d 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/slots/slots.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/slots/slots.factor
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ TUPLE: slot-editor < track ref text ;
 GENERIC: finish-editing ( slot-editor ref -- )
 
 M: key-ref finish-editing
-    drop T{ update-object } swap send-gesture drop ;
+    drop T{ update-object } swap propagate-gesture ;
 
 M: value-ref finish-editing
-    drop T{ update-slot } swap send-gesture drop ;
+    drop T{ update-slot } swap propagate-gesture ;
 
 : slot-editor-value ( slot-editor -- object )
     text>> control-value parse-fresh ;
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ M: value-ref finish-editing
 
 : delete ( slot-editor -- )
     dup ref>> delete-ref
-    T{ update-object } swap send-gesture drop ;
+    T{ update-object } swap propagate-gesture ;
 
 \ delete H{
     { +description+ "Delete the slot and close the slot editor." }
 } define-command
 
 : close ( slot-editor -- )
-    T{ update-slot } swap send-gesture drop ;
+    T{ update-slot } swap propagate-gesture ;
 
 \ close H{
     { +description+ "Close the slot editor without saving changes." }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ M: value-ref finish-editing
 : <slot-editor> ( ref -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } slot-editor new-track
         swap >>ref
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add
+        add-toolbar
         <source-editor> >>text
         dup text>> <scroller> 1 track-add
         dup revert ;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ TUPLE: editable-slot < track printer ref ;
 
 : <edit-button> ( -- gadget )
     "..."
-    [ T{ edit-slot } swap send-gesture drop ]
+    [ T{ edit-slot } swap propagate-gesture ]
     <roll-button> ;
 
 : display-slot ( gadget editable-slot -- )
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/status-bar/status-bar.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/status-bar/status-bar.factor
index 431804f4ca..32abcd5466 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/status-bar/status-bar.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/status-bar/status-bar.factor
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ IN: ui.gadgets.status-bar
     open-world-window ;
 
 : show-summary ( object gadget -- )
-    >r [ summary ] [ "" ] if* r> show-status ;
+    [ [ summary ] [ "" ] if* ] dip show-status ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/theme/theme.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/theme/theme.factor
index 5e4a2fbf4c..fa36e61d90 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/theme/theme.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/theme/theme.factor
@@ -17,44 +17,44 @@ IN: ui.gadgets.theme
 
 : selection-color ( -- color ) light-purple ;
 
-: plain-gradient
-    T{ gradient f {
+: plain-gradient ( -- gradient )
+    {
         T{ gray f 0.94 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.83 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.83 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.62 1.0 }
-    } } ;
+    } <gradient> ;
 
-: rollover-gradient
-    T{ gradient f {
+: rollover-gradient ( -- gradient )
+    {
         T{ gray f 1.0  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.9  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.9  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.75 1.0 }
-    } } ;
+    } <gradient> ;
 
-: pressed-gradient
-    T{ gradient f {
+: pressed-gradient ( -- gradient )
+    {
         T{ gray f 0.75 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.9  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.9  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 1.0  1.0 }
-    } } ;
+    } <gradient> ;
 
-: selected-gradient
-    T{ gradient f {
+: selected-gradient ( -- gradient )
+    {
         T{ gray f 0.65 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.8  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.8  1.0 }
         T{ gray f 1.0  1.0 }
-    } } ;
+    } <gradient> ;
 
-: lowered-gradient
-    T{ gradient f {
+: lowered-gradient ( -- gradient )
+    {
         T{ gray f 0.37 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.43 1.0 }
         T{ gray f 0.5  1.0 }
-    } } ;
+    } <gradient> ;
 
 : sans-serif-font { "sans-serif" plain 12 } ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks-tests.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks-tests.factor
index 93f2d14528..5381eebb01 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks-tests.factor
@@ -14,3 +14,10 @@ IN: ui.gadgets.tracks.tests
         <gadget> { 100 100 } >>dim 1 track-add
     pref-dim
 ] unit-test
+
+[ { 10 10 } ] [
+    { 0 1 } <track>
+        <gadget> { 10 10 } >>dim 1 track-add
+        <gadget> { 10 10 } >>dim 0 track-add
+    pref-dim
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks.factor
index 5a9683ceff..ddc7cf18fd 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/tracks/tracks.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors io kernel math namespaces
-       sequences words math.vectors ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.packs
-       math.geometry.rect fry ;
+USING: accessors io kernel namespaces fry
+math math.vectors math.geometry.rect math.order
+sequences words ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.packs ;
 
 IN: ui.gadgets.tracks
 
@@ -35,13 +35,17 @@ TUPLE: track < pack sizes ;
 
 M: track layout* ( track -- ) dup track-layout pack-layout ;
 
-: track-pref-dims-1 ( track -- dim ) children>> pref-dims max-dim ;
+: track-pref-dims-1 ( track -- dim )
+    children>> pref-dims max-dim ;
 
 : track-pref-dims-2 ( track -- dim )
-    [ children>> pref-dims ] [ normalized-sizes ] bi
-    [ [ v/n ] when* ] 2map
-    max-dim
-    [ >fixnum ] map ;
+    [
+        [ children>> pref-dims ] [ normalized-sizes ] bi
+        [ dup { 0 f } memq? [ drop ] [ v/n ] if ] 2map
+        max-dim [ >fixnum ] map
+    ]
+    [ [ gap>> ] [ children>> length 1 [-] ] bi v*n ] bi
+    v+ ;
 
 M: track pref-dim* ( gadget -- dim )
     [ track-pref-dims-1 ]
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/viewports/viewports.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/viewports/viewports.factor
index 5f714a526b..f01ef3bf42 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/viewports/viewports.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/viewports/viewports.factor
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ TUPLE: viewport < gadget ;
         swap add-gadget ;
 
 M: viewport layout*
-    dup rect-dim viewport-gap 2 v*n v-
-    over gadget-child pref-dim vmax
-    swap gadget-child (>>dim) ;
+    [
+        [ rect-dim viewport-gap 2 v*n v- ]
+        [ gadget-child pref-dim ]
+        bi vmax
+    ] [ gadget-child ] bi (>>dim) ;
 
 M: viewport focusable-child*
     gadget-child ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds-docs.factor
index 122d14eed7..35781fa568 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds-docs.factor
@@ -46,10 +46,27 @@ HELP: <world>
 { $description "Creates a new " { $link world } " delegating to the given gadget." } ;
 
 HELP: find-world
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "world/f" "a " { $link world } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } { "world/f" { $maybe world } } }
 { $description "Finds the " { $link world } " containing the gadget, or outputs " { $link f } " if the gadget is not grafted." } ;
 
 HELP: draw-world
 { $values { "world" world } }
 { $description "Redraws a world." }
 { $notes "This word should only be called by the UI backend. To force a gadget to redraw from user code, call " { $link relayout-1 } "." } ;
+
+HELP: find-gl-context
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } }
+{ $description "Makes the OpenGL context of the gadget's containing native window the current OpenGL context." }
+{ $notes "This word should be called from " { $link graft* } " and " { $link ungraft* } " methods which need to allocate and deallocate OpenGL resources, such as textures, display lists, and so on." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "ui-paint-custom" "Implementing custom drawing logic"
+"The UI uses OpenGL to render gadgets. Custom rendering logic can be plugged in with the " { $link "ui-pen-protocol" } ", or by implementing a generic word:"
+{ $subsection draw-gadget* }
+"Custom drawing code has access to the full OpenGL API in the " { $vocab-link "opengl" } " vocabulary."
+$nl
+"Gadgets which need to allocate and deallocate OpenGL resources such as textures, display lists, and so on, should perform the allocation in the " { $link graft* } " method, and the deallocation in the " { $link ungraft* } " method. Since those words are not necessarily called with the gadget's OpenGL context active, a utility word can be used to find and make the correct OpenGL context current:"
+{ $subsection find-gl-context }
+"OpenGL state must not be altered as a result of drawing a gadget, so any flags which were enabled should be disabled, and vice versa."
+{ $subsection "ui-paint-coord" }
+{ $subsection "gl-utilities" }
+{ $subsection "text-rendering" } ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds.factor b/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds.factor
index 6f901c37ee..68a2a18210 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gadgets/worlds/worlds.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays assocs continuations kernel math models
-namespaces opengl sequences io combinators math.vectors
+namespaces opengl sequences io combinators fry math.vectors
 ui.gadgets ui.gestures ui.render ui.backend ui.gadgets.tracks
 debugger math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.gadgets.worlds
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ERROR: no-world-found ;
 
 : (request-focus) ( child world ? -- )
     pick parent>> pick eq? [
-        >r >r dup parent>> dup r> r>
+        [ dup parent>> dup ] 2dip
         [ (request-focus) ] keep
     ] unless focus-child ;
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ M: world request-focus-on ( child gadget -- )
 M: world layout*
     dup call-next-method
     dup glass>> [
-        >r dup rect-dim r> (>>dim)
+        [ dup rect-dim ] dip (>>dim)
     ] when* drop ;
 
 M: world focusable-child* gadget-child ;
@@ -67,9 +67,7 @@ M: world children-on nip children>> ;
 : draw-world? ( world -- ? )
     #! We don't draw deactivated worlds, or those with 0 size.
     #! On Windows, the latter case results in GL errors.
-    dup active?>>
-    over handle>>
-    rot rect-dim [ 0 > ] all? and and ;
+    [ active?>> ] [ handle>> ] [ dim>> [ 0 > ] all? ] tri and and ;
 
 TUPLE: world-error error world ;
 
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ SYMBOL: ui-error-hook
 : ui-error ( error -- )
     ui-error-hook get [ call ] [ print-error ] if* ;
 
-[ rethrow ] ui-error-hook set-global
+ui-error-hook global [ [ rethrow ] or ] change-at
 
 : draw-world ( world -- )
     dup draw-world? [
@@ -103,10 +101,28 @@ world H{
     { T{ key-down f { C+ } "a" } [ T{ select-all-action } send-action ] }
     { T{ button-down f { C+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-down f f 3 } button-gesture ] }
     { T{ button-down f { A+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-down f f 2 } button-gesture ] }
+    { T{ button-down f { M+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-down f f 2 } button-gesture ] }
     { T{ button-up f { C+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-up f f 3 } button-gesture ] }
     { T{ button-up f { A+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-up f f 2 } button-gesture ] }
+    { T{ button-up f { M+ } 1 } [ drop T{ button-up f f 2 } button-gesture ] }
 } set-gestures
 
+PREDICATE: specific-button-up < button-up #>> ;
+PREDICATE: specific-button-down < button-down #>> ;
+PREDICATE: specific-drag < drag #>> ;
+
+: generalize-gesture ( gesture -- )
+    clone f >># button-gesture ;
+
+M: world handle-gesture ( gesture gadget -- ? )
+    2dup call-next-method [
+        {
+            { [ over specific-button-up? ] [ drop generalize-gesture f ] }
+            { [ over specific-button-down? ] [ drop generalize-gesture f ] }
+            { [ over specific-drag? ] [ drop generalize-gesture f ] }
+            [ 2drop t ]
+        } cond
+    ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+
 : close-global ( world global -- )
-    dup get-global find-world rot eq?
-    [ f swap set-global ] [ drop ] if ;
+    [ get-global find-world eq? ] keep '[ f _ set-global ] when ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/gestures/gestures-docs.factor b/basis/ui/gestures/gestures-docs.factor
index 0575ff17f0..602d3fd425 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gestures/gestures-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gestures/gestures-docs.factor
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ $nl
 "The default implementation looks at the " { $snippet "\"gestures\"" } " word property of each superclass of the gadget's class." }
 { $notes "Methods should be defined on this word if you desire to handle an arbitrary set of gestures. To define handlers for a fixed set, it is easier to use " { $link set-gestures } "." } ;
 
-{ send-gesture handle-gesture set-gestures } related-words
+{ propagate-gesture handle-gesture set-gestures } related-words
 
-HELP: send-gesture
-{ $values { "gesture" "a gesture" } { "gadget" gadget } { "?" "a boolean" } }
-{ $description "Calls " { $link send-gesture } " on every parent of " { $snippet "gadget" } ". Outputs " { $link f } " if some parent handled the gesture, else outputs " { $link t } "." } ;
+HELP: propagate-gesture
+{ $values { "gesture" "a gesture" } { "gadget" gadget } }
+{ $description "Calls " { $link handle-gesture } " on every parent of " { $snippet "gadget" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: user-input
-{ $values { "str" string } { "gadget" gadget } }
+{ $values { "string" string } { "gadget" gadget } }
 { $description "Calls " { $link user-input* } " on every parent of the gadget." } ;
 
 HELP: motion
@@ -90,10 +90,6 @@ HELP: select-all-action
 { $class-description "Gesture sent when the " { $emphasis "select all" } " standard window system action is invoked." }
 { $examples { $code "T{ select-all-action }" } } ;
 
-HELP: generalize-gesture
-{ $values { "gesture" "a gesture" } { "newgesture" "a new gesture" } }
-{ $description "Turns a " { $link button-down } ", " { $link button-up } " or " { $link drag } " action naming a specific mouse button into one which can apply regardless of which mouse button was pressed." } ;
-
 HELP: C+
 { $description "Control key modifier." } ;
 
@@ -147,7 +143,7 @@ HELP: hand-last-button
 { $var-description "Global variable. The mouse button most recently pressed." } ;
 
 HELP: hand-last-time
-{ $var-description "Global variable. The timestamp of the most recent mouse button click. This timestamp has the same format as the output value of " { $link millis } "." } ;
+{ $var-description "Global variable. The timestamp of the most recent mouse button click. This timestamp has the same format as the output value of " { $link micros } "." } ;
 
 HELP: hand-buttons
 { $var-description "Global variable. A vector of mouse buttons currently held down." } ;
@@ -189,12 +185,49 @@ HELP: under-hand
 { $description "Outputs a sequence where the first element is the " { $link hand-world } " and the last is the " { $link hand-gadget } ", with all parents in between." } ;
 
 HELP: gesture>string
-{ $values { "gesture" "a gesture" } { "string/f" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "gesture" "a gesture" } { "string/f" { $maybe string } } }
 { $contract "Creates a human-readable string from a gesture object, returning " { $link f } " if the gesture does not have a human-readable form." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: io ui.gestures ;" "T{ key-down f { C+ } \"x\" } gesture>string print" "C+x" }
 } ;
 
+HELP: left-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch three-finger swipe left." } ;
+
+HELP: right-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch three-finger swipe right." } ;
+
+HELP: up-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch three-finger swipe up." } ;
+
+HELP: down-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch three-finger swipe down." } ;
+
+HELP: zoom-in-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch two-finger pinch in." } ;
+
+HELP: zoom-out-action
+{ $class-description "Gesture sent when the user performs a multi-touch two-finger pinch out." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "gesture-differences" "Gesture handling differences between platforms"
+"On Mac OS X, the modifier keys map as follows:"
+{ $table
+    { { $link S+ } "Shift" }
+    { { $link A+ } "Command (Apple)" }
+    { { $link C+ } "Control" }
+    { { $link M+ } "Option" }
+}
+"On Windows and X11:"
+{ $table
+    { { $link S+ } "Shift" }
+    { { $link A+ } "Alt" }
+    { { $link C+ } "Control" }
+    { { $link M+ } "Windows key" }
+}
+"On Windows, " { $link key-up } " gestures are not reported for all keyboard events."
+$nl
+{ $link "multitouch-gestures" } " are only supported on Mac OS X." ;
+
 ARTICLE: "ui-gestures" "UI gestures"
 "User actions such as keyboard input and mouse button clicks deliver " { $emphasis "gestures" } " to gadgets. If the direct receiver of the gesture does not handle it, the gesture is passed on to the receiver's parent, and this way it travels up the gadget hierarchy. Gestures which are not handled at some point are ignored."
 $nl
@@ -211,6 +244,9 @@ $nl
 { $subsection "ui-user-input" }
 "Mouse input:"
 { $subsection "mouse-gestures" }
+{ $subsection "multitouch-gestures" }
+"Guidelines for cross-platform applications:"
+{ $subsection "gesture-differences" }
 "Abstractions built on top of gestures:"
 { $subsection "ui-commands" }
 { $subsection "ui-operations" } ;
@@ -305,6 +341,18 @@ $nl
 "Global variable set when a mouse scroll wheel gesture is sent:"
 { $subsection scroll-direction } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "multitouch-gestures" "Multi-touch gestures"
+"Multi-touch gestures are only supported on Mac OS X with newer MacBook and MacBook Pro models."
+$nl
+"Three-finger swipe:"
+{ $subsection left-action }
+{ $subsection right-action }
+{ $subsection up-action }
+{ $subsection down-action }
+"Two-finger pinch:"
+{ $subsection zoom-in-action }
+{ $subsection zoom-out-action } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "action-gestures" "Action gestures"
 "Action gestures exist to keep keyboard shortcuts for common clipboard operations consistent."
 { $subsection cut-action }
diff --git a/basis/ui/gestures/gestures.factor b/basis/ui/gestures/gestures.factor
index 2a29d32055..5faaa93292 100644
--- a/basis/ui/gestures/gestures.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/gestures/gestures.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays assocs kernel math models namespaces
-make sequences words strings system hashtables math.parser
-math.vectors classes.tuple classes ui.gadgets boxes calendar
-alarms symbols combinators sets columns ;
+USING: accessors arrays assocs kernel math math.order models
+namespaces make sequences words strings system hashtables
+math.parser math.vectors classes.tuple classes boxes calendar
+alarms symbols combinators sets columns fry deques ui.gadgets ;
 IN: ui.gestures
 
-: set-gestures ( class hash -- ) "gestures" set-word-prop ;
-
 GENERIC: handle-gesture ( gesture gadget -- ? )
 
 M: object handle-gesture
@@ -15,13 +13,42 @@ M: object handle-gesture
     [ "gestures" word-prop ] map
     assoc-stack dup [ call f ] [ 2drop t ] if ;
 
-: send-gesture ( gesture gadget -- ? )
-    [ dupd handle-gesture ] each-parent nip ;
+: set-gestures ( class hash -- ) "gestures" set-word-prop ;
 
-: user-input ( str gadget -- )
-    over empty?
-    [ [ dupd user-input* ] each-parent ] unless
-    2drop ;
+: gesture-queue ( -- deque ) \ gesture-queue get ;
+
+GENERIC: send-queued-gesture ( request -- )
+
+TUPLE: send-gesture gesture gadget ;
+
+M: send-gesture send-queued-gesture
+    [ gesture>> ] [ gadget>> ] bi handle-gesture drop ;
+
+: queue-gesture ( ... class -- )
+    boa gesture-queue push-front notify-ui-thread ; inline
+
+: send-gesture ( gesture gadget -- )
+    \ send-gesture queue-gesture ;
+
+: each-gesture ( gesture seq -- ) [ send-gesture ] with each ;
+
+TUPLE: propagate-gesture gesture gadget ;
+
+M: propagate-gesture send-queued-gesture
+    [ gesture>> ] [ gadget>> ] bi
+    [ handle-gesture ] with each-parent drop ;
+
+: propagate-gesture ( gesture gadget -- )
+    \ propagate-gesture queue-gesture ;
+
+TUPLE: user-input string gadget ;
+
+M: user-input send-queued-gesture
+    [ string>> ] [ gadget>> ] bi
+    [ user-input* ] with each-parent drop ;
+
+: user-input ( string gadget -- )
+    '[ _ \ user-input queue-gesture ] unless-empty ;
 
 ! Gesture objects
 TUPLE: motion ;             C: <motion> motion
@@ -46,11 +73,8 @@ TUPLE: right-action ;       C: <right-action> right-action
 TUPLE: up-action ;          C: <up-action> up-action
 TUPLE: down-action ;        C: <down-action> down-action
 
-TUPLE: zoom-in-action ;  C: <zoom-in-action> zoom-in-action
-TUPLE: zoom-out-action ; C: <zoom-out-action> zoom-out-action
-
-: generalize-gesture ( gesture -- newgesture )
-    clone f >># ;
+TUPLE: zoom-in-action ;     C: <zoom-in-action> zoom-in-action
+TUPLE: zoom-out-action ;    C: <zoom-out-action> zoom-out-action
 
 ! Modifiers
 SYMBOLS: C+ A+ M+ S+ ;
@@ -58,7 +82,7 @@ SYMBOLS: C+ A+ M+ S+ ;
 TUPLE: key-down mods sym ;
 
 : <key-gesture> ( mods sym action? class -- mods' sym' )
-    >r [ S+ rot remove swap ] unless r> boa ; inline
+    [ [ [ S+ swap remove f like ] dip ] unless ] dip boa ; inline
 
 : <key-down> ( mods sym action? -- key-down )
     key-down <key-gesture> ;
@@ -85,7 +109,7 @@ SYMBOL: hand-click#
 SYMBOL: hand-last-button
 SYMBOL: hand-last-time
 0 hand-last-button set-global
-0 hand-last-time set-global
+<zero> hand-last-time set-global
 
 SYMBOL: hand-buttons
 V{ } clone hand-buttons set-global
@@ -94,17 +118,13 @@ SYMBOL: scroll-direction
 { 0 0 } scroll-direction set-global
 
 SYMBOL: double-click-timeout
-300 double-click-timeout set-global
+300 milliseconds double-click-timeout set-global
 
 : hand-moved? ( -- ? )
     hand-loc get hand-click-loc get = not ;
 
 : button-gesture ( gesture -- )
-    hand-clicked get-global 2dup send-gesture [
-        >r generalize-gesture r> send-gesture drop
-    ] [
-        2drop
-    ] if ;
+    hand-clicked get-global propagate-gesture ;
 
 : drag-gesture ( -- )
     hand-buttons get-global
@@ -130,14 +150,11 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
 
 : fire-motion ( -- )
     hand-buttons get-global empty? [
-        T{ motion } hand-gadget get-global send-gesture drop
+        T{ motion } hand-gadget get-global propagate-gesture
     ] [
         drag-gesture
     ] if ;
 
-: each-gesture ( gesture seq -- )
-    [ handle-gesture drop ] with each ;
-
 : hand-gestures ( new old -- )
     drop-prefix <reversed>
     T{ mouse-leave } swap each-gesture
@@ -145,15 +162,15 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
 
 : forget-rollover ( -- )
     f hand-world set-global
-    hand-gadget get-global >r
-    f hand-gadget set-global
-    f r> parents hand-gestures ;
+    hand-gadget get-global
+    [ f hand-gadget set-global f ] dip
+    parents hand-gestures ;
 
 : send-lose-focus ( gadget -- )
-    T{ lose-focus } swap handle-gesture drop ;
+    T{ lose-focus } swap send-gesture ;
 
 : send-gain-focus ( gadget -- )
-    T{ gain-focus } swap handle-gesture drop ;
+    T{ gain-focus } swap send-gesture ;
 
 : focus-child ( child gadget ? -- )
     [
@@ -182,13 +199,13 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
     hand-click-loc get-global swap screen-loc v- ;
 
 : multi-click-timeout? ( -- ? )
-    millis hand-last-time get - double-click-timeout get <= ;
+    now hand-last-time get time- double-click-timeout get before=? ;
 
 : multi-click-button? ( button -- button ? )
     dup hand-last-button get = ;
 
 : multi-click-position? ( -- ? )
-    hand-loc get hand-click-loc get v- norm-sq 100 <= ;
+    hand-loc get hand-click-loc get distance 10 <= ;
 
 : multi-click? ( button -- ? )
     {
@@ -207,7 +224,7 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
             1 hand-click# set
         ] if
         hand-last-button set
-        millis hand-last-time set
+        now hand-last-time set
     ] bind ;
 
 : update-clicked ( -- )
@@ -219,9 +236,11 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
 
 : move-hand ( loc world -- )
     dup hand-world set-global
-    under-hand >r over hand-loc set-global
-    pick-up hand-gadget set-global
-    under-hand r> hand-gestures ;
+    under-hand [
+        over hand-loc set-global
+        pick-up hand-gadget set-global
+        under-hand
+    ] dip hand-gestures ;
 
 : send-button-down ( gesture loc world -- )
     move-hand
@@ -240,14 +259,13 @@ SYMBOL: drag-timer
 : send-wheel ( direction loc world -- )
     move-hand
     scroll-direction set-global
-    T{ mouse-scroll } hand-gadget get-global send-gesture
-    drop ;
+    T{ mouse-scroll } hand-gadget get-global propagate-gesture ;
 
 : world-focus ( world -- gadget )
     dup focus>> [ world-focus ] [ ] ?if ;
 
 : send-action ( world gesture -- )
-    swap world-focus send-gesture drop ;
+    swap world-focus propagate-gesture ;
 
 GENERIC: gesture>string ( gesture -- string/f )
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/operations/operations-docs.factor b/basis/ui/operations/operations-docs.factor
index ebdf3eee1f..d05519f46a 100644
--- a/basis/ui/operations/operations-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/operations/operations-docs.factor
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ HELP: object-operations
 { $description "Outputs a sequence of operations applicable to the given object, by testing each defined operation's " { $snippet "predicate" } " quotation in turn." } ;
 
 HELP: primary-operation
-{ $values { "obj" object } { "operation" "an " { $link operation  } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "operation" { $maybe operation } } }
 { $description "Outputs the operation which should be invoked when a presentation of " { $snippet "obj" } " is clicked." } ;
 
 HELP: secondary-operation
-{ $values { "obj" object } { "operation" "an " { $link operation  } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "obj" object } { "operation" { $maybe operation } } }
 { $description "Outputs the operation which should be invoked when a " { $snippet "RET" } " is pressed while a presentation of " { $snippet "obj" } " is selected in a list." } ;
 
 HELP: define-operation
-{ $values { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- ? )" } } { "command" word } { "flags" hashtable } }
+{ $values { "pred" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } } { "command" word } { "flags" hashtable } }
 { $description "Defines an operation on objects matching the predicate. The hashtable can contain the following keys:"
     { $list
         { { $link +listener+ } " - if set to a true value, the operation will run in the listener" }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ HELP: define-operation
 } ;
 
 HELP: define-operation-map
-{ $values { "class" "a class word" } { "group" string } { "blurb" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } { "object" object } { "hook" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } ", or " { $link f } } { "translator" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } ", or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "class" "a class word" } { "group" string } { "blurb" { $maybe string } } { "object" object } { "hook" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } ", or " { $link f } } { "translator" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } ", or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Defines a command map named " { $snippet "group" } " on " { $snippet "class" } " consisting of operations applicable to " { $snippet "object" } ". The hook quotation is applied to the target gadget; the translator quotation is applied to the result of the hook. Finally the result of the translator is passed to the operation. A distinction is drawn between the hook and the translator because for listener operations, the hook runs in the event loop and the translator runs in the listener. This avoids polluting the listener output with large prettyprinted gadgets and long quotations." } ;
 
 HELP: $operations
diff --git a/basis/ui/operations/operations.factor b/basis/ui/operations/operations.factor
index 8e83f69edb..bcfca946dd 100644
--- a/basis/ui/operations/operations.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/operations/operations.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays definitions kernel ui.commands
 ui.gestures sequences strings math words generic namespaces make
-hashtables help.markup quotations assocs ;
+hashtables help.markup quotations assocs fry ;
 IN: ui.operations
 
 SYMBOL: +keyboard+
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SYMBOL: operations
     operations get [ predicate>> call ] with filter ;
 
 : find-operation ( obj quot -- command )
-    >r object-operations r> find-last nip ; inline
+    [ object-operations ] dip find-last nip ; inline
 
 : primary-operation ( obj -- operation )
     [ command>> +primary+ word-prop ] find-operation ;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ SYMBOL: operations
         t >>listener? ;
 
 : modify-operations ( operations hook translator -- operations )
-    rot [ modify-operation ] with with map ;
+    '[ [ _ _ ] dip modify-operation ] map ;
 
 : operations>commands ( object hook translator -- pairs )
     [ object-operations ] 2dip modify-operations
diff --git a/basis/ui/render/render-docs.factor b/basis/ui/render/render-docs.factor
index fc16ed9345..7f88a904ec 100644
--- a/basis/ui/render/render-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/render/render-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 USING: ui.gadgets ui.gestures help.markup help.syntax
-kernel classes strings opengl.gl models math.geometry.rect ;
+kernel classes strings opengl opengl.gl models
+math.geometry.rect ;
 IN: ui.render
 
 HELP: gadget
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ HELP: polygon
 } ;
 
 HELP: <polygon>
-{ $values { "color" "a color specifier" } { "points" "a sequence of points" } }
+{ $values { "color" "a color specifier" } { "points" "a sequence of points" } { "polygon" polygon } }
 { $description "Creates a new instance of " { $link polygon } "." } ;
 
 HELP: <polygon-gadget>
@@ -128,21 +129,11 @@ $nl
 { $subsection draw-string }
 { $subsection draw-text } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "ui-paint-custom" "Implementing custom drawing logic"
-"The UI uses OpenGL to render gadgets. Custom rendering logic can be plugged in with the " { $link "ui-pen-protocol" } ", or by implementing a generic word:"
-{ $subsection draw-gadget* }
-"Custom drawing code has access to the full OpenGL API in the " { $vocab-link "opengl" } " vocabulary."
-$nl
+ARTICLE: "ui-paint-coord" "The UI co-ordinate system"
 "The UI uses a co-ordinate system where the y axis is oriented down. The OpenGL " { $link GL_MODELVIEW } " matrix is not saved or restored when rendering a gadget. Instead, the origin of the gadget relative to the OpenGL context is stored in a variable:"
 { $subsection origin }
-"Custom drawing implementations can translate co-ordinates manually, or save and restore the " { $link GL_MODELVIEW } " matrix."
+"Custom drawing implementations can translate co-ordinates manually, or save and restore the " { $link GL_MODELVIEW } " matrix using a word such as " { $link with-translation } "."
 $nl
-"OpenGL state must not be altered as a result of drawing a gadget, so any flags which were enabled should be disabled, and vice versa."
-$nl
-"Gadgets must not draw outside of their bounding box, however clipping is not enforced by default, for performance reasons. This can be changed by setting the " { $snippet "clipped?" } " slot to " { $link t } " in the gadget's constructor."
-$nl
-"Saving the " { $link GL_MODELVIEW } " matrix and enabling/disabling flags can be done in a clean way using the combinators documented in the following section."
-{ $subsection "gl-utilities" }
-{ $subsection "text-rendering" } ;
+"Gadgets must not draw outside of their bounding box, however clipping is not enforced by default, for performance reasons. This can be changed by setting the " { $slot "clipped?" } " slot to " { $link t } " in the gadget's constructor." ;
 
 ABOUT: "ui-paint-custom"
diff --git a/basis/ui/render/render.factor b/basis/ui/render/render.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 9aacf1c724..5cbac9798a
--- a/basis/ui/render/render.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/render/render.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors alien arrays hashtables io kernel math namespaces opengl
-opengl.gl opengl.glu sequences strings io.styles vectors
-combinators math.vectors ui.gadgets colors
-math.order math.geometry.rect ;
+USING: accessors alien alien.c-types arrays hashtables io kernel
+math namespaces opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu sequences strings
+io.styles vectors combinators math.vectors ui.gadgets colors
+math.order math.geometry.rect locals specialized-arrays.float ;
 IN: ui.render
 
 SYMBOL: clip
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYMBOL: viewport-translation
 
 : flip-rect ( rect -- loc dim )
     rect-bounds [
-        >r { 1 -1 } v* r> { 0 -1 } v* v+
+        [ { 1 -1 } v* ] dip { 0 -1 } v* v+
         viewport-translation get v+
     ] keep ;
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ SYMBOL: viewport-translation
 : init-clip ( clip-rect rect -- )
     GL_SCISSOR_TEST glEnable
     [ rect-intersect ] keep
-    rect-dim dup { 0 1 } v* viewport-translation set
+    dim>> dup { 0 1 } v* viewport-translation set
     { 0 0 } over gl-viewport
     0 swap first2 0 gluOrtho2D
     clip set
@@ -31,12 +31,13 @@ SYMBOL: viewport-translation
     GL_SMOOTH glShadeModel
     GL_BLEND glEnable
     GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA glBlendFunc
+    GL_VERTEX_ARRAY glEnableClientState
     init-matrices
     init-clip
     ! white gl-clear is broken w.r.t window resizing
     ! Linux/PPC Radeon 9200
-    white set-color
-    clip get rect-extent gl-fill-rect ;
+    white gl-color
+    clip get dim>> gl-fill-rect ;
 
 GENERIC: draw-gadget* ( gadget -- )
 
@@ -60,10 +61,15 @@ DEFER: draw-gadget
 : (draw-gadget) ( gadget -- )
     [
         dup translate
-        dup dup interior>> draw-interior
+        dup interior>> [
+            origin get [ dupd draw-interior ] with-translation
+        ] when*
         dup draw-gadget*
         dup visible-children [ draw-gadget ] each
-        dup boundary>> draw-boundary
+        dup boundary>> [
+            origin get [ dupd draw-boundary ] with-translation
+        ] when*
+        drop
     ] with-scope ;
 
 : >absolute ( rect -- rect )
@@ -73,9 +79,7 @@ DEFER: draw-gadget
     >absolute clip [ rect-intersect ] change ;
 
 : with-clipping ( gadget quot -- )
-    clip get >r
-    over change-clip do-clip call
-    r> clip set do-clip ; inline
+    clip get [ over change-clip do-clip call ] dip clip set do-clip ; inline
 
 : draw-gadget ( gadget -- )
     {
@@ -84,51 +88,108 @@ DEFER: draw-gadget
         [ [ (draw-gadget) ] with-clipping ]
     } cond ;
 
-! Pen paint properties
-M: f draw-interior 2drop ;
-M: f draw-boundary 2drop ;
+! A pen that caches vertex arrays, etc
+TUPLE: caching-pen last-dim ;
+
+GENERIC: recompute-pen ( gadget pen -- )
+
+: compute-pen ( gadget pen -- )
+    2dup [ dim>> ] [ last-dim>> ] bi* = [
+        2drop
+    ] [
+        [ swap dim>> >>last-dim drop ] [ recompute-pen ] 2bi
+    ] if ;
 
 ! Solid fill/border
-TUPLE: solid color ;
+TUPLE: solid < caching-pen color interior-vertices boundary-vertices ;
 
-C: <solid> solid
+: <solid> ( color -- solid ) solid new swap >>color ;
+
+M: solid recompute-pen
+    swap dim>>
+    [ (fill-rect-vertices) >>interior-vertices ]
+    [ (rect-vertices) >>boundary-vertices ]
+    bi drop ;
+
+<PRIVATE
 
 ! Solid pen
-: (solid) ( gadget paint -- loc dim )
-    color>> set-color rect-dim >r origin get dup r> v+ ;
+: (solid) ( gadget pen -- )
+    [ compute-pen ] [ color>> gl-color ] bi ;
 
-M: solid draw-interior (solid) gl-fill-rect ;
+PRIVATE>
 
-M: solid draw-boundary (solid) gl-rect ;
+M: solid draw-interior
+    [ (solid) ] [ interior-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ] bi
+    (gl-fill-rect) ;
+
+M: solid draw-boundary
+    [ (solid) ] [ boundary-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ] bi
+    (gl-rect) ;
 
 ! Gradient pen
-TUPLE: gradient colors ;
+TUPLE: gradient < caching-pen colors last-vertices last-colors ;
 
-C: <gradient> gradient
+: <gradient> ( colors -- gradient ) gradient new swap >>colors ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+:: gradient-vertices ( direction dim colors -- seq )
+    direction dim v* dim over v- swap
+    colors length dup 1- v/n [ v*n ] with map
+    [ dup rot v+ 2array ] with map
+    concat concat >float-array ;
+
+: gradient-colors ( colors -- seq )
+    [ color>raw 4array dup 2array ] map concat concat
+    >float-array ;
+
+M: gradient recompute-pen ( gadget gradient -- )
+    tuck
+    [ [ orientation>> ] [ dim>> ] bi ] [ colors>> ] bi*
+    [ gradient-vertices >>last-vertices ]
+    [ gradient-colors >>last-colors ] bi
+    drop ;
+
+: draw-gradient ( colors -- )
+    GL_COLOR_ARRAY [
+        [ GL_QUAD_STRIP 0 ] dip length 2 * glDrawArrays
+    ] do-enabled-client-state ;
+
+PRIVATE>
 
 M: gradient draw-interior
-    origin get [
-        over orientation>>
-        swap colors>>
-        rot rect-dim
-        gl-gradient
-    ] with-translation ;
+    {
+        [ compute-pen ]
+        [ last-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ]
+        [ last-colors>> gl-color-pointer ]
+        [ colors>> draw-gradient ]
+    } cleave ;
 
 ! Polygon pen
-TUPLE: polygon color points ;
+TUPLE: polygon color
+interior-vertices
+interior-count
+boundary-vertices
+boundary-count ;
 
-C: <polygon> polygon
-
-: draw-polygon ( polygon quot -- )
-    origin get [
-        >r dup color>> set-color points>> r> call
-    ] with-translation ; inline
+: <polygon> ( color points -- polygon )
+    dup close-path [ [ concat >float-array ] [ length ] bi ] bi@
+    polygon boa ;
 
 M: polygon draw-boundary
-    [ gl-poly ] draw-polygon drop ;
+    nip
+    [ color>> gl-color ]
+    [ boundary-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ]
+    [ [ GL_LINE_STRIP 0 ] dip boundary-count>> glDrawArrays ]
+    tri ;
 
 M: polygon draw-interior
-    [ gl-fill-poly ] draw-polygon drop ;
+    nip
+    [ color>> gl-color ]
+    [ interior-vertices>> gl-vertex-pointer ]
+    [ [ GL_POLYGON 0 ] dip interior-count>> glDrawArrays ]
+    tri ;
 
 : arrow-up    { { 3 0 } { 6 6 } { 0 6 } } ;
 : arrow-right { { 0 0 } { 6 3 } { 0 6 } } ;
@@ -138,7 +199,7 @@ M: polygon draw-interior
 
 : <polygon-gadget> ( color points -- gadget )
     dup max-dim
-    >r <polygon> <gadget> r> >>dim
+    [ <polygon> <gadget> ] dip >>dim
     swap >>interior ;
 
 ! Font rendering
@@ -167,7 +228,7 @@ HOOK: free-fonts font-renderer ( world -- )
     dup string? [
         string-width
     ] [
-        0 -rot [ string-width max ] with each
+        [ 0 ] 2dip [ string-width max ] with each
     ] if ;
 
 : text-dim ( open-font text -- dim )
@@ -180,7 +241,7 @@ HOOK: free-fonts font-renderer ( world -- )
         [
             [
                 2dup { 0 0 } draw-string
-                >r open-font r> string-height
+                [ open-font ] dip string-height
                 0.0 swap 0.0 glTranslated
             ] with each
         ] with-translation
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/browser/browser.factor b/basis/ui/tools/browser/browser.factor
index 83a3b7ff68..becb401fa6 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/browser/browser.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/browser/browser.factor
@@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ USING: debugger ui.tools.workspace help help.topics kernel
 models models.history ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.panes
 ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gestures
 ui.gadgets.buttons compiler.units assocs words vocabs
-accessors ;
+accessors fry combinators.short-circuit ;
 IN: ui.tools.browser
 
 TUPLE: browser-gadget < track pane history ;
 
 : show-help ( link help -- )
-    dup history>> add-history
-    >r >link r> history>> set-model ;
+    history>> dup add-history
+    [ >link ] dip set-model ;
 
 : <help-pane> ( browser-gadget -- gadget )
-    history>> [ [ help ] curry try ] <pane-control> ;
+    history>> [ '[ _ print-topic ] try ] <pane-control> ;
 
 : init-history ( browser-gadget -- )
     "handbook" >link <history> >>history drop ;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ TUPLE: browser-gadget < track pane history ;
 : <browser-gadget> ( -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } browser-gadget new-track
         dup init-history
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add
+        add-toolbar
         dup <help-pane> >>pane
         dup pane>> <scroller> 1 track-add ;
 
@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@ M: browser-gadget ungraft*
     [ call-next-method ] [ remove-definition-observer ] bi ;
 
 : showing-definition? ( defspec assoc -- ? )
-    [ key? ] 2keep
-    [ >r dup word-link? [ name>> ] when r> key? ] 2keep
-    >r dup vocab-link? [ vocab ] when r> key?
-    or or ;
+    {
+        [ key? ]
+        [ [ dup word-link? [ name>> ] when ] dip key? ]
+        [ [ dup vocab-link? [ vocab ] when ] dip key? ]
+    } 2|| ;
 
 M: browser-gadget definitions-changed ( assoc browser -- )
     history>>
@@ -66,10 +67,10 @@ M: browser-gadget definitions-changed ( assoc browser -- )
 \ browser-help H{ { +nullary+ t } } define-command
 
 browser-gadget "toolbar" f {
-    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "b" } com-back }
-    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "f" } com-forward }
-    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "h" } com-documentation }
-    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "v" } com-vocabularies }
+    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "LEFT" } com-back }
+    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "RIGHT" } com-forward }
+    { f com-documentation }
+    { f com-vocabularies }
     { T{ key-down f f "F1" } browser-help }
 } define-command-map
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger-docs.factor b/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
index b57dafaf49..94c118953d 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger-docs.factor
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ continuations debugger ui ;
 IN: ui.tools.debugger
 
 HELP: <debugger>
-{ $values { "error" "an error" } { "restarts" "a sequence of " { $link restart } " instances" } { "restart-hook" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( list -- )" } } { "gadget" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
+{ $values { "error" "an error" } { "restarts" "a sequence of " { $link restart } " instances" } { "restart-hook" { $quotation "( list -- )" } } { "gadget" "a new " { $link gadget } } }
 { $description
     "Creates a gadget displaying a description of the error, along with buttons to print the contents of the stacks in the listener, and a list of restarts."
 } ;
 
-{ <debugger> debugger-window ui-try } related-words
+{ <debugger> debugger-window } related-words
 
 HELP: debugger-window
 { $values { "error" "an error" } }
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger.factor b/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger.factor
index 4ba4374bb8..cfe7baf0ae 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/debugger/debugger.factor
@@ -1,41 +1,57 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays ui ui.commands ui.gestures ui.gadgets
-       ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.buttons
-       ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.presentations
-       ui.gadgets.viewports ui.gadgets.lists ui.gadgets.tracks
-       ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.panes hashtables io kernel math
-       models namespaces sequences sequences words continuations
-       debugger prettyprint ui.tools.traceback help editors ;
-
+USING: accessors arrays hashtables io kernel math models
+namespaces sequences sequences words continuations debugger
+prettyprint help editors ui ui.commands ui.gestures ui.gadgets
+ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.buttons
+ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.presentations
+ui.gadgets.viewports ui.gadgets.lists ui.gadgets.tracks
+ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.panes ui.tools.traceback ;
 IN: ui.tools.debugger
 
-: <restart-list> ( restarts restart-hook -- gadget )
-    [ name>> ] rot <model> <list> ;
+TUPLE: debugger < track error restarts restart-hook restart-list continuation ;
 
-TUPLE: debugger < track restarts ;
+<PRIVATE
 
-: <debugger-display> ( restart-list error -- gadget )
+: <restart-list> ( debugger -- gadget )
+    [ restart-hook>> ] [ restarts>> ] bi
+    [ name>> ] swap <model> <list> ; inline
+
+: <error-pane> ( error -- pane )
+    <pane> [ [ print-error ] with-pane ] keep ; inline
+
+: <debugger-display> ( debugger -- gadget )
     <filled-pile>
-        <pane>
-            swapd tuck [ print-error ] with-pane
-        add-gadget
+        over error>> <error-pane> add-gadget
+        swap restart-list>> add-gadget ; inline
 
-        swap add-gadget ;
+PRIVATE>
 
 : <debugger> ( error restarts restart-hook -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } debugger new-track
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add
-        -rot <restart-list> >>restarts
-        dup restarts>> rot <debugger-display> <scroller> 1 track-add ;
+        add-toolbar
+        swap >>restart-hook
+        swap >>restarts
+        swap >>error
+        error-continuation get >>continuation
+        dup <restart-list> >>restart-list
+        dup <debugger-display> <scroller> 1 track-add ;
 
-M: debugger focusable-child* restarts>> ;
+M: debugger focusable-child* restart-list>> ;
 
 : debugger-window ( error -- )
     #! No restarts for the debugger window
     f [ drop ] <debugger> "Error" open-window ;
 
-[ debugger-window ] ui-error-hook set-global
+GENERIC: error-in-debugger? ( error -- ? )
+
+M: world-error error-in-debugger? world>> gadget-child debugger? ;
+
+M: object error-in-debugger? drop f ;
+
+[
+    dup error-in-debugger? [ rethrow ] [ debugger-window ] if 
+] ui-error-hook set-global
 
 M: world-error error.
     "An error occurred while drawing the world " write
@@ -47,16 +63,20 @@ debugger "gestures" f {
     { T{ button-down } request-focus }
 } define-command-map
 
-: com-traceback ( -- ) error-continuation get traceback-window ;
+: com-traceback ( debugger -- ) continuation>> traceback-window ;
 
-\ com-traceback H{ { +nullary+ t } } define-command
+\ com-traceback H{ } define-command
 
-\ :help H{ { +nullary+ t } { +listener+ t } } define-command
+: com-help ( debugger -- ) error>> (:help) ;
 
-\ :edit H{ { +nullary+ t } { +listener+ t } } define-command
+\ com-help H{ { +listener+ t } } define-command
+
+: com-edit ( debugger -- ) error>> (:edit) ;
+
+\ com-edit H{ { +listener+ t } } define-command
 
 debugger "toolbar" f {
     { T{ key-down f f "s" } com-traceback }
-    { T{ key-down f f "h" } :help }
-    { T{ key-down f f "e" } :edit }
+    { T{ key-down f f "h" } com-help }
+    { T{ key-down f f "e" } com-edit }
 } define-command-map
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/deploy/deploy.factor b/basis/ui/tools/deploy/deploy.factor
index 0ac89e122f..127269b325 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/deploy/deploy.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/deploy/deploy.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: ui.gadgets colors kernel ui.render namespaces
-       models models.mapping sequences ui.gadgets.buttons
-       ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.labels tools.deploy.config
-       namespaces ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.borders ui.gestures
-       ui.commands assocs ui.gadgets.tracks ui ui.tools.listener
-       tools.deploy vocabs ui.tools.workspace system accessors ;
-
+USING: ui.gadgets colors kernel ui.render namespaces models
+models.mapping sequences ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.packs
+ui.gadgets.labels tools.deploy.config namespaces
+ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.borders ui.gestures ui.commands
+assocs ui.gadgets.tracks ui ui.tools.listener tools.deploy
+vocabs ui.tools.workspace system accessors fry ;
 IN: ui.tools.deploy
 
 TUPLE: deploy-gadget < pack vocab settings ;
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ TUPLE: deploy-gadget < pack vocab settings ;
 
 : com-deploy ( gadget -- )
     dup com-save
-    dup find-deploy-vocab [ deploy ] curry call-listener
+    dup find-deploy-vocab '[ _ deploy ] call-listener
     close-window ;
 
 : com-help ( -- )
@@ -96,9 +95,12 @@ TUPLE: deploy-gadget < pack vocab settings ;
 : com-close ( gadget -- )
     close-window ;
 
+deploy-gadget "misc" "Miscellaneous commands" {
+    { T{ key-down f f "ESC" } com-close }
+} define-command-map
+
 deploy-gadget "toolbar" f {
-    { f com-close }
-    { f com-help }
+    { T{ key-down f f "F1" } com-help }
     { f com-revert }
     { f com-save }
     { T{ key-down f f "RET" } com-deploy }
@@ -115,5 +117,7 @@ deploy-gadget "toolbar" f {
     dup com-revert ;
     
 : deploy-tool ( vocab -- )
-    vocab-name dup <deploy-gadget> 10 <border>
-    "Deploying \"" rot "\"" 3append open-window ;
+    vocab-name
+    [ <deploy-gadget> 10 <border> ]
+    [ "Deploying \"" swap "\"" 3append ] bi
+    open-window ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/inspector/inspector.factor b/basis/ui/tools/inspector/inspector.factor
index dcb3a3f8ad..579210325b 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/inspector/inspector.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/inspector/inspector.factor
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ TUPLE: inspector-gadget < track object pane ;
 
 : <inspector-gadget> ( -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } inspector-gadget new-track
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add
+        add-toolbar
         <pane> >>pane
         dup pane>> <scroller> 1 track-add ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor-tests.factor b/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor-tests.factor
index 37f43faa8b..628570c3e3 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor-tests.factor
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ tools.test kernel calendar parser accessors calendar io ;
 
 [ ] [ [ "interactor" get stream-read-quot drop ] "B" spawn drop ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ 1000 sleep ] unit-test
+[ ] [ 1 seconds sleep ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [ "interactor" get interactor-eof ] unit-test
 
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ tools.test kernel calendar parser accessors calendar io ;
     ] in-thread
 ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ 100 sleep ] unit-test
+[ ] [ 100 milliseconds sleep ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [ "interactor" get evaluate-input ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ 100 sleep ] unit-test
+[ ] [ 100 milliseconds sleep ] unit-test
     
 [ ] [ "interactor" get interactor-eof ] unit-test
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ tools.test kernel calendar parser accessors calendar io ;
     ] in-thread
 ] unit-test
 
-[ ] [ 100 sleep ] unit-test
+[ ] [ 100 milliseconds sleep ] unit-test
 
 [ ] [ "interactor" get evaluate-input ] unit-test
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor.factor b/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor.factor
index a36610a7f5..51425b124d 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/interactor/interactor.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ quotations sequences strings threads listener classes.tuple
 ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.status-bar
 ui.gadgets.presentations ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gestures
 definitions calendar concurrency.flags concurrency.mailboxes
-ui.tools.workspace accessors sets destructors ;
+ui.tools.workspace accessors sets destructors fry ;
 IN: ui.tools.interactor
 
 ! If waiting is t, we're waiting for user input, and invoking
@@ -81,14 +81,15 @@ M: interactor model-changed
 : interactor-continue ( obj interactor -- )
     mailbox>> mailbox-put ;
 
-: clear-input ( interactor -- ) model>> clear-doc ;
+: clear-input ( interactor -- )
+    #! The with-datastack is a kludge to make it infer. Stupid.
+    model>> 1array [ clear-doc ] with-datastack drop ;
 
 : interactor-finish ( interactor -- )
-    #! The spawn is a kludge to make it infer. Stupid.
     [ editor-string ] keep
     [ interactor-input. ] 2keep
     [ add-interactor-history ] keep
-    [ clear-input ] curry "Clearing input" spawn drop ;
+    clear-input ;
 
 : interactor-eof ( interactor -- )
     dup interactor-busy? [
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ M: interactor stream-read
     swap dup zero? [
         2drop ""
     ] [
-        >r interactor-read dup [ "\n" join ] when r> short head
+        [ interactor-read dup [ "\n" join ] when ] dip short head
     ] if ;
 
 M: interactor stream-read-partial
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ M: interactor dispose drop ;
 : handle-interactive ( lines interactor -- quot/f ? )
     tuck try-parse {
         { [ dup quotation? ] [ nip t ] }
-        { [ dup not ] [ drop "\n" swap user-input f f ] }
+        { [ dup not ] [ drop "\n" swap user-input* drop f f ] }
         [ handle-parse-error f f ]
     } cond ;
 
@@ -178,10 +179,6 @@ M: interactor stream-read-quot
         ]
     } cond ;
 
-M: interactor pref-dim*
-    [ line-height 4 * 0 swap 2array ] [ call-next-method ] bi
-    vmax ;
-
 interactor "interactor" f {
     { T{ key-down f f "RET" } evaluate-input }
     { T{ key-down f { C+ } "k" } clear-input }
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener-tests.factor b/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener-tests.factor
index 616226a9c5..28fdef6cb7 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener-tests.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ USING: continuations documents ui.tools.interactor
 ui.tools.listener hashtables kernel namespaces parser sequences
 tools.test ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.editors
 ui.gadgets.panes vocabs words tools.test.ui slots.private
-threads arrays generic threads accessors listener math ;
+threads arrays generic threads accessors listener math
+calendar ;
 IN: ui.tools.listener.tests
 
 [ f ] [ "word" source-editor command-map commands>> empty? ] unit-test
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ IN: ui.tools.listener.tests
 
     [ ] [ "listener" get restart-listener ] unit-test
 
-    [ ] [ 1000 sleep ] unit-test
+    [ ] [ 1 seconds sleep ] unit-test
 
     [ ] [ "listener" get com-end ] unit-test
 ] with-grafted-gadget
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener.factor b/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener.factor
index 4c8b88d62c..7ffbfd2738 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/listener/listener.factor
@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: inspector ui.tools.interactor ui.tools.inspector
-ui.tools.workspace help.markup io io.styles
-kernel models namespaces parser quotations sequences ui.commands
-ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.labelled
-ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.scrollers
-ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gestures ui.operations vocabs words
-prettyprint listener debugger threads boxes concurrency.flags
-math arrays generic accessors combinators assocs ;
+USING: inspector help help.markup io io.styles kernel models
+namespaces parser quotations sequences vocabs words prettyprint
+listener debugger threads boxes concurrency.flags math arrays
+generic accessors combinators assocs fry ui.commands ui.gadgets
+ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.labelled ui.gadgets.panes
+ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.packs
+ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.frames
+ui.gadgets.grids ui.gestures ui.operations ui.tools.browser
+ui.tools.interactor ui.tools.inspector ui.tools.workspace ;
 IN: ui.tools.listener
 
-TUPLE: listener-gadget < track input output stack ;
-
-: listener-output, ( listener -- listener )
-    <scrolling-pane> >>output
-    dup output>> <scroller> "Output" <labelled-gadget> 1 track-add ;
+TUPLE: listener-gadget < track input output ;
 
 : listener-streams ( listener -- input output )
     [ input>> ] [ output>> <pane-stream> ] bi ;
@@ -22,22 +19,16 @@ TUPLE: listener-gadget < track input output stack ;
 : <listener-input> ( listener -- gadget )
     output>> <pane-stream> <interactor> ;
 
-: listener-input, ( listener -- listener )
-    dup <listener-input> >>input
-    dup input>>
-        { 0 100 } <limited-scroller>
-        "Input" <labelled-gadget>
-    f track-add ;
-
 : welcome. ( -- )
     "If this is your first time with Factor, please read the " print
-    "handbook" ($link) "." print nl ;
+    "handbook" ($link) ". To see a list of keyboard shortcuts," print
+    "press F1." print nl ;
 
 M: listener-gadget focusable-child*
     input>> ;
 
 M: listener-gadget call-tool* ( input listener -- )
-    >r string>> r> input>> set-editor-string ;
+    [ string>> ] dip input>> set-editor-string ;
 
 M: listener-gadget tool-scroller
     output>> find-scroller ;
@@ -50,14 +41,15 @@ M: listener-gadget tool-scroller
     listener>> input>> interactor-busy? ;
 
 : listener-input ( string -- )
-    get-workspace listener>> input>> set-editor-string ;
+    get-workspace listener>> input>>
+    [ set-editor-string ] [ request-focus ] bi ;
 
 : (call-listener) ( quot listener -- )
     input>> interactor-call ;
 
 : call-listener ( quot -- )
     [ workspace-busy? not ] get-workspace* listener>>
-    [ dup wait-for-listener (call-listener) ] 2curry
+    '[ _ _ dup wait-for-listener (call-listener) ]
     "Listener call" spawn drop ;
 
 M: listener-command invoke-command ( target command -- )
@@ -73,7 +65,7 @@ M: listener-operation invoke-command ( target command -- )
 
 : listener-run-files ( seq -- )
     [
-        [ [ run-file ] each ] curry call-listener
+        '[ _ [ run-file ] each ] call-listener
     ] unless-empty ;
 
 : com-end ( listener -- )
@@ -103,13 +95,13 @@ M: engine-word word-completion-string
 : use-if-necessary ( word seq -- )
     over vocabulary>> over and [
         2dup [ assoc-stack ] keep = [ 2drop ] [
-            >r vocabulary>> vocab-words r> push
+            [ vocabulary>> vocab-words ] dip push
         ] if
     ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : insert-word ( word -- )
     get-workspace listener>> input>>
-    [ >r word-completion-string r> user-input ]
+    [ [ word-completion-string ] dip user-input* drop ]
     [ interactor-use use-if-necessary ]
     2bi ;
 
@@ -119,20 +111,8 @@ M: engine-word word-completion-string
     [ select-all ]
     2bi ;
 
-TUPLE: stack-display < track ;
-
-: <stack-display> ( workspace -- gadget )
-    listener>>
-    { 0 1 } stack-display new-track
-    over <toolbar> f track-add
-    swap stack>> [ [ stack. ] curry try ] t "Data stack" <labelled-pane>
-    1 track-add ;
-
-M: stack-display tool-scroller
-    find-workspace listener>> tool-scroller ;
-
-: ui-listener-hook ( listener -- )
-    >r datastack r> stack>> set-model ;
+: ui-help-hook ( topic -- )
+    browser-gadget call-tool ;
 
 : ui-error-hook ( error listener -- )
     find-workspace debugger-popup ;
@@ -143,17 +123,20 @@ M: stack-display tool-scroller
 
 : listener-thread ( listener -- )
     dup listener-streams [
-        [ [ ui-listener-hook ] curry listener-hook set ]
-        [ [ ui-error-hook ] curry error-hook set ]
-        [ [ ui-inspector-hook ] curry inspector-hook set ] tri
+        [ ui-help-hook ] help-hook set
+        [ '[ _ ui-error-hook ] error-hook set ]
+        [ '[ _ ui-inspector-hook ] inspector-hook set ] bi
         welcome.
         listener
     ] with-streams* ;
 
 : start-listener-thread ( listener -- )
-    [
-        [ input>> register-self ] [ listener-thread ] bi
-    ] curry "Listener" spawn drop ;
+    '[
+        _
+        [ input>> register-self ]
+        [ listener-thread ]
+        bi
+    ] "Listener" spawn drop ;
 
 : restart-listener ( listener -- )
     #! Returns when listener is ready to receive input.
@@ -165,25 +148,41 @@ M: stack-display tool-scroller
         [ wait-for-listener ]
     } cleave ;
 
-: init-listener ( listener -- )
-    f <model> >>stack drop ;
+: init-listener ( listener -- listener )
+    <scrolling-pane> >>output
+    dup <listener-input> >>input ;
+
+: <listener-scroller> ( listener -- scroller )
+    <frame>
+        over output>> @top grid-add
+        swap input>> @center grid-add
+    <scroller> ;
 
 : <listener-gadget> ( -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } listener-gadget new-track
-        dup init-listener
-        listener-output,
-        listener-input, ;
+        add-toolbar
+        init-listener
+        dup <listener-scroller> 1 track-add ;
 
 : listener-help ( -- ) "ui-listener" help-window ;
 
 \ listener-help H{ { +nullary+ t } } define-command
 
+: com-auto-use ( -- )
+    auto-use? [ not ] change ;
+
+\ com-auto-use H{ { +nullary+ t } { +listener+ t } } define-command
+
+listener-gadget "misc" "Miscellaneous commands" {
+    { T{ key-down f f "F1" } listener-help }
+} define-command-map
+
 listener-gadget "toolbar" f {
     { f restart-listener }
-    { T{ key-down f f "CLEAR" } clear-output }
-    { T{ key-down f { C+ } "CLEAR" } clear-stack }
+    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "u" } com-auto-use }
+    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "k" } clear-output }
+    { T{ key-down f { A+ } "K" } clear-stack }
     { T{ key-down f { C+ } "d" } com-end }
-    { T{ key-down f f "F1" } listener-help }
 } define-command-map
 
 M: listener-gadget handle-gesture ( gesture gadget -- ? )
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/profiler/profiler.factor b/basis/ui/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
index c60d0dac09..7280efe885 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/profiler/profiler.factor
@@ -2,19 +2,19 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: ui.tools.workspace kernel quotations tools.profiler
 ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.scrollers
-ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gestures ui.gadgets.buttons accessors ;
+ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gestures ui.gadgets.buttons accessors fry ;
 IN: ui.tools.profiler
 
 TUPLE: profiler-gadget < track pane ;
 
 : <profiler-gadget> ( -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } profiler-gadget new-track
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add
+        add-toolbar
         <pane> >>pane
         dup pane>> <scroller> 1 track-add ;
 
 : with-profiler-pane ( gadget quot -- )
-    >r pane>> r> with-pane ;
+    [ pane>> ] dip with-pane ;
 
 : com-full-profile ( gadget -- )
     [ profile. ] with-profiler-pane ;
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ profiler-gadget "toolbar" f {
 GENERIC: profiler-presentation ( obj -- quot )
 
 M: usage-profile profiler-presentation
-    word>> [ usage-profile. ] curry ;
+    word>> '[ _ usage-profile. ] ;
 
 M: vocab-profile profiler-presentation
-    vocab>> [ vocab-profile. ] curry ;
+    vocab>> '[ _ vocab-profile. ] ;
 
 M: f profiler-presentation
     drop [ vocabs-profile. ] ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/search/search-tests.factor b/basis/ui/tools/search/search-tests.factor
index d477274520..39a6442308 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/search/search-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/search/search-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 USING: assocs ui.tools.search help.topics io.files io.styles
 kernel namespaces sequences source-files threads
 tools.test ui.gadgets ui.gestures vocabs accessors
-vocabs.loader words tools.test.ui debugger ;
+vocabs.loader words tools.test.ui debugger calendar ;
 IN: ui.tools.search.tests
 
 [ f ] [
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ IN: ui.tools.search.tests
 
 : update-live-search ( search -- seq )
     dup [
-        300 sleep
+        300 milliseconds sleep
         list>> control-value
     ] with-grafted-gadget ;
 
 : test-live-search ( gadget quot -- ? )
-    >r update-live-search dup assert-non-empty r> all? ;
+    [ update-live-search dup assert-non-empty ] dip all? ;
 
 [ t ] [
     "swp" all-words f <definition-search>
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ IN: ui.tools.search.tests
     "" all-words t <definition-search>
     dup [
         { "set-word-prop" } over field>> set-control-value
-        300 sleep
+        300 milliseconds sleep
         search-value \ set-word-prop eq?
     ] with-grafted-gadget
 ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/search/search.factor b/basis/ui/tools/search/search.factor
index b88fe8454e..cf980cfc23 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/search/search.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/search/search.factor
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors assocs ui.tools.interactor ui.tools.listener
-ui.tools.workspace help help.topics io.files io.styles kernel
-models models.delay models.filter namespaces prettyprint
+USING: accessors assocs help help.topics io.files io.styles
+kernel models models.delay models.filter namespaces prettyprint
 quotations sequences sorting source-files definitions strings
-tools.completion tools.crossref classes.tuple ui.commands
-ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.lists
-ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gestures ui.operations
-vocabs words vocabs.loader tools.vocabs unicode.case calendar ui
-;
+tools.completion tools.crossref classes.tuple vocabs words
+vocabs.loader tools.vocabs unicode.case calendar locals
+ui.tools.interactor ui.tools.listener ui.tools.workspace
+ui.commands ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.editors ui.gadgets.lists
+ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.borders
+ui.gestures ui.operations ui ;
 IN: ui.tools.search
 
 TUPLE: live-search < track field list ;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TUPLE: live-search < track field list ;
 M: live-search handle-gesture ( gesture live-search -- ? )
     tuck search-gesture dup [
         over find-workspace hide-popup
-        >r search-value r> invoke-command f
+        [ search-value ] dip invoke-command f
     ] [
         2drop t
     ] if ;
@@ -47,27 +47,29 @@ search-field H{
     { T{ key-down f f "RET" } [ find-search-list invoke-value-action ] }
 } set-gestures
 
-: <search-model> ( live-search producer -- live-search filter )
-    >r dup field>> model>>                   ! live-search model :: producer
-    ui-running? [ 1/5 seconds <delay> ] when
-    [ "\n" join ] r> append <filter> ;
+: <search-model> ( live-search producer -- filter )
+    [
+        field>> model>>
+        ui-running? [ 1/5 seconds <delay> ] when
+    ] dip [ "\n" join ] prepend <filter> ;
 
-: <search-list> ( live-search seq limited? presenter -- live-search list )
-    >r
-    [ limited-completions ] [ completions ] ? curry
-    <search-model>
-    >r [ find-workspace hide-popup ] r> r>
-    swap <list> ;
+: init-search-model ( live-search seq limited? -- live-search )
+    [ 2drop ]
+    [ [ limited-completions ] [ completions ] ? curry <search-model> ] 3bi
+    >>model ; inline
 
-: <live-search> ( string seq limited? presenter -- gadget )
+: <search-list> ( presenter live-search -- list )
+    [ [ find-workspace hide-popup ] ] [ ] [ model>> ] tri* <list> ;
+
+:: <live-search> ( string seq limited? presenter -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } live-search new-track
         <search-field> >>field
-        dup field>> f track-add
-        -roll <search-list> >>list
+        seq limited? init-search-model
+        presenter over <search-list> >>list
+        dup field>> 1 <border> { 1 1 } >>fill f track-add
         dup list>> <scroller> 1 track-add
-    swap                         
-        over field>> set-editor-string
-    dup field>> end-of-document ;
+        string over field>> set-editor-string
+        dup field>> end-of-document ;
 
 M: live-search focusable-child* field>> ;
 
@@ -80,26 +82,27 @@ M: live-search pref-dim* drop { 400 200 } ;
     [ dup synopsis >lower ] { } map>assoc sort-values ;
 
 : <definition-search> ( string words limited? -- gadget )
-    >r definition-candidates r> [ synopsis ] <live-search> ;
+    [ definition-candidates ] dip [ synopsis ] <live-search> ;
 
 : word-candidates ( words -- candidates )
     [ dup name>> >lower ] { } map>assoc ;
 
 : <word-search> ( string words limited? -- gadget )
-    >r word-candidates r> [ synopsis ] <live-search> ;
+    [ word-candidates ] dip [ synopsis ] <live-search> ;
 
 : com-words ( workspace -- )
     dup current-word all-words t <word-search>
     "Word search" show-titled-popup ;
 
 : show-vocab-words ( workspace vocab -- )
-    "" over words natural-sort f <word-search>
-    "Words in " rot vocab-name append show-titled-popup ;
+    [ "" swap words natural-sort f <word-search> ]
+    [ "Words in " swap vocab-name append ]
+    bi show-titled-popup ;
 
 : show-word-usage ( workspace word -- )
-    "" over smart-usage f <definition-search>
-    "Words and methods using " rot name>> append
-    show-titled-popup ;
+    [ "" swap smart-usage f <definition-search> ]
+    [ "Words and methods using " swap name>> append ]
+    bi show-titled-popup ;
 
 : help-candidates ( seq -- candidates )
     [ dup >link swap article-title >lower ] { } map>assoc
@@ -127,8 +130,9 @@ M: live-search pref-dim* drop { 400 200 } ;
     "Source file search" show-titled-popup ;
 
 : show-vocab-files ( workspace vocab -- )
-    "" over vocab-files <source-file-search>
-    "Source files in " rot vocab-name append show-titled-popup ;
+    [ "" swap vocab-files <source-file-search> ]
+    [ "Source files in " swap vocab-name append ]
+    bi show-titled-popup ;
 
 : vocab-candidates ( -- candidates )
     all-vocabs-seq [ dup vocab-name >lower ] { } map>assoc ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/tools-docs.factor b/basis/ui/tools/tools-docs.factor
index f54e1e4041..8e1cc8d8f0 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/tools-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/tools-docs.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ ARTICLE: "ui-listener" "UI listener"
 { $heading "Editing commands" }
 "The text editing commands are standard; see " { $link "gadgets-editors" } "."
 { $heading "Implementation" }
-"Listeners are instances of " { $link listener-gadget } ". The listener consists of an output area (instance of " { $link pane } "), and an input area (instance of " { $link interactor } "), and a stack display kept up to date using a " { $link listener-hook } "." ;
+"Listeners are instances of " { $link listener-gadget } ". The listener consists of an output area (instance of " { $link pane } ") and an input area (instance of " { $link interactor } ")." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-inspector" "UI inspector"
 "The graphical inspector builds on the terminal inspector (see " { $link "inspector" } ") and provides in-place editing of slot values."
@@ -76,17 +76,6 @@ $nl
 
 ;
 
-ARTICLE: "ui-tool-tutorial" "UI tool tutorial"
-"The following is an example of a typical session with the UI which should give you a taste of its power:"
-{ $list
-    { "You decide to refactor some code, and move a few words from a source file you have already loaded, into a new source file." }
-    { "You press " { $operation edit } " in the listener, which displays a gadget where you can type part of a loaded file's name, and then press " { $snippet "RET" } " when the correct completion is highlighted. This opens the file in your editor." } 
-    { "You refactor your words, move them to a new source file, and load the new file using " { $link run-file } "." }
-    { "Interactively testing the new code reveals a problem with one particular code snippet, so you enter it in the listener's input area, and press " { $operation walk } " to invoke the single stepper." }
-    { "Single stepping through the code makes the problem obvious, so you right-click on a presentation of the broken word in the stepper, and choose " { $strong "Edit" } " from the menu." }
-    { "After fixing the problem in the source editor, you right click on the word in the stepper and invoke " { $strong "Reload" } " from the menu." }
-} ;
-
 ARTICLE: "ui-completion-words" "Word completion popup"
 "Clicking a word in the word completion popup displays the word definition in the " { $link "ui-browser" } ". Pressing " { $snippet "RET" } " with a word selected inserts the word name in the listener, along with a " { $link POSTPONE: USE: } " declaration (if necessary)."
 { $operations \ $operations } ;
@@ -110,18 +99,16 @@ $nl
 { $subsection "ui-completion-sources" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-workspace-keys" "UI keyboard shortcuts"
+"See " { $link "gesture-differences" } " to find out how your platform's modifier keys map to modifiers in the Factor UI."
 { $command-map workspace "tool-switching" }
 { $command-map workspace "scrolling" }
 { $command-map workspace "workflow" }
-{ $command-map workspace "multi-touch" }
-{ $heading "Implementation" }
-"Workspaces are instances of " { $link workspace } "." ;
+{ $command-map workspace "multi-touch" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-tools" "UI developer tools"
 "The Factor development environment can seem rather different from what you are used to, because it is very simple and powerful.."
 $nl
 "To take full advantage of the UI, you should be using a supported text editor. See " { $link "editor" } "."
-{ $subsection "ui-tool-tutorial" }
 { $subsection "ui-workspace-keys" }
 { $subsection "ui-presentations" }
 { $subsection "ui-completion" }
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/tools.factor b/basis/ui/tools/tools.factor
index aed4b9d675..9927f9e5ae 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/tools.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/tools.factor
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ ui.gadgets.books ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.labelled
 ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.worlds
 ui.gadgets.presentations ui.gestures words vocabs.loader
 tools.test tools.vocabs ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.status-bar
-mirrors ;
+mirrors fry ;
 IN: ui.tools
 
 : <workspace-tabs> ( workspace -- tabs )
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ IN: ui.tools
     <toggle-buttons> ;
 
 : <workspace-book> ( workspace -- gadget )
-    dup
-        <stack-display>
+        <gadget>
         <browser-gadget>
         <inspector-gadget>
         <profiler-gadget>
@@ -34,14 +33,14 @@ IN: ui.tools
         dup <workspace-book> >>book
 
         dup <workspace-tabs> f track-add
-        dup book>> 1/5 track-add
-        dup listener>> 4/5 track-add
-        dup <toolbar> f track-add ;
+        dup book>> 0 track-add
+        dup listener>> 1 track-add
+        add-toolbar ;
 
 : resize-workspace ( workspace -- )
-    dup sizes>> over control-value zero? [
-        1/5 over set-second
-        4/5 swap set-third
+    dup sizes>> over control-value 0 = [
+        0 over set-second
+        1 swap set-third
     ] [
         2/3 over set-second
         1/3 swap set-third
@@ -55,13 +54,15 @@ M: workspace model-changed
 
 [ workspace-window ] ui-hook set-global
 
-: com-listener ( workspace -- ) stack-display select-tool ;
+: select-tool ( workspace n -- ) swap book>> model>> set-model ;
 
-: com-browser ( workspace -- ) browser-gadget select-tool ;
+: com-listener ( workspace -- ) 0 select-tool ;
 
-: com-inspector ( workspace -- ) inspector-gadget select-tool ;
+: com-browser ( workspace -- ) 1 select-tool ;
 
-: com-profiler ( workspace -- ) profiler-gadget select-tool ;
+: com-inspector ( workspace -- ) 2 select-tool ;
+
+: com-profiler ( workspace -- ) 3 select-tool ;
 
 workspace "tool-switching" f {
     { T{ key-down f { A+ } "1" } com-listener }
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ workspace "workflow" f {
 ] workspace-window-hook set-global
 
 : inspect-continuation ( traceback -- )
-    control-value [ inspect ] curry call-listener ;
+    control-value '[ _ inspect ] call-listener ;
 
 traceback-gadget "toolbar" f {
     { T{ key-down f f "v" } variables }
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/traceback/traceback.factor b/basis/ui/tools/traceback/traceback.factor
index 6cb79916e0..90f1e601c7 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/traceback/traceback.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/traceback/traceback.factor
@@ -36,18 +36,21 @@ M: traceback-gadget pref-dim* drop { 550 600 } ;
 
     dup model>> <callstack-display> 2/3 track-add
 
-    dup <toolbar> f track-add ;
+    add-toolbar ;
 
 : <namestack-display> ( model -- gadget )
     [ [ name>> namestack. ] when* ]
     <pane-control> ;
 
 : <variables-gadget> ( model -- gadget )
-    <namestack-display> { 400 400 } <limited-scroller> ;
+    <namestack-display>
+    <limited-scroller>
+        { 400 400 } >>min-dim
+        { 400 400 } >>max-dim ;
 
 : variables ( traceback -- )
     model>> <variables-gadget>
     "Dynamic variables" open-status-window ;
 
 : traceback-window ( continuation -- )
-    <model> <traceback-gadget> "Traceback" open-window ;
+    <model> <traceback-gadget> "Traceback" open-status-window ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/walker/walker.factor b/basis/ui/tools/walker/walker.factor
index 7bc42ea676..e6643698c7 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/walker/walker.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/walker/walker.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ui.tools.listener ui.tools.traceback ui.gadgets.buttons
 ui.gadgets.status-bar ui.gadgets.tracks ui.commands ui.gadgets
 models models.filter ui.tools.workspace ui.gestures
 ui.gadgets.labels ui threads namespaces make tools.walker assocs
-combinators ;
+combinators fry ;
 IN: ui.tools.walker
 
 TUPLE: walker-gadget < track
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ M: walker-gadget focusable-child*
     ] "" make ;
 
 : <thread-status> ( model thread -- gadget )
-    [ walker-state-string ] curry <filter> <label-control> ;
+    '[ _ walker-state-string ] <filter> <label-control> ;
 
 : <walker-gadget> ( status continuation thread -- gadget )
     { 0 1 } walker-gadget new-track
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ M: walker-gadget focusable-child*
         swap >>status
         dup continuation>> <traceback-gadget> >>traceback
 
-        dup <toolbar>                     f track-add
+        add-toolbar
         dup status>> self <thread-status> f track-add
-        dup traceback>>                   1 track-add ;
+        dup traceback>> 1 track-add ;
     
 : walker-help ( -- ) "ui-walker" help-window ;
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ walker-gadget "toolbar" f {
     } cond ;
 
 : find-walker-window ( thread -- world/f )
-    [ swap walker-for-thread? ] curry find-window ;
+    '[ _ swap walker-for-thread? ] find-window ;
 
 : walker-window ( status continuation thread -- )
     [ <walker-gadget> ] [ name>> ] bi open-status-window ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/tools/workspace/workspace.factor b/basis/ui/tools/workspace/workspace.factor
index bbe4b12712..3b689eee39 100644
--- a/basis/ui/tools/workspace/workspace.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/tools/workspace/workspace.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: classes continuations help help.topics kernel models
-       sequences ui ui.backend ui.tools.debugger ui.gadgets
-       ui.gadgets.books ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.labelled
-       ui.gadgets.panes ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks
-       ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets.presentations ui.gadgets.status-bar
-       ui.commands ui.gestures assocs arrays namespaces accessors ;
-
+sequences assocs arrays namespaces accessors math.vectors fry ui
+ui.backend ui.tools.debugger ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.books
+ui.gadgets.buttons ui.gadgets.labelled ui.gadgets.panes
+ui.gadgets.scrollers ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.worlds
+ui.gadgets.presentations ui.gadgets.status-bar ui.commands
+ui.gestures ;
 IN: ui.tools.workspace
 
 TUPLE: workspace < track book listener popup ;
@@ -32,10 +32,8 @@ M: gadget tool-scroller drop f ;
     [ find-tool swap ] keep book>> model>>
     set-model ;
 
-: select-tool ( workspace class -- ) swap show-tool drop ;
-
 : get-workspace* ( quot -- workspace )
-    [ >r dup workspace? r> [ drop f ] if ] curry find-window
+    '[ dup workspace? _ [ drop f ] if ] find-window
     [ dup raise-window gadget-child ]
     [ workspace-window* ] if* ; inline
 
@@ -47,12 +45,15 @@ M: gadget tool-scroller drop f ;
 : get-tool ( class -- gadget )
     get-workspace find-tool nip ;
 
+: <help-pane> ( topic -- pane )
+    <pane> [ [ help ] with-pane ] keep ;
+
 : help-window ( topic -- )
     [
-        <pane> [ [ help ] with-pane ] keep
-        { 550 700 } <limited-scroller>
-    ] keep
-    article-title open-window ;
+        <help-pane> <limited-scroller>
+            { 550 700 } >>max-dim
+    ] [ article-title ] bi
+    open-window ;
 
 : hide-popup ( workspace -- )
     dup popup>> track-remove
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ SYMBOL: workspace-dim
 
 { 600 700 } workspace-dim set-global
 
-M: workspace pref-dim* drop workspace-dim get ;
+M: workspace pref-dim* call-next-method workspace-dim get vmax ;
 
 M: workspace focusable-child*
     dup popup>> [ ] [ listener>> ] ?if ;
diff --git a/basis/ui/traverse/traverse.factor b/basis/ui/traverse/traverse.factor
index eadd110fe7..7a012aa3e0 100644
--- a/basis/ui/traverse/traverse.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/traverse/traverse.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors namespaces make sequences kernel math arrays io
 ui.gadgets generic combinators ;
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ IN: ui.traverse
 TUPLE: node value children ;
 
 : traverse-step ( path gadget -- path' gadget' )
-    >r unclip r> children>> ?nth ;
+    [ unclip ] dip children>> ?nth ;
 
 : make-node ( quot -- ) { } make node boa , ; inline
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ TUPLE: node value children ;
     traverse-step traverse-from-path ;
 
 : (traverse-middle) ( frompath topath gadget -- )
-    >r >r first 1+ r> first r> children>> <slice> % ;
+    [ first 1+ ] [ first ] [ children>> ] tri* <slice> % ;
 
 : traverse-post ( topath gadget -- )
     traverse-step traverse-to-path ;
@@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ TUPLE: node value children ;
 DEFER: (gadget-subtree)
 
 : traverse-child ( frompath topath gadget -- )
-    dup -roll [
-        >r >r rest-slice r> r> traverse-step (gadget-subtree)
-    ] make-node ;
+    [ 2nip ] 3keep
+    [ [ rest-slice ] 2dip traverse-step (gadget-subtree) ]
+    make-node ;
 
 : (gadget-subtree) ( frompath topath gadget -- )
     {
         { [ dup not ] [ 3drop ] }
         { [ pick empty? pick empty? and ] [ 2nip , ] }
-        { [ pick empty? ] [ rot drop traverse-to-path ] }
+        { [ pick empty? ] [ traverse-to-path drop ] }
         { [ over empty? ] [ nip traverse-from-path ] }
         { [ pick first pick first = ] [ traverse-child ] }
         [ traverse-middle ]
diff --git a/basis/ui/ui-docs.factor b/basis/ui/ui-docs.factor
index d8c816d717..738d259cad 100644
--- a/basis/ui/ui-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/ui-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax strings quotations debugger
 io.styles namespaces ui.backend ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.worlds
-ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.grids math.geometry.rect ;
+ui.gadgets.tracks ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.grids math.geometry.rect colors ;
 IN: ui
 
 HELP: windows
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ HELP: fullscreen?
 { fullscreen? set-fullscreen? } related-words
 
 HELP: find-window
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( world -- ? )" } } { "world" "a " { $link world } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( world -- ? )" } } { "world" { $maybe world } } }
 { $description "Finds a native window such that the gadget passed to " { $link open-window } " satisfies the quotation, outputting " { $link f } " if no such gadget could be found. The front-most native window is checked first." } ;
 
 HELP: register-window
@@ -47,23 +47,19 @@ HELP: (open-window)
 { $description "Opens a native window containing the given world. This grafts the world by calling " { $link graft } ". Each world can only be displayed in one top-level window at a time." }
 { $notes "This word should not be called directly by user code. Instead, use " { $link open-window } "." } ;
 
-HELP: ui-try
+HELP: raise-window
+{ $values { "gadget" gadget } }
+{ $description "Makes the native window containing the given gadget the front-most window." } ;
+
+HELP: with-ui
 { $values { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Calls the quotation. If it throws an error, opens a window with the error and restores the data stack." }
-{ $notes "This is essentially a graphical variant of " { $link try } "." } ;
+{ $description "Calls the quotation, starting the UI first if necessary." }
+{ $notes "This combinator should be used in the " { $link POSTPONE: MAIN: } " word of a vocabulary, in order for the vocabulary to work when run from the UI listener (" { $snippet "\"my-app\" run" } " and the command line (" { $snippet "./factor -run=my-app" } ")." }
+{ $examples "The " { $vocab-link "hello-ui" } " vocabulary implements a simple UI application which uses this combinator." } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-glossary" "UI glossary"
 { $table
-    { "color specifier"
-        { "an array of four elements, all numbers between 0 and 1:"
-            { $list
-                "red"
-                "green"
-                "blue"
-                "alpha - 0 is completely transparent, 1 is completely opaque"
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    { "color" { "an instance of " { $link color } } }
     { "dimension" "a pair of integers denoting pixel size on screen" }
     { "font specifier"
         { "an array of three elements:"
@@ -99,30 +95,14 @@ ARTICLE: "gadgets" "Pre-made UI gadgets"
 { $subsection "ui.gadgets.sliders" }
 { $subsection "ui.gadgets.scrollers" }
 { $subsection "gadgets-editors" }
+{ $subsection "ui.gadgets.menus" }
 { $subsection "ui.gadgets.panes" }
 { $subsection "ui.gadgets.presentations" }
 { $subsection "ui.gadgets.lists" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-geometry" "Gadget geometry"
 "The " { $link gadget } " class inherits from the " { $link rect } " class, and thus all gadgets have a bounding box:"
-{ $subsection rect }
-"Rectangles can be taken apart:"
-{ $subsection rect-loc }
-{ $subsection rect-dim }
-{ $subsection rect-bounds }
-{ $subsection rect-extent }
-"New rectangles can be created:"
-{ $subsection <zero-rect> }
-{ $subsection <rect> }
-{ $subsection <extent-rect> }
-"More utility words for working with rectangles:"
-{ $subsection offset-rect }
-{ $subsection rect-intersect }
-{ $subsection intersects? }
-
-! "A gadget's bounding box is always relative to its parent. "
-! { $subsection gadget-parent }
-
+{ $subsection "math.geometry.rect" }
 "Word for converting from a child gadget's co-ordinate system to a parent's:"
 { $subsection relative-loc }
 { $subsection screen-loc }
@@ -151,9 +131,7 @@ ARTICLE: "ui-backend" "Developing UI backends"
 "UI backends may implement the " { $link "clipboard-protocol" } "." ;
 
 ARTICLE: "ui-backend-init" "UI initialization and the event loop"
-"An UI backend is required to define a word to start the UI:"
-{ $subsection ui }
-"This word should contain backend initialization, together with some boilerplate:"
+"An UI backend is required to define a method on the " { $link ui } " word. This word should contain backend initialization, together with some boilerplate:"
 { $code
     "IN: shells"
     ""
@@ -185,10 +163,6 @@ ARTICLE: "ui-backend-windows" "UI backend window management"
 "If the user clicks the window's close box, you must call the following word:"
 { $subsection close-window } ;
 
-HELP: raise-window
-{ $values { "gadget" gadget } }
-{ $description "Makes the native window containing the given gadget the front-most window." } ;
-
 ARTICLE: "ui-layouts" "Gadget hierarchy and layouts"
 "A layout gadget is a gadget whose sole purpose is to contain other gadgets. Layout gadgets position and resize children according to a certain policy, taking the preferred size of the children into account. Gadget hierarchies are constructed by building up nested layouts."
 { $subsection "ui-layout-basics" }
@@ -262,7 +236,23 @@ $nl
 { $subsection "clipboard-protocol" }
 { $see-also "ui-layout-impl" } ;
 
+ARTICLE: "starting-ui" "Starting the UI"
+"The UI starts automatically where possible:"
+{ $list
+    { "On Windows, the UI starts when the Factor executable is run." }
+    { "On X11, the UI starts if the " { $snippet "DISPLAY" } " environment variable is set." }
+    { "On Mac OS X, the UI starts if the " { $snippet "Factor.app" } " application bundle is run." }
+}
+"In all cases, passing the " { $snippet "-run=listener" } " command line switch starts the terminal listener instead. The UI can be started from the terminal listener using a word:"
+{ $subsection ui }
+"To run the terminal listener and the UI simultaneously, start the UI in a new thread:"
+{ $code "USING: threads ui ;" "[ ui ] in-thread" }
+"The main word of a vocabulary implementing a UI application should use a combinator to ensure that the application works when run from the command line as well as in the UI listener:"
+{ $subsection with-ui } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "ui" "UI framework"
+"The " { $vocab-link "ui" } " vocabulary hierarchy implements the Factor UI framework. The implementation relies on a small amount of platform-specific code to open windows and receive keyboard and mouse events; UI gadgets are rendered using OpenGL."
+{ $subsection "starting-ui" }
 { $subsection "ui-glossary" }
 { $subsection "building-ui" }
 { $subsection "new-gadgets" }
diff --git a/basis/ui/ui-tests.factor b/basis/ui/ui-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2920b58fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/ui/ui-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+IN: ui.tests
+USING: ui tools.test ;
+
+\ event-loop must-infer
+\ open-window must-infer
diff --git a/basis/ui/ui.factor b/basis/ui/ui.factor
index f561f3cd49..de2eb71307 100644
--- a/basis/ui/ui.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/ui.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays assocs io kernel math models namespaces make
 prettyprint dlists deques sequences threads sequences words
 debugger ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets.tracks
 ui.gestures ui.backend ui.render continuations init combinators
-hashtables concurrency.flags sets accessors ;
+hashtables concurrency.flags sets accessors calendar ;
 IN: ui
 
 ! Assoc mapping aliens to gadgets
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ SYMBOL: ui-hook
 : init-ui ( -- )
     <dlist> \ graft-queue set-global
     <dlist> \ layout-queue set-global
+    <dlist> \ gesture-queue set-global
     V{ } clone windows set-global ;
 
 : restore-gadget-later ( gadget -- )
@@ -129,8 +130,8 @@ SYMBOL: ui-hook
 
 : notify ( gadget -- )
     dup graft-state>>
-    dup first { f f } { t t } ?
-    pick (>>graft-state) {
+    [ first { f f } { t t } ? >>graft-state ] keep
+    {
         { { f t } [ dup activate-control graft* ] }
         { { t f } [ dup deactivate-control ungraft* ] }
     } case ;
@@ -138,13 +139,21 @@ SYMBOL: ui-hook
 : notify-queued ( -- )
     graft-queue [ notify ] slurp-deque ;
 
+: send-queued-gestures ( -- )
+    gesture-queue [ send-queued-gesture ] slurp-deque ;
+
 : update-ui ( -- )
-    [ notify-queued layout-queued redraw-worlds ] assert-depth ;
+    [
+        [
+            notify-queued
+            layout-queued
+            redraw-worlds
+            send-queued-gestures
+        ] assert-depth
+    ] [ ui-error ] recover ;
 
 : ui-wait ( -- )
-    10 sleep ;
-
-: ui-try ( quot -- ) [ ui-error ] recover ;
+    10 milliseconds sleep ;
 
 SYMBOL: ui-thread
 
@@ -156,11 +165,9 @@ SYMBOL: ui-thread
     \ ui-running get-global ;
 
 : update-ui-loop ( -- )
-    ui-running? ui-thread get-global self eq? and [
-        ui-notify-flag get lower-flag
-        [ update-ui ] ui-try
-        update-ui-loop
-    ] when ;
+    [ ui-running? ui-thread get-global self eq? and ]
+    [ ui-notify-flag get lower-flag update-ui ]
+    [ ] while ;
 
 : start-ui-thread ( -- )
     [ self ui-thread set-global update-ui-loop ]
diff --git a/basis/ui/windows/windows.factor b/basis/ui/windows/windows.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 3e600d2e3c..1481287e95
--- a/basis/ui/windows/windows.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/windows/windows.factor
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ ui.gadgets ui.backend ui.clipboards ui.gadgets.worlds
 ui.gestures io kernel math math.vectors namespaces make
 sequences strings vectors words windows.kernel32 windows.gdi32
 windows.user32 windows.opengl32 windows.messages windows.types
-windows.nt windows threads libc combinators continuations
-command-line shuffle opengl ui.render unicode.case ascii
-math.bitwise locals symbols accessors math.geometry.rect ;
+windows.nt windows threads libc combinators
+combinators.short-circuit continuations command-line shuffle
+opengl ui.render ascii math.bitwise locals symbols accessors
+math.geometry.rect math.order ascii calendar ;
 IN: ui.windows
 
 SINGLETON: windows-ui-backend
@@ -144,11 +145,6 @@ SYMBOLS: msg-obj class-name-ptr mouse-captured ;
 : alt? ( -- ? ) left-alt? right-alt? or ;
 : caps-lock? ( -- ? ) VK_CAPITAL GetKeyState zero? not ;
 
-: switch-case ( seq -- seq )
-    dup first CHAR: a >= [ >upper ] [ >lower ] if ;
-
-: switch-case? ( -- ? ) shift? caps-lock? xor not ;
-
 : key-modifiers ( -- seq )
     [
         shift? [ S+ , ] when
@@ -179,33 +175,53 @@ SYMBOLS: msg-obj class-name-ptr mouse-captured ;
 : exclude-key-wm-char? ( n -- bool )
     exclude-keys-wm-char key? ;
 
-: keystroke>gesture ( n -- mods sym ? )
-    dup wm-keydown-codes at* [
-        nip >r key-modifiers r> t
-    ] [
-        drop 1string >r key-modifiers r>
-        C+ pick member? >r A+ pick member? r> or [
-            shift? [ >lower ] unless f
-        ] [
-            switch-case? [ switch-case ] when t
-        ] if
-    ] if ;
+: keystroke>gesture ( n -- mods sym )
+    wm-keydown-codes at* [ key-modifiers swap ] [ drop f f ] if ;
+
+: send-key-gesture ( sym action? quot hWnd -- )
+    [ [ key-modifiers ] 3dip call ] dip
+    window-focus propagate-gesture ; inline
+
+: send-key-down ( sym action? hWnd -- )
+    [ [ <key-down> ] ] dip send-key-gesture ;
+
+: send-key-up ( sym action? hWnd -- )
+    [ [ <key-up> ] ] dip send-key-gesture ;
+
+: key-sym ( wParam -- string/f action? )
+    {
+        {
+            [ dup LETTER? ]
+            [ shift? caps-lock? xor [ CHAR: a + CHAR: A - ] unless 1string f ]
+        }
+        { [ dup digit? ] [ 1string f ] }
+        [ wm-keydown-codes at t ]
+    } cond ;
 
 :: handle-wm-keydown ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
     wParam exclude-key-wm-keydown? [
-        wParam keystroke>gesture <key-down>
-        hWnd window-focus send-gesture drop
+        wParam key-sym over [
+            dup ctrl? alt? xor or [
+                hWnd send-key-down
+            ] [ 2drop ] if
+        ] [ 2drop ] if
     ] unless ;
 
 :: handle-wm-char ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
-    wParam exclude-key-wm-char? ctrl? alt? xor or [
-        wParam 1string
-        hWnd window-focus user-input
+    wParam exclude-key-wm-char? [
+        ctrl? alt? xor [
+            wParam 1string
+            [ f hWnd send-key-down ]
+            [ hWnd window-focus user-input ] bi
+        ] unless
     ] unless ;
 
 :: handle-wm-keyup ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
-    wParam keystroke>gesture <key-up>
-    hWnd window-focus send-gesture drop ;
+    wParam exclude-key-wm-keydown? [
+        wParam key-sym over [
+            hWnd send-key-up
+        ] [ 2drop ] if
+    ] unless ;
 
 :: set-window-active ( hwnd uMsg wParam lParam ? -- n )
     ? hwnd window (>>active?)
@@ -241,20 +257,20 @@ M: windows-ui-backend (close-window)
 
 : message>button ( uMsg -- button down? )
     {
-        { [ dup WM_LBUTTONDOWN   = ] [ drop 1 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_LBUTTONUP     = ] [ drop 1 f ] }
-        { [ dup WM_MBUTTONDOWN   = ] [ drop 2 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_MBUTTONUP     = ] [ drop 2 f ] }
-        { [ dup WM_RBUTTONDOWN   = ] [ drop 3 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_RBUTTONUP     = ] [ drop 3 f ] }
+        { WM_LBUTTONDOWN   [ 1 t ] }
+        { WM_LBUTTONUP     [ 1 f ] }
+        { WM_MBUTTONDOWN   [ 2 t ] }
+        { WM_MBUTTONUP     [ 2 f ] }
+        { WM_RBUTTONDOWN   [ 3 t ] }
+        { WM_RBUTTONUP     [ 3 f ] }
 
-        { [ dup WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN = ] [ drop 1 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_NCLBUTTONUP   = ] [ drop 1 f ] }
-        { [ dup WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN = ] [ drop 2 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_NCMBUTTONUP   = ] [ drop 2 f ] }
-        { [ dup WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN = ] [ drop 3 t ] }
-        { [ dup WM_NCRBUTTONUP   = ] [ drop 3 f ] }
-    } cond ;
+        { WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN [ 1 t ] }
+        { WM_NCLBUTTONUP   [ 1 f ] }
+        { WM_NCMBUTTONDOWN [ 2 t ] }
+        { WM_NCMBUTTONUP   [ 2 f ] }
+        { WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN [ 3 t ] }
+        { WM_NCRBUTTONUP   [ 3 f ] }
+    } case ;
 
 ! If the user clicks in the window border ("non-client area")
 ! Windows sends us an NC[LMR]BUTTONDOWN message; but if the
@@ -268,20 +284,18 @@ SYMBOL: nc-buttons
     message>button nc-buttons get
     swap [ push ] [ delete ] if ;
 
-: >lo-hi ( WORD -- array ) [ lo-word ] keep hi-word 2array ;
-: mouse-wheel ( lParam -- array ) >lo-hi [ sgn neg ] map ;
+: >lo-hi ( WORD -- array ) [ lo-word ] [ hi-word ] bi 2array ;
 
-: mouse-absolute>relative ( lparam handle -- array )
-    >r >lo-hi r>
-    "RECT" <c-object> [ GetWindowRect win32-error=0/f ] keep
-    get-RECT-top-left 2array v- ;
+: mouse-wheel ( wParam -- array ) >lo-hi [ sgn neg ] map ;
 
 : mouse-event>gesture ( uMsg -- button )
     key-modifiers swap message>button
     [ <button-down> ] [ <button-up> ] if ;
 
-: prepare-mouse ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- button coordinate world )
-    nip >r mouse-event>gesture r> >lo-hi rot window ;
+:: prepare-mouse ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- button coordinate world )
+    uMsg mouse-event>gesture
+    lParam >lo-hi
+    hWnd window ;
 
 : set-capture ( hwnd -- )
     mouse-captured get [
@@ -296,10 +310,10 @@ SYMBOL: nc-buttons
     mouse-captured off ;
 
 : handle-wm-buttondown ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
-    >r >r
-    over set-capture
-    dup message>button drop nc-buttons get delete
-    r> r> prepare-mouse send-button-down ;
+    [
+        over set-capture
+        dup message>button drop nc-buttons get delete
+    ] 2dip prepare-mouse send-button-down ;
 
 : handle-wm-buttonup ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
     mouse-captured get [ release-capture ] when
@@ -321,9 +335,8 @@ SYMBOL: nc-buttons
     TrackMouseEvent drop
     >lo-hi swap window move-hand fire-motion ;
 
-: handle-wm-mousewheel ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
-    >r nip r>
-    pick mouse-absolute>relative >r mouse-wheel r> rot window send-wheel ;
+:: handle-wm-mousewheel ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
+    wParam mouse-wheel hand-loc get hWnd window send-wheel ;
 
 : handle-wm-cancelmode ( hWnd uMsg wParam lParam -- )
     #! message sent if windows needs application to stop dragging
@@ -381,11 +394,9 @@ SYMBOL: trace-messages?
 ! return 0 if you handle the message, else just let DefWindowProc return its val
 : ui-wndproc ( -- object )
     "uint" { "void*" "uint" "long" "long" } "stdcall" [
-        [
-            pick
-            trace-messages? get-global [ dup windows-message-name name>> print flush ] when
-            wm-handlers get-global at* [ call ] [ drop DefWindowProc ] if
-        ] ui-try
+        pick
+        trace-messages? get-global [ dup windows-message-name name>> print flush ] when
+        wm-handlers get-global at* [ call ] [ drop DefWindowProc ] if
      ] alien-callback ;
 
 : peek-message? ( msg -- ? ) f 0 0 PM_REMOVE PeekMessage zero? ;
@@ -420,7 +431,7 @@ M: windows-ui-backend do-events
     style 0 ex-style AdjustWindowRectEx win32-error=0/f ;
 
 : make-RECT ( world -- RECT )
-    dup window-loc>> dup rot rect-dim v+
+    [ window-loc>> dup ] [ rect-dim ] bi v+
     "RECT" <c-object>
     over first over set-RECT-right
     swap second over set-RECT-bottom
@@ -442,10 +453,11 @@ M: windows-ui-backend do-events
 
 : create-window ( rect -- hwnd )
     make-adjusted-RECT
-    >r class-name-ptr get-global f r>
-    >r >r >r ex-style r> r>
+    [ class-name-ptr get-global f ] dip
+    [
+        [ ex-style ] 2dip
         { WS_CLIPSIBLINGS WS_CLIPCHILDREN style } flags
-    r> get-RECT-dimensions
+    ] dip get-RECT-dimensions
     f f f GetModuleHandle f CreateWindowEx dup win32-error=0/f ;
 
 : show-window ( hWnd -- )
@@ -458,7 +470,7 @@ M: windows-ui-backend do-events
     "MSG" malloc-object msg-obj set-global
     "Factor-window" utf16n malloc-string class-name-ptr set-global
     register-wndclassex drop
-    GetDoubleClickTime double-click-timeout set-global ;
+    GetDoubleClickTime milliseconds double-click-timeout set-global ;
 
 : cleanup-win32-ui ( -- )
     class-name-ptr get-global [ dup f UnregisterClass drop free ] when*
@@ -501,7 +513,7 @@ M: windows-ui-backend raise-window* ( world -- )
 M: windows-ui-backend set-title ( string world -- )
     handle>>
     dup title>> [ free ] when*
-    >r utf16n malloc-string r>
+    [ utf16n malloc-string ] dip
     2dup (>>title)
     hWnd>> WM_SETTEXT 0 roll alien-address SendMessage drop ;
 
diff --git a/basis/ui/x11/x11.factor b/basis/ui/x11/x11.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index e3c8421080..b65236d1f9
--- a/basis/ui/x11/x11.factor
+++ b/basis/ui/x11/x11.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ x11.events x11.xim x11.glx x11.clipboard x11.constants
 x11.windows io.encodings.string io.encodings.ascii
 io.encodings.utf8 combinators debugger command-line qualified
 math.vectors classes.tuple opengl.gl threads math.geometry.rect
-environment ;
+environment ascii ;
 IN: ui.x11
 
 SINGLETON: x11-ui-backend
@@ -67,31 +67,45 @@ M: world configure-event
 : event-modifiers ( event -- seq )
     XKeyEvent-state modifiers modifier ;
 
+: valid-input? ( string gesture -- ? )
+    over empty? [ 2drop f ] [
+        mods>> { f { S+ } } member? [
+            [ [ 127 = not ] [ CHAR: \s >= ] bi and ] all?
+        ] [
+            [ [ 127 = not ] [ CHAR: \s >= ] [ alpha? not ] tri and and ] all?
+        ] if
+    ] if ;
+
 : key-down-event>gesture ( event world -- string gesture )
     dupd
     handle>> xic>> lookup-string
-    >r swap event-modifiers r> key-code <key-down> ;
+    [ swap event-modifiers ] dip key-code <key-down> ;
 
 M: world key-down-event
-    [ key-down-event>gesture ] keep world-focus
-    [ send-gesture ] keep swap [ user-input ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+    [ key-down-event>gesture ] keep
+    world-focus
+    [ propagate-gesture drop ]
+    [ 2over valid-input? [ nip user-input ] [ 3drop ] if ]
+    3bi ;
 
 : key-up-event>gesture ( event -- gesture )
     dup event-modifiers swap 0 XLookupKeysym key-code <key-up> ;
 
 M: world key-up-event
-    >r key-up-event>gesture r> world-focus send-gesture drop ;
+    [ key-up-event>gesture ] dip world-focus propagate-gesture ;
 
 : mouse-event>gesture ( event -- modifiers button loc )
-    dup event-modifiers over XButtonEvent-button
-    rot mouse-event-loc ;
+    [ event-modifiers ]
+    [ XButtonEvent-button ]
+    [ mouse-event-loc ]
+    tri ;
 
 M: world button-down-event
-    >r mouse-event>gesture >r <button-down> r> r>
+    [ mouse-event>gesture [ <button-down> ] dip ] dip
     send-button-down ;
 
 M: world button-up-event
-    >r mouse-event>gesture >r <button-up> r> r>
+    [ mouse-event>gesture [ <button-up> ] dip ] dip
     send-button-up ;
 
 : mouse-event>scroll-direction ( event -- pair )
@@ -103,7 +117,7 @@ M: world button-up-event
     } at ;
 
 M: world wheel-event
-    >r dup mouse-event>scroll-direction swap mouse-event-loc r>
+    [ [ mouse-event>scroll-direction ] [ mouse-event-loc ] bi ] dip
     send-wheel ;
 
 M: world enter-event motion-event ;
@@ -111,7 +125,7 @@ M: world enter-event motion-event ;
 M: world leave-event 2drop forget-rollover ;
 
 M: world motion-event
-    >r dup XMotionEvent-x swap XMotionEvent-y 2array r>
+    [ [ XMotionEvent-x ] [ XMotionEvent-y ] bi 2array ] dip
     move-hand fire-motion ;
 
 M: world focus-in-event
@@ -132,10 +146,10 @@ M: world selection-notify-event
 
 : clipboard-for-atom ( atom -- clipboard )
     {
-        { [ dup XA_PRIMARY = ] [ drop selection get ] }
-        { [ dup XA_CLIPBOARD = ] [ drop clipboard get ] }
+        { XA_PRIMARY [ selection get ] }
+        { XA_CLIPBOARD [ clipboard get ] }
         [ drop <clipboard> ]
-    } cond ;
+    } case ;
 
 : encode-clipboard ( string type -- bytes )
     XSelectionRequestEvent-target
@@ -146,7 +160,7 @@ M: world selection-notify-event
     [ XSelectionRequestEvent-requestor ] keep
     [ XSelectionRequestEvent-property ] keep
     [ XSelectionRequestEvent-target ] keep
-    >r 8 PropModeReplace r>
+    [ 8 PropModeReplace ] dip
     [
         XSelectionRequestEvent-selection
         clipboard-for-atom contents>>
@@ -185,7 +199,7 @@ M: world client-event
 
 M: x11-ui-backend do-events
     wait-event dup XAnyEvent-window window dup
-    [ [ 2dup handle-event ] assert-depth ] when 2drop ;
+    [ handle-event ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : x-clipboard@ ( gadget clipboard -- prop win )
     atom>> swap
@@ -196,8 +210,7 @@ M: x-clipboard copy-clipboard
     (>>contents) ;
 
 M: x-clipboard paste-clipboard
-    >r find-world handle>> window>>
-    r> atom>> convert-selection ;
+    [ find-world handle>> window>> ] dip atom>> convert-selection ;
 
 : init-clipboard ( -- )
     XA_PRIMARY <x-clipboard> selection set-global
@@ -207,14 +220,13 @@ M: x-clipboard paste-clipboard
     dup [ 127 <= ] all? [ XStoreName drop ] [ 3drop ] if ;
 
 : set-title-new ( dpy window string -- )
-    >r
-    XA_NET_WM_NAME XA_UTF8_STRING 8 PropModeReplace
-    r> utf8 encode dup length XChangeProperty drop ;
+    [ XA_NET_WM_NAME XA_UTF8_STRING 8 PropModeReplace ] dip
+    utf8 encode dup length XChangeProperty drop ;
 
 M: x11-ui-backend set-title ( string world -- )
-    handle>> window>> swap dpy get -rot
-    3dup set-title-old set-title-new ;
-    
+    handle>> window>> swap
+    [ dpy get ] 2dip [ set-title-old ] [ set-title-new ] 3bi ;
+
 M: x11-ui-backend set-fullscreen* ( ? world -- )
     handle>> window>> "XClientMessageEvent" <c-object>
     tuck set-XClientMessageEvent-window
@@ -225,8 +237,7 @@ M: x11-ui-backend set-fullscreen* ( ? world -- )
     "_NET_WM_STATE" x-atom over set-XClientMessageEvent-message_type
     32 over set-XClientMessageEvent-format
     "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN" x-atom over set-XClientMessageEvent-data1
-    >r dpy get root get 0 SubstructureNotifyMask r> XSendEvent drop ;
-
+    [ dpy get root get 0 SubstructureNotifyMask ] dip XSendEvent drop ;
 
 M: x11-ui-backend (open-window) ( world -- )
     dup gadget-window
diff --git a/basis/unicode/case/case.factor b/basis/unicode/case/case.factor
index 3def7b5f48..932f72960a 100644
--- a/basis/unicode/case/case.factor
+++ b/basis/unicode/case/case.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ unicode.normalize math unicode.categories combinators
 assocs strings splitting kernel accessors ;
 IN: unicode.case
 
-: at-default ( key assoc -- value/key ) over >r at r> or ;
+: at-default ( key assoc -- value/key ) [ at ] [ drop ] 2bi or ;
 
 : ch>lower ( ch -- lower ) simple-lower at-default ;
 : ch>upper ( ch -- upper ) simple-upper at-default ;
diff --git a/basis/unicode/data/data.factor b/basis/unicode/data/data.factor
index 31d0be799f..80cf40fbf1 100644
--- a/basis/unicode/data/data.factor
+++ b/basis/unicode/data/data.factor
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ VALUE: properties
 : (process-data) ( index data -- newdata )
     filter-comments
     [ [ nth ] keep first swap ] with { } map>assoc
-    [ >r hex> r> ] assoc-map ;
+    [ [ hex> ] dip ] assoc-map ;
 
 : process-data ( index data -- hash )
     (process-data) [ hex> ] assoc-map [ nip ] assoc-filter >hashtable ;
diff --git a/basis/unicode/normalize/normalize.factor b/basis/unicode/normalize/normalize.factor
index 8d6f6e888a..35bdda67f0 100644
--- a/basis/unicode/normalize/normalize.factor
+++ b/basis/unicode/normalize/normalize.factor
@@ -27,14 +27,17 @@ IN: unicode.normalize
 
 : hangul>jamo ( hangul -- jamo-string )
     hangul-base - final-count /mod final-base +
-    >r medial-count /mod medial-base +
-    >r initial-base + r> r>
+    [
+        medial-count /mod medial-base +
+        [ initial-base + ] dip
+    ] dip
     dup final-base = [ drop 2array ] [ 3array ] if ;
 
 : jamo>hangul ( initial medial final -- hangul )
-    >r >r initial-base - medial-count *
-    r> medial-base - + final-count *
-    r> final-base - + hangul-base + ;
+    [
+        [ initial-base - medial-count * ] dip
+        medial-base - + final-count *
+    ] dip final-base - + hangul-base + ;
 
 ! Normalization -- Decomposition 
 
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ IN: unicode.normalize
 : reorder-next ( string i -- new-i done? )
     over [ non-starter? ] find-from drop [
         reorder-slice
-        >r dup [ combining-class ] insertion-sort to>> r>
+        [ dup [ combining-class ] insertion-sort to>> ] dip
     ] [ length t ] if* ;
 
 : reorder-loop ( string start -- )
diff --git a/basis/unix/bsd/bsd.factor b/basis/unix/bsd/bsd.factor
index bd66c5253e..bf426ad867 100644
--- a/basis/unix/bsd/bsd.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/bsd/bsd.factor
@@ -83,16 +83,6 @@ C-STRUCT: passwd
 : SEEK_CUR 1 ; inline
 : SEEK_END 2 ; inline
 
-: DT_UNKNOWN   0 ; inline
-: DT_FIFO      1 ; inline
-: DT_CHR       2 ; inline
-: DT_DIR       4 ; inline
-: DT_BLK       6 ; inline
-: DT_REG       8 ; inline
-: DT_LNK      10 ; inline
-: DT_SOCK     12 ; inline
-: DT_WHT      14 ; inline
-
 os {
     { macosx  [ "unix.bsd.macosx"  require ] }
     { freebsd [ "unix.bsd.freebsd" require ] }
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/freebsd.factor b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/freebsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d9cab577e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/freebsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.getfsstat.freebsd
+
+: MNT_WAIT        1       ; inline ! synchronously wait for I/O to complete
+: MNT_NOWAIT      2       ; inline ! start all I/O, but do not wait for it 
+: MNT_LAZY        3       ; inline ! push data not written by filesystem syncer 
+: MNT_SUSPEND     4       ; inline ! Suspend file system after sync 
+
+FUNCTION: int getfsstat ( statfs* buf, int bufsize, int flags ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/freebsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/authors.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/macosx.factor b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/macosx.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe39f8556b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.getfsstat.macosx
+
+: MNT_WAIT    1   ; inline ! synchronously wait for I/O to complete
+: MNT_NOWAIT  2   ; inline ! start all I/O, but do not wait for it
+
+FUNCTION: int getfsstat64 ( statfs* buf, int bufsize, int flags ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/tags.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/macosx/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/netbsd.factor b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/netbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c8941a653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/netbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.getfsstat.netbsd
+
+: MNT_WAIT        1       ; inline ! synchronously wait for I/O to complete
+: MNT_NOWAIT      2       ; inline ! start all I/O, but do not wait for it 
+: MNT_LAZY        3       ; inline ! push data not written by filesystem syncer 
+
+FUNCTION: int getvfsstat ( statfs* buf, int bufsize, int flags ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/netbsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/openbsd.factor b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/openbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8bf692bd9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/openbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.getfsstat.openbsd
+
+: MNT_WAIT        1       ; ! synchronously wait for I/O to complete
+: MNT_NOWAIT      2       ; ! start all I/O, but do not wait for it
+: MNT_LAZY        3       ; ! push data not written by filesystem syncer
+
+FUNCTION: int getfsstat ( statfs* buf, int bufsize, int flags ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/getfsstat/openbsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/groups/groups-tests.factor b/basis/unix/groups/groups-tests.factor
index 9e7122fc34..7e7ebd902a 100644
--- a/basis/unix/groups/groups-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/groups/groups-tests.factor
@@ -22,3 +22,5 @@ IN: unix.groups.tests
 
 [ ] [ effective-group-name [ ] with-effective-group ] unit-test
 [ ] [ effective-group-id [ ] with-effective-group ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [ [ ] with-group-cache ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/unix/groups/groups.factor b/basis/unix/groups/groups.factor
index b8edf7fa36..177949aec9 100644
--- a/basis/unix/groups/groups.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/groups/groups.factor
@@ -76,9 +76,11 @@ M: integer user-groups ( id -- seq )
 : all-groups ( -- seq )
     [ getgrent dup ] [ group-struct>group ] [ drop ] produce ;
 
+: <group-cache> ( -- assoc )
+    all-groups [ [ id>> ] keep ] H{ } map>assoc ;
+
 : with-group-cache ( quot -- )
-    all-groups [ [ id>> ] keep ] H{ } map>assoc
-    group-cache rot with-variable ; inline
+    [ <group-cache> group-cache ] dip with-variable ; inline
 
 : real-group-id ( -- id )
     getgid ; inline
diff --git a/basis/unix/process/process.factor b/basis/unix/process/process.factor
index 030f0977e2..175425f948 100644
--- a/basis/unix/process/process.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/process/process.factor
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ FUNCTION: int execve ( char* path, char** argv, char** envp ) ;
     [ first ] [ ] bi exec-with-path ;
 
 : exec-args-with-env  ( seq seq -- int )
-    >r [ first ] [ ] bi r> exec-with-env ;
+    [ [ first ] [ ] bi ] dip exec-with-env ;
 
 : with-fork ( child parent -- )
     [ [ fork-process dup zero? ] dip [ drop ] prepose ] dip
diff --git a/basis/unix/stat/stat.factor b/basis/unix/stat/stat.factor
index 17d6604fc0..a3b0ed11b7 100644
--- a/basis/unix/stat/stat.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/stat/stat.factor
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ IN: unix.stat
 : S_IFIFO  OCT: 010000 ; inline   ! FIFO.
 : S_IFLNK  OCT: 120000 ; inline   ! Symbolic link.
 : S_IFSOCK OCT: 140000 ; inline   ! Socket.
+: S_IFWHT  OCT: 160000 ; inline   ! Whiteout.
 
 FUNCTION: int chmod ( char* path, mode_t mode ) ;
 FUNCTION: int fchmod ( int fd, mode_t mode ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor
index b6179a4ad7..038178f6f8 100644
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/statfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor
@@ -1,53 +1,34 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.syntax kernel unix math accessors
-combinators system io.backend alien.c-types unix.statfs 
-io.files ;
+USING: alien.syntax ;
 IN: unix.statfs.freebsd
 
-: ST_RDONLY       1 ; inline
-: ST_NOSUID       2 ; inline
+: MFSNAMELEN      16            ; inline ! length of type name including null */
+: MNAMELEN        88            ; inline ! size of on/from name bufs
+: STATFS_VERSION  HEX: 20030518 ; inline ! current version number 
 
-C-STRUCT: statvfs               
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bavail" }
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bfree" }
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_blocks" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_favail" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_ffree" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_files" }
-    { "ulong" "f_bsize" }
-    { "ulong" "f_flag" }
-    { "ulong" "f_frsize" }
-    { "ulong" "f_fsid" }
-    { "ulong" "f_namemax" } ;
+C-STRUCT: statfs
+    { "uint32_t" "f_version" }
+    { "uint32_t" "f_type" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_flags" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_bsize" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_iosize" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_blocks" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_bfree" }
+    { "int64_t"  "f_bavail" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_files" }
+    { "int64_t"  "f_ffree" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_syncwrites" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_asyncwrites" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_syncreads" }
+    { "uint64_t" "f_asyncreads" }
+    { { "uint64_t" 10 } "f_spare" }
+    { "uint32_t" "f_namemax" }
+    { "uid_t"    "f_owner" }
+    { "fsid_t"   "f_fsid" }
+    { { "char" 80 } "f_charspare" }
+    { { "char" MFSNAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
+    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntfromname" }
+    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntonname" } ;
 
-FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
-
-TUPLE: freebsd-file-system-info < file-system-info
-bavail bfree blocks favail ffree files
-bsize flag frsize fsid namemax ;
-
-M: freebsd >file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
-    [ \ freebsd-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statvfs-f_bsize ]
-            [ statvfs-f_bavail ] bi * >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bavail >>bavail ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bfree >>bfree ]
-        [ statvfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statvfs-f_favail >>favail ]
-        [ statvfs-f_ffree >>ffree ]
-        [ statvfs-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bsize >>bsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_flag >>flag ]
-        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>frsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_fsid >>fsid ]
-        [ statvfs-f_namemax >>namemax ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: freebsd file-system-info ( path -- byte-array )
-    normalize-path
-    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error
-    >file-system-info ;
+FUNCTION: int statfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/32.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/32.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 6658d5942d..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/32.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.c-types combinators kernel unix.stat
-math accessors system unix io.backend layouts vocabs.loader
-alien.syntax unix.statfs io.files ;
-IN: unix.statfs.linux
-
-C-STRUCT: statfs
-    { "long"    "f_type" }
-    { "long"    "f_bsize" }
-    { "long"    "f_blocks" }
-    { "long"    "f_bfree" }
-    { "long"    "f_bavail" }
-    { "long"    "f_files" }
-    { "long"    "f_ffree" }
-    { "fsid_t"  "f_fsid" }
-    { "long"    "f_namelen" } ;
-
-FUNCTION: int statfs ( char* path, statfs* buf ) ;
-
-TUPLE: linux32-file-system-info < file-system-info
-type bsize blocks bfree bavail files ffree fsid
-namelen frsize spare ;
-
-M: linux >file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
-    [ \ linux32-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statfs-f_bsize ]
-            [ statfs-f_bavail ] bi * >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statfs-f_type >>type ]
-        [ statfs-f_bsize >>bsize ]
-        [ statfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statfs-f_bfree >>bfree ]
-        [ statfs-f_bavail >>bavail ]
-        [ statfs-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statfs-f_ffree >>ffree ]
-        [ statfs-f_fsid >>fsid ]
-        [ statfs-f_namelen >>namelen ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: linux file-system-info ( path -- byte-array )
-    normalize-path
-    "statfs" <c-object> tuck statfs io-error
-    >file-system-info ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/32/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/64.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/64.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 3bf2644e12..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/64.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.c-types combinators kernel unix.stat
-math accessors system unix io.backend layouts vocabs.loader
-alien.syntax unix.statfs io.files ;
-IN: unix.statfs.linux
-
-C-STRUCT: statfs64
-    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_type" }
-    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_bsize" }
-    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_blocks" }
-    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bfree" }
-    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bavail" }
-    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_files" }
-    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_ffree" }
-    { "__fsid_t" "f_fsid" }
-    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_namelen" }
-    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_frsize" }
-    { { "__SWORD_TYPE" 5 } "f_spare" } ;
-
-FUNCTION: int statfs64 ( char* path, statfs64* buf ) ;
-
-TUPLE: linux64-file-system-info < file-system-info
-type bsize blocks bfree bavail files ffree fsid
-namelen frsize spare ;
-
-M: linux >file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
-    [ \ linux64-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statfs64-f_bsize ]
-            [ statfs64-f_bavail ] bi * >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statfs64-f_type >>type ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bsize >>bsize ]
-        [ statfs64-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bfree >>bfree ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bavail >>bavail ]
-        [ statfs64-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statfs64-f_ffree >>ffree ]
-        [ statfs64-f_fsid >>fsid ]
-        [ statfs64-f_namelen >>namelen ]
-        [ statfs64-f_frsize >>frsize ]
-        [ statfs64-f_spare >>spare ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: linux file-system-info ( path -- byte-array )
-    normalize-path
-    "statfs64" <c-object> tuck statfs64 io-error
-    >file-system-info ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/64/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/linux.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/linux.factor
index aae8d09145..6550ee572e 100644
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/linux/linux.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/statfs/linux/linux.factor
@@ -1,43 +1,19 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.c-types combinators kernel io.files unix.stat
-math accessors system unix io.backend layouts vocabs.loader
-sequences csv io.streams.string io.encodings.utf8 namespaces
-unix.statfs io.files ;
+USING: alien.syntax ;
 IN: unix.statfs.linux
 
-cell-bits {
-    { 32 [ "unix.statfs.linux.32" require ] }
-    { 64 [ "unix.statfs.linux.64" require ] }
-} case
+C-STRUCT: statfs64
+    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_type" }
+    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_bsize" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_blocks" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bfree" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bavail" }
+    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_files" }
+    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_ffree" }
+    { "__fsid_t" "f_fsid" }
+    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_namelen" }
+    { "__SWORD_TYPE" "f_frsize" }
+    { { "__SWORD_TYPE" 5 } "f_spare" } ;
 
-TUPLE: mtab-entry file-system-name mount-point type options
-frequency pass-number ;
-
-: mtab-csv>mtab-entry ( csv -- mtab-entry )
-    [ mtab-entry new ] dip
-    {
-        [ first >>file-system-name ]
-        [ second >>mount-point ]
-        [ third >>type ]
-        [ fourth <string-reader> csv first >>options ]
-        [ 4 swap nth >>frequency ]
-        [ 5 swap nth >>pass-number ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-: parse-mtab ( -- array )
-    [
-        "/etc/mtab" utf8 <file-reader>
-        CHAR: \s delimiter set csv
-    ] with-scope
-    [ mtab-csv>mtab-entry ] map ;
-
-M: linux mounted
-    parse-mtab [
-        [ mount-point>> file-system-info ] keep
-        {
-            [ file-system-name>> >>device-name ]
-            [ mount-point>> >>mount-point ]
-            [ type>> >>type ]
-        } cleave
-    ] map ;
+FUNCTION: int statfs64 ( char* path, statfs64* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/macosx/macosx.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/macosx/macosx.factor
index 6bf09fcdc0..210e9fbe12 100644
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/macosx/macosx.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/statfs/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien.c-types io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.string
 kernel sequences unix.stat accessors unix combinators math
-grouping system unix.statfs io.files io.backend alien.strings
-math.bitwise alien.syntax ;
+grouping system alien.strings math.bitwise alien.syntax ;
 IN: unix.statfs.macosx
 
 : MNT_RDONLY  HEX: 00000001 ; inline
@@ -116,50 +115,3 @@ C-STRUCT: statfs64
 
 FUNCTION: int statfs64 ( char* path, statfs64* buf ) ;
 FUNCTION: int getmntinfo64 ( statfs64** mntbufp, int flags ) ;
-
-
-TUPLE: macosx-file-system-info < file-system-info
-block-size io-size blocks blocks-free blocks-available files
-files-free file-system-id owner type-id flags filesystem-subtype ;
-
-M: macosx mounted ( -- array )
-    f <void*> dup 0 getmntinfo64 dup io-error
-    [ *void* ] dip
-    "statfs64" heap-size [ * memory>byte-array ] keep group
-    [ >file-system-info ] map ;
-
-M: macosx >file-system-info ( byte-array -- file-system-info )
-    [ \ macosx-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statfs64-f_bavail ] [ statfs64-f_bsize ] bi *
-            >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statfs64-f_mntonname utf8 alien>string >>mount-point ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bsize >>block-size ]
-
-        [ statfs64-f_iosize >>io-size ]
-        [ statfs64-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
-        [ statfs64-f_bavail >>blocks-available ]
-        [ statfs64-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statfs64-f_ffree >>files-free ]
-        [ statfs64-f_fsid >>file-system-id ]
-        [ statfs64-f_owner >>owner ]
-        [ statfs64-f_type >>type-id ]
-        [ statfs64-f_flags >>flags ]
-        [ statfs64-f_fssubtype >>filesystem-subtype ]
-        [
-            statfs64-f_fstypename utf8 alien>string
-            >>type
-        ]
-        [
-            statfs64-f_mntfromname
-            utf8 alien>string >>device-name
-        ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: macosx file-system-info ( path -- file-system-info )
-    normalize-path
-    "statfs64" <c-object> tuck statfs64 io-error
-    >file-system-info ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 56c632edb4..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.syntax kernel unix.stat math unix
-combinators system io.backend accessors alien.c-types
-io.encodings.utf8 alien.strings unix.types unix.statfs io.files ;
-IN: unix.statfs.netbsd
-
-: _VFS_NAMELEN    32   ; inline
-: _VFS_MNAMELEN   1024 ; inline
-
-C-STRUCT: statvfs
-    { "ulong"   "f_flag" }   
-    { "ulong"   "f_bsize" }
-    { "ulong"   "f_frsize" }  
-    { "ulong"   "f_iosize" }  
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_blocks" }       
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bfree" } 
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bavail" }       
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bresvd" }       
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_files" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_ffree" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_favail" }       
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_fresvd" }       
-    { "uint64_t"   "f_syncreads" }    
-    { "uint64_t"   "f_syncwrites" }   
-    { "uint64_t"   "f_asyncreads" }   
-    { "uint64_t"   "f_asyncwrites" }  
-    { "fsid_t"    "f_fsidx" }
-    { "ulong"   "f_fsid" }
-    { "ulong"   "f_namemax" }      
-    { "uid_t"   "f_owner" }
-    { { "uint32_t" 4 } "f_spare" }     
-    { { "char" _VFS_NAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
-    { { "char" _VFS_NAMELEN } "f_mntonname" }
-    { { "char" _VFS_NAMELEN } "f_mntfromname" } ;
-
-FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs *buf ) ;
-
-TUPLE: netbsd-file-system-info < file-system-info
-flag bsize frsize io-size
-blocks blocks-free blocks-available blocks-reserved
-files ffree sync-reads sync-writes async-reads async-writes
-fsidx fsid namemax owner spare fstype mnotonname mntfromname
-file-system-type-name mount-from ;
-
-M: netbsd >file-system-info ( byte-array -- netbsd-file-system-info )
-    [ \ netbsd-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statvfs-f_bsize ]
-            [ statvfs-f_bavail ] bi * >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statvfs-f_flag >>flag ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bsize >>bsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>frsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_iosize >>io-size ]
-        [ statvfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bfree >>blocks-free ]
-        [ statvfs-f_favail >>blocks-available ]
-        [ statvfs-f_fresvd >>blocks-reserved ]
-        [ statvfs-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statvfs-f_ffree >>ffree ]
-        [ statvfs-f_syncreads >>sync-reads ]
-        [ statvfs-f_syncwrites >>sync-writes ]
-        [ statvfs-f_asyncreads >>async-reads ]
-        [ statvfs-f_asyncwrites >>async-writes ]
-        [ statvfs-f_fsidx >>fsidx ]
-        [ statvfs-f_namemax >>namemax ]
-        [ statvfs-f_owner >>owner ]
-        [ statvfs-f_spare >>spare ]
-        [ statvfs-f_fstypename utf8 alien>string >>file-system-type-name ]
-        [ statvfs-f_mntonname utf8 alien>string >>mount-point ]
-        [ statvfs-f_mntfromname utf8 alien>string >>mount-from ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: netbsd file-system-info
-    normalize-path "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error 
-    >file-system-info ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/32.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/32.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index aa1e8425dc..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/32.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.syntax kernel unix ; 
-IN: unix.statfs.openbsd.32
-
-: MFSNAMELEN 16 ; inline
-: MNAMELEN 90 ; inline
-
-C-STRUCT: statfs
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_flags" }
-    { "int32_t"    "f_bsize" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_iosize" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_blocks" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_bfree" }
-    { "int32_t"    "f_bavail" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_files" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_ffree" }
-    { "fsid_t"     "f_fsid" }
-    { "uid_t"      "f_owner" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_syncwrites" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_asyncwrites" }
-    { "u_int32_t"  "f_ctime" }
-    { { "u_int32_t" 3 }  "f_spare" }
-    { { "char" MFSNAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
-    { { "char" MNAMELEN }   "f_mntonname" }  
-    { { "char" MNAMELEN }   "f_mntfromname" } ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/32/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/64.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/64.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index fd40fba033..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/64.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.syntax unix ;
-IN: unix.statfs.openbsd.64
-
-: MFSNAMELEN 16 ; inline
-: MNAMELEN 90 ; inline
-
-C-STRUCT: statfss
-    { "u_int32_t"      "f_flags" }
-    { "u_int32_t"      "f_bsize" }
-    { "u_int32_t"      "f_iosize" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_blocks" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_bfree" }
-    { "int64_t"        "f_bavail" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_files" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_ffree" }
-    { "int64_t"        "f_favail" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_syncwrites" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_syncreads" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_asyncwrites" }
-    { "u_int64_t"      "f_asyncreads" }
-    { "fsid_t"         "f_fsid" }
-    { "u_int32_t"      "f_namemax" }
-    { "uid_t"          "f_owner" }
-    { "u_int32_t"      "f_ctime" }
-    { { "u_int32_t" 3 } " f_spare" }
-    { { "char" MFSNAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
-    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntonname" }
-    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntfromname" }
-    { { "char" 512 } "mount_info" } ;
-    ! { "mount_info" "mount_info" } ;                                        
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/64/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b4bd0e7b35..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Doug Coleman
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor
index fa86ef2bc2..378e335c11 100644
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/statfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor
@@ -1,53 +1,33 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien.syntax accessors combinators kernel
-unix.types math system io.backend alien.c-types unix
-unix.statfs io.files ;
+USING: alien.syntax ;
 IN: unix.statfs.openbsd
 
-C-STRUCT: statvfs
-    { "ulong" "f_bsize" }
-    { "ulong" "f_frsize" }
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_blocks" }
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bfree" }
-    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bavail" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_files" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_ffree" }
-    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_favail" }
-    { "ulong" "f_fsid" }
-    { "ulong" "f_flag" }
-    { "ulong" "f_namemax" } ;
+: MFSNAMELEN 16 ; inline
+: MNAMELEN 90 ; inline
 
-: ST_RDONLY       1 ; inline
-: ST_NOSUID       2 ; inline
+C-STRUCT: statfs
+    { "u_int32_t"       "f_flags" }
+    { "u_int32_t"       "f_bsize" }
+    { "u_int32_t"       "f_iosize" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_blocks" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_bfree" }
+    { "int64_t"         "f_bavail" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_files" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_ffree" }
+    { "int64_t"         "f_favail" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_syncwrites" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_syncreads" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_asyncwrites" }
+    { "u_int64_t"       "f_asyncreads" }
+    { "fsid_t"          "f_fsid" }
+    { "u_int32_t"       "f_namemax" }
+    { "uid_t"           "f_owner" }
+    { "u_int32_t"       "f_ctime" }
+    { { "u_int32_t" 3 } "f_spare" }
+    { { "char" MFSNAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
+    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntonname" }
+    { { "char" MNAMELEN } "f_mntfromname" }
+    { { "char" 160 } "mount_info" } ;
 
-FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
-
-TUPLE: openbsd-file-system-info < file-system-info
-bsize frsize blocks bfree bavail files ffree favail
-fsid flag namemax ;
-
-M: openbsd >file-system-info ( struct -- statfs )
-    [ \ openbsd-file-system-info new ] dip
-    {
-        [
-            [ statvfs-f_bsize ]
-            [ statvfs-f_bavail ] bi * >>free-space
-        ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bsize >>bsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_frsize >>frsize ]
-        [ statvfs-f_blocks >>blocks ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bfree >>bfree ]
-        [ statvfs-f_bavail >>bavail ]
-        [ statvfs-f_files >>files ]
-        [ statvfs-f_ffree >>ffree ]
-        [ statvfs-f_favail >>favail ]
-        [ statvfs-f_fsid >>fsid ]
-        [ statvfs-f_flag >>flag ]
-        [ statvfs-f_namemax >>namemax ]
-    } cleave ;
-
-M: openbsd file-system-info ( path -- byte-array )
-    normalize-path
-    "statvfs" <c-object> tuck statvfs io-error
-    >file-system-info ;
+FUNCTION: int statfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/statfs-tests.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/statfs-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 39bc77fc87..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/statfs-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: tools.test unix.statfs ;
-IN: unix.statfs.tests
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/statfs.factor b/basis/unix/statfs/statfs.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index e77ef37b0f..0000000000
--- a/basis/unix/statfs/statfs.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: sequences system vocabs.loader combinators accessors
-kernel math.order sorting ;
-IN: unix.statfs
-
-TUPLE: file-system-info root-directory total-free-size total-size ;
-
-HOOK: >file-system-info os ( struct -- statfs )
-
-HOOK: mounted os ( -- array )
-
-os {
-    { linux   [ "unix.statfs.linux"   require ] }
-    { macosx  [ "unix.statfs.macosx"  require ] }
-    { freebsd [ "unix.statfs.freebsd" require ] }
-    { netbsd  [ "unix.statfs.netbsd"  require ] }
-    { openbsd [ "unix.statfs.openbsd" require ] }
-} case
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d1a6afb61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/freebsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.statvfs.freebsd
+
+C-STRUCT: statvfs
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_bavail" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_bfree" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_blocks" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_favail" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_ffree" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_files" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_bsize" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_flag" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_frsize" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_fsid" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_namemax" } ;
+
+! Flags
+: ST_RDONLY   HEX: 1 ; inline ! Read-only file system
+: ST_NOSUID   HEX: 2 ; inline ! Does not honor setuid/setgid
+
+FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/freebsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/linux.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/linux.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bfbffa197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/linux.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.statvfs.linux
+
+C-STRUCT: statvfs64
+    { "ulong" "f_bsize" }
+    { "ulong" "f_frsize" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_blocks" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bfree" }
+    { "__fsblkcnt64_t" "f_bavail" }
+    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_files" }
+    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_ffree" }
+    { "__fsfilcnt64_t" "f_favail" }
+    { "ulong" "f_fsid" }
+    { "ulong" "f_flag" }
+    { "ulong" "f_namemax" }
+    { { "int" 6 } "__f_spare" } ;
+
+FUNCTION: int statvfs64 ( char* path, statvfs64* buf ) ;
+
+: ST_RDONLY 1 ; inline        ! Mount read-only.
+: ST_NOSUID 2 ; inline        ! Ignore suid and sgid bits.
+: ST_NODEV 4 ; inline         ! Disallow access to device special files.
+: ST_NOEXEC 8 ; inline        ! Disallow program execution.
+: ST_SYNCHRONOUS 16 ; inline  ! Writes are synced at once.
+: ST_MANDLOCK 64 ; inline     ! Allow mandatory locks on an FS.
+: ST_WRITE 128 ; inline       ! Write on file/directory/symlink.
+: ST_APPEND 256 ; inline      ! Append-only file.
+: ST_IMMUTABLE 512 ; inline   ! Immutable file.
+: ST_NOATIME 1024 ; inline    ! Do not update access times.
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/linux/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/macosx.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/macosx.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7078ff9f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.statvfs.macosx
+
+C-STRUCT: statvfs
+    { "ulong"   "f_bsize" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_frsize" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_blocks" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_bfree" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t"  "f_bavail" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_files" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_ffree" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t"  "f_favail" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_fsid" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_flag" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_namemax" } ;
+
+! Flags
+: ST_RDONLY   HEX: 1 ; inline ! Read-only file system
+: ST_NOSUID   HEX: 2 ; inline ! Does not honor setuid/setgid
+
+FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/macosx/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf575c74b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/netbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.statvfs.netbsd
+
+: _VFS_NAMELEN    32   ; inline
+: _VFS_MNAMELEN   1024 ; inline
+
+C-STRUCT: statvfs
+    { "ulong"   "f_flag" }   
+    { "ulong"   "f_bsize" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_frsize" }  
+    { "ulong"   "f_iosize" }  
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_blocks" }       
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bfree" } 
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bavail" }       
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bresvd" }       
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_files" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_ffree" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_favail" }       
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_fresvd" }       
+    { "uint64_t"   "f_syncreads" }    
+    { "uint64_t"   "f_syncwrites" }   
+    { "uint64_t"   "f_asyncreads" }   
+    { "uint64_t"   "f_asyncwrites" }  
+    { "fsid_t"    "f_fsidx" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_fsid" }
+    { "ulong"   "f_namemax" }      
+    { "uid_t"   "f_owner" }
+    { { "uint32_t" 4 } "f_spare" }     
+    { { "char" _VFS_NAMELEN } "f_fstypename" }
+    { { "char" _VFS_MNAMELEN } "f_mntonname" }
+    { { "char" _VFS_MNAMELEN } "f_mntfromname" } ;
+
+FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/netbsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/authors.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c1b2f2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Doug Coleman
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f9353f926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/openbsd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: alien.syntax ;
+IN: unix.statvfs.openbsd
+
+C-STRUCT: statvfs
+    { "ulong" "f_bsize" }
+    { "ulong" "f_frsize" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_blocks" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bfree" }
+    { "fsblkcnt_t" "f_bavail" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_files" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_ffree" }
+    { "fsfilcnt_t" "f_favail" }
+    { "ulong" "f_fsid" }
+    { "ulong" "f_flag" }
+    { "ulong" "f_namemax" } ;
+
+: ST_RDONLY       1 ; inline
+: ST_NOSUID       2 ; inline
+
+FUNCTION: int statvfs ( char* path, statvfs* buf ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/openbsd/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/statvfs.factor b/basis/unix/statvfs/statvfs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e610140397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/statvfs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: combinators system vocabs.loader ;
+IN: unix.statvfs
+
+os {
+    { linux   [ "unix.statvfs.linux"   require ] }
+    { macosx  [ "unix.statvfs.macosx"  require ] }
+    { freebsd [ "unix.statvfs.freebsd" require ] }
+    { netbsd  [ "unix.statvfs.netbsd"  require ] }
+    { openbsd [ "unix.statvfs.openbsd" require ] }
+} case
diff --git a/basis/unix/statvfs/tags.txt b/basis/unix/statvfs/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unix/statvfs/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/basis/unix/time/time.factor b/basis/unix/time/time.factor
index c664aa3bfb..9847b09778 100644
--- a/basis/unix/time/time.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/time/time.factor
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ C-STRUCT: timespec
     { "time_t" "sec" }
     { "long" "nsec" } ;
 
-: make-timeval ( ms -- timeval )
-    1000 /mod 1000 *
+: make-timeval ( us -- timeval )
+    1000000 /mod
     "timeval" <c-object>
     [ set-timeval-usec ] keep
     [ set-timeval-sec ] keep ;
 
-: make-timespec ( ms -- timespec )
-    1000 /mod 1000000 *
+: make-timespec ( us -- timespec )
+    1000000 /mod 1000 *
     "timespec" <c-object>
     [ set-timespec-nsec ] keep
     [ set-timespec-sec ] keep ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/unix.factor b/basis/unix/unix.factor
index 4950daef2c..d917425bf9 100644
--- a/basis/unix/unix.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/unix.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ USING: alien alien.c-types alien.syntax kernel libc
 sequences continuations byte-arrays strings math namespaces
 system combinators vocabs.loader qualified accessors
 stack-checker macros locals generalizations unix.types
-debugger io prettyprint ;
+debugger io prettyprint io.files ;
 IN: unix
 
 : PROT_NONE   0 ; inline
@@ -20,6 +20,29 @@ IN: unix
 
 : NGROUPS_MAX 16 ; inline
 
+: DT_UNKNOWN   0 ; inline
+: DT_FIFO      1 ; inline
+: DT_CHR       2 ; inline
+: DT_DIR       4 ; inline
+: DT_BLK       6 ; inline
+: DT_REG       8 ; inline
+: DT_LNK      10 ; inline
+: DT_SOCK     12 ; inline
+: DT_WHT      14 ; inline
+
+: dirent-type>file-type ( ch -- type )
+    {
+        { DT_BLK  [ +block-device+ ] }
+        { DT_CHR  [ +character-device+ ] }
+        { DT_DIR  [ +directory+ ] }
+        { DT_LNK  [ +symbolic-link+ ] }
+        { DT_SOCK [ +socket+ ] }
+        { DT_FIFO [ +fifo+ ] }
+        { DT_REG  [ +regular-file+ ] }
+        { DT_WHT  [ +whiteout+ ] }
+        [ drop +unknown+ ]
+    } case ;
+
 C-STRUCT: group
     { "char*" "gr_name" }
     { "char*" "gr_passwd" }
@@ -175,10 +198,10 @@ FUNCTION: ssize_t readlink ( char* path, char* buf, size_t bufsize ) ;
 : PATH_MAX 1024 ; inline
 
 : read-symbolic-link ( path -- path )
-    PATH_MAX <byte-array> dup >r
-    PATH_MAX
-    [ readlink ] unix-system-call
-    r> swap head-slice >string ;
+    PATH_MAX <byte-array> dup [
+        PATH_MAX
+        [ readlink ] unix-system-call
+    ] dip swap head-slice >string ;
 
 FUNCTION: ssize_t recv ( int s, void* buf, size_t nbytes, int flags ) ;
 FUNCTION: ssize_t recvfrom ( int s, void* buf, size_t nbytes, int flags, sockaddr-in* from, socklen_t* fromlen ) ;
diff --git a/basis/unix/users/users-docs.factor b/basis/unix/users/users-docs.factor
index c466ad1575..83e7e99481 100644
--- a/basis/unix/users/users-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/users/users-docs.factor
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ HELP: new-passwd
 HELP: passwd
 { $description "A platform-specific tuple correspding to every field from the Unix passwd struct. BSD passwd structures have four extra slots: " { $slot "change" } ", " { $slot "class" } "," { $slot "expire" } ", " { $slot "fields" } "." } ;
 
-HELP: passwd-cache
-{ $description "A symbol storing passwd structures indexed by user-ids when within a " { $link with-passwd-cache } "." } ;
+HELP: user-cache
+{ $description "A symbol storing passwd structures indexed by user-ids when within a " { $link with-user-cache } "." } ;
 
 HELP: passwd>new-passwd
 { $values
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ HELP: with-effective-user
      { "string/id" "a string or a uid" } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Sets the effective username and calls the quotation. Restores the current username on success or on error after the call." } ;
 
-HELP: with-passwd-cache
+HELP: with-user-cache
 { $values
      { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Iterates over the password file using library calls and creates a cache in the " { $link passwd-cache } " symbol. The cache is a hashtable indexed by user id. When looking up many users, this approach is much faster than calling system calls." } ;
+{ $description "Iterates over the password file using library calls and creates a cache in the " { $link user-cache } " symbol. The cache is a hashtable indexed by user id. When looking up many users, this approach is much faster than calling system calls." } ;
 
 HELP: with-real-user
 { $values
diff --git a/basis/unix/users/users-tests.factor b/basis/unix/users/users-tests.factor
index a85c322aca..1113383635 100644
--- a/basis/unix/users/users-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/users/users-tests.factor
@@ -22,3 +22,5 @@ IN: unix.users.tests
 
 [ ] [ effective-username [ ] with-effective-user ] unit-test
 [ ] [ effective-user-id [ ] with-effective-user ] unit-test
+
+[ ] [ [ ] with-user-cache ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/unix/users/users.factor b/basis/unix/users/users.factor
index eac771160b..8487d5adf2 100644
--- a/basis/unix/users/users.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/users/users.factor
@@ -39,16 +39,18 @@ PRIVATE>
         [ getpwent dup ] [ passwd>new-passwd ] [ drop ] produce
     ] with-pwent ;
 
-SYMBOL: passwd-cache
+SYMBOL: user-cache
 
-: with-passwd-cache ( quot -- )
-    all-users [ [ uid>> ] keep ] H{ } map>assoc
-    passwd-cache swap with-variable ; inline
+: <user-cache> ( -- assoc )
+    all-users [ [ uid>> ] keep ] H{ } map>assoc ;
+
+: with-user-cache ( quot -- )
+    [ <user-cache> user-cache ] dip with-variable ; inline
 
 GENERIC: user-passwd ( obj -- passwd )
 
 M: integer user-passwd ( id -- passwd/f )
-    passwd-cache get
+    user-cache get
     [ at ] [ getpwuid passwd>new-passwd ] if* ;
 
 M: string user-passwd ( string -- passwd/f )
diff --git a/basis/unix/utilities/utilities.factor b/basis/unix/utilities/utilities.factor
index 1f3a6bf78a..e2f780cd13 100644
--- a/basis/unix/utilities/utilities.factor
+++ b/basis/unix/utilities/utilities.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien alien.c-types alien.strings
-combinators.short-circuit fry kernel layouts sequences ;
+combinators.short-circuit fry kernel layouts sequences
+specialized-arrays.alien accessors ;
 IN: unix.utilities
 
 : more? ( alien -- ? )
@@ -16,4 +17,4 @@ IN: unix.utilities
     [ ] produce nip ;
 
 : strings>alien ( strings encoding -- alien )
-    '[ _ malloc-string ] map f suffix >c-void*-array ;
+    '[ _ malloc-string ] void*-array{ } map-as f suffix underlying>> ;
diff --git a/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-docs.factor b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..387bb3dc7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+IN: unrolled-lists
+USING: help.markup help.syntax hashtables search-deques dlists
+deques ;
+
+HELP: unrolled-list
+{ $class-description "The class of unrolled lists." } ;
+
+HELP: <unrolled-list>
+{ $values { "list" unrolled-list } }
+{ $description "Creates a new unrolled list." } ;
+
+HELP: <hashed-unrolled-list>
+{ $values { "search-deque" search-deque } }
+{ $description "Creates a new " { $link search-deque } " backed by an " { $link unrolled-list } ", with a " { $link hashtable } " for fast membership tests." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "unrolled-lists" "Unrolled lists"
+"The " { $vocab-link "unrolled-lists" } " vocabulary provides an implementation of the " { $link deque } " protocol with constant time insertion and removal at both ends, and lower memory overhead than a " { $link dlist } " due to packing 32 elements per every node. The one tradeoff is that unlike dlists, " { $link delete-node } " is not supported for unrolled lists."
+{ $subsection unrolled-list }
+{ $subsection <unrolled-list> }
+{ $subsection <hashed-unrolled-list> } ;
+
+ABOUT: "unrolled-lists"
diff --git a/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-tests.factor b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89eb1cdebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+USING: unrolled-lists tools.test deques kernel sequences
+random prettyprint grouping ;
+IN: unrolled-lists.tests
+
+[ 1 ] [ <unrolled-list> 1 over push-front pop-front ] unit-test
+[ 1 ] [ <unrolled-list> 1 over push-front pop-back ] unit-test
+[ 1 ] [ <unrolled-list> 1 over push-back pop-front ] unit-test
+[ 1 ] [ <unrolled-list> 1 over push-back pop-back ] unit-test
+
+[ 1 2 ] [
+    <unrolled-list> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back
+    [ pop-front ] [ pop-front ] bi
+] unit-test
+
+[ 2 1 ] [
+    <unrolled-list> 1 over push-back 2 over push-back
+    [ pop-back ] [ pop-back ] bi
+] unit-test
+
+[ 1 2 3 ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-back
+    2 over push-back
+    3 over push-back
+    [ pop-front ] [ pop-front ] [ pop-front ] tri
+] unit-test
+
+[ 3 2 1 ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-back
+    2 over push-back
+    3 over push-back
+    [ pop-back ] [ pop-back ] [ pop-back ] tri
+] unit-test
+
+[ { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 } ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    32 [ over push-front ] each
+    32 [ dup pop-back ] replicate
+    nip
+] unit-test
+
+[ { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 } ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    32 [ over push-front ] each
+    32 [ dup pop-front ] replicate reverse
+    nip
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1000 [ 1000 random ] replicate
+    [ [ over push-front ] each ]
+    [ [ dup pop-back ] replicate ]
+    [ ]
+    tri
+    =
+    nip
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1000 [ 1000 random ] replicate
+    [
+        10 group [
+            [ [ over push-front ] each ]
+            [ [ dup pop-back ] replicate ]
+            bi 
+        ] map concat
+    ] keep
+    =
+    nip
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [ <unrolled-list> deque-empty? ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-front
+    dup pop-front*
+    deque-empty?
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-back
+    dup pop-front*
+    deque-empty?
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-front
+    dup pop-back*
+    deque-empty?
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    1 over push-back
+    dup pop-back*
+    deque-empty?
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    <unrolled-list>
+    21 over push-front
+    22 over push-front
+    25 over push-front
+    26 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 21 assert=
+    28 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 22 assert=
+    29 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 25 assert=
+    24 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 26 assert=
+    23 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 28 assert=
+    dup pop-back 29 assert=
+    dup pop-back 24 assert=
+    17 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 23 assert=
+    27 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 17 assert=
+    30 over push-front
+    dup pop-back 27 assert=
+    dup pop-back 30 assert=
+    deque-empty?
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists.factor b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d434632abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/unrolled-lists/unrolled-lists.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: arrays math kernel accessors sequences sequences.private
+deques search-deques hashtables ;
+IN: unrolled-lists
+
+: unroll-factor 32 ; inline
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+MIXIN: ?node
+INSTANCE: f ?node
+TUPLE: node { data array } { prev ?node } { next ?node } ;
+INSTANCE: node ?node
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+TUPLE: unrolled-list
+{ front ?node } { front-pos fixnum }
+{ back ?node } { back-pos fixnum } ;
+
+: <unrolled-list> ( -- list )
+    unrolled-list new
+        unroll-factor >>back-pos ; inline
+
+: <hashed-unrolled-list> ( -- search-deque )
+    20 <hashtable> <unrolled-list> <search-deque> ;
+
+ERROR: empty-unrolled-list list ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+M: unrolled-list deque-empty?
+    dup [ front>> ] [ back>> ] bi dup [
+        eq? [ [ front-pos>> ] [ back-pos>> ] bi eq? ] [ drop f ] if
+    ] [ 3drop t ] if ;
+
+M: unrolled-list clear-deque
+    f >>front
+    0 >>front-pos
+    f >>back
+    unroll-factor >>back-pos
+    drop ;
+
+: <front-node> ( elt front -- node )
+    [
+        unroll-factor 0 <array>
+        [ unroll-factor 1- swap set-nth ] keep f
+    ] dip [ node boa dup ] keep
+    dup [ (>>prev) ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline
+
+: normalize-back ( list -- )
+    dup back>> [
+        dup prev>> [ drop ] [ swap front>> >>prev ] if
+    ] [ dup front>> >>back ] if* drop ; inline
+
+: push-front/new ( elt list -- )
+    unroll-factor 1- >>front-pos
+    [ <front-node> ] change-front
+    normalize-back ; inline
+
+: push-front/existing ( elt list front -- )
+    [ [ 1- ] change-front-pos ] dip
+    [ front-pos>> ] [ data>> ] bi* set-nth-unsafe ; inline
+
+M: unrolled-list push-front*
+    dup [ front>> ] [ front-pos>> 0 eq? not ] bi
+    [ drop ] [ and ] 2bi
+    [ push-front/existing ] [ drop push-front/new ] if f ;
+
+M: unrolled-list peek-front
+    dup front>>
+    [ [ front-pos>> ] dip data>> nth-unsafe ]
+    [ empty-unrolled-list ]
+    if* ;
+
+: pop-front/new ( list front -- )
+    [ 0 >>front-pos ] dip
+    [ f ] change-next drop dup [ f >>prev ] when >>front
+    dup front>> [ normalize-back ] [ f >>back drop ] if ; inline
+
+: pop-front/existing ( list front -- )
+    [ dup front-pos>> ] [ data>> ] bi* [ 0 ] 2dip set-nth-unsafe
+    [ 1+ ] change-front-pos
+    drop ; inline
+
+M: unrolled-list pop-front*
+    dup front>> [ empty-unrolled-list ] unless*
+    over front-pos>> unroll-factor 1- eq?
+    [ pop-front/new ] [ pop-front/existing ] if ;
+
+: <back-node> ( elt back -- node )
+    [
+        unroll-factor 0 <array> [ set-first ] keep
+    ] dip [ f node boa dup ] keep
+    dup [ (>>next) ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline
+
+: normalize-front ( list -- )
+    dup front>> [
+        dup next>> [ drop ] [ swap back>> >>next ] if
+    ] [ dup back>> >>front ] if* drop ; inline
+
+: push-back/new ( elt list -- )
+    1 >>back-pos
+    [ <back-node> ] change-back
+    normalize-front ; inline
+
+: push-back/existing ( elt list back -- )
+    [ [ 1+ ] change-back-pos ] dip
+    [ back-pos>> 1- ] [ data>> ] bi* set-nth-unsafe ; inline
+
+M: unrolled-list push-back*
+    dup [ back>> ] [ back-pos>> unroll-factor eq? not ] bi
+    [ drop ] [ and ] 2bi
+    [ push-back/existing ] [ drop push-back/new ] if f ;
+
+M: unrolled-list peek-back
+    dup back>>
+    [ [ back-pos>> 1- ] dip data>> nth-unsafe ]
+    [ empty-unrolled-list ]
+    if* ;
+
+: pop-back/new ( list back -- )
+    [ unroll-factor >>back-pos ] dip
+    [ f ] change-prev drop dup [ f >>next ] when >>back
+    dup back>> [ normalize-front ] [ f >>front drop ] if ; inline
+
+: pop-back/existing ( list back -- )
+    [ [ 1- ] change-back-pos ] dip
+    [ dup back-pos>> ] [ data>> ] bi* [ 0 ] 2dip set-nth-unsafe
+    drop ; inline
+
+M: unrolled-list pop-back*
+    dup back>> [ empty-unrolled-list ] unless*
+    over back-pos>> 1 eq?
+    [ pop-back/new ] [ pop-back/existing ] if ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+INSTANCE: unrolled-list deque
diff --git a/basis/urls/urls-docs.factor b/basis/urls/urls-docs.factor
index b423e6b751..ce8a7be88c 100644
--- a/basis/urls/urls-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/urls/urls-docs.factor
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ HELP: ensure-port
 } ;
 
 HELP: parse-host
-{ $values { "string" string } { "host" string } { "port" "an " { $link integer } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "string" string } { "host" string } { "port" { $maybe integer } } }
 { $description "Splits a string of the form " { $snippet "host:port" } " into a host and a port number. If the port number is not specified, outputs " { $link f } "." }
 { $notes "This word is used by " { $link >url } ". It can also be used directly to parse " { $snippet "host:port" } " strings which are not full URLs." }
 { $examples
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ HELP: parse-host
 } ;
 
 HELP: protocol-port
-{ $values { "protocol" "a protocol string" } { "port" "an " { $link integer } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "protocol" "a protocol string" } { "port" { $maybe integer } } }
 { $description "Outputs the port number associated with a protocol, or " { $link f } " if the protocol is unknown." } ;
 
 HELP: query-param
 { $values
      { "url" url } { "key" string }
-    { "value" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+    { "value" { $maybe string } } }
 { $description "Outputs the URL-decoded value of a URL query parameter." }
 { $examples
     { $example
diff --git a/basis/urls/urls.factor b/basis/urls/urls.factor
index 597cdfdb7f..c0fb1695c3 100644
--- a/basis/urls/urls.factor
+++ b/basis/urls/urls.factor
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ M: url present
         { [ dup empty? ] [ drop ] }
         { [ over "/" tail? ] [ append ] }
         { [ "/" pick start not ] [ nip ] }
-        [ [ "/" last-split1 drop "/" ] dip 3append ]
+        [ [ "/" split1-last drop "/" ] dip 3append ]
     } cond ;
 
 PRIVATE>
diff --git a/basis/validators/validators-docs.factor b/basis/validators/validators-docs.factor
index fc16c48ca0..4f03fa915b 100644
--- a/basis/validators/validators-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/validators/validators-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax io.streams.string quotations 
-strings math parser-combinators.regexp ;
+strings math regexp regexp.backend ;
 IN: validators
 
 HELP: v-captcha
diff --git a/basis/validators/validators-tests.factor b/basis/validators/validators-tests.factor
index bd24323f20..d4f3487d0b 100644
--- a/basis/validators/validators-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/validators/validators-tests.factor
@@ -52,3 +52,5 @@ namespaces assocs ;
 [ "4561_2612_1234_5467" v-credit-card ] must-fail
 
 [ "4561-2621-1234-5467" v-credit-card ] must-fail
+
+[ t ] [ "http://double.co.nz/w?v=foo" dup v-url = ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/validators/validators.factor b/basis/validators/validators.factor
index 30e1eadc7a..7c41d3efdb 100644
--- a/basis/validators/validators.factor
+++ b/basis/validators/validators.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2006, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel continuations sequences math namespaces make sets
-math.parser math.ranges assocs parser-combinators.regexp
-unicode.categories arrays hashtables words classes quotations
-xmode.catalog ;
+math.parser math.ranges assocs regexp unicode.categories arrays
+hashtables words classes quotations xmode.catalog ;
 IN: validators
 
 : v-default ( str def -- str/def )
@@ -63,9 +62,7 @@ IN: validators
     v-regexp ;
 
 : v-url ( str -- str )
-    "URL"
-    R' (ftp|http|https)://(\w+:?\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(/|/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-/]))?'
-    v-regexp ;
+    "URL" R' (ftp|http|https)://\S+' v-regexp ;
 
 : v-captcha ( str -- str )
     dup empty? [ "must remain blank" throw ] unless ;
diff --git a/basis/values/values-docs.factor b/basis/values/values-docs.factor
index c96ea0f8cf..866af469e9 100644
--- a/basis/values/values-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/values/values-docs.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
 IN: values
 
 ARTICLE: "values" "Global values"
-"Usually, dynamically scoped variables are sufficient for holding data which is not literal. But occasionally, for global information that's calculated just once, it's useful to use the word mechanism instead, and set the word to the appropriate value just once. Values abstract over this concept. To create a new word as a value, use the following syntax:"
+"Usually, dynamically scoped variables are sufficient for holding data which is not literal. But occasionally, for global information that's calculated just once, it's useful to use the word mechanism instead, and set the word to the appropriate value just once. The " { $vocab-link "values" } " vocabulary implements " { $emphasis "values" } ", which abstract over this concept. To create a new word as a value, use the following syntax:"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: VALUE: }
 "To get the value, just call the word. The following words manipulate values:"
 { $subsection get-value }
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ ARTICLE: "values" "Global values"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: to: }
 { $subsection change-value } ;
 
+ABOUT: "values"
+
 HELP: VALUE:
 { $syntax "VALUE: word" }
 { $values { "word" "a word to be created" } }
@@ -35,5 +37,5 @@ HELP: to:
 } ;
 
 HELP: change-value
-{ $values { "word" "a value word" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( oldvalue -- newvalue )" } } }
+{ $values { "word" "a value word" } { "quot" { $quotation "( oldvalue -- newvalue )" } } }
 { $description "Changes the value using the given quotation." } ;
diff --git a/basis/vlists/vlists-tests.factor b/basis/vlists/vlists-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3546051364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/vlists/vlists-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+USING: vlists kernel persistent.sequences arrays tools.test
+namespaces accessors sequences assocs ;
+IN: vlists.tests
+
+[ { "hi" "there" } ]
+[ VL{ } "hi" swap ppush "there" swap ppush >array ] unit-test
+
+[ VL{ "hi" "there" "foo" } VL{ "hi" "there" "bar" } t ]
+[
+    VL{ } "hi" swap ppush "there" swap ppush "v" set
+    "foo" "v" get ppush
+    "bar" "v" get ppush
+    dup "baz" over ppush [ vector>> ] bi@ eq?
+] unit-test
+
+[ "foo" VL{ "hi" "there" } t ]
+[
+    VL{ "hi" "there" "foo" } dup "v" set
+    [ peek ] [ ppop ] bi
+    dup "v" get [ vector>> ] bi@ eq?
+] unit-test
+
+[ VL{ } 3 over push ] must-fail
+
+[ 4 VL{ "hi" } set-first ] must-fail
+
+[ 5 t ] [
+    "rice" VA{ { "rice" 5 } { "beans" 10 } } at*
+] unit-test
+
+[ 6 t ] [
+    "rice" VA{ { "rice" 5 } { "beans" 10 } { "rice" 6 } } at*
+] unit-test
+
+[ 3 ] [
+    VA{ { "rice" 5 } { "beans" 10 } { "rice" 6 } } assoc-size
+] unit-test
+
+[ f f ] [
+    "meat" VA{ { "rice" 5 } { "beans" 10 } { "rice" 6 } } at*
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/vlists/vlists.factor b/basis/vlists/vlists.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0f7e55554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/vlists/vlists.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: arrays accessors sequences sequences.private
+persistent.sequences assocs persistent.assocs kernel math
+vectors parser prettyprint.backend ;
+IN: vlists
+
+TUPLE: vlist
+{ length array-capacity read-only }
+{ vector vector read-only } ;
+
+: <vlist> ( -- vlist ) 0 V{ } clone vlist boa ; inline
+
+M: vlist length length>> ;
+
+M: vlist nth-unsafe vector>> nth-unsafe ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: >vlist< [ length>> ] [ vector>> ] bi ; inline
+
+: unshare ( len vec -- len vec' )
+    clone [ set-length ] 2keep ; inline
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+M: vlist ppush
+    >vlist<
+    2dup length = [ unshare ] unless
+    [ [ 1+ swap ] dip push ] keep vlist boa ;
+
+ERROR: empty-vlist-error ;
+
+M: vlist ppop
+    [ empty-vlist-error ]
+    [ [ length>> 1- ] [ vector>> ] bi vlist boa ] if-empty ;
+
+M: vlist clone
+    [ length>> ] [ vector>> >vector ] bi vlist boa ;
+
+M: vlist equal?
+    over vlist? [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+
+: >vlist ( seq -- vlist )
+    [ length ] [ >vector ] bi vlist boa ; inline
+
+M: vlist like
+    drop dup vlist? [ >vlist ] unless ;
+
+INSTANCE: vlist immutable-sequence
+
+: VL{ \ } [ >vlist ] parse-literal ; parsing
+
+M: vlist pprint-delims drop \ VL{ \ } ;
+M: vlist >pprint-sequence ;
+M: vlist pprint* pprint-object ;
+
+TUPLE: valist { vlist vlist read-only } ;
+
+: <valist> ( -- valist ) <vlist> valist boa ; inline
+
+M: valist assoc-size vlist>> length 2/ ;
+
+: valist-at ( key i array -- value ? )
+    over 0 >= [
+        3dup nth-unsafe = [
+            [ 1+ ] dip nth-unsafe nip t
+        ] [
+            [ 2 - ] dip valist-at
+        ] if
+    ] [ 3drop f f ] if ; inline recursive
+
+M: valist at*
+    vlist>> >vlist< [ 2 - ] [ underlying>> ] bi* valist-at ;
+
+M: valist new-at
+    vlist>> ppush ppush valist boa ;
+
+M: valist >alist vlist>> ;
+
+: >valist ( assoc -- valist )
+    >alist concat >vlist valist boa ; inline
+
+M: valist assoc-like
+    drop dup valist? [ >valist ] unless ;
+
+INSTANCE: valist assoc
+
+: VA{ \ } [ >valist ] parse-literal ; parsing
+
+M: valist pprint-delims drop \ VA{ \ } ;
+M: valist >pprint-sequence >alist ;
+M: valist pprint* pprint-object ;
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/com.factor b/basis/windows/com/com.factor
index 9649de6402..0e1a907ca7 100644
--- a/basis/windows/com/com.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/com/com.factor
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@ COM-INTERFACE: IDropTarget IUnknown {00000122-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
     HRESULT Drop ( IDataObject* pDataObject, DWORD grfKeyState, POINTL pt, DWORD* pdwEffect ) ;
 
 : com-query-interface ( interface iid -- interface' )
-    "void*" heap-size [
+    [
+        "void*" malloc-object &free
         [ IUnknown::QueryInterface ole32-error ] keep *void*
-    ] with-malloc ;
+    ] with-destructors ;
 
 : com-add-ref ( interface -- interface )
      [ IUnknown::AddRef drop ] keep ; inline
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/syntax/syntax.factor b/basis/windows/com/syntax/syntax.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c56293babe..620b608afc
--- a/basis/windows/com/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/com/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-USING: alien alien.c-types effects kernel windows.ole32
-parser lexer splitting grouping sequences namespaces
-assocs quotations generalizations accessors words macros alien.syntax
-fry arrays ;
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.accessors effects kernel
+windows.ole32 parser lexer splitting grouping sequences
+namespaces assocs quotations generalizations accessors words
+macros alien.syntax fry arrays layouts math ;
 IN: windows.com.syntax
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ C-STRUCT: com-interface
     { "void*" "vtbl" } ;
 
 MACRO: com-invoke ( n return parameters -- )
-    dup length -roll
+    [ 2nip length ] 3keep
     '[
-        _ npick com-interface-vtbl _ swap void*-nth _ _
+        _ npick com-interface-vtbl _ cell * alien-cell _ _
         "stdcall" alien-indirect
     ] ;
 
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/syntax/tags.txt b/basis/windows/com/syntax/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 71c5900baf..2320bdd648
--- a/basis/windows/com/syntax/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/windows/com/syntax/tags.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
-com
 bindings
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/tags.txt b/basis/windows/com/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 71c5900baf..2320bdd648
--- a/basis/windows/com/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/windows/com/tags.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
-com
 bindings
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/wrapper/tags.txt b/basis/windows/com/wrapper/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 71c5900baf..2320bdd648
--- a/basis/windows/com/wrapper/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/windows/com/wrapper/tags.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
-com
 bindings
diff --git a/basis/windows/com/wrapper/wrapper.factor b/basis/windows/com/wrapper/wrapper.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index d376cccae2..710feeec4d
--- a/basis/windows/com/wrapper/wrapper.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/com/wrapper/wrapper.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-USING: alien alien.c-types windows.com.syntax init
-windows.com.syntax.private windows.com continuations kernel
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.accessors windows.com.syntax
+init windows.com.syntax.private windows.com continuations kernel
 namespaces windows.ole32 libc vocabs assocs accessors arrays
 sequences quotations combinators math words compiler.units
-destructors fry math.parser generalizations sets ;
+destructors fry math.parser generalizations sets
+specialized-arrays.alien specialized-arrays.direct.alien ;
 IN: windows.com.wrapper
 
 TUPLE: com-wrapper callbacks vtbls disposed ;
@@ -51,23 +52,26 @@ unless
         _ case
         [
             "void*" heap-size * rot <displaced-alien> com-add-ref
-            0 rot set-void*-nth S_OK
-        ] [ nip f 0 rot set-void*-nth E_NOINTERFACE ] if*
+            swap 0 set-alien-cell S_OK
+        ] [ nip f swap 0 set-alien-cell E_NOINTERFACE ] if*
     ] ;
 
 : (make-add-ref) ( interfaces -- quot )
     length "void*" heap-size * '[
-        _ swap <displaced-alien>
-        0 over ulong-nth
-        1+ [ 0 rot set-ulong-nth ] keep
+        _
+        [ alien-unsigned-4 1+ dup ]
+        [ set-alien-unsigned-4 ]
+        2bi
     ] ;
 
 : (make-release) ( interfaces -- quot )
     length "void*" heap-size * '[
-        _ over <displaced-alien>
-        0 over ulong-nth
-        1- [ 0 rot set-ulong-nth ] keep
-        dup zero? [ swap (free-wrapped-object) ] [ nip ] if
+        _
+        [ drop ]
+        [ alien-unsigned-4 1- dup ]
+        [ set-alien-unsigned-4 ]
+        2tri
+        dup 0 = [ swap (free-wrapped-object) ] [ nip ] if
     ] ;
 
 : (make-iunknown-methods) ( interfaces -- quots )
@@ -92,9 +96,6 @@ unless
     [ [ (( -- alien )) define-declared ] pick slip ]
     with-compilation-unit ;
 
-: byte-array>malloc ( byte-array -- alien )
-    [ byte-length malloc ] [ over byte-array>memory ] bi ;
-
 : (callback-word) ( function-name interface-name counter -- word )
     [ "::" rot 3append "-callback-" ] dip number>string 3append
     "windows.com.wrapper.callbacks" create ;
@@ -128,11 +129,10 @@ unless
 : (malloc-wrapped-object) ( wrapper -- wrapped-object )
     vtbls>> length "void*" heap-size *
     [ "ulong" heap-size + malloc ] keep
-    over <displaced-alien>
-    1 0 rot set-ulong-nth ;
+    [ [ 1 ] 2dip set-alien-unsigned-4 ] [ drop ] 2bi ;
 
 : (callbacks>vtbl) ( callbacks -- vtbl )
-    [ execute ] map >c-void*-array byte-array>malloc ;
+    [ execute ] void*-array{ } map-as underlying>> malloc-byte-array ;
 : (callbacks>vtbls) ( callbacks -- vtbls )
     [ (callbacks>vtbl) ] map ;
 
@@ -162,5 +162,5 @@ M: com-wrapper dispose*
 
 : com-wrap ( object wrapper -- wrapped-object )
     [ vtbls>> ] [ (malloc-wrapped-object) ] bi
-    [ [ set-void*-nth ] curry each-index ] keep
+    [ over length <direct-void*-array> 0 swap copy ] keep
     [ +wrapped-objects+ get-global set-at ] keep ;
diff --git a/basis/windows/dinput/constants/constants.factor b/basis/windows/dinput/constants/constants.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 182c17430f..e3bec6d7ac
--- a/basis/windows/dinput/constants/constants.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/dinput/constants/constants.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 USING: windows.dinput windows.kernel32 windows.ole32 windows.com
 windows.com.syntax alien alien.c-types alien.syntax kernel system namespaces
 combinators sequences symbols fry math accessors macros words quotations
-libc continuations generalizations splitting locals assocs init ;
+libc continuations generalizations splitting locals assocs init
+struct-arrays ;
 IN: windows.dinput.constants
 
 ! Some global variables aren't provided by the DirectInput DLL (they're in the
@@ -52,14 +53,14 @@ SYMBOLS:
     } cleave
     "DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT" <c-object> (DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT) ;
 
-: malloc-DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT-array ( struct array -- alien )
-    [ nip length "DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT" malloc-array dup ]
-    [
-        -rot [| args i alien struct |
+:: malloc-DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT-array ( struct array -- alien )
+    [let | alien [ array length "DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT" malloc-struct-array ] |
+        array [| args i |
             struct args <DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT>
-            i alien set-DIOBJECTDATAFORMAT-nth
-        ] 2curry each-index
-    ] 2bi ;
+            i alien set-nth
+        ] each-index
+        alien underlying>>
+    ] ;
 
 : (DIDATAFORMAT) ( dwSize dwObjSize dwFlags dwDataSize dwNumObjs rgodf alien -- alien )
     [ {
diff --git a/basis/windows/dinput/tags.txt b/basis/windows/dinput/tags.txt
index 1431506222..2320bdd648 100755
--- a/basis/windows/dinput/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/windows/dinput/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
 bindings
diff --git a/basis/windows/kernel32/kernel32.factor b/basis/windows/kernel32/kernel32.factor
index eb90fb522e..96301dbbe4 100644
--- a/basis/windows/kernel32/kernel32.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/kernel32/kernel32.factor
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ TYPEDEF: FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION* PFILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION
 : THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL 15 ; inline
 
 C-STRUCT: OVERLAPPED
-    { "int" "internal" }
-    { "int" "internal-high" }
-    { "int" "offset" }
-    { "int" "offset-high" }
-    { "void*" "event" } ;
+    { "UINT_PTR" "internal" }
+    { "UINT_PTR" "internal-high" }
+    { "DWORD" "offset" }
+    { "DWORD" "offset-high" }
+    { "HANDLE" "event" } ;
 
 C-STRUCT: SYSTEMTIME
     { "WORD" "wYear" }
@@ -954,7 +954,8 @@ ALIAS: GetDiskFreeSpaceEx GetDiskFreeSpaceExW
 ! FUNCTION: GetDllDirectoryA
 ! FUNCTION: GetDllDirectoryW
 ! FUNCTION: GetDriveTypeA
-! FUNCTION: GetDriveTypeW
+FUNCTION: UINT GetDriveTypeW ( LPCTSTR lpRootPathName ) ;
+ALIAS: GetDriveType GetDriveTypeW
 FUNCTION: void* GetEnvironmentStringsW ( ) ;
 ! FUNCTION: GetEnvironmentStringsA
 ALIAS: GetEnvironmentStrings GetEnvironmentStringsW
@@ -999,7 +1000,7 @@ FUNCTION: DWORD GetLastError ( ) ;
 ! FUNCTION: GetLocaleInfoA
 ! FUNCTION: GetLocaleInfoW
 ! FUNCTION: GetLocalTime
-! FUNCTION: GetLogicalDrives
+FUNCTION: DWORD GetLogicalDrives ( ) ;
 ! FUNCTION: GetLogicalDriveStringsA
 ! FUNCTION: GetLogicalDriveStringsW
 ! FUNCTION: GetLongPathNameA
@@ -1129,7 +1130,9 @@ ALIAS: GetVolumeInformation GetVolumeInformationW
 ! FUNCTION: GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW
 ! FUNCTION: GetVolumePathNameA
 ! FUNCTION: GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameA
-! FUNCTION: GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
+FUNCTION: BOOL GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW ( LPCTSTR lpszVolumeName, LPTSTR lpszVolumePathNames, DWORD cchBufferLength, PDWORD lpcchReturnLength ) ;
+ALIAS: GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
+
 ! FUNCTION: GetVolumePathNameW
 ! FUNCTION: GetWindowsDirectoryA
 FUNCTION: UINT GetWindowsDirectoryW ( LPTSTR lpBuffer, UINT uSize ) ;
diff --git a/basis/windows/ole32/ole32.factor b/basis/windows/ole32/ole32.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 6256211266..6d4e60ab22
--- a/basis/windows/ole32/ole32.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/ole32/ole32.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 USING: alien alien.syntax alien.c-types alien.strings math
 kernel sequences windows windows.types debugger io accessors
 math.order namespaces make math.parser windows.kernel32
-combinators ;
+combinators locals specialized-arrays.direct.uchar ;
 IN: windows.ole32
 
 LIBRARY: ole32
@@ -134,49 +134,57 @@ M: ole32-error error.
 : GUID-STRING-LENGTH
     "{01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef}" length ; inline
 
-: (guid-section>guid) ( guid string start end quot -- )
-    [ roll subseq hex> swap ] dip call ; inline
-: (guid-byte>guid) ( guid string start end byte -- )
-    [ roll subseq hex> ] dip
-    rot GUID-Data4 set-uchar-nth ; inline
+:: (guid-section>guid) ( string guid start end quot -- )
+    start end string subseq hex> guid quot call ; inline
+
+:: (guid-byte>guid) ( string guid start end byte -- )
+    start end string subseq hex> byte guid set-nth ; inline
 
 : string>guid ( string -- guid )
-    "GUID" <c-object> [ {
-        [  1  9 [ set-GUID-Data1 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
+    "GUID" <c-object> [
+        {
+            [  1  9 [ set-GUID-Data1 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
+            [ 10 14 [ set-GUID-Data2 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
+            [ 15 19 [ set-GUID-Data3 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
+            [ ]
+        } 2cleave
 
-        [ 10 14 [ set-GUID-Data2 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
+        GUID-Data4 8 <direct-uchar-array> {
+            [ 20 22 0 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 22 24 1 (guid-byte>guid) ]
 
-        [ 15 19 [ set-GUID-Data3 ] (guid-section>guid) ]
-
-        [ 20 22 0 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 22 24 1 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-
-        [ 25 27 2 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 27 29 3 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 29 31 4 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 31 33 5 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 33 35 6 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-        [ 35 37 7 (guid-byte>guid) ]
-    } 2cleave ] keep ;
+            [ 25 27 2 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 27 29 3 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 29 31 4 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 31 33 5 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 33 35 6 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+            [ 35 37 7 (guid-byte>guid) ]
+        } 2cleave
+    ] keep ;
 
 : (guid-section%) ( guid quot len -- )
     [ call >hex ] dip CHAR: 0 pad-left % ; inline
+
 : (guid-byte%) ( guid byte -- )
-    swap GUID-Data4 uchar-nth >hex 2
-    CHAR: 0 pad-left % ; inline
+    swap nth >hex 2 CHAR: 0 pad-left % ; inline
 
 : guid>string ( guid -- string )
-    [ "{" % {
-        [ [ GUID-Data1 ] 8 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
-        [ [ GUID-Data2 ] 4 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
-        [ [ GUID-Data3 ] 4 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
-        [ 0 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 1 (guid-byte%) "-" % ]
-        [ 2 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 3 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 4 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 5 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 6 (guid-byte%) ]
-        [ 7 (guid-byte%) "}" % ]
-    } cleave ] "" make ;
+    [
+        "{" % {
+            [ [ GUID-Data1 ] 8 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
+            [ [ GUID-Data2 ] 4 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
+            [ [ GUID-Data3 ] 4 (guid-section%) "-" % ]
+            [ ]
+        } cleave
+        GUID-Data4 8 <direct-uchar-array> {
+            [ 0 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 1 (guid-byte%) "-" % ]
+            [ 2 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 3 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 4 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 5 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 6 (guid-byte%) ]
+            [ 7 (guid-byte%) "}" % ]
+        } cleave
+    ] "" make ;
 
diff --git a/basis/windows/tags.txt b/basis/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 1431506222..2320bdd648
--- a/basis/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/basis/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-windows
 bindings
diff --git a/basis/windows/types/types.factor b/basis/windows/types/types.factor
index 0ac8409016..6b1a57a098 100644
--- a/basis/windows/types/types.factor
+++ b/basis/windows/types/types.factor
@@ -40,10 +40,11 @@ TYPEDEF: void*               LPVOID
 TYPEDEF: void*               LPCVOID
 
 TYPEDEF: float               FLOAT
-TYPEDEF: short       HALF_PTR
-TYPEDEF: ushort      UHALF_PTR
-TYPEDEF: int         INT_PTR
-TYPEDEF: uint        UINT_PTR
+
+TYPEDEF: intptr_t    HALF_PTR
+TYPEDEF: intptr_t    UHALF_PTR
+TYPEDEF: intptr_t    INT_PTR
+TYPEDEF: intptr_t    UINT_PTR
 
 TYPEDEF: int         LONG_PTR
 TYPEDEF: ulong       ULONG_PTR
diff --git a/basis/x11/clipboard/clipboard.factor b/basis/x11/clipboard/clipboard.factor
index 1007b47a5b..1612b7ec11 100644
--- a/basis/x11/clipboard/clipboard.factor
+++ b/basis/x11/clipboard/clipboard.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien alien.c-types alien.strings alien.syntax arrays
 kernel math namespaces sequences io.encodings.string
-io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.ascii x11.xlib x11.constants ;
+io.encodings.utf8 io.encodings.ascii x11.xlib x11.constants
+specialized-arrays.int accessors ;
 IN: x11.clipboard
 
 ! This code was based on by McCLIM's Backends/CLX/port.lisp
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ TUPLE: x-clipboard atom contents ;
     "TARGETS" x-atom 32 PropModeReplace
     {
         "UTF8_STRING" "STRING" "TARGETS" "TIMESTAMP"
-    } [ x-atom ] map >c-int-array
+    } [ x-atom ] int-array{ } map-as underlying>>
     4 XChangeProperty drop ;
 
 : set-timestamp-prop ( evt -- )
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ TUPLE: x-clipboard atom contents ;
     [ XSelectionRequestEvent-requestor ] keep
     [ XSelectionRequestEvent-property ] keep
     >r "TIMESTAMP" x-atom 32 PropModeReplace r>
-    XSelectionRequestEvent-time 1array >c-int-array
+    XSelectionRequestEvent-time <int>
     1 XChangeProperty drop ;
 
 : send-notify ( evt prop -- )
diff --git a/basis/x11/glx/glx.factor b/basis/x11/glx/glx.factor
index eefb93772a..1fab283242 100644
--- a/basis/x11/glx/glx.factor
+++ b/basis/x11/glx/glx.factor
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 !
 ! based on glx.h from xfree86, and some of glxtokens.h
-USING: alien alien.c-types alien.syntax alien.syntax.private x11.xlib
-namespaces make kernel sequences parser words ;
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.syntax x11.xlib namespaces make
+kernel sequences parser words specialized-arrays.int accessors ;
 IN: x11.glx
 
 LIBRARY: glx
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ FUNCTION: void* glXGetProcAddressARB ( char* procname ) ;
         GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER ,
         GLX_DEPTH_SIZE , 16 ,
         0 ,
-    ] { } make >c-int-array
+    ] int-array{ } make underlying>>
     glXChooseVisual
     [ "Could not get a double-buffered GLX RGBA visual" throw ] unless* ;
 
diff --git a/basis/x11/xim/xim.factor b/basis/x11/xim/xim.factor
index 35e1906b2b..71b0b5f133 100644
--- a/basis/x11/xim/xim.factor
+++ b/basis/x11/xim/xim.factor
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien alien.c-types arrays byte-arrays hashtables
-io kernel math namespaces sequences strings
-continuations x11.xlib ;
+USING: alien alien.c-types alien.strings arrays byte-arrays
+hashtables io io.encodings.string kernel math namespaces
+sequences strings continuations x11.xlib specialized-arrays.uint
+accessors ;
 IN: x11.xim
 
 SYMBOL: xim
 
 : (init-xim) ( classname medifier -- im )
    XSetLocaleModifiers [ "XSetLocaleModifiers() failed" throw ] unless
-   dpy get f rot dup XOpenIM ;
+   [ dpy get f ] dip dup XOpenIM ;
 
 : init-xim ( classname -- )
    dup "" (init-xim)
@@ -21,14 +22,15 @@ SYMBOL: xim
     xim get-global XCloseIM drop f xim set-global ;
 
 : with-xim ( quot -- )
-    >r "Factor" init-xim r> [ close-xim ] [ ] cleanup ;
+    [ "Factor" init-xim ] dip [ close-xim ] [ ] cleanup ;
 
 : create-xic ( window classname -- xic )
-    >r >r xim get-global
-    XNClientWindow r>
-    XNFocusWindow over
-    XNInputStyle XIMPreeditNothing XIMStatusNothing bitor
-    XNResourceName r>
+    [
+        [ xim get-global XNClientWindow ] dip
+        XNFocusWindow over
+        XNInputStyle XIMPreeditNothing XIMStatusNothing bitor
+        XNResourceName
+    ] dip
     XNResourceClass over 0 XCreateIC
     [ "XCreateIC() failed" throw ] unless* ;
 
@@ -38,17 +40,17 @@ SYMBOL: keybuf
 SYMBOL: keysym
 
 : prepare-lookup ( -- )
-    buf-size "uint" <c-array> keybuf set
+    buf-size <uint-array> keybuf set
     0 <KeySym> keysym set ;
 
 : finish-lookup ( len -- string keysym )
-    keybuf get swap c-uint-array> >string
+    keybuf get swap 2 * head utf16n decode
     keysym get *KeySym ;
 
 : lookup-string ( event xic -- string keysym )
     [
         prepare-lookup
-        swap keybuf get buf-size keysym get 0 <int>
+        swap keybuf get underlying>> buf-size keysym get 0 <int>
         XwcLookupString
         finish-lookup
     ] with-scope ;
diff --git a/basis/x11/xlib/xlib.factor b/basis/x11/xlib/xlib.factor
index eecf427c9e..555eb573fc 100644
--- a/basis/x11/xlib/xlib.factor
+++ b/basis/x11/xlib/xlib.factor
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 USING: kernel arrays alien alien.c-types alien.strings
 alien.syntax math math.bitwise words sequences namespaces
-continuations io.encodings.ascii ;
+continuations io io.encodings.ascii ;
 IN: x11.xlib
 
 LIBRARY: xlib
@@ -1359,8 +1359,8 @@ SYMBOL: scr
 SYMBOL: root
 
 : init-locale ( -- )
-   LC_ALL "" setlocale [ "setlocale() failed" throw ] unless
-   XSupportsLocale [ "XSupportsLocale() failed" throw ] unless ;
+   LC_ALL "" setlocale [ "setlocale() failed" print flush ] unless
+   XSupportsLocale [ "XSupportsLocale() failed" print flush ] unless ;
 
 : flush-dpy ( -- ) dpy get XFlush drop ;
 
@@ -1381,4 +1381,4 @@ SYMBOL: root
 : close-x ( -- ) dpy get XCloseDisplay drop ;
 
 : with-x ( display-string quot -- )
-    >r initialize-x r> [ close-x ] [ ] cleanup ;
+    [ initialize-x ] dip [ close-x ] [ ] cleanup ;
diff --git a/basis/xml/data/data.factor b/basis/xml/data/data.factor
index 0af2ec4700..bf4e2047a7 100644
--- a/basis/xml/data/data.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/data/data.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel sequences sequences.private assocs arrays
 delegate.protocols delegate vectors accessors multiline
-macros words quotations combinators slots ;
+macros words quotations combinators slots fry ;
 IN: xml.data
 
 TUPLE: name space main url ;
@@ -34,8 +34,25 @@ C: <contained> contained
 TUPLE: comment text ;
 C: <comment> comment
 
-TUPLE: directive text ;
-C: <directive> directive
+TUPLE: directive ;
+
+TUPLE: element-decl < directive name content-spec ;
+C: <element-decl> element-decl
+
+TUPLE: attlist-decl < directive name att-defs ;
+C: <attlist-decl> attlist-decl
+
+TUPLE: entity-decl < directive name def ;
+C: <entity-decl> entity-decl
+
+TUPLE: system-id system-literal ;
+C: <system-id> system-id
+
+TUPLE: public-id pubid-literal system-literal ;
+C: <public-id> public-id
+
+TUPLE: doctype-decl < directive name external-id internal-subset ;
+C: <doctype-decl> doctype-decl
 
 TUPLE: instruction text ;
 C: <instruction> instruction
@@ -47,7 +64,7 @@ TUPLE: attrs alist ;
 C: <attrs> attrs
 
 : attr@ ( key alist -- index {key,value} )
-    >r assure-name r> alist>>
+    [ assure-name ] dip alist>>
     [ first names-match? ] with find ;
 
 M: attrs at*
@@ -56,7 +73,7 @@ M: attrs set-at
     2dup attr@ nip [
         2nip set-second
     ] [
-        >r assure-name swap 2array r>
+        [ assure-name swap 2array ] dip
         [ alist>> ?push ] keep (>>alist)
     ] if* ;
 
@@ -67,7 +84,7 @@ M: attrs >alist alist>> ;
 : >attrs ( assoc -- attrs )
     dup [
         V{ } assoc-clone-like
-        [ >r assure-name r> ] assoc-map
+        [ [ assure-name ] dip ] assoc-map
     ] when <attrs> ;
 M: attrs assoc-like
     drop dup attrs? [ >attrs ] unless ;
@@ -107,9 +124,9 @@ M: tag like
 MACRO: clone-slots ( class -- tuple )
     [
         "slots" word-prop
-        [ name>> reader-word 1quotation [ clone ] compose ] map
-        [ cleave ] curry
-    ] [ [ boa ] curry ] bi compose ;
+        [ name>> reader-word '[ _ execute clone ] ] map
+        '[ _ cleave ]
+    ] [ '[ _ boa ] ] bi compose ;
 
 M: tag clone
     tag clone-slots ;
@@ -129,7 +146,7 @@ CONSULT: name xml body>> ;
 
 <PRIVATE
 : tag>xml ( xml tag -- newxml )
-    >r [ prolog>> ] [ before>> ] [ after>> ] tri r>
+    [ [ prolog>> ] [ before>> ] [ after>> ] tri ] dip
     swap <xml> ;
 
 : seq>xml ( xml seq -- newxml )
diff --git a/basis/xml/entities/entities.factor b/basis/xml/entities/entities.factor
index d3eca30685..03de0f78d1 100644
--- a/basis/xml/entities/entities.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/entities/entities.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2006 Daniel Ehrenberg
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: namespaces make kernel assocs sequences ;
+USING: namespaces make kernel assocs sequences fry ;
 IN: xml.entities
 
 : entities-out
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ IN: xml.entities
 
 : escape-string-by ( str table -- escaped )
     #! Convert <, >, &, ' and " to HTML entities.
-    [ [ dupd at [ % ] [ , ] ?if ] curry each ] "" make ;
+    [ '[ dup _ at [ % ] [ , ] ?if ] each ] "" make ;
 
 : escape-string ( str -- newstr )
     entities-out escape-string-by ;
diff --git a/basis/xml/errors/errors-tests.factor b/basis/xml/errors/errors-tests.factor
index ab061530fe..e72e465f0d 100644
--- a/basis/xml/errors/errors-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/errors/errors-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-USING: continuations xml xml.errors tools.test kernel arrays xml.data state-parser quotations ;
+USING: continuations xml xml.errors tools.test kernel arrays
+xml.data state-parser quotations fry ;
 IN: xml.errors.tests
 
 : xml-error-test ( expected-error xml-string -- )
-    [ string>xml ] curry swap [ = ] curry must-fail-with ;
+    '[ _ string>xml ] swap '[ _ = ] must-fail-with ;
 
 T{ no-entity f 1 10 "nbsp" } "<x>&nbsp;</x>" xml-error-test
 T{ mismatched f 1 8 T{ name f "" "x" "" } T{ name f "" "y" "" }
@@ -24,5 +25,3 @@ T{ pre/post-content f "x" t } "x<y/>" xml-error-test
 T{ versionless-prolog f 1 8 } "<?xml?><x/>" xml-error-test
 T{ bad-instruction f 1 11 T{ instruction f "xsl" }
 } "<x><?xsl?></x>" xml-error-test
-T{ bad-directive f 1 15 T{ directive f "DOCTYPE" }
-} "<x/><!DOCTYPE>" xml-error-test
diff --git a/basis/xml/errors/errors.factor b/basis/xml/errors/errors.factor
index bafa325e89..0c039d526c 100644
--- a/basis/xml/errors/errors.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/errors/errors.factor
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ debugger sequences state-parser accessors summary
 namespaces io.streams.string xml.backend ;
 IN: xml.errors
 
-TUPLE: multitags ;
-C: <multitags> multitags
+ERROR: multitags ;
+
 M: multitags summary ( obj -- str )
     drop "XML document contains multiple main tags" ;
 
-TUPLE: pre/post-content string pre? ;
-C: <pre/post-content> pre/post-content
+ERROR: pre/post-content string pre? ;
+
 M: pre/post-content summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         "The text string:" print
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ M: pre/post-content summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: no-entity < parsing-error thing ;
-: <no-entity> ( string -- error )
-    \ no-entity parsing-error swap >>thing ;
+
+: no-entity ( string -- * )
+    \ no-entity parsing-error swap >>thing throw ;
+
 M: no-entity summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -31,8 +33,10 @@ M: no-entity summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: xml-string-error < parsing-error string ; ! this should not exist
-: <xml-string-error> ( string -- xml-string-error )
-    \ xml-string-error parsing-error swap >>string ;
+
+: xml-string-error ( string -- * )
+    \ xml-string-error parsing-error swap >>string throw ;
+
 M: xml-string-error summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -40,8 +44,10 @@ M: xml-string-error summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: mismatched < parsing-error open close ;
-: <mismatched> ( open close -- error )
-    \ mismatched parsing-error swap >>close swap >>open ;
+
+: mismatched ( open close -- * )
+    \ mismatched parsing-error swap >>close swap >>open throw ;
+
 M: mismatched summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -51,9 +57,12 @@ M: mismatched summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: unclosed < parsing-error tags ;
-: <unclosed> ( -- unclosed )
-    unclosed parsing-error
-        xml-stack get rest-slice [ first name>> ] map >>tags ;
+
+: unclosed ( -- * )
+    \ unclosed parsing-error
+        xml-stack get rest-slice [ first name>> ] map >>tags
+    throw ;
+
 M: unclosed summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -63,8 +72,10 @@ M: unclosed summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: bad-uri < parsing-error string ;
-: <bad-uri> ( string -- bad-uri )
-    \ bad-uri parsing-error swap >>string ;
+
+: bad-uri ( string -- * )
+    \ bad-uri parsing-error swap >>string throw ;
+
 M: bad-uri summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -72,8 +83,10 @@ M: bad-uri summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: nonexist-ns < parsing-error name ;
-: <nonexist-ns> ( name-string -- nonexist-ns )
-    \ nonexist-ns parsing-error swap >>name ;
+
+: nonexist-ns ( name-string -- * )
+    \ nonexist-ns parsing-error swap >>name throw ;
+
 M: nonexist-ns summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -81,8 +94,10 @@ M: nonexist-ns summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: unopened < parsing-error ; ! this should give which tag was unopened
-: <unopened> ( -- unopened )
-    \ unopened parsing-error ;
+
+: unopened ( -- * )
+    \ unopened parsing-error throw ;
+
 M: unopened summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         call-next-method write
@@ -90,8 +105,10 @@ M: unopened summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: not-yes/no < parsing-error text ;
-: <not-yes/no> ( text -- not-yes/no )
-    \ not-yes/no parsing-error swap >>text ;
+
+: not-yes/no ( text -- * )
+    \ not-yes/no parsing-error swap >>text throw ;
+
 M: not-yes/no summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -101,8 +118,10 @@ M: not-yes/no summary ( obj -- str )
 
 ! this should actually print the names
 TUPLE: extra-attrs < parsing-error attrs ;
-: <extra-attrs> ( attrs -- extra-attrs )
-    \ extra-attrs parsing-error swap >>attrs ;
+
+: extra-attrs ( attrs -- * )
+    \ extra-attrs parsing-error swap >>attrs throw ;
+
 M: extra-attrs summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -111,22 +130,26 @@ M: extra-attrs summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: bad-version < parsing-error num ;
-: <bad-version> ( num -- error )
-    \ bad-version parsing-error swap >>num ;
+
+: bad-version ( num -- * )
+    \ bad-version parsing-error swap >>num throw ;
+
 M: bad-version summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         "XML version must be \"1.0\" or \"1.1\". Version here was " write
         num>> .
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
-TUPLE: notags ;
-C: <notags> notags
+ERROR: notags ;
+
 M: notags summary ( obj -- str )
     drop "XML document lacks a main tag" ;
 
 TUPLE: bad-prolog < parsing-error prolog ;
-: <bad-prolog> ( prolog -- bad-prolog )
-    \ bad-prolog parsing-error swap >>prolog ;
+
+: bad-prolog ( prolog -- * )
+    \ bad-prolog parsing-error swap >>prolog throw ;
+
 M: bad-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -135,8 +158,10 @@ M: bad-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: capitalized-prolog < parsing-error name ;
-: <capitalized-prolog> ( name -- capitalized-prolog )
-    \ capitalized-prolog parsing-error swap >>name ;
+
+: capitalized-prolog ( name -- capitalized-prolog )
+    \ capitalized-prolog parsing-error swap >>name throw ;
+
 M: capitalized-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
@@ -146,8 +171,10 @@ M: capitalized-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: versionless-prolog < parsing-error ;
-: <versionless-prolog> ( -- versionless-prolog )
-    \ versionless-prolog parsing-error ;
+
+: versionless-prolog ( -- * )
+    \ versionless-prolog parsing-error throw ;
+
 M: versionless-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         call-next-method write
@@ -155,23 +182,55 @@ M: versionless-prolog summary ( obj -- str )
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: bad-instruction < parsing-error instruction ;
-: <bad-instruction> ( instruction -- bad-instruction )
-    \ bad-instruction parsing-error swap >>instruction ;
+
+: bad-instruction ( instruction -- * )
+    \ bad-instruction parsing-error swap >>instruction throw ;
+
 M: bad-instruction summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
         "Misplaced processor instruction:" print
-        instruction>> write-item nl
+        instruction>> write-xml-chunk nl
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 TUPLE: bad-directive < parsing-error dir ;
-: <bad-directive> ( directive -- bad-directive )
-    \ bad-directive parsing-error swap >>dir ;
+
+: bad-directive ( directive -- * )
+    \ bad-directive parsing-error swap >>dir throw ;
+
 M: bad-directive summary ( obj -- str )
+    [
+        dup call-next-method write
+        "Unknown directive:" print
+        dir>> write
+    ] with-string-writer ;
+
+TUPLE: bad-doctype-decl < parsing-error ;
+
+: bad-doctype-decl ( -- * )
+    \ bad-doctype-decl parsing-error throw ;
+
+M: bad-doctype-decl summary ( obj -- str )
+    call-next-method "\nBad DOCTYPE" append ;
+
+TUPLE: bad-external-id < parsing-error ;
+
+: bad-external-id ( -- * )
+    \ bad-external-id parsing-error throw ;
+
+M: bad-external-id summary ( obj -- str )
+    call-next-method "\nBad external ID" append ;
+
+TUPLE: misplaced-directive < parsing-error dir ;
+
+: misplaced-directive ( directive -- * )
+    \ misplaced-directive parsing-error swap >>dir throw ;
+
+M: misplaced-directive summary ( obj -- str )
     [
         dup call-next-method write
         "Misplaced directive:" print
-        dir>> write-item nl
+        dir>> write-xml-chunk nl
     ] with-string-writer ;
 
 UNION: xml-parse-error multitags notags extra-attrs nonexist-ns
diff --git a/basis/xml/generator/generator-tests.factor b/basis/xml/generator/generator-tests.factor
index 052e5eab7f..17f7cab509 100644
--- a/basis/xml/generator/generator-tests.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/generator/generator-tests.factor
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 USING: tools.test io.streams.string xml.generator xml.writer accessors ;
 [ "<html><body><a href=\"blah\"/></body></html>" ]
-[ "html" [ "body" [ "a" { { "href" "blah" } } contained*, ] tag, ] make-xml [ body>> write-item ] with-string-writer ] unit-test
+[ "html" [ "body" [ "a" { { "href" "blah" } } contained*, ] tag, ] make-xml [ body>> write-xml-chunk ] with-string-writer ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/xml/generator/generator.factor b/basis/xml/generator/generator.factor
index 24da501265..ac7b14b89e 100644
--- a/basis/xml/generator/generator.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/generator/generator.factor
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ sequences ;
 IN: xml.generator
 
 : comment, ( string -- ) <comment> , ;
-: directive, ( string -- ) <directive> , ;
 : instruction, ( string -- ) <instruction> , ;
 : nl, ( -- ) "\n" , ;
 
 : (tag,) ( name attrs quot -- tag )
-    -rot >r >r V{ } make r> r> rot <tag> ; inline
+    -rot [ V{ } make ] 2dip rot <tag> ; inline
 : tag*, ( name attrs quot -- )
     (tag,) , ; inline
 
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/arithmetic.factor b/basis/xml/tests/arithmetic.factor
index 577ef5718c..98facfcac2 100644
--- a/basis/xml/tests/arithmetic.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/arithmetic.factor
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ USING: xml io kernel math sequences strings xml.utilities tools.test math.parser
 PROCESS: calculate ( tag -- n )
 
 : calc-2children ( tag -- n n )
-    children-tags first2 >r calculate r> calculate ;
+    children-tags first2 [ calculate ] dip calculate ;
 
 TAG: number calculate
     children>string string>number ;
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.factor b/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1160af62bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+IN: xml.tests
+USING: xml xml.writer io.files io.encodings.utf8 tools.test kernel ;
+
+[ t ] [
+    "resource:basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.xml" utf8 file-contents string>xml
+    dup xml>string string>xml =
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.xml b/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..90f221ee01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/funny-dtd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes" ?><!DOCTYPE SHOUTCASTSERVER [<!ELEMENT SHOUTCASTSERVER (CURRENTLISTENERS,PEAKLISTENERS,MAXLISTENERS,REPORTEDLISTENERS,AVERAGETIME,SERVERGENRE,SERVERURL,SERVERTITLE,SONGTITLE,SONGURL,IRC,ICQ,AIM,WEBHITS,STREAMHITS,STREAMSTATUS,BITRATE,CONTENT,VERSION,WEBDATA,LISTENERS,SONGHISTORY)><!ELEMENT CURRENTLISTENERS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT PEAKLISTENERS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT MAXLISTENERS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT REPORTEDLISTENERS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT AVERAGETIME (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SERVERGENRE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SERVERURL (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SERVERTITLE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SONGTITLE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SONGURL (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT IRC (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT ICQ (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT AIM (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT WEBHITS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT STREAMHITS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT STREAMSTATUS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT BITRATE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT CONTENT (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT VERSION (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT WEBDATA (INDEX,LISTEN,PALM7,LOGIN,LOGINFAIL,PLAYED,COOKIE,ADMIN,UPDINFO,KICKSRC,KICKDST,UNBANDST,BANDST,VIEWBAN,UNRIPDST,RIPDST,VIEWRIP,VIEWXML,VIEWLOG,INVALID)><!ELEMENT INDEX (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT LISTEN (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT PALM7 (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT LOGIN (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT LOGINFAIL (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT PLAYED (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT COOKIE (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT ADMIN (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT UPDINFO (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT KICKSRC (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT KICKDST (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT UNBANDST (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT BANDST (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT VIEWBAN (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT UNRIPDST (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT RIPDST (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT VIEWRIP (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT VIEWXML (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT VIEWLOG (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT INVALID (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT LISTENERS (LISTENER*)><!ELEMENT LISTENER (HOSTNAME,USERAGENT,UNDERRUNS,CONNECTTIME, POINTER, UID)><!ELEMENT HOSTNAME (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT USERAGENT (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT UNDERRUNS (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT CONNECTTIME (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT POINTER (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT UID (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT SONGHISTORY (SONG*)><!ELEMENT SONG (PLAYEDAT, TITLE)><!ELEMENT PLAYEDAT (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT TITLE (#PCDATA)>]><SHOUTCASTSERVER><CURRENTLISTENERS>0</CURRENTLISTENERS><PEAKLISTENERS>3</PEAKLISTENERS><MAXLISTENERS>500</MAXLISTENERS><REPORTEDLISTENERS>0</REPORTEDLISTENERS><AVERAGETIME>85</AVERAGETIME><SERVERGENRE>various</SERVERGENRE><SERVERURL>http://zomgwtfbbq.info</SERVERURL><SERVERTITLE>[zOMBradio][DJKyleL]</SERVERTITLE><SONGTITLE>Daft Punk - One More Time / Aerodynamic</SONGTITLE><SONGURL></SONGURL><IRC></IRC><ICQ></ICQ><AIM>arkz1372</AIM><WEBHITS>1645</WEBHITS><STREAMHITS>78</STREAMHITS><STREAMSTATUS>0</STREAMSTATUS><BITRATE>96</BITRATE><CONTENT>audio/aacp</CONTENT><VERSION>1.9.8</VERSION><WEBDATA><INDEX>61</INDEX><LISTEN>6</LISTEN><PALM7>0</PALM7><LOGIN>0</LOGIN><LOGINFAIL>30</LOGINFAIL><PLAYED>2</PLAYED><COOKIE>1</COOKIE><ADMIN>11</ADMIN><UPDINFO>1</UPDINFO><KICKSRC>0</KICKSRC><KICKDST>0</KICKDST><UNBANDST>0</UNBANDST><BANDST>0</BANDST><VIEWBAN>3</VIEWBAN><UNRIPDST>0</UNRIPDST><RIPDST>1</RIPDST><VIEWRIP>3</VIEWRIP><VIEWXML>1490</VIEWXML><VIEWLOG>3</VIEWLOG><INVALID>30</INVALID></WEBDATA><LISTENERS></LISTENERS><SONGHISTORY><SONG><PLAYEDAT>1227896017</PLAYEDAT><TITLE>Daft Punk - One More Time / Aerodynamic</TITLE></SONG></SONGHISTORY></SHOUTCASTSERVER>
+
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/templating.factor b/basis/xml/tests/templating.factor
index e95dad6618..f0af650e4f 100644
--- a/basis/xml/tests/templating.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/templating.factor
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ M: object (r-ref) drop ;
 
 ! Example
 
-: sample-doc
+: sample-doc ( -- string )
     {
         "<html xmlns:f='http://littledan.onigirihouse.com/namespaces/replace'>"
         "<body>"
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/test.factor b/basis/xml/tests/test.factor
index 623663ebe1..01987a98ab 100644
--- a/basis/xml/tests/test.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/test.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ IN: xml.tests
 USING: kernel xml tools.test io namespaces make sequences
 xml.errors xml.entities parser strings xml.data io.files
 xml.writer xml.utilities state-parser continuations assocs
-sequences.deep accessors ;
+sequences.deep accessors io.streams.string ;
 
 ! This is insufficient
 \ read-xml must-infer
@@ -44,10 +44,20 @@ SYMBOL: xml-file
     "c" get-id children>string
 ] unit-test
 [ "foo" ] [ "<x y='foo'/>" string>xml "y" over
-    at swap "z" >r tuck r> swap set-at
+    at swap "z" [ tuck ] dip swap set-at
     T{ name f "blah" "z" f } swap at ] unit-test
 [ "foo" ] [ "<boo><![CDATA[foo]]></boo>" string>xml children>string ] unit-test
 [ "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><foo>bar baz</foo>" ]
 [ "<foo>bar</foo>" string>xml [ " baz" append ] map xml>string ] unit-test
 [ "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<foo>\n  bar\n</foo>" ]
 [ "<foo>         bar            </foo>" string>xml pprint-xml>string ] unit-test
+[ "<!-- B+, B, or B--->" string>xml ] must-fail
+[ ] [ "<?xml version='1.0'?><!-- declarations for <head> & <body> --><foo/>" string>xml drop ] unit-test
+[ T{ element-decl f "br" "EMPTY" } ] [ "<!ELEMENT br EMPTY>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ element-decl f "p" "(#PCDATA|emph)*" } ] [ "<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)*>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ element-decl f "%name.para;" "%content.para;" } ] [ "<!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para;>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ element-decl f "container" "ANY" } ] [ "<!ELEMENT container ANY>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ doctype-decl f "foo" } ] [ "<!DOCTYPE foo>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ doctype-decl f "foo" } ] [ "<!DOCTYPE foo >" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ doctype-decl f "foo" T{ system-id f "blah.dtd" } } ] [ "<!DOCTYPE foo SYSTEM 'blah.dtd'>" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
+[ T{ doctype-decl f "foo" T{ system-id f "blah.dtd" } } ] [ "<!DOCTYPE foo   SYSTEM \"blah.dtd\"   >" string>xml-chunk second ] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/xml/tests/xmode-dtd.factor b/basis/xml/tests/xmode-dtd.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c15d3a462e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/basis/xml/tests/xmode-dtd.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: xml io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel tools.test ;
+IN: xml.tests
+
+[ ] [
+    "resource:basis/xmode/xmode.dtd" utf8 <file-reader>
+    read-xml-chunk drop
+] unit-test
diff --git a/basis/xml/tokenize/tokenize.factor b/basis/xml/tokenize/tokenize.factor
index b7314c5b25..0c475c108d 100644
--- a/basis/xml/tokenize/tokenize.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/tokenize/tokenize.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: xml.errors xml.data xml.utilities xml.char-classes sets
 xml.entities kernel state-parser kernel namespaces make strings
 math math.parser sequences assocs arrays splitting combinators
-unicode.case accessors ;
+unicode.case accessors fry ascii ;
 IN: xml.tokenize
 
 ! XML namespace processing: ns = namespace
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
 
 : add-ns ( name -- )
     dup space>> dup ns-stack get assoc-stack
-    [ nip ] [ <nonexist-ns> throw ] if* >>url drop ;
+    [ nip ] [ nonexist-ns ] if* >>url drop ;
 
 : push-ns ( hash -- )
     ns-stack get push ;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
 
 : tag-ns ( name attrs-alist -- name attrs )
     dup attrs>ns push-ns
-    >r dup add-ns r> dup [ drop add-ns ] assoc-each <attrs> ;
+    [ dup add-ns ] dip dup [ drop add-ns ] assoc-each <attrs> ;
 
 ! Parsing names
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
     get-char name-start? [
         [ dup get-char name-char? not ] take-until nip
     ] [
-        "Malformed name" <xml-string-error> throw
+        "Malformed name" xml-string-error
     ] if ;
 
 : parse-name ( -- name )
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
 : (parse-entity) ( string -- )
     dup entities at [ , ] [ 
         prolog-data get standalone>>
-        [ <no-entity> throw ] [
+        [ no-entity ] [
             dup extra-entities get at
-            [ , ] [ <no-entity> throw ] ?if
+            [ , ] [ no-entity ] ?if
         ] if
     ] ?if ;
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
 
 : parse-quot ( ch -- string )
     parse-char get-char
-    [ "XML file ends in a quote" <xml-string-error> throw ] unless ;
+    [ "XML file ends in a quote" xml-string-error ] unless ;
 
 : parse-text ( -- string )
     CHAR: < parse-char ;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
     get-char dup "'\"" member? [
         next parse-quot
     ] [
-        "Attribute lacks quote" <xml-string-error> throw
+        "Attribute lacks quote" xml-string-error
     ] if ;
 
 : parse-attr ( -- )
@@ -141,8 +141,92 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
 : take-cdata ( -- string )
     "[CDATA[" expect-string "]]>" take-string ;
 
+: take-element-decl ( -- element-decl )
+    pass-blank " " take-string pass-blank ">" take-string <element-decl> ;
+
+: take-attlist-decl ( -- doctype-decl )
+    pass-blank " " take-string pass-blank ">" take-string <attlist-decl> ;
+
+: take-until-one-of ( seps -- str sep )
+    '[ get-char _ member? ] take-until get-char ;
+
+: only-blanks ( str -- )
+    [ blank? ] all? [ bad-doctype-decl ] unless ;
+
+: take-system-literal ( -- str )
+    pass-blank get-char next {
+        { CHAR: ' [ "'" take-string ] }
+        { CHAR: " [ "\"" take-string ] }
+    } case ;
+
+: take-system-id ( -- system-id )
+    take-system-literal <system-id>
+    ">" take-string only-blanks ;
+
+: take-public-id ( -- public-id )
+    take-system-literal
+    take-system-literal <public-id>
+    ">" take-string only-blanks ;
+
+DEFER: direct
+
+: (take-internal-subset) ( -- )
+    pass-blank get-char {
+        { CHAR: ] [ next ] }
+        [ drop "<!" expect-string direct , (take-internal-subset) ]
+    } case ;
+
+: take-internal-subset ( -- seq )
+    [ (take-internal-subset) ] { } make ;
+
+: (take-external-id) ( token -- external-id )
+    pass-blank {
+        { "SYSTEM" [ take-system-id ] }
+        { "PUBLIC" [ take-public-id ] }
+        [ bad-external-id ]
+    } case ;
+
+: take-external-id ( -- external-id )
+    " " take-string (take-external-id) ;
+
+: take-doctype-decl ( -- doctype-decl )
+    pass-blank " >" take-until-one-of {
+        { CHAR: \s [
+            pass-blank get-char CHAR: [ = [
+                next take-internal-subset f swap
+                ">" take-string only-blanks
+            ] [
+                " >" take-until-one-of {
+                    { CHAR: \s [ (take-external-id) ] }
+                    { CHAR: > [ only-blanks f ] }
+                } case f
+            ] if
+        ] }
+        { CHAR: > [ f f ] }
+    } case <doctype-decl> ;
+
+: take-entity-def ( -- entity-name entity-def )
+    " " take-string pass-blank get-char {
+        { CHAR: ' [ take-system-literal ] }
+        { CHAR: " [ take-system-literal ] }
+        [ drop take-external-id ]
+    } case ;
+
+: take-entity-decl ( -- entity-decl )
+    pass-blank get-char {
+        { CHAR: % [ next pass-blank take-entity-def ] }
+        [ drop take-entity-def ]
+    } case
+    ">" take-string only-blanks <entity-decl> ;
+
 : take-directive ( -- directive )
-    CHAR: > take-char <directive> next ;
+    " " take-string {
+        { "ELEMENT" [ take-element-decl ] }
+        { "ATTLIST" [ take-attlist-decl ] }
+        { "DOCTYPE" [ take-doctype-decl ] }
+        { "ENTITY" [ take-entity-decl ] }
+        [ bad-directive ]
+    } case ;
 
 : direct ( -- object )
     get-char {
@@ -155,7 +239,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
     {
         { "yes" [ t ] }
         { "no" [ f ] }
-        [ <not-yes/no> throw ]
+        [ not-yes/no ]
     } case ;
 
 : assure-no-extra ( seq -- )
@@ -164,14 +248,14 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
         T{ name f "" "encoding" f }
         T{ name f "" "standalone" f }
     } diff
-    [ <extra-attrs> throw ] unless-empty ; 
+    [ extra-attrs ] unless-empty ; 
 
 : good-version ( version -- version )
-    dup { "1.0" "1.1" } member? [ <bad-version> throw ] unless ;
+    dup { "1.0" "1.1" } member? [ bad-version ] unless ;
 
 : prolog-attrs ( alist -- prolog )
     [ T{ name f "" "version" f } swap at
-      [ good-version ] [ <versionless-prolog> throw ] if* ] keep
+      [ good-version ] [ versionless-prolog ] if* ] keep
     [ T{ name f "" "encoding" f } swap at
       "UTF-8" or ] keep
     T{ name f "" "standalone" f } swap at
@@ -187,7 +271,7 @@ SYMBOL: ns-stack
     (parse-name) dup "xml" =
     [ drop parse-prolog ] [
         dup >lower "xml" =
-        [ <capitalized-prolog> throw ]
+        [ capitalized-prolog ]
         [ "?>" take-string append <instruction> ] if
     ] if ;
 
diff --git a/basis/xml/utilities/utilities.factor b/basis/xml/utilities/utilities.factor
index 2acb353bb6..e104142a76 100644
--- a/basis/xml/utilities/utilities.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/utilities/utilities.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors kernel namespaces sequences words io assocs
 quotations strings parser lexer arrays xml.data xml.writer debugger
-splitting vectors sequences.deep combinators ;
+splitting vectors sequences.deep combinators fry ;
 IN: xml.utilities
 
 ! * System for words specialized on tag names
@@ -16,30 +16,30 @@ M: process-missing error.
 
 : run-process ( tag word -- )
     2dup "xtable" word-prop
-    >r dup main>> r> at* [ 2nip call ] [
+    [ dup main>> ] dip at* [ 2nip call ] [
         drop \ process-missing boa throw
     ] if ;
 
 : PROCESS:
     CREATE
     dup H{ } clone "xtable" set-word-prop
-    dup [ run-process ] curry define ; parsing
+    dup '[ _ run-process ] define ; parsing
 
 : TAG:
     scan scan-word
     parse-definition
     swap "xtable" word-prop
-    rot "/" split [ >r 2dup r> swap set-at ] each 2drop ;
+    rot "/" split [ [ 2dup ] dip swap set-at ] each 2drop ;
     parsing
 
 
 ! * Common utility functions
 
 : build-tag* ( items name -- tag )
-    assure-name swap >r f r> <tag> ;
+    assure-name swap f swap <tag> ;
 
 : build-tag ( item name -- tag )
-    >r 1array r> build-tag* ;
+    [ 1array ] dip build-tag* ;
 
 : standard-prolog ( -- prolog )
     T{ prolog f "1.0" "UTF-8" f } ;
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ M: process-missing error.
     dup tag? [ names-match? ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
 : tags@ ( tag name -- children name )
-    >r { } like r> assure-name ;
+    [ { } like ] dip assure-name ;
 
 : deep-tag-named ( tag name/string -- matching-tag )
-    assure-name [ swap tag-named? ] curry deep-find ;
+    assure-name '[ _ swap tag-named? ] deep-find ;
 
 : deep-tags-named ( tag name/string -- tags-seq )
-    tags@ [ swap tag-named? ] curry deep-filter ;
+    tags@ '[ _ swap tag-named? ] deep-filter ;
 
 : tag-named ( tag name/string -- matching-tag )
     ! like get-name-tag but only looks at direct children,
@@ -89,22 +89,22 @@ M: process-missing error.
     rot dup tag? [ at = ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
 
 : tag-with-attr ( tag attr-value attr-name -- matching-tag )
-    assure-name [ tag-with-attr? ] 2curry find nip ;
+    assure-name '[ _ _ tag-with-attr? ] find nip ;
 
 : tags-with-attr ( tag attr-value attr-name -- tags-seq )
-    tags@ [ tag-with-attr? ] 2curry filter children>> ;
+    tags@ '[ _ _ tag-with-attr? ] filter children>> ;
 
 : deep-tag-with-attr ( tag attr-value attr-name -- matching-tag )
-    assure-name [ tag-with-attr? ] 2curry deep-find ;
+    assure-name '[ _ _ tag-with-attr? ] deep-find ;
 
 : deep-tags-with-attr ( tag attr-value attr-name -- tags-seq )
-    tags@ [ tag-with-attr? ] 2curry deep-filter ;
+    tags@ '[ _ _ tag-with-attr? ] deep-filter ;
 
 : get-id ( tag id -- elem ) ! elem=tag.getElementById(id)
     "id" deep-tag-with-attr ;
 
 : deep-tags-named-with-attr ( tag tag-name attr-value attr-name -- tags )
-    >r >r deep-tags-named r> r> tags-with-attr ;
+    [ deep-tags-named ] 2dip tags-with-attr ;
 
 : assert-tag ( name name -- )
     names-match? [ "Unexpected XML tag found" throw ] unless ;
@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@ M: process-missing error.
     [ swap V{ } like >>children drop ] if ;
 
 : insert-child ( child tag -- )
-    >r 1vector r> insert-children ;
+    [ 1vector ] dip insert-children ;
diff --git a/basis/xml/writer/writer.factor b/basis/xml/writer/writer.factor
index ae6fddacc3..12601953f6 100644
--- a/basis/xml/writer/writer.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/writer/writer.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: hashtables kernel math namespaces sequences strings
 assocs combinators io io.streams.string accessors
-xml.data wrap xml.entities unicode.categories ;
+xml.data wrap xml.entities unicode.categories fry ;
 IN: xml.writer
 
 SYMBOL: xml-pprint?
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYMBOL: indenter
 "  " indenter set-global
 
 : sensitive? ( tag -- ? )
-    sensitive-tags get swap [ names-match? ] curry contains? ;
+    sensitive-tags get swap '[ _ names-match? ] contains? ;
 
 : indent-string ( -- string )
     xml-pprint? get
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ SYMBOL: indenter
         "\"" write
     ] assoc-each ;
 
-GENERIC: write-item ( object -- )
+GENERIC: write-xml-chunk ( object -- )
 
-M: string write-item
+M: string write-xml-chunk
     escape-string dup empty? not xml-pprint? get and
     [ nl 80 indent-string indented-break ] when write ;
 
@@ -65,54 +65,89 @@ M: string write-item
 : write-start-tag ( tag -- )
     write-tag ">" write ;
 
-M: contained-tag write-item
+M: contained-tag write-xml-chunk
     write-tag "/>" write ;
 
 : write-children ( tag -- )
     indent children>> ?filter-children
-    [ write-item ] each unindent ;
+    [ write-xml-chunk ] each unindent ;
 
 : write-end-tag ( tag -- )
     ?indent "</" write print-name CHAR: > write1 ;
 
-M: open-tag write-item
-    xml-pprint? get >r
-    {
-        [ sensitive? not xml-pprint? get and xml-pprint? set ]
-        [ write-start-tag ]
-        [ write-children ]
-        [ write-end-tag ]
-    } cleave
-    r> xml-pprint? set ;
+M: open-tag write-xml-chunk
+    xml-pprint? get [
+        {
+            [ sensitive? not xml-pprint? get and xml-pprint? set ]
+            [ write-start-tag ]
+            [ write-children ]
+            [ write-end-tag ]
+        } cleave
+    ] dip xml-pprint? set ;
 
-M: comment write-item
+M: comment write-xml-chunk
     "<!--" write text>> write "-->" write ;
 
-M: directive write-item
+M: element-decl write-xml-chunk
+    "<!ELEMENT " write
+    [ name>> write " " write ]
+    [ content-spec>> write ">" write ]
+    bi ;
+
+M: attlist-decl write-xml-chunk
+    "<!ATTLIST " write
+    [ name>> write " " write ]
+    [ att-defs>> write ">" write ]
+    bi ;
+
+M: entity-decl write-xml-chunk
+    "<!ENTITY " write
+    [ name>> write " " write ]
+    [ def>> write-xml-chunk ">" write ]
+    bi ;
+
+M: system-id write-xml-chunk
+    "SYSTEM '" write system-literal>> write "'" write ;
+
+M: public-id write-xml-chunk
+    "PUBLIC '" write
+    [ pubid-literal>> write "' '" write ]
+    [ system-literal>> write "'>" write ] bi ;
+
+M: doctype-decl write-xml-chunk
+    "<!DOCTYPE " write
+    [ name>> write " " write ]
+    [ external-id>> [ write-xml-chunk " " write ] when* ]
+    [
+        internal-subset>>
+        [ "[" write [ write-xml-chunk ] each "]" write ] when* ">" write
+    ] tri ;
+
+M: directive write-xml-chunk
     "<!" write text>> write CHAR: > write1 ;
 
-M: instruction write-item
+M: instruction write-xml-chunk
     "<?" write text>> write "?>" write ;
 
+M: sequence write-xml-chunk
+    [ write-xml-chunk ] each ;
+
 : write-prolog ( xml -- )
     "<?xml version=\"" write dup version>> write
     "\" encoding=\"" write dup encoding>> write
     standalone>> [ "\" standalone=\"yes" write ] when
     "\"?>" write ;
 
-: write-chunk ( seq -- )
-    [ write-item ] each ;
-
 : write-xml ( xml -- )
     {
         [ prolog>> write-prolog ]
-        [ before>> write-chunk ]
-        [ body>> write-item ]
-        [ after>> write-chunk ]
+        [ before>> write-xml-chunk ]
+        [ body>> write-xml-chunk ]
+        [ after>> write-xml-chunk ]
     } cleave ;
 
-M: xml write-item
-    body>> write-item ;
+M: xml write-xml-chunk
+    body>> write-xml-chunk ;
 
 : print-xml ( xml -- )
     write-xml nl ;
diff --git a/basis/xml/xml-docs.factor b/basis/xml/xml-docs.factor
index 6a2ff1109e..05dd85251d 100644
--- a/basis/xml/xml-docs.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/xml-docs.factor
@@ -173,10 +173,10 @@ HELP: names-match?
 { $example "USING: prettyprint xml.data ;" "T{ name f \"rpc\" \"methodCall\" f } T{ name f f \"methodCall\" \"http://www.xmlrpc.org/\" } names-match? ." "t" }
 { $see-also name } ;
 
-HELP: xml-chunk
+HELP: read-xml-chunk
 { $values { "stream" "an input stream" } { "seq" "a sequence of elements" } }
 { $description "rather than parse a document, as " { $link read-xml } " does, this word parses and returns a sequence of XML elements (tags, strings, etc), ie a document fragment. This is useful for pieces of XML which may have more than one main tag." }
-{ $see-also write-chunk read-xml } ;
+{ $see-also write-xml-chunk read-xml } ;
 
 HELP: get-id
 { $values { "tag" "an XML tag or document" } { "id" "a string" } { "elem" "an XML element or f" } }
@@ -239,15 +239,10 @@ HELP: pull-event
 { $description "gets the next XML event from the given XML pull parser. Returns f upon exhaustion." }
 { $see-also pull-xml <pull-xml> pull-elem } ;
 
-HELP: write-item
+HELP: write-xml-chunk
 { $values { "object" "an XML element" } }
 { $description "writes an XML element to " { $link output-stream } "." }
-{ $see-also write-chunk write-xml } ;
-
-HELP: write-chunk
-{ $values { "seq" "an XML document fragment" } }
-{ $description "writes an XML document fragment, ie a sequence of XML elements, to " { $link output-stream } "." }
-{ $see-also write-item write-xml } ;
+{ $see-also write-xml-chunk write-xml } ;
 
 HELP: deep-tag-named
 { $values { "tag" "an XML tag or document" } { "name/string" "an XML name or string representing a name" } { "matching-tag" tag } }
@@ -352,13 +347,13 @@ ARTICLE: { "xml" "reading" } "Reading XML"
     "The following words are used to read something into an XML document"
     { $subsection string>xml }
     { $subsection read-xml }
-    { $subsection xml-chunk }
+    { $subsection read-xml-chunk }
+    { $subsection string>xml-chunk }
     { $subsection file>xml } ;
 
 ARTICLE: { "xml" "writing" } "Writing XML"
     "These words are used in implementing prettyprint"
-    { $subsection write-item }
-    { $subsection write-chunk }
+    { $subsection write-xml-chunk }
     "These words are used to print XML normally"
     { $subsection xml>string }
     { $subsection write-xml }
@@ -460,10 +455,8 @@ ARTICLE: { "xml" "entities" } "XML entities"
     { $subsection with-entities }
     { $subsection with-html-entities } ;
 
-ARTICLE: { "xml" "intro" } "XML"
-    "The XML module attempts to implement the XML 1.1 standard, converting strings of text into XML and vice versa. It currently is a work in progress."
-    $nl
-    "The XML module was implemented by Daniel Ehrenberg, with contributions from the Factor community"
+ARTICLE: "xml" "XML parser"
+"The " { $vocab-link "xml" } " vocabulary implements the XML 1.1 standard, converting strings of text into XML and vice versa."
     { $subsection { "xml" "reading" } }
     { $subsection { "xml" "writing" } }
     { $subsection { "xml" "classes" } }
@@ -476,4 +469,4 @@ ARTICLE: { "xml" "intro" } "XML"
 
 IN: xml
 
-ABOUT: { "xml" "intro" }
+ABOUT: "xml"
diff --git a/basis/xml/xml.factor b/basis/xml/xml.factor
index 67168bfb49..8afcf7a33b 100644
--- a/basis/xml/xml.factor
+++ b/basis/xml/xml.factor
@@ -24,17 +24,17 @@ M: object process add-child ;
 
 M: prolog process
     xml-stack get V{ { f V{ "" } } } =
-    [ <bad-prolog> throw ] unless drop ;
+    [ bad-prolog ] unless drop ;
 
 M: instruction process
     xml-stack get length 1 =
-    [ <bad-instruction> throw ] unless
+    [ bad-instruction ] unless
     add-child ;
 
 M: directive process
     xml-stack get dup length 1 =
     swap first second [ tag? ] contains? not and
-    [ <bad-directive> throw ] unless
+    [ misplaced-directive ] unless
     add-child ;
 
 M: contained process
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ M: contained process
 M: opener process push-xml ;
 
 : check-closer ( name opener -- name opener )
-    dup [ <unopened> throw ] unless
+    dup [ unopened ] unless
     2dup name>> =
-    [ name>> swap <mismatched> throw ] unless ;
+    [ name>> swap mismatched ] unless ;
 
 M: closer process
     name>> pop-xml first2
-    >r check-closer attrs>> r>
+    [ check-closer attrs>> ] dip
     <tag> add-child ;
 
 : init-xml-stack ( -- )
@@ -69,27 +69,25 @@ M: closer process
     swap [ string? ] filter
     [
         dup [ blank? ] all?
-        [ drop ] [ swap <pre/post-content> throw ] if
+        [ drop ] [ swap pre/post-content ] if
     ] each drop ;
 
 : no-pre/post ( pre post -- pre post/* )
     ! this does *not* affect the contents of the stack
-    >r dup t assert-blanks r>
-    dup f assert-blanks ;
+    [ dup t assert-blanks ] [ dup f assert-blanks ] bi* ;
 
 : no-post-tags ( post -- post/* )
     ! this does *not* affect the contents of the stack
-    dup [ tag? ] contains? [ <multitags> throw ] when ; 
+    dup [ tag? ] contains? [ multitags ] when ; 
 
 : assure-tags ( seq -- seq )
     ! this does *not* affect the contents of the stack
-    [ <notags> throw ] unless* ;
+    [ notags ] unless* ;
 
 : make-xml-doc ( prolog seq -- xml-doc )
     dup [ tag? ] find
-    >r assure-tags cut rest
-    no-pre/post no-post-tags
-    r> swap <xml> ;
+    [ assure-tags cut rest no-pre/post no-post-tags ] dip
+    swap <xml> ;
 
 ! * Views of XML
 
@@ -142,24 +140,27 @@ TUPLE: pull-xml scope ;
 : (read-xml) ( -- )
     [ process ] sax-loop ; inline
 
-: (xml-chunk) ( stream -- prolog seq )
+: (read-xml-chunk) ( stream -- prolog seq )
     [
         init-xml (read-xml)
-        done? [ <unclosed> throw ] unless
+        done? [ unclosed ] unless
         xml-stack get first second
         prolog-data get swap
     ] state-parse ;
 
 : read-xml ( stream -- xml )
     #! Produces a tree of XML nodes
-    (xml-chunk) make-xml-doc ;
+    (read-xml-chunk) make-xml-doc ;
 
-: xml-chunk ( stream -- seq )
-    (xml-chunk) nip ;
+: read-xml-chunk ( stream -- seq )
+    (read-xml-chunk) nip ;
 
 : string>xml ( string -- xml )
     <string-reader> read-xml ;
 
+: string>xml-chunk ( string -- xml )
+    <string-reader> read-xml-chunk ;
+
 : file>xml ( filename -- xml )
     ! Autodetect encoding!
     utf8 <file-reader> read-xml ;
diff --git a/basis/xmode/utilities/utilities.factor b/basis/xmode/utilities/utilities.factor
index 8f1a6184e8..23e4195158 100644
--- a/basis/xmode/utilities/utilities.factor
+++ b/basis/xmode/utilities/utilities.factor
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 USING: accessors sequences assocs kernel quotations namespaces
-xml.data xml.utilities combinators macros parser lexer words ;
+xml.data xml.utilities combinators macros parser lexer words fry ;
 IN: xmode.utilities
 
-: implies >r not r> or ; inline
+: implies [ not ] dip or ; inline
 
 : child-tags ( tag -- seq ) children>> [ tag? ] filter ;
 
 : map-find ( seq quot -- result elt )
     f -rot
-    [ nip ] swap [ dup ] 3compose find
-    >r [ drop f ] unless r> ; inline
+    '[ nip @ dup ] find
+    [ [ drop f ] unless ] dip ; inline
 
 : tag-init-form ( spec -- quot )
     {
         { [ dup quotation? ] [ [ object get tag get ] prepose ] }
         { [ dup length 2 = ] [
-            first2 [
-                >r >r tag get children>string
-                r> [ execute ] when* object get r> execute
-            ] 2curry
+            first2 '[
+                tag get children>string
+                _ [ execute ] when* object get _ execute
+            ]
         ] }
         { [ dup length 3 = ] [
-            first3 [
-                >r >r tag get at
-                r> [ execute ] when* object get r> execute
-            ] 3curry
+            first3 '[
+                _ tag get at
+                _ [ execute ] when* object get _ execute
+            ]
         ] }
     } cond ;
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ MACRO: (init-from-tag) ( specs -- )
     [ with-tag-initializer ] curry ;
 
 : init-from-tag ( tag tuple specs -- tuple )
-    over >r (init-from-tag) r> ; inline
+    over [ (init-from-tag) ] dip ; inline
 
 SYMBOL: tag-handlers
 SYMBOL: tag-handler-word
diff --git a/build-support/factor.sh b/build-support/factor.sh
index bd234afb5f..b2b6ad1ff9 100755
--- a/build-support/factor.sh
+++ b/build-support/factor.sh
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ check_library_exists() {
         $ECHO "***Factor will compile NO_UI=1"
         NO_UI=1
     fi
-    rm -f $GCC_TEST
-    check_ret rm
-    rm -f $GCC_OUT
-    check_ret rm
+    $DELETE -f $GCC_TEST
+    check_ret $DELETE
+    $DELETE -f $GCC_OUT
+    check_ret $DELETE
     $ECHO "found."
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ find_os() {
         *FreeBSD*) OS=freebsd;;
         *OpenBSD*) OS=openbsd;;
         *DragonFly*) OS=dragonflybsd;;
-    	SunOS) OS=solaris;;
+        SunOS) OS=solaris;;
     esac
 }
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ c_find_word_size() {
     gcc -o $C_WORD $C_WORD.c
     WORD=$(./$C_WORD)
     check_ret $C_WORD
-    rm -f $C_WORD*
+    $DELETE -f $C_WORD*
 }
 
 intel_macosx_word_size() {
@@ -236,17 +236,30 @@ find_word_size() {
 
 set_factor_binary() {
     case $OS in
-        # winnt) FACTOR_BINARY=factor-nt;;
-        # macosx) FACTOR_BINARY=./Factor.app/Contents/MacOS/factor;;
+        winnt) FACTOR_BINARY=factor.exe;;
         *) FACTOR_BINARY=factor;;
     esac
 }
 
+set_factor_library() {
+    case $OS in
+        winnt) FACTOR_LIBRARY=factor.dll;;
+        macosx) FACTOR_LIBRARY=libfactor.dylib;;
+        *) FACTOR_LIBRARY=libfactor.a;;
+    esac
+}
+
+set_factor_image() {
+    FACTOR_IMAGE=factor.image
+}
+
 echo_build_info() {
     $ECHO OS=$OS
     $ECHO ARCH=$ARCH
     $ECHO WORD=$WORD
     $ECHO FACTOR_BINARY=$FACTOR_BINARY
+    $ECHO FACTOR_LIBRARY=$FACTOR_LIBRARY
+    $ECHO FACTOR_IMAGE=$FACTOR_IMAGE
     $ECHO MAKE_TARGET=$MAKE_TARGET
     $ECHO BOOT_IMAGE=$BOOT_IMAGE
     $ECHO MAKE_IMAGE_TARGET=$MAKE_IMAGE_TARGET
@@ -255,6 +268,8 @@ echo_build_info() {
     $ECHO DOWNLOADER=$DOWNLOADER
     $ECHO CC=$CC
     $ECHO MAKE=$MAKE
+    $ECHO COPY=$COPY
+    $ECHO DELETE=$DELETE
 }
 
 check_os_arch_word() {
@@ -264,7 +279,7 @@ check_os_arch_word() {
         $ECHO "WORD: $WORD"
         $ECHO "OS, ARCH, or WORD is empty.  Please report this."
 
-    	echo $MAKE_TARGET
+        echo $MAKE_TARGET
         exit 5
     fi
 }
@@ -312,6 +327,8 @@ find_build_info() {
     find_architecture
     find_word_size
     set_factor_binary
+    set_factor_library
+    set_factor_image
     set_build_info
     set_downloader
     set_gcc
@@ -339,9 +356,44 @@ cd_factor() {
     check_ret cd
 }
 
+set_copy() {
+    case $OS in
+        winnt) COPY=cp;;
+        *) COPY=cp;;
+    esac
+}
+
+set_delete() {
+    case $OS in
+        winnt) DELETE=rm;;
+        *) DELETE=rm;;
+    esac
+}
+
+backup_factor() {
+    $ECHO "Backing up factor..."
+    $COPY $FACTOR_BINARY $FACTOR_BINARY.bak
+    $COPY $FACTOR_LIBRARY $FACTOR_LIBRARY.bak
+    $COPY $BOOT_IMAGE $BOOT_IMAGE.bak
+    $COPY $FACTOR_IMAGE $FACTOR_IMAGE.bak
+    $ECHO "Done with backup."
+}
+
+check_makefile_exists() {
+    if [[ ! -e "Makefile" ]] ; then
+        echo ""
+        echo "***Makefile not found***"
+        echo "You are likely in the wrong directory."
+        echo "Run this script from your factor directory:"
+        echo "     ./build-support/factor.sh"
+        exit 6
+    fi
+}
+
 invoke_make() {
-   $MAKE $MAKE_OPTS $*
-   check_ret $MAKE
+    check_makefile_exists
+    $MAKE $MAKE_OPTS $*
+    check_ret $MAKE
 }
 
 make_clean() {
@@ -354,9 +406,10 @@ make_factor() {
 
 update_boot_images() {
     echo "Deleting old images..."
-    rm checksums.txt* > /dev/null 2>&1
-    rm $BOOT_IMAGE.* > /dev/null 2>&1
-    rm temp/staging.*.image > /dev/null 2>&1
+    $DELETE checksums.txt* > /dev/null 2>&1
+	# delete boot images with one or two characters after the dot
+    $DELETE $BOOT_IMAGE.{?,??} > /dev/null 2>&1
+    $DELETE temp/staging.*.image > /dev/null 2>&1
     if [[ -f $BOOT_IMAGE ]] ; then
         get_url http://factorcode.org/images/latest/checksums.txt
         factorcode_md5=`cat checksums.txt|grep $BOOT_IMAGE|cut -f2 -d' '`;
@@ -370,7 +423,7 @@ update_boot_images() {
         if [[ "$factorcode_md5" == "$disk_md5" ]] ; then
             echo "Your disk boot image matches the one on factorcode.org."
         else
-            rm $BOOT_IMAGE > /dev/null 2>&1
+            $DELETE $BOOT_IMAGE > /dev/null 2>&1
             get_boot_image;
         fi
     else
@@ -447,6 +500,7 @@ install() {
 update() {
     get_config_info
     git_pull_factorcode
+    backup_factor
     make_clean
     make_factor
 }
@@ -457,12 +511,12 @@ update_bootstrap() {
 }
 
 refresh_image() {
-    ./$FACTOR_BINARY -script -e="USE: vocabs.loader refresh-all USE: memory save 0 USE: system exit"
+    ./$FACTOR_BINARY -script -e="USE: vocabs.loader USE: system refresh-all USE: memory save 0 exit"
     check_ret factor
 }
 
 make_boot_image() {
-    ./$FACTOR_BINARY -script -e="\"$MAKE_IMAGE_TARGET\" USE: bootstrap.image make-image save 0 USE: system exit"
+    ./$FACTOR_BINARY -script -e="\"$MAKE_IMAGE_TARGET\" USE: system USE: bootstrap.image make-image save 0 exit"
     check_ret factor
 
 }
@@ -501,6 +555,9 @@ if [[ -n "$2" ]] ; then
     parse_build_info $2
 fi
 
+set_copy
+set_delete
+
 case "$1" in
     install) install ;;
     install-x11) install_build_system_apt; install ;;
diff --git a/core/alien/alien-docs.factor b/core/alien/alien-docs.factor
index ce3497439a..edac8c09cc 100644
--- a/core/alien/alien-docs.factor
+++ b/core/alien/alien-docs.factor
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ $nl
         "Gives all Factor threads a chance to run."
     } }
     { {
-        { $code "void factor_sleep(long ms)" }
-        "Gives all Factor threads a chance to run for " { $snippet "ms" } " milliseconds."
+        { $code "void factor_sleep(long us)" }
+        "Gives all Factor threads a chance to run for " { $snippet "us" } " microseconds."
     } }
 } ;
 
diff --git a/core/arrays/arrays.factor b/core/arrays/arrays.factor
index b023398762..74bc57e9db 100644
--- a/core/arrays/arrays.factor
+++ b/core/arrays/arrays.factor
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ IN: arrays
 
 M: array clone (clone) ;
 M: array length length>> ;
-M: array nth-unsafe >r >fixnum r> array-nth ;
-M: array set-nth-unsafe >r >fixnum r> set-array-nth ;
+M: array nth-unsafe [ >fixnum ] dip array-nth ;
+M: array set-nth-unsafe [ >fixnum ] dip set-array-nth ;
 M: array resize resize-array ;
 
 : >array ( seq -- array ) { } clone-like ;
diff --git a/core/assocs/assocs-docs.factor b/core/assocs/assocs-docs.factor
index f969b208eb..b02e0189b2 100644
--- a/core/assocs/assocs-docs.factor
+++ b/core/assocs/assocs-docs.factor
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ HELP: new-assoc
 { $contract "Creates a new assoc of the same size as " { $snippet "exemplar" } " which can hold " { $snippet "capacity" } " entries before growing." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-find
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- ? )" } } { "key" "the successful key, or f" } { "value" "the successful value, or f" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- ? )" } } { "key" "the successful key, or f" } { "value" "the successful value, or f" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Applies a predicate quotation to each entry in the assoc. Returns the key and value that the quotation succeeds on, or " { $link f } " for both if the quotation fails. It also returns a boolean describing whether there was anything found; this can be used to distinguish between a key and a value equal to " { $link f } ", or nothing being found." } ;
 
 HELP: clear-assoc
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ HELP: at
 { $description "Looks up the value associated with a key. This word makes no distinction between a missing value and a value set to " { $link f } "; if the difference is important, use " { $link at* } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-each
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to each entry in the assoc." }
 { $examples
     { $example
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ HELP: assoc-each
 } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-map
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- newkey newvalue )" } } { "newassoc" "a new assoc" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- newkey newvalue )" } } { "newassoc" "a new assoc" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each entry in the input assoc and collects the results in a new assoc of the same type as the input." }
 { $examples
     { $unchecked-example
@@ -224,19 +224,19 @@ HELP: assoc-map
 { assoc-map assoc-map-as } related-words
 
 HELP: assoc-push-if
-{ $values { "accum" "a resizable mutable sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- ? )" } } { "key" object } { "value" object } }
+{ $values { "accum" "a resizable mutable sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- ? )" } } { "key" object } { "value" object } }
 { $description "If the quotation yields true when applied to the key/value pair, adds the key/value pair at the end of " { $snippet "accum" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-filter
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- ? )" } } { "subassoc" "a new assoc" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- ? )" } } { "subassoc" "a new assoc" } }
 { $description "Outputs an assoc of the same type as " { $snippet "assoc" } " consisting of all entries for which the predicate quotation yields true." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-contains?
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if the assoc contains an entry satisfying a predicate by applying the quotation to each entry in turn. Iteration stops if an entry is found for which the quotation outputs a true value." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-all?
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if all entries in the assoc satisfy a predicate by applying the quotation to each entry in turn. a predicate quotation to entry in the assoc. Iteration stops if an entry is found for which the quotation outputs " { $link f } ". If the assoc is empty, always outputs " { $link t } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc-subset?
@@ -325,20 +325,20 @@ HELP: substitute
 { $description "Creates a new sequence where elements of " { $snippet "seq" } " which appear as keys in " { $snippet "assoc" } " are replaced by the corresponding values, and all other elements are unchanged." } ;
 
 HELP: cache
-{ $values { "key" "a key" } { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key -- value )" } } { "value" "a previously-retained or freshly-computed value" } }
+{ $values { "key" "a key" } { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key -- value )" } } { "value" "a previously-retained or freshly-computed value" } }
 { $description "If the key is present in the assoc, outputs the associated value, otherwise calls the quotation to produce a value and stores the key/value pair into the assoc." }
 { $side-effects "assoc" } ;
 
 HELP: map>assoc
-{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- key value )" } } { "exemplar" assoc } { "assoc" "a new assoc" } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- key value )" } } { "exemplar" assoc } { "assoc" "a new assoc" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence, and collects the keys and values into a new assoc having the same type as " { $snippet "exemplar" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: assoc>map
-{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( key value -- elt )" } } { "exemplar" "a sequence" } { "seq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( key value -- elt )" } } { "exemplar" "a sequence" } { "seq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each entry of the assoc and collects the results into a new sequence of the same type as the exemplar." } ;
 
 HELP: change-at
-{ $values { "key" object } { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( value -- newvalue )" } } }
+{ $values { "key" object } { "assoc" assoc } { "quot" { $quotation "( value -- newvalue )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the value associated with " { $snippet "key" } ", storing the new value back in the assoc." }
 { $side-effects "assoc" } ;
 
diff --git a/core/assocs/assocs-tests.factor b/core/assocs/assocs-tests.factor
index 3deb08ac62..969c7249a9 100644
--- a/core/assocs/assocs-tests.factor
+++ b/core/assocs/assocs-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 IN: assocs.tests
 USING: kernel math namespaces make tools.test vectors sequences
 sequences.private hashtables io prettyprint assocs
-continuations float-arrays ;
+continuations specialized-arrays.double ;
 
 [ t ] [ H{ } dup assoc-subset? ] unit-test
 [ f ] [ H{ { 1 3 } } H{ } assoc-subset? ] unit-test
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ unit-test
 [
     H{ { 1.0 1.0 } { 2.0 2.0 } }
 ] [
-    F{ 1.0 2.0 } [ dup ] H{ } map>assoc
+    double-array{ 1.0 2.0 } [ dup ] H{ } map>assoc
 ] unit-test
 
 [ { 3 } ] [
diff --git a/core/assocs/assocs.factor b/core/assocs/assocs.factor
index 9b8065e6c4..a0d16084b1 100644
--- a/core/assocs/assocs.factor
+++ b/core/assocs/assocs.factor
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ GENERIC: assoc-clone-like ( assoc exemplar -- newassoc )
 GENERIC: >alist ( assoc -- newassoc )
 
 : (assoc-each) ( assoc quot -- seq quot' )
-    >r >alist r> [ first2 ] prepose ; inline
+    [ >alist ] dip [ first2 ] prepose ; inline
 
 : assoc-find ( assoc quot -- key value ? )
     (assoc-each) find swap [ first2 t ] [ drop f f f ] if ; inline
@@ -32,23 +32,26 @@ GENERIC: >alist ( assoc -- newassoc )
     (assoc-each) each ; inline
 
 : assoc>map ( assoc quot exemplar -- seq )
-    >r accumulator >r assoc-each r> r> like ; inline
+    [ accumulator [ assoc-each ] dip ] dip like ; inline
 
 : assoc-map-as ( assoc quot exemplar -- newassoc )
-    >r [ 2array ] compose V{ } assoc>map r> assoc-like ; inline
+    [ [ 2array ] compose V{ } assoc>map ] dip assoc-like ; inline
 
 : assoc-map ( assoc quot -- newassoc )
     over assoc-map-as ; inline
 
 : assoc-push-if ( key value quot accum -- )
-    >r 2keep r> roll
-    [ >r 2array r> push ] [ 3drop ] if ; inline
+    [ 2keep rot ] dip swap
+    [ [ 2array ] dip push ] [ 3drop ] if ; inline
 
 : assoc-pusher ( quot -- quot' accum )
     V{ } clone [ [ assoc-push-if ] 2curry ] keep ; inline
 
+: assoc-filter-as ( assoc quot exemplar -- subassoc )
+    [ assoc-pusher [ assoc-each ] dip ] dip assoc-like ; inline
+
 : assoc-filter ( assoc quot -- subassoc )
-    over >r assoc-pusher >r assoc-each r> r> assoc-like ; inline
+    over assoc-filter-as ; inline
 
 : assoc-contains? ( assoc quot -- ? )
     assoc-find 2nip ; inline
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ M: assoc assoc-clone-like ( assoc exemplar -- newassoc )
         3drop f
     ] [
         3dup nth-unsafe at*
-        [ >r 3drop r> ] [ drop >r 1- r> (assoc-stack) ] if
+        [ [ 3drop ] dip ] [ drop [ 1- ] dip (assoc-stack) ] if
     ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : assoc-stack ( key seq -- value )
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ M: assoc assoc-clone-like ( assoc exemplar -- newassoc )
 
 : assoc-hashcode ( n assoc -- code )
     [
-        >r over r> hashcode* 2/ >r dupd hashcode* r> bitxor
+        [ over ] dip hashcode* 2/ [ dupd hashcode* ] dip bitxor
     ] { } assoc>map hashcode* ;
 
 : assoc-intersect ( assoc1 assoc2 -- intersection )
@@ -107,8 +110,8 @@ M: assoc assoc-clone-like ( assoc exemplar -- newassoc )
     swap [ swapd set-at ] curry assoc-each ;
 
 : assoc-union ( assoc1 assoc2 -- union )
-    2dup [ assoc-size ] bi@ + pick new-assoc
-    [ rot update ] keep [ swap update ] keep ;
+    [ [ [ assoc-size ] bi@ + ] [ drop ] 2bi new-assoc ] 2keep
+    [ dupd update ] bi@ ;
 
 : assoc-combine ( seq -- union )
     H{ } clone [ dupd update ] reduce ;
@@ -130,19 +133,19 @@ M: assoc assoc-clone-like ( assoc exemplar -- newassoc )
 
 : cache ( key assoc quot -- value )
     2over at* [
-        >r 3drop r>
+        [ 3drop ] dip
     ] [
-        drop pick rot >r >r call dup r> r> set-at
+        drop pick rot [ call dup ] 2dip set-at
     ] if ; inline
 
 : change-at ( key assoc quot -- )
-    [ >r at r> call ] 3keep drop set-at ; inline
+    [ [ at ] dip call ] 3keep drop set-at ; inline
 
 : at+ ( n key assoc -- )
     [ 0 or + ] change-at ;
 
 : map>assoc ( seq quot exemplar -- assoc )
-    >r [ 2array ] compose { } map-as r> assoc-like ; inline
+    [ [ 2array ] compose { } map-as ] dip assoc-like ; inline
 
 : extract-keys ( seq assoc -- subassoc )
     [ [ dupd at ] curry ] keep map>assoc ;
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@ M: sequence at*
 M: sequence set-at
     2dup search-alist
     [ 2nip set-second ]
-    [ drop >r swap 2array r> push ] if ;
+    [ drop [ swap 2array ] dip push ] if ;
 
 M: sequence new-assoc drop <vector> ;
 
@@ -186,10 +189,10 @@ M: sequence delete-at
 M: sequence assoc-size length ;
 
 M: sequence assoc-clone-like
-    >r >alist r> clone-like ;
+    [ >alist ] dip clone-like ;
 
 M: sequence assoc-like
-    >r >alist r> like ;
+    [ >alist ] dip like ;
 
 M: sequence >alist ;
 
diff --git a/core/bootstrap/primitives.factor b/core/bootstrap/primitives.factor
index 24faf81662..a4cee5c7b9 100644
--- a/core/bootstrap/primitives.factor
+++ b/core/bootstrap/primitives.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2004, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: alien arrays byte-arrays generic hashtables
-hashtables.private io kernel math math.order namespaces make
-parser sequences strings vectors words quotations assocs layouts
-classes classes.builtin classes.tuple classes.tuple.private
-kernel.private vocabs vocabs.loader source-files definitions
-slots classes.union classes.intersection classes.predicate
-compiler.units bootstrap.image.private io.files accessors
-combinators ;
+hashtables.private io kernel math math.private math.order
+namespaces make parser sequences strings vectors words
+quotations assocs layouts classes classes.builtin classes.tuple
+classes.tuple.private kernel.private vocabs vocabs.loader
+source-files definitions slots classes.union
+classes.intersection classes.predicate compiler.units
+bootstrap.image.private io.files accessors combinators ;
 IN: bootstrap.primitives
 
 "Creating primitives and basic runtime structures..." print flush
@@ -129,8 +129,7 @@ bootstrapping? on
     [ "slots" set-word-prop ] [ define-accessors ] 2bi ;
 
 : define-builtin ( symbol slotspec -- )
-    >r [ define-builtin-predicate ] keep
-    r> define-builtin-slots ;
+    [ [ define-builtin-predicate ] keep ] dip define-builtin-slots ;
 
 "fixnum" "math" create register-builtin
 "bignum" "math" create register-builtin
@@ -186,7 +185,11 @@ define-union-class
 ! A predicate class used for declarations
 "array-capacity" "sequences.private" create
 "fixnum" "math" lookup
-0 bootstrap-max-array-capacity <fake-bignum> [ between? ] 2curry
+[
+    [ dup 0 fixnum>= ] %
+    bootstrap-max-array-capacity <fake-bignum> [ fixnum<= ] curry ,
+    [ [ drop f ] if ] %
+] [ ] make
 define-predicate-class
 
 ! Catch-all class for providing a default method.
@@ -303,7 +306,13 @@ tuple
     [ f "inline" set-word-prop ]
     [ make-flushable ]
     [ ]
-    [ tuple-layout [ <tuple-boa> ] curry ]
+    [
+        [
+            callable instance-check-quot %
+            tuple-layout ,
+            \ <tuple-boa> ,
+        ] [ ] make
+    ]
 } cleave
 (( obj quot -- curry )) define-declared
 
@@ -319,7 +328,14 @@ tuple
     [ f "inline" set-word-prop ]
     [ make-flushable ]
     [ ]
-    [ tuple-layout [ <tuple-boa> ] curry ]
+    [
+        [
+            callable instance-check-quot [ dip ] curry %
+            callable instance-check-quot %
+            tuple-layout ,
+            \ <tuple-boa> ,
+        ] [ ] make
+    ]
 } cleave
 (( quot1 quot2 -- compose )) define-declared
 
@@ -332,6 +348,7 @@ tuple
 {
     { "(execute)" "words.private" }
     { "(call)" "kernel.private" }
+    { "both-fixnums?" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum+fast" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum-fast" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum*fast" "math.private" }
@@ -341,6 +358,8 @@ tuple
     { "fixnum-bitnot" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum-mod" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum-shift-fast" "math.private" }
+    { "fixnum/i-fast" "math.private" }
+    { "fixnum/mod-fast" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum<" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum<=" "math.private" }
     { "fixnum>" "math.private" }
@@ -372,7 +391,7 @@ tuple
 
 ! Primitive words
 : make-primitive ( word vocab n -- )
-    >r create dup reset-word r>
+    [ create dup reset-word ] dip
     [ do-primitive ] curry [ ] like define ;
 
 {
@@ -443,7 +462,7 @@ tuple
     { "exit" "system" }
     { "data-room" "memory" }
     { "code-room" "memory" }
-    { "millis" "system" }
+    { "micros" "system" }
     { "modify-code-heap" "compiler.units" }
     { "dlopen" "alien" }
     { "dlsym" "alien" }
@@ -515,8 +534,10 @@ tuple
     { "dll-valid?" "alien" }
     { "unimplemented" "kernel.private" }
     { "gc-reset" "memory" }
+    { "jit-compile" "quotations" }
+    { "load-locals" "locals.backend" }
 }
-[ >r first2 r> make-primitive ] each-index
+[ [ first2 ] dip make-primitive ] each-index
 
 ! Bump build number
 "build" "kernel" create build 1+ 1quotation define
diff --git a/core/byte-vectors/byte-vectors-tests.factor b/core/byte-vectors/byte-vectors-tests.factor
index d457d6805e..9a100d9795 100644
--- a/core/byte-vectors/byte-vectors-tests.factor
+++ b/core/byte-vectors/byte-vectors-tests.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 IN: byte-vectors.tests
-USING: tools.test byte-vectors vectors sequences kernel ;
+USING: tools.test byte-vectors vectors sequences kernel
+prettyprint ;
 
 [ 0 ] [ 123 <byte-vector> length ] unit-test
 
@@ -12,3 +13,5 @@ USING: tools.test byte-vectors vectors sequences kernel ;
 ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ BV{ } byte-vector? ] unit-test
+
+[ "BV{ }" ] [ BV{ } unparse ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/checksums/checksums.factor b/core/checksums/checksums.factor
index 08a13297d1..4b0d9e5072 100644
--- a/core/checksums/checksums.factor
+++ b/core/checksums/checksums.factor
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@ GENERIC: checksum-stream ( stream checksum -- value )
 
 GENERIC: checksum-lines ( lines checksum -- value )
 
-M: checksum checksum-bytes >r binary <byte-reader> r> checksum-stream ;
+M: checksum checksum-bytes
+    [ binary <byte-reader> ] dip checksum-stream ;
 
-M: checksum checksum-stream >r contents r> checksum-bytes ;
+M: checksum checksum-stream
+    [ contents ] dip checksum-bytes ;
 
-M: checksum checksum-lines >r B{ CHAR: \n } join r> checksum-bytes ;
+M: checksum checksum-lines
+    [ B{ CHAR: \n } join ] dip checksum-bytes ;
 
 : checksum-file ( path checksum -- value )
-    >r binary <file-reader> r> checksum-stream ;
+    [ binary <file-reader> ] dip checksum-stream ;
 
 : hex-string ( seq -- str )
     [ >hex 2 CHAR: 0 pad-left ] { } map-as concat ;
diff --git a/core/checksums/crc32/crc32.factor b/core/checksums/crc32/crc32.factor
index e1f0b9417b..7cff22de19 100644
--- a/core/checksums/crc32/crc32.factor
+++ b/core/checksums/crc32/crc32.factor
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ IN: checksums.crc32
 
 256 [
     8 [
-        dup even? >r 2/ r> [ crc32-polynomial bitxor ] unless
+        [ 2/ ] [ even? ] bi [ crc32-polynomial bitxor ] unless
     ] times >bignum
 ] map 0 crc32-table copy
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ SINGLETON: crc32
 
 INSTANCE: crc32 checksum
 
-: init-crc32 drop >r HEX: ffffffff dup r> ; inline
+: init-crc32 drop [ HEX: ffffffff dup ] dip ; inline
 
 : finish-crc32 bitxor 4 >be ; inline
 
diff --git a/core/classes/algebra/algebra-tests.factor b/core/classes/algebra/algebra-tests.factor
index 4558ce4737..a3610ff7c5 100644
--- a/core/classes/algebra/algebra-tests.factor
+++ b/core/classes/algebra/algebra-tests.factor
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ IN: classes.algebra.tests
 \ flatten-class must-infer
 \ flatten-builtin-class must-infer
 
-: class-and* ( cls1 cls2 cls3 -- ? ) >r class-and r> class= ;
+: class-and* ( cls1 cls2 cls3 -- ? ) [ class-and ] dip class= ;
 
-: class-or* ( cls1 cls2 cls3 -- ? ) >r class-or r> class= ;
+: class-or* ( cls1 cls2 cls3 -- ? ) [ class-or ] dip class= ;
 
 [ t ] [ object  object  object class-and* ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ fixnum  object  fixnum class-and* ] unit-test
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ UNION: z1 b1 c1 ;
         20 [ random-boolean-op ] [ ] replicate-as dup .
         [ infer in>> [ random-boolean ] replicate dup . ] keep
         
-        [ >r [ ] each r> call ] 2keep
+        [ [ [ ] each ] dip call ] 2keep
         
-        >r [ boolean>class ] each r> [ boolean-op>class-op ] map call object class=
+        [ [ boolean>class ] each ] dip [ boolean-op>class-op ] map call object class=
         
         =
     ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/classes/algebra/algebra.factor b/core/classes/algebra/algebra.factor
index b7e6800950..1b86ce0b0a 100644
--- a/core/classes/algebra/algebra.factor
+++ b/core/classes/algebra/algebra.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ TUPLE: anonymous-complement class ;
 C: <anonymous-complement> anonymous-complement
 
 : 2cache ( key1 key2 assoc quot -- value )
-    >r >r 2array r> [ first2 ] r> compose cache ; inline
+    [ 2array ] 2dip [ first2 ] prepose cache ; inline
 
 GENERIC: valid-class? ( obj -- ? )
 
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ DEFER: (class-or)
     swap superclass dup [ swap class<= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
 : left-anonymous-union<= ( first second -- ? )
-    >r members>> r> [ class<= ] curry all? ;
+    [ members>> ] dip [ class<= ] curry all? ;
 
 : right-anonymous-union<= ( first second -- ? )
     members>> [ class<= ] with contains? ;
 
 : left-anonymous-intersection<= ( first second -- ? )
-    >r participants>> r> [ class<= ] curry contains? ;
+    [ participants>> ] dip [ class<= ] curry contains? ;
 
 : right-anonymous-intersection<= ( first second -- ? )
     participants>> [ class<= ] with all? ;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ DEFER: (class-or)
     } cond ;
 
 : left-anonymous-complement<= ( first second -- ? )
-    >r normalize-complement r> class<= ;
+    [ normalize-complement ] dip class<= ;
 
 PREDICATE: nontrivial-anonymous-complement < anonymous-complement
     class>> {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ M: anonymous-complement (classes-intersect?)
 : sort-classes ( seq -- newseq )
     [ [ name>> ] compare ] sort >vector
     [ dup empty? not ]
-    [ dup largest-class >r over delete-nth r> ]
+    [ dup largest-class [ over delete-nth ] dip ]
     [ ] produce nip ;
 
 : min-class ( class seq -- class/f )
diff --git a/core/classes/intersection/intersection.factor b/core/classes/intersection/intersection.factor
index 55831fcdb4..fffb172204 100644
--- a/core/classes/intersection/intersection.factor
+++ b/core/classes/intersection/intersection.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ PREDICATE: intersection-class < class
 M: intersection-class update-class define-intersection-predicate ;
 
 : define-intersection-class ( class participants -- )
-    [ f f rot intersection-class define-class ]
+    [ [ f f ] dip intersection-class define-class ]
     [ drop update-classes ]
     2bi ;
 
diff --git a/core/classes/mixin/mixin.factor b/core/classes/mixin/mixin.factor
index 65726cf6e8..2470c00875 100644
--- a/core/classes/mixin/mixin.factor
+++ b/core/classes/mixin/mixin.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ M: mixin-class rank-class drop 3 ;
         bi
     ] if ;
 
-TUPLE: check-mixin-class mixin ;
+TUPLE: check-mixin-class class ;
 
 : check-mixin-class ( mixin -- mixin )
     dup mixin-class? [
diff --git a/core/classes/predicate/predicate-docs.factor b/core/classes/predicate/predicate-docs.factor
index d03d97cd4c..3ea0a24674 100644
--- a/core/classes/predicate/predicate-docs.factor
+++ b/core/classes/predicate/predicate-docs.factor
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ARTICLE: "predicates" "Predicate classes"
 ABOUT: "predicates"
 
 HELP: define-predicate-class
-{ $values { "class" class } { "superclass" class } { "definition" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( superclass -- ? )" } } }
+{ $values { "class" class } { "superclass" class } { "definition" { $quotation "( superclass -- ? )" } } }
 { $description "Defines a predicate class. This is the run time equivalent of " { $link POSTPONE: PREDICATE: } "." }
 { $notes "This word must be called from inside " { $link with-compilation-unit } "." }
 { $side-effects "class" } ;
diff --git a/core/classes/tuple/tuple-docs.factor b/core/classes/tuple/tuple-docs.factor
index 4d2c537522..3bac6c87b3 100644
--- a/core/classes/tuple/tuple-docs.factor
+++ b/core/classes/tuple/tuple-docs.factor
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ARTICLE: "tuple-constructors" "Tuple constructors"
 { $subsection POSTPONE: C: }
 "By convention, construction logic is encapsulated in a word named after the tuple class surrounded in angle brackets; for example, the constructor word for a " { $snippet "point" } " class might be named " { $snippet "<point>" } "."
 $nl
-"Constructors play a part in enforcing the invariant that slot values must always match slot declarations. The " { $link new } " word fills in the tuple will initial values, and " { $link boa } " ensures that the values on the stack match the corresponding slot declarations. See " { $link "tuple-declarations" } "."
+"Constructors play a part in enforcing the invariant that slot values must always match slot declarations. The " { $link new } " word fills in the tuple with initial values, and " { $link boa } " ensures that the values on the stack match the corresponding slot declarations. See " { $link "tuple-declarations" } "."
 $nl
 "All tuple construction should be done through constructor words, and construction primitives should be encapsulated and never called outside of the vocabulary where the class is defined, because this encourages looser coupling. For example, a constructor word could be changed to use memoization instead of always constructing a new instance, or it could be changed to construt a different class, without breaking callers."
 $nl
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ $nl
     "{ alpha integer initial: 1 } ;"
     ""
     "! The following two are equivalent"
-    "C: <rgba> rgba"
+    "C: <rgba> color"
     ": <rgba> color boa ;"
     ""
     "! We can define constructors which call other constructors"
-    ": <rgb> 1 <rgba> ;"
+    ": <rgb> ( r g b -- color ) 1 <rgba> ;"
     ""
     "! The following two are equivalent; note the initial value"
     ": <color> ( -- color ) color new ;"
diff --git a/core/classes/tuple/tuple-tests.factor b/core/classes/tuple/tuple-tests.factor
index 8261e713a5..8d2610ccd7 100644
--- a/core/classes/tuple/tuple-tests.factor
+++ b/core/classes/tuple/tuple-tests.factor
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ must-fail-with
 [ t ] [ "forget-accessors-test" "classes.tuple.tests" lookup class? ] unit-test
 
 : accessor-exists? ( class name -- ? )
-    >r "forget-accessors-test" "classes.tuple.tests" lookup r>
+    [ "forget-accessors-test" "classes.tuple.tests" lookup ] dip
     ">>" append "accessors" lookup method >boolean ;
 
 [ t ] [ "x" accessor-exists? ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/classes/tuple/tuple.factor b/core/classes/tuple/tuple.factor
index a56a4df029..6f8021f733 100644
--- a/core/classes/tuple/tuple.factor
+++ b/core/classes/tuple/tuple.factor
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : tuple>array ( tuple -- array )
     prepare-tuple>array
-    >r copy-tuple-slots r>
+    [ copy-tuple-slots ] dip
     first prefix ;
 
 : tuple-slots ( tuple -- seq )
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ ERROR: bad-superclass class ;
     [
         \ dup ,
         [ "predicate" word-prop % ]
-        [ [ bad-slot-value ] curry , ] bi
+        [ [ literalize , \ bad-slot-value , ] [ ] make , ] bi
         \ unless ,
     ] [ ] make ;
 
@@ -178,9 +178,9 @@ ERROR: bad-superclass class ;
 
 : update-slot ( old-values n class initial -- value )
     pick [
-        >r >r swap nth dup r> instance? r> swap
+        [ [ swap nth dup ] dip instance? ] dip swap
         [ drop ] [ nip ] if
-    ] [ >r 3drop r> ] if ;
+    ] [ [ 3drop ] dip ] if ;
 
 : apply-slot-permutation ( old-values triples -- new-values )
     [ first3 update-slot ] with map ;
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ M: tuple-class update-class
     class-usages [ tuple-class? ] filter ;
 
 : each-subclass ( class quot -- )
-    >r subclasses r> each ; inline
+    [ subclasses ] dip each ; inline
 
 : redefine-tuple-class ( class superclass slots -- )
     [
@@ -248,7 +248,9 @@ M: tuple-class update-class
     3bi ;
 
 : tuple-class-unchanged? ( class superclass slots -- ? )
-    rot tuck [ superclass = ] [ "slots" word-prop = ] 2bi* and ;
+    [ over ] dip
+    [ [ superclass ] dip = ]
+    [ [ "slots" word-prop ] dip = ] 2bi* and ;
 
 : valid-superclass? ( class -- ? )
     [ tuple-class? ] [ tuple eq? ] bi or ;
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@ M: tuple equal? over tuple? [ tuple= ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 M: tuple hashcode*
     [
         [ class hashcode ] [ tuple-size ] [ ] tri
-        >r rot r> [
+        [ rot ] dip [
             swapd array-nth hashcode* sequence-hashcode-step
         ] 2curry each
     ] recursive-hashcode ;
diff --git a/core/combinators/combinators-docs.factor b/core/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
index a494c09b05..3afc0a3c3d 100644
--- a/core/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
+++ b/core/combinators/combinators-docs.factor
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ HELP: spread
     { $code
         "! Equivalent"
         "{ [ p ] [ q ] [ r ] [ s ] } spread"
-        ">r >r >r p r> q r> r r> s"
+        "[ [ [ p ] dip q ] dip r ] dip s"
     }
 } ;
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ HELP: no-case
 { $error-description "Thrown by " { $link case } " if the object at the top of the stack does not match any case, and no default case is given." } ;
 
 HELP: recursive-hashcode
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "obj" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( n obj -- code )" } } { "code" integer } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( n obj -- code )" } } { "code" integer } }
 { $description "A combinator used to implement methods for the " { $link hashcode* } " generic word. If " { $snippet "n" } " is less than or equal to zero, outputs 0, otherwise calls the quotation." } ;
 
 HELP: cond>quot
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ $nl
 } } ;
 
 HELP: distribute-buckets
-{ $values { "alist" "an alist" } { "initial" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- assoc )" } } { "buckets" "a new array" } }
+{ $values { "alist" "an alist" } { "initial" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- assoc )" } } { "buckets" "a new array" } }
 { $description "Sorts the entries of " { $snippet "assoc" } " into buckets, using the quotation to yield a set of keys for each entry. The hashcode of each key is computed, and the entry is placed in all corresponding buckets. Each bucket is initially cloned from " { $snippet "initial" } "; this should either be an empty vector or a one-element vector containing a pair." }
 { $notes "This word is used in the implemention of " { $link hash-case-quot } " and " { $link standard-combination } "." } ;
 
diff --git a/core/combinators/combinators.factor b/core/combinators/combinators.factor
index 577dd153a1..68eef23691 100644
--- a/core/combinators/combinators.factor
+++ b/core/combinators/combinators.factor
@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ IN: combinators
 
 ! spread
 : spread>quot ( seq -- quot )
-    [ ] [
-        [ dup empty? [ [ >r ] swap [ r> ] 3append ] unless ] dip
-        append
-    ] reduce ;
+    [ ] [ [ dup empty? [ [ dip ] curry ] unless ] dip append ] reduce ;
 
 : spread ( objs... seq -- )
     spread>quot call ;
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ ERROR: no-cond ;
     [ rot \ if 3array append [ ] like ] assoc-each ;
 
 : cond>quot ( assoc -- quot )
-    [ dup callable? [ [ t ] swap 2array ] when ] map
+    [ dup pair? [ [ t ] swap 2array ] unless ] map
     reverse [ no-cond ] swap alist>quot ;
 
 ! case
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ ERROR: no-case ;
         drop [ swap adjoin ] curry each
     ] [
         [
-            >r 2dup r> hashcode pick length rem rot nth adjoin
+            [ 2dup ] dip hashcode pick length rem rot nth adjoin
         ] each 2drop
     ] if ;
 
@@ -91,13 +88,13 @@ ERROR: no-case ;
     next-power-of-2 swap [ nip clone ] curry map ;
 
 : distribute-buckets ( alist initial quot -- buckets )
-    swapd [ >r dup first r> call 2array ] curry map
+    swapd [ [ dup first ] dip call 2array ] curry map
     [ length <buckets> dup ] keep
     [ first2 (distribute-buckets) ] with each ; inline
 
 : hash-case-table ( default assoc -- array )
     V{ } [ 1array ] distribute-buckets
-    [ [ >r literalize r> ] assoc-map linear-case-quot ] with map ;
+    [ [ [ literalize ] dip ] assoc-map linear-case-quot ] with map ;
 
 : hash-dispatch-quot ( table -- quot )
     [ length 1- [ fixnum-bitand ] curry ] keep
@@ -133,20 +130,20 @@ ERROR: no-case ;
         { [ dup [ length 4 <= ] [ [ word? ] contains? ] bi or ] [ drop linear-case-quot ] }
         { [ dup contiguous-range? ] [ drop dispatch-case-quot ] }
         { [ dup [ wrapper? ] contains? not ] [ drop hash-case-quot ] }
-        { [ dup [ wrapper? ] all? ] [ drop [ >r wrapped>> r> ] assoc-map hash-case-quot ] }
+        { [ dup [ wrapper? ] all? ] [ drop [ [ wrapped>> ] dip ] assoc-map hash-case-quot ] }
         [ drop linear-case-quot ]
     } cond ;
 
 ! assert-depth
 : trim-datastacks ( seq1 seq2 -- seq1' seq2' )
-    2dup [ length ] bi@ min tuck tail >r tail r> ;
+    2dup [ length ] bi@ min tuck [ tail ] 2bi@ ;
 
 ERROR: relative-underflow stack ;
 
 ERROR: relative-overflow stack ;
 
 : assert-depth ( quot -- )
-    >r datastack r> dip >r datastack r>
+    [ datastack ] dip dip [ datastack ] dip
     2dup [ length ] compare {
         { +lt+ [ trim-datastacks nip relative-underflow ] }
         { +eq+ [ 2drop ] }
@@ -167,6 +164,6 @@ M: slice hashcode* [ sequence-hashcode ] recursive-hashcode ;
 
 M: hashtable hashcode*
     [
-        dup assoc-size 1 number=
+        dup assoc-size 1 eq?
         [ assoc-hashcode ] [ nip assoc-size ] if
     ] recursive-hashcode ;
diff --git a/core/compiler/errors/errors-docs.factor b/core/compiler/errors/errors-docs.factor
index d86587662b..cb896dbf53 100644
--- a/core/compiler/errors/errors-docs.factor
+++ b/core/compiler/errors/errors-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 IN: compiler.errors
 USING: help.markup help.syntax vocabs.loader words io
-quotations compiler.errors.private ;
+quotations ;
 
 ARTICLE: "compiler-errors" "Compiler warnings and errors"
 "The compiler saves various notifications in a global variable:"
diff --git a/core/compiler/errors/errors.factor b/core/compiler/errors/errors.factor
index 7a28c1fb99..1ea497c3fc 100644
--- a/core/compiler/errors/errors.factor
+++ b/core/compiler/errors/errors.factor
@@ -14,15 +14,13 @@ M: object compiler-error-type drop +error+ ;
 
 GENERIC# compiler-error. 1 ( error word -- )
 
-<PRIVATE
-
 SYMBOL: compiler-errors
 
 SYMBOL: with-compiler-errors?
 
 : errors-of-type ( type -- assoc )
     compiler-errors get-global
-    swap [ >r nip compiler-error-type r> eq? ] curry
+    swap [ [ nip compiler-error-type ] dip eq? ] curry
     assoc-filter ;
 
 : compiler-errors. ( type -- )
@@ -47,8 +45,6 @@ SYMBOL: with-compiler-errors?
     "semantic warnings" +warning+ "warnings" (compiler-report)
     "linkage errors" +linkage+ "linkage" (compiler-report) ;
 
-PRIVATE>
-
 : :errors ( -- ) +error+ compiler-errors. ;
 
 : :warnings ( -- ) +warning+ compiler-errors. ;
diff --git a/core/continuations/continuations-docs.factor b/core/continuations/continuations-docs.factor
index f5ebc2a338..7a22306c50 100644
--- a/core/continuations/continuations-docs.factor
+++ b/core/continuations/continuations-docs.factor
@@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ HELP: >continuation<
 { $description "Takes a continuation apart into its constituents." } ;
 
 HELP: ifcc
-{ $values { "capture" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( continuation -- )" } } { "restore" quotation } }
+{ $values { "capture" { $quotation "( continuation -- )" } } { "restore" quotation } }
 { $description "Reifies a continuation from the point immediately after which this word returns, and passes it to " { $snippet "capture" } ". When the continuation is restored, execution resumes and "{ $snippet "restore" } " is called." } ;
 
 { callcc0 continue callcc1 continue-with ifcc } related-words
 
 HELP: callcc0
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( continuation -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( continuation -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the current continuation, which is reified from the point immediately after which the caller returns. The " { $link continue } " word resumes the continuation." } ;
 
 HELP: callcc1
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( continuation -- )" } } { "obj" "an object provided when resuming the continuation" } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( continuation -- )" } } { "obj" "an object provided when resuming the continuation" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the current continuation, which is reified from the point immediately after which the caller returns. The " { $link continue-with } " word resumes the continuation, passing a value back to the original execution context." } ;
 
 HELP: continue
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ HELP: cleanup
 { $description "Calls the " { $snippet "try" } " quotation. If no error is thrown, calls " { $snippet "cleanup-always" } " without restoring the data stack. If an error is thrown, restores the data stack, calls " { $snippet "cleanup-always" } " followed by " { $snippet "cleanup-error" } ", and rethrows the error." } ;
 
 HELP: recover
-{ $values { "try" quotation } { "recovery" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( error -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "try" quotation } { "recovery" { $quotation "( error -- )" } } }
 { $description "Calls the " { $snippet "try" } " quotation. If an exception is thrown in the dynamic extent of the " { $snippet "try" } " quotation, restores the data stack and calls the " { $snippet "recovery" } " quotation to handle the error." } ;
 
 HELP: ignore-errors
diff --git a/core/continuations/continuations.factor b/core/continuations/continuations.factor
index 6dde851963..af8cda37c6 100644
--- a/core/continuations/continuations.factor
+++ b/core/continuations/continuations.factor
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ C: <continuation> continuation
     #! ( value f r:capture r:restore )
     #! Execution begins right after the call to 'continuation'.
     #! The 'restore' branch is taken.
-    >r >r dummy-1 continuation r> r> [ dummy-2 ] prepose ?if ; inline
+    [ dummy-1 continuation ] 2dip [ dummy-2 ] prepose ?if ; inline
 
 : callcc0 ( quot -- ) [ drop ] ifcc ; inline
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ C: <continuation> continuation
     set-catchstack
     set-namestack
     set-retainstack
-    >r set-datastack r>
+    [ set-datastack ] dip
     set-callstack ;
 
 : (continue-with) ( obj continuation -- )
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ C: <continuation> continuation
     set-catchstack
     set-namestack
     set-retainstack
-    >r set-datastack drop 4 getenv f 4 setenv f r>
+    [ set-datastack drop 4 getenv f 4 setenv f ] dip
     set-callstack ;
 
 PRIVATE>
@@ -135,14 +135,13 @@ SYMBOL: thread-error-hook
     c> continue-with ;
 
 : recover ( try recovery -- )
-    >r [ swap >c call c> drop ] curry r> ifcc ; inline
+    [ [ swap >c call c> drop ] curry ] dip ifcc ; inline
 
 : ignore-errors ( quot -- )
     [ drop ] recover ; inline
 
 : cleanup ( try cleanup-always cleanup-error -- )
-    over >r compose [ dip rethrow ] curry
-    recover r> call ; inline
+    [ compose [ dip rethrow ] curry recover ] [ drop ] 2bi call ; inline
 
 ERROR: attempt-all-error ;
 
diff --git a/core/destructors/destructors-docs.factor b/core/destructors/destructors-docs.factor
index c82f92dc10..0b6ca15f31 100644
--- a/core/destructors/destructors-docs.factor
+++ b/core/destructors/destructors-docs.factor
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ HELP: dispose*
 } ;
 
 HELP: with-disposal
-{ $values { "object" "a disposable object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( object -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "object" "a disposable object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( object -- )" } } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation, disposing the object with " { $link dispose } " after the quotation returns or if it throws an error." } ;
 
 HELP: with-destructors
diff --git a/core/effects/effects-docs.factor b/core/effects/effects-docs.factor
index f9c18e410d..b209dcf259 100644
--- a/core/effects/effects-docs.factor
+++ b/core/effects/effects-docs.factor
@@ -68,5 +68,5 @@ HELP: effect>string
 } ;
 
 HELP: stack-effect
-{ $values { "word" word } { "effect/f" "an " { $link effect } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "word" word } { "effect/f" { $maybe effect } } }
 { $description "Outputs the stack effect of a word; either a stack effect declared with " { $link POSTPONE: ( } ", or an inferred stack effect (see " { $link "inference" } "." } ;
diff --git a/core/generic/generic-docs.factor b/core/generic/generic-docs.factor
index becd855653..429e272647 100644
--- a/core/generic/generic-docs.factor
+++ b/core/generic/generic-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: help.markup help.syntax words classes classes.algebra
 definitions kernel alien sequences math quotations
-generic.standard generic.math combinators ;
+generic.standard generic.math combinators prettyprint ;
 IN: generic
 
 ARTICLE: "method-order" "Method precedence"
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ $nl
 "Low-level method constructor:"
 { $subsection <method> }
 "A " { $emphasis "method specifier" } " refers to a method and implements the " { $link "definition-protocol" } ":"
-{ $subsection method-spec } ;
+{ $subsection method-spec }
+{ $see-also see see-methods } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "method-combination" "Custom method combination"
 "Abstractly, a generic word can be thought of as a big chain of type conditional tests applied to the top of the stack, with methods as the bodies of each test. The " { $emphasis "method combination" } " is this control flow glue between the set of methods, and several aspects of it can be customized:"
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ HELP: method-body
 { $class-description "The class of method bodies, which are words with special word properties set." } ;
 
 HELP: method
-{ $values { "class" class } { "generic" generic } { "method/f" "a " { $link method-body } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "class" class } { "generic" generic } { "method/f" { $maybe method-body } } }
 { $description "Looks up a method definition." } ;
 
 { method create-method POSTPONE: M: } related-words
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ HELP: check-method
 { $error-description "Thrown if " { $link POSTPONE: M: } " or " { $link create-method } " is given an invalid class or generic word." } ;
 
 HELP: with-methods
-{ $values { "class" class } { "generic" generic } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( methods -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "class" class } { "generic" generic } { "quot" { $quotation "( methods -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to the generic word's methods hashtable, and regenerates the generic word's definition when the quotation returns." }
 $low-level-note ;
 
@@ -161,6 +162,22 @@ HELP: forget-methods
 { sort-classes order } related-words
 
 HELP: (call-next-method)
-{ $values { "class" class } { "generic" generic } }
+{ $values { "method" method-body } }
 { $description "Low-level word implementing " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } "." }
 { $notes "In most cases, " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } " should be used instead." } ;
+
+HELP: no-next-method
+{ $error-description "Thrown by " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } " if the current method is already the least specific method." }
+{ $examples
+    "The following code throws this error:"
+    { $code
+        "GENERIC: error-test ( object -- )"
+        ""
+        "M: number error-test 3 + call-next-method ;"
+        ""
+        "M: integer error-test recip call-next-method ;"
+        ""
+        "123 error-test"
+    }
+    "This results in the method on " { $link integer } " being called, which then calls the method on " { $link number } ". The latter then calls " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } ", however there is no method less specific than the method on " { $link number } " and so an error is thrown."
+} ;
diff --git a/core/generic/generic.factor b/core/generic/generic.factor
index cb5f9f3791..0cd5a35623 100644
--- a/core/generic/generic.factor
+++ b/core/generic/generic.factor
@@ -49,13 +49,19 @@ GENERIC: effective-method ( generic -- method )
 
 GENERIC: next-method-quot* ( class generic combination -- quot )
 
-: next-method-quot ( class generic -- quot )
+: next-method-quot ( method -- quot )
     next-method-quot-cache get [
-        dup "combination" word-prop next-method-quot*
-    ] 2cache ;
+        [ "method-class" word-prop ]
+        [
+            "method-generic" word-prop
+            dup "combination" word-prop
+        ] bi next-method-quot*
+    ] cache ;
 
-: (call-next-method) ( class generic -- )
-    next-method-quot call ;
+ERROR: no-next-method method ;
+
+: (call-next-method) ( method -- )
+    dup next-method-quot [ call ] [ no-next-method ] ?if ;
 
 TUPLE: check-method class generic ;
 
@@ -76,9 +82,6 @@ TUPLE: check-method class generic ;
 PREDICATE: method-body < word
     "method-generic" word-prop >boolean ;
 
-M: method-body inline?
-    "method-generic" word-prop inline? ;
-
 M: method-body stack-effect
     "method-generic" word-prop stack-effect ;
 
diff --git a/core/generic/math/math-docs.factor b/core/generic/math/math-docs.factor
index b0201f3248..4323f91bc3 100644
--- a/core/generic/math/math-docs.factor
+++ b/core/generic/math/math-docs.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ sequences quotations ;
 IN: generic.math
 
 HELP: math-upgrade
-{ $values { "class1" class } { "class2" class } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( n n -- n n )" } } }
+{ $values { "class1" class } { "class2" class } { "quot" { $quotation "( n n -- n n )" } } }
 { $description "Outputs a quotation for upgrading numberical types. It takes two numbers on the stack, an instance of " { $snippet "class1" } ", and an instance of " { $snippet "class2" } ", and converts the one with the lower priority to the higher priority type." }
 { $examples { $example "USING: generic.math math kernel prettyprint ;" "fixnum bignum math-upgrade ." "[ [ >bignum ] dip ]" } } ;
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ HELP: no-math-method
 HELP: math-method
 { $values { "word" generic } { "class1" class } { "class2" class } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Generates a definition for " { $snippet "word" } " when the two inputs are instances of " { $snippet "class1" } " and " { $snippet "class2" } ", respectively." }
-{ $examples { $example "USING: generic.math math prettyprint ;" "\\ + fixnum float math-method ." "[ [ >float ] dip float=>+ ]" } } ;
+{ $examples { $example "USING: generic.math math prettyprint ;" "\\ + fixnum float math-method ." "[ { fixnum float } declare [ >float ] dip float=>+ ]" } } ;
 
 HELP: math-class
 { $class-description "The class of subtypes of " { $link number } " which are not " { $link null } "." } ;
diff --git a/core/generic/math/math.factor b/core/generic/math/math.factor
index 077795c4b7..0acbdac8f8 100644
--- a/core/generic/math/math.factor
+++ b/core/generic/math/math.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: arrays generic hashtables kernel kernel.private math
 namespaces make sequences words quotations layouts combinators
 sequences.private classes classes.builtin classes.algebra
-definitions math.order ;
+definitions math.order math.private ;
 IN: generic.math
 
 PREDICATE: math-class < class
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ PREDICATE: math-class < class
 
 : math-upgrade ( class1 class2 -- quot )
     [ math-class-max ] 2keep
-    >r over r> (math-upgrade) >r (math-upgrade)
-    dup empty? [ [ dip ] curry [ ] like ] unless
-    r> append ;
+    [ over ] dip (math-upgrade) [
+        (math-upgrade)
+        dup empty? [ [ dip ] curry [ ] like ] unless
+    ] dip append ;
 
 ERROR: no-math-method left right generic ;
 
@@ -55,19 +56,21 @@ ERROR: no-math-method left right generic ;
 
 : math-method ( word class1 class2 -- quot )
     2dup and [
-        2dup math-upgrade >r
-        math-class-max over order min-class applicable-method
-        r> prepend
+        [
+            2dup 2array , \ declare ,
+            2dup math-upgrade %
+            math-class-max over order min-class applicable-method %
+        ] [ ] make
     ] [
         2drop object-method
     ] if ;
 
+SYMBOL: picker
+
 : math-vtable ( picker quot -- quot )
     [
-        >r
-        , \ tag ,
-        num-tags get [ bootstrap-type>class ]
-        r> compose map ,
+        [ , \ tag , ]
+        [ num-tags get swap [ bootstrap-type>class ] prepose map , ] bi*
         \ dispatch ,
     ] [ ] make ; inline
 
@@ -79,14 +82,18 @@ M: math-combination make-default-method
 M: math-combination perform-combination
     drop
     dup
-    \ over [
-        dup math-class? [
-            \ dup [ >r 2dup r> math-method ] math-vtable
-        ] [
-            over object-method
-        ] if nip
-    ] math-vtable nip
-    define ;
+    [
+        \ both-fixnums? ,
+        dup fixnum bootstrap-word dup math-method ,
+        \ over [
+            dup math-class? [
+                \ dup [ [ 2dup ] dip math-method ] math-vtable
+            ] [
+                over object-method
+            ] if nip
+        ] math-vtable nip ,
+        \ if ,
+    ] [ ] make define ;
 
 PREDICATE: math-generic < generic ( word -- ? )
     "combination" word-prop math-combination? ;
diff --git a/core/generic/parser/parser.factor b/core/generic/parser/parser.factor
index 7380399b5c..0852459c34 100644
--- a/core/generic/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/core/generic/parser/parser.factor
@@ -13,17 +13,10 @@ ERROR: not-in-a-method-error ;
 : CREATE-METHOD ( -- method )
     scan-word bootstrap-word scan-word create-method-in ;
 
-SYMBOL: current-class
-SYMBOL: current-generic
+SYMBOL: current-method
 
-: with-method-definition ( quot -- parsed )
-    [
-        [
-            [ "method-class" word-prop current-class set ]
-            [ "method-generic" word-prop current-generic set ]
-            [ ] tri
-        ] dip call
-    ] with-scope ; inline
+: with-method-definition ( method quot -- )
+    over current-method set call current-method off ; inline
 
 : (M:) ( method def -- )
     CREATE-METHOD [ parse-definition ] with-method-definition ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/engines/engines.factor b/core/generic/standard/engines/engines.factor
index 6a5e8d1bb0..b6cb9fc9f7 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/engines/engines.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/engines/engines.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ GENERIC: engine>quot ( engine -- quot )
     [ over assumed [ engine>quot ] with-variable ] assoc-map ;
 
 : if-small? ( assoc true false -- )
-    >r >r dup assoc-size 4 <= r> r> if ; inline
+    [ dup assoc-size 4 <= ] 2dip if ; inline
 
 : linear-dispatch-quot ( alist -- quot )
     default get [ drop ] prepend swap
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ GENERIC: engine>quot ( engine -- quot )
         { 0 [ [ dup ] ] }
         { 1 [ [ over ] ] }
         { 2 [ [ pick ] ] }
-        [ 1- (picker) [ >r ] swap [ r> swap ] 3append ]
+        [ 1- (picker) [ dip swap ] curry ]
     } case ;
 
 : picker ( -- quot ) \ (dispatch#) get (picker) ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/engines/predicate/predicate.factor b/core/generic/standard/engines/predicate/predicate.factor
index 8846c9eee7..152b112c2a 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/engines/predicate/predicate.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/engines/predicate/predicate.factor
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ TUPLE: predicate-dispatch-engine methods ;
 C: <predicate-dispatch-engine> predicate-dispatch-engine
 
 : class-predicates ( assoc -- assoc )
-    [ >r "predicate" word-prop picker prepend r> ] assoc-map ;
+    [ [ "predicate" word-prop picker prepend ] dip ] assoc-map ;
 
 : keep-going? ( assoc -- ? )
     assumed get swap second first class<= ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/engines/tag/tag.factor b/core/generic/standard/engines/tag/tag.factor
index 87e2f1c9b1..dbdc6e0742 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/engines/tag/tag.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/engines/tag/tag.factor
@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ C: <lo-tag-dispatch-engine> lo-tag-dispatch-engine
         "type" word-prop
     ] if ;
 
+: sort-tags ( assoc -- alist ) >alist sort-keys reverse ;
+
 M: lo-tag-dispatch-engine engine>quot
     methods>> engines>quots*
-    [ >r lo-tag-number r> ] assoc-map
+    [ [ lo-tag-number ] dip ] assoc-map
     [
         picker % [ tag ] % [
-            >alist sort-keys reverse
-            linear-dispatch-quot
+            sort-tags linear-dispatch-quot
         ] [
             num-tags get direct-dispatch-quot
         ] if-small? %
@@ -51,13 +52,14 @@ C: <hi-tag-dispatch-engine> hi-tag-dispatch-engine
     \ hi-tag def>> ;
 
 M: hi-tag-dispatch-engine engine>quot
-    methods>> engines>quots* [ >r hi-tag-number r> ] assoc-map
+    methods>> engines>quots*
+    [ [ hi-tag-number ] dip ] assoc-map
     [
         picker % hi-tag-quot % [
-            linear-dispatch-quot
+            sort-tags linear-dispatch-quot
         ] [
             num-tags get , \ fixnum-fast ,
-            [ >r num-tags get - r> ] assoc-map
+            [ [ num-tags get - ] dip ] assoc-map
             num-hi-tags direct-dispatch-quot
         ] if-small? %
     ] [ ] make ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/engines/tuple/tuple.factor b/core/generic/standard/engines/tuple/tuple.factor
index 04368099fb..78a97547fd 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/engines/tuple/tuple.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/engines/tuple/tuple.factor
@@ -79,9 +79,6 @@ M: engine-word stack-effect
     [ extra-values ] [ stack-effect ] bi
     dup [ clone [ length + ] change-in ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
-M: engine-word inline?
-    "tuple-dispatch-generic" word-prop inline? ;
-
 M: engine-word crossref? "forgotten" word-prop not ;
 
 M: engine-word irrelevant? drop t ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/standard-docs.factor b/core/generic/standard/standard-docs.factor
index 15913b46be..ec2e78c48d 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/standard-docs.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/standard-docs.factor
@@ -33,22 +33,6 @@ HELP: define-simple-generic
 
 { standard-combination hook-combination } related-words
 
-HELP: no-next-method
-{ $error-description "Thrown by " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } " if the current method is already the least specific method." }
-{ $examples
-    "The following code throws this error:"
-    { $code
-        "GENERIC: error-test ( object -- )"
-        ""
-        "M: number error-test 3 + call-next-method ;"
-        ""
-        "M: integer error-test recip call-next-method ;"
-        ""
-        "123 error-test"
-    }
-    "This results in the method on " { $link integer } " being called, which then calls the method on " { $link number } ". The latter then calls " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } ", however there is no method less specific than the method on " { $link number } " and so an error is thrown."
-} ;
-
 HELP: inconsistent-next-method
 { $error-description "Thrown by " { $link POSTPONE: call-next-method } " if the values on the stack are not compatible with the current method." }
 { $examples
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/standard-tests.factor b/core/generic/standard/standard-tests.factor
index f6635276b3..f5f8f85376 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/standard-tests.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/standard-tests.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 IN: generic.standard.tests
 USING: tools.test math math.functions math.constants
-generic.standard strings sequences arrays kernel accessors
-words float-arrays byte-arrays bit-arrays parser namespaces make
-quotations stack-checker vectors growable hashtables sbufs
-prettyprint byte-vectors bit-vectors float-vectors definitions
-generic sets graphs assocs ;
+generic.standard strings sequences arrays kernel accessors words
+specialized-arrays.double byte-arrays bit-arrays parser
+namespaces make quotations stack-checker vectors growable
+hashtables sbufs prettyprint byte-vectors bit-vectors
+specialized-vectors.double definitions generic sets graphs assocs ;
 
 GENERIC: lo-tag-test ( obj -- obj' )
 
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ M: circle big-mix-test drop "circle" ;
 [ "integer" ] [ 3 big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "float" ] [ 5.0 big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "complex" ] [ -1 sqrt big-mix-test ] unit-test
-[ "sequence" ] [ F{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
+[ "sequence" ] [ double-array{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ B{ 1 2 3 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ ?{ t f t } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ SBUF" hello world" big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ V{ "a" "b" } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ BV{ 1 2 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "sequence" ] [ ?V{ t t f f } big-mix-test ] unit-test
-[ "sequence" ] [ FV{ -0.3 4.6 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
+[ "sequence" ] [ double-vector{ -0.3 4.6 } big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "string" ] [ "hello" big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "rectangle" ] [ 1 2 <rectangle> big-mix-test ] unit-test
 [ "parallelogram" ] [ 10 4 3 <parallelogram> big-mix-test ] unit-test
@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@ M: string small-lo-tag drop "string" ;
 
 M: array small-lo-tag drop "array" ;
 
-M: float-array small-lo-tag drop "float-array" ;
+M: double-array small-lo-tag drop "double-array" ;
 
 M: byte-array small-lo-tag drop "byte-array" ;
 
 [ "fixnum" ] [ 3 small-lo-tag ] unit-test
 
-[ "float-array" ] [ F{ 1.0 } small-lo-tag ] unit-test
+[ "double-array" ] [ double-array{ 1.0 } small-lo-tag ] unit-test
 
 ! Testing next-method
 TUPLE: person ;
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ M: ceo salary
 [ T{ inconsistent-next-method f ceo salary } = ] must-fail-with
 
 [ intern boa salary ]
-[ T{ no-next-method f intern salary } = ] must-fail-with
+[ no-next-method? ] must-fail-with
 
 ! Weird shit
 TUPLE: a ;
diff --git a/core/generic/standard/standard.factor b/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
index 284a58836f..300bd44fb4 100644
--- a/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
+++ b/core/generic/standard/standard.factor
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ ERROR: no-method object generic ;
     ] change-at ;
 
 : flatten-method ( class method assoc -- )
-    >r >r dup flatten-class keys swap r> r> [
-        >r spin r> push-method
+    [ dup flatten-class keys swap ] 2dip [
+        [ spin ] dip push-method
     ] 3curry each ;
 
 : flatten-methods ( assoc -- assoc' )
@@ -79,20 +79,15 @@ ERROR: no-method object generic ;
 
 ERROR: inconsistent-next-method class generic ;
 
-ERROR: no-next-method class generic ;
-
-: single-next-method-quot ( class generic -- quot )
-    [
-        [ drop "predicate" word-prop % ]
+: single-next-method-quot ( class generic -- quot/f )
+    2dup next-method dup [
         [
-            2dup next-method
-            [ 2nip 1quotation ]
-            [ [ no-next-method ] 2curry [ ] like ] if* ,
-        ]
-        [ [ inconsistent-next-method ] 2curry , ]
-        2tri
-        \ if ,
-    ] [ ] make ;
+            pick "predicate" word-prop %
+            1quotation ,
+            [ inconsistent-next-method ] 2curry ,
+            \ if ,
+        ] [ ] make
+    ] [ 3drop f ] if ;
 
 : single-effective-method ( obj word -- method )
     [ [ order [ instance? ] with find-last nip ] keep method ]
@@ -113,7 +108,7 @@ PREDICATE: simple-generic < standard-generic
     T{ standard-combination f 0 } define-generic ;
 
 : with-standard ( combination quot -- quot' )
-    >r #>> (dispatch#) r> with-variable ; inline
+    [ #>> (dispatch#) ] dip with-variable ; inline
 
 M: standard-generic extra-values drop 0 ;
 
@@ -130,7 +125,8 @@ M: standard-combination method-declaration
 
 M: standard-combination next-method-quot*
     [
-        single-next-method-quot picker prepend
+        single-next-method-quot
+        dup [ picker prepend ] when
     ] with-standard ;
 
 M: standard-generic effective-method
@@ -145,9 +141,12 @@ PREDICATE: hook-generic < generic
 
 : with-hook ( combination quot -- quot' )
     0 (dispatch#) [
-        dip var>> [ get ] curry prepend
+        [ hook-combination ] dip with-variable
     ] with-variable ; inline
 
+: prepend-hook-var ( quot -- quot' )
+    hook-combination get var>> [ get ] curry prepend ;
+
 M: hook-combination dispatch# drop 0 ;
 
 M: hook-combination method-declaration 2drop [ ] ;
@@ -159,13 +158,18 @@ M: hook-generic effective-method
     single-effective-method ;
 
 M: hook-combination make-default-method
-    [ error-method ] with-hook ;
+    [ error-method prepend-hook-var ] with-hook ;
 
 M: hook-combination perform-combination
-    [ drop ] [ [ single-combination ] with-hook ] 2bi define ;
+    [ drop ] [
+        [ single-combination prepend-hook-var ] with-hook
+    ] 2bi define ;
 
 M: hook-combination next-method-quot*
-    [ single-next-method-quot ] with-hook ;
+    [
+        single-next-method-quot
+        dup [ prepend-hook-var ] when
+    ] with-hook ;
 
 M: simple-generic definer drop \ GENERIC: f ;
 
diff --git a/core/growable/growable.factor b/core/growable/growable.factor
index 336f1da91a..3c487af0a5 100644
--- a/core/growable/growable.factor
+++ b/core/growable/growable.factor
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ M: growable set-length ( n seq -- )
     growable-check
     2dup length >= [
         2dup capacity >= [ over new-size over expand ] when
-        >r >fixnum r>
+        [ >fixnum ] dip
         over 1 fixnum+fast over (>>length)
     ] [
-        >r >fixnum r>
+        [ >fixnum ] dip
     ] if ; inline
 
 M: growable set-nth ensure set-nth-unsafe ;
diff --git a/core/hashtables/hashtables-tests.factor b/core/hashtables/hashtables-tests.factor
index a59c649598..0e6deb7746 100644
--- a/core/hashtables/hashtables-tests.factor
+++ b/core/hashtables/hashtables-tests.factor
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ H{ } "x" set
 
 [ H{ { -1 4 } { -3 16 } { -5 36 } } ] [
     H{ { 1 2 } { 3 4 } { 5 6 } }
-    [ >r neg r> sq ] assoc-map
+    [ [ neg ] dip sq ] assoc-map
 ] unit-test
 
 ! Bug discovered by littledan
diff --git a/core/hashtables/hashtables.factor b/core/hashtables/hashtables.factor
index 32fda7d2fb..474cf4c9d6 100644
--- a/core/hashtables/hashtables.factor
+++ b/core/hashtables/hashtables.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays kernel kernel.private slots.private math
-assocs math.private sequences sequences.private vectors grouping ;
+assocs math.private sequences sequences.private vectors ;
 IN: hashtables
 
 TUPLE: hashtable
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ TUPLE: hashtable
     length>> 1 fixnum-fast fixnum-bitand ; inline
 
 : hash@ ( key array -- i )
-    >r hashcode >fixnum dup fixnum+fast r> wrap ; inline
+    [ hashcode >fixnum dup fixnum+fast ] dip wrap ; inline
 
 : probe ( array i -- array i )
     2 fixnum+fast over wrap ; inline
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ M: hashtable clear-assoc ( hash -- )
 
 M: hashtable delete-at ( key hash -- )
     tuck key@ [
-        >r >r ((tombstone)) dup r> r> set-nth-pair
+        [ ((tombstone)) dup ] 2dip set-nth-pair
         hash-deleted+
     ] [
         3drop
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ M: hashtable assoc-size ( hash -- n )
     [ count>> ] [ deleted>> ] bi - ;
 
 : rehash ( hash -- )
-    dup >alist >r
+    dup >alist [
     dup clear-assoc
-    r> (rehash) ;
+    ] dip (rehash) ;
 
 M: hashtable set-at ( value key hash -- )
     dup ?grow-hash
@@ -128,15 +128,33 @@ M: hashtable set-at ( value key hash -- )
 : associate ( value key -- hash )
     2 <hashtable> [ set-at ] keep ;
 
+<PRIVATE
+
+: push-unsafe ( elt seq -- )
+    [ length ] keep
+    [ underlying>> set-array-nth ]
+    [ [ 1+ ] dip (>>length) ]
+    2bi ; inline
+
+PRIVATE>
+
 M: hashtable >alist
-    array>> 2 <groups> [ first tombstone? not ] filter ;
+    [ array>> [ length 2/ ] keep ] [ assoc-size <vector> ] bi [
+        [
+            [
+                [ 1 fixnum-shift-fast ] dip
+                [ array-nth ] [ [ 1 fixnum+fast ] dip array-nth ] 2bi
+            ] dip
+            pick tombstone? [ 3drop ] [ [ 2array ] dip push-unsafe ] if
+        ] 2curry each
+    ] keep { } like ;
 
 M: hashtable clone
     (clone) [ clone ] change-array ;
 
 M: hashtable equal?
     over hashtable? [
-        2dup [ assoc-size ] bi@ number=
+        2dup [ assoc-size ] bi@ eq?
         [ assoc= ] [ 2drop f ] if
     ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
diff --git a/core/io/backend/backend-docs.factor b/core/io/backend/backend-docs.factor
index 48b49ed32b..e129a9b0bc 100644
--- a/core/io/backend/backend-docs.factor
+++ b/core/io/backend/backend-docs.factor
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax io io.backend strings
 byte-arrays ;
 
 HELP: io-multiplex
-{ $values { "ms" "a non-negative integer" } }
-{ $contract "Waits up to " { $snippet "ms" } " milliseconds for pending I/O requests to complete." } ;
+{ $values { "us" "a non-negative integer" } }
+{ $contract "Waits up to " { $snippet "us" } " microseconds for pending I/O requests to complete." } ;
 
 HELP: init-io
 { $contract "Initializes the I/O system. Called on startup." } ;
diff --git a/core/io/backend/backend.factor b/core/io/backend/backend.factor
index 0c13277106..5456f2251c 100644
--- a/core/io/backend/backend.factor
+++ b/core/io/backend/backend.factor
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SYMBOL: io-backend
 
 SINGLETON: c-io-backend
 
-c-io-backend io-backend set-global
+io-backend global [ c-io-backend or ] change-at
 
 HOOK: init-io io-backend ( -- )
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ HOOK: (init-stdio) io-backend ( -- stdin stdout stderr )
     [ utf8 <encoder> output-stream set-global ]
     [ utf8 <encoder> error-stream set-global ] tri* ;
 
-HOOK: io-multiplex io-backend ( ms -- )
+HOOK: io-multiplex io-backend ( us -- )
 
 HOOK: normalize-directory io-backend ( str -- newstr )
 
diff --git a/core/io/encodings/encodings-docs.factor b/core/io/encodings/encodings-docs.factor
index 92471acb5d..b893e7f717 100644
--- a/core/io/encodings/encodings-docs.factor
+++ b/core/io/encodings/encodings-docs.factor
@@ -1,19 +1,6 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io quotations ;
 IN: io.encodings
 
-ABOUT: "io.encodings"
-
-ARTICLE: "io.encodings" "I/O encodings"
-"Bytes can't be understood in isolation as text. They must be interpreted under a certain encoding. Factor provides utilities for dealing with encoded text by declaring that a stream has a particular encoding, and utilities to encode and decode strings."
-{ $subsection "encodings-constructors" }
-{ $subsection "encodings-descriptors" }
-{ $subsection "encodings-protocol" } ;
-
-ARTICLE: "encodings-constructors" "Manually constructing an encoded stream"
-"The following words can be used to construct encoded streams. Note that they are usually not used directly, but rather by the stream constructors themselves. Most stream constructors take an encoding descriptor as a parameter and internally call these constructors."
-{ $subsection <encoder> }
-{ $subsection <decoder> } ;
-
 HELP: <encoder>
 { $values { "stream" "an output stream" }
     { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" }
@@ -28,8 +15,66 @@ HELP: <decoder>
 { $description "Wraps the given stream in a new stream using the given encoding for all input. The encoding descriptor can either be a class or an instance of something conforming to the " { $link "encodings-protocol" } "." }
 $low-level-note ;
 
+HELP: decode-char
+{ $values { "stream" "an underlying input stream" }
+    { "encoding" "An encoding descriptor tuple" } { "char/f" "a code point or " { $link f } } }
+{ $contract "Reads a single code point from the underlying stream, interpreting it by the encoding. Returns " { $link f } " if the stream is reached." }
+$low-level-note ;
+
+HELP: encode-char
+{ $values { "char" "a character" }
+    { "stream" "an underlying output stream" }
+    { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" } }
+{ $contract "Writes the code point to the underlying stream in the given encoding." }
+$low-level-note ;
+
+{ encode-char decode-char } related-words
+
+HELP: decode-input
+{ $values
+     { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" }
+}
+{ $description "Changes the encoding of the current input stream stored in the " { $link input-stream } " variable." } ;
+
+HELP: encode-output
+{ $values
+     { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" }
+}
+{ $description "Changes the encoding of the current output stream stored in the " { $link output-stream } " variable." } ;
+
+HELP: re-decode
+{ $values
+     { "stream" "a stream" } { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" }
+     { "newstream" "a new stream" }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new decoding stream with the supplied encoding descriptor from an existing stream by calling the " { $link <decoder> } " word." } ;
+
+HELP: re-encode
+{ $values
+     { "stream" "a stream" } { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" }
+     { "newstream" "a new stream" }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new encoding stream with the supplied encoding descriptor from an existing stream by calling the " { $link <encoder> } " word." } ;
+
+{ re-decode re-encode } related-words
+
+HELP: with-decoded-input
+{ $values
+     { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" } { "quot" quotation }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new decoding stream with the given encoding descriptor and calls the quotation with this stream set to the " { $link input-stream } " variable. The original decoder stream is restored after the quotation returns and the stream is kept open for future input operations." } ;
+
+HELP: with-encoded-output
+{ $values
+     { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" } { "quot" quotation }
+}
+{ $description "Creates a new encoder with the given encoding descriptor and calls the quotation using this encoder. The original encoder object is restored after the quotation returns and the stream is kept open for future output operations." } ;
+
+HELP: replacement-char
+{ $description "A code point that replaces input that could not be decoded. The presence of this character in the decoded data usually signifies an error." } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "encodings-descriptors" "Encoding descriptors"
-"An encoding descriptor is something which can be used for input or output streams to encode or decode files. It must conform to the " { $link "encodings-protocol" } ". Encodings which you can use are defined in the following vocabularies:"
+"An encoding descriptor is something which can be used for input or output streams to encode or decode bytes stored in a certain representation. It must conform to the " { $link "encodings-protocol" } ". Encodings which you can use are defined in the following vocabularies:"
 { $subsection "io.encodings.binary" }
 { $subsection "io.encodings.utf8" }
 { $subsection "io.encodings.utf16" }
@@ -48,17 +93,26 @@ ARTICLE: "encodings-protocol" "Encoding protocol"
 { $subsection encode-char }
 { $see-also "encodings-introduction" } ;
 
-HELP: decode-char
-{ $values { "stream" "an underlying input stream" }
-    { "encoding" "An encoding descriptor tuple" } { "char/f" "a code point or " { $link f } } }
-{ $contract "Reads a single code point from the underlying stream, interpreting it by the encoding." }
-$low-level-note ;
+ARTICLE: "encodings-constructors" "Manually constructing an encoded stream"
+"The following words can be used to construct encoded streams. Note that they are usually not used directly, but rather by the stream constructors themselves. Most stream constructors take an encoding descriptor as a parameter and call these constructors internally."
+{ $subsection <encoder> }
+{ $subsection <decoder> } ;
 
-HELP: encode-char
-{ $values { "char" "a character" }
-    { "stream" "an underlying output stream" }
-    { "encoding" "an encoding descriptor" } }
-{ $contract "Writes the code point in the encoding to the underlying stream given." }
-$low-level-note ;
+ARTICLE: "io.encodings" "I/O encodings"
+"The " { $vocab-link "io.encodings" } " vocabulary provides utilities for encoding and decoding bytes that represent text. Both strings and streams may be encoded."
+{ $subsection "encodings-descriptors" }
+{ $subsection "encodings-constructors" }
+{ $subsection "io.encodings.string" }
+"New types of encodings can be defined:"
+{ $subsection "encodings-protocol" }
+"Setting encodings on the current streams:"
+{ $subsection encode-output }
+{ $subsection decode-input }
+"Setting encodings on streams:"
+{ $subsection re-encode }
+{ $subsection re-decode }
+"Combinators to change the encoding:"
+{ $subsection with-encoded-output }
+{ $subsection with-decoded-input } ;
 
-{ encode-char decode-char } related-words
+ABOUT: "io.encodings"
diff --git a/core/io/encodings/encodings.factor b/core/io/encodings/encodings.factor
index 48a428d36e..d165ad3138 100644
--- a/core/io/encodings/encodings.factor
+++ b/core/io/encodings/encodings.factor
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ M: decoder stream-read-partial stream-read ;
 
 : ((read-until)) ( buf quot: ( -- char stop? ) -- string/f sep/f )
     dup call
-    [ >r drop "" like r> ]
+    [ [ drop "" like ] dip ]
     [ pick push ((read-until)) ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : (read-until) ( quot -- string/f sep/f )
diff --git a/core/io/files/files-docs.factor b/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
index 9a85688202..80b515b13f 100644
--- a/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
+++ b/core/io/files/files-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-USING: help.markup help.syntax io strings
-       io.backend io.files.private quotations ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax io strings arrays io.backend
+io.files.private quotations ;
 IN: io.files
 
 ARTICLE: "file-streams" "Reading and writing files"
@@ -323,6 +323,10 @@ HELP: with-directory-files
 { $values { "path" "a pathname string" } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation with the directory file names on the stack and with the directory set as the " { $link current-directory } ".  Restores the current directory after the quotation is called." } ;
 
+HELP: file-systems
+{ $values { "array" array } }
+{ $description "Returns an array of " { $link file-system-info } " objects returned by iterating the mount points and calling " { $link file-system-info } " on each." } ;
+
 HELP: file-system-info
 { $values
 { "path" "a pathname string" }
diff --git a/core/io/files/files-tests.factor b/core/io/files/files-tests.factor
index 3104fcdb55..4299634642 100644
--- a/core/io/files/files-tests.factor
+++ b/core/io/files/files-tests.factor
@@ -283,3 +283,6 @@ USE: debugger.threads
     [ "resource:core/bootstrap/stage2.factor" (normalize-path) ]
     unit-test
 ] with-scope
+
+[ t ] [ "/" file-system-info file-system-info? ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ file-systems [ file-system-info? ] all? ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/io/files/files.factor b/core/io/files/files.factor
index 9899f5a014..77b37180c6 100644
--- a/core/io/files/files.factor
+++ b/core/io/files/files.factor
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ HOOK: (file-appender) io-backend ( path -- stream )
     <file-reader> lines ;
 
 : with-file-reader ( path encoding quot -- )
-    >r <file-reader> r> with-input-stream ; inline
+    [ <file-reader> ] dip with-input-stream ; inline
 
 : file-contents ( path encoding -- str )
     <file-reader> contents ;
 
 : with-file-writer ( path encoding quot -- )
-    >r <file-writer> r> with-output-stream ; inline
+    [ <file-writer> ] dip with-output-stream ; inline
 
 : set-file-lines ( seq path encoding -- )
     [ [ print ] each ] with-file-writer ;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ HOOK: (file-appender) io-backend ( path -- stream )
     [ write ] with-file-writer ;
 
 : with-file-appender ( path encoding quot -- )
-    >r <file-appender> r> with-output-stream ; inline
+    [ <file-appender> ] dip with-output-stream ; inline
 
 ! Pathnames
 : path-separator? ( ch -- ? ) os windows? "/\\" "/" ? member? ;
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ PRIVATE>
         { [ dup head.? ] [ rest trim-left-separators append-path ] }
         { [ dup head..? ] [
             2 tail trim-left-separators
-            >r parent-directory r> append-path
+            [ parent-directory ] dip append-path
         ] }
         { [ over absolute-path? over first path-separator? and ] [
-            >r 2 head r> append
+            [ 2 head ] dip append
         ] }
         [
-            >r trim-right-separators "/" r>
+            [ trim-right-separators "/" ] dip
             trim-left-separators 3append
         ]
     } cond ;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     ] unless ;
 
 : file-extension ( filename -- extension )
-    "." last-split1 nip ;
+    "." split1-last nip ;
 
 ! File info
 TUPLE: file-info type size permissions created modified
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ HOOK: make-link io-backend ( target symlink -- )
 HOOK: read-link io-backend ( symlink -- path )
 
 : copy-link ( target symlink -- )
-    >r read-link r> make-link ;
+    [ read-link ] dip make-link ;
 
 SYMBOL: +regular-file+
 SYMBOL: +directory+
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ SYMBOL: +character-device+
 SYMBOL: +block-device+
 SYMBOL: +fifo+
 SYMBOL: +socket+
+SYMBOL: +whiteout+
 SYMBOL: +unknown+
 
 ! File metadata
@@ -184,7 +185,10 @@ SYMBOL: +unknown+
 
 ! File-system
 
-TUPLE: file-system-info device-name mount-point type free-space ;
+HOOK: file-systems os ( -- array )
+
+TUPLE: file-system-info device-name mount-point type
+available-space free-space used-space total-space ;
 
 HOOK: file-system-info os ( path -- file-system-info )
 
@@ -225,7 +229,7 @@ M: object normalize-path ( path -- path' )
     (normalize-path) current-directory set ;
 
 : with-directory ( path quot -- )
-    >r (normalize-path) current-directory r> with-variable ; inline
+    [ (normalize-path) current-directory ] dip with-variable ; inline
 
 ! Creating directories
 HOOK: make-directory io-backend ( path -- )
diff --git a/core/io/io-docs.factor b/core/io/io-docs.factor
index 43f66657a7..02af963e1a 100644
--- a/core/io/io-docs.factor
+++ b/core/io/io-docs.factor
@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ HELP: input-stream
 HELP: output-stream
 { $var-description "Holds an output stream for various implicit stream operations. Rebound using " { $link with-output-stream } " and " { $link with-output-stream* } "." } ;
 
+HELP: error-stream
+{ $var-description "Holds an error stream." } ;
+
 HELP: readln
 { $values { "str/f" "a string or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Reads a line of input from " { $link input-stream } ". Outputs " { $link f } " on stream exhaustion." }
@@ -250,6 +253,10 @@ HELP: lines
 { $values { "stream" "an input stream" } { "seq" "a sequence of strings" } }
 { $description "Reads lines of text until the stream is exhausted, collecting them in a sequence of strings." } ;
 
+HELP: each-line
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( str -- )" } } }
+{ $description "Calls the quotatin with successive lines of text, until the current " { $link input-stream } " is exhausted." } ;
+
 HELP: contents
 { $values { "stream" "an input stream" } { "str" string } }
 { $description "Reads the entire contents of a stream into a string." }
@@ -361,6 +368,8 @@ ARTICLE: "stream-utils" "Stream utilities"
 $nl
 "First, a simple composition of " { $link stream-write } " and " { $link stream-nl } ":"
 { $subsection stream-print }
+"Processing lines one by one:"
+{ $subsection each-line }
 "Sluring an entire stream into memory all at once:"
 { $subsection lines }
 { $subsection contents }
diff --git a/core/io/io-tests.factor b/core/io/io-tests.factor
index c38a7c9ebc..18cde1a35c 100644
--- a/core/io/io-tests.factor
+++ b/core/io/io-tests.factor
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ IN: io.tests
 ! Make sure we use correct to_c_string form when writing
 [ ] [ "\0" write ] unit-test
 
+[ ] [
+    "It seems Jobs has lost his grasp on reality again.\n"
+    "separator-test.txt" temp-file latin1 set-file-contents
+] unit-test
+
 [
     {
         { "It seems " CHAR: J }
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ IN: io.tests
     }
 ] [
     [
-        "resource:core/io/test/separator-test.txt"
+        "separator-test.txt" temp-file
         latin1 <file-reader> [
             "J" read-until 2array ,
             "i" read-until 2array ,
diff --git a/core/io/io.factor b/core/io/io.factor
index c50fc6f46c..c1fd69a16a 100644
--- a/core/io/io.factor
+++ b/core/io/io.factor
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ SYMBOL: error-stream
     [ ] cleanup ; inline
 
 : tabular-output ( style quot -- )
-    swap >r { } make r> output-stream get stream-write-table ; inline
+    swap [ { } make ] dip output-stream get stream-write-table ; inline
 
 : with-row ( quot -- )
     { } make , ; inline
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ SYMBOL: error-stream
     ] if ; inline
 
 : with-nesting ( style quot -- )
-    >r output-stream get make-block-stream
-    r> with-output-stream ; inline
+    [ output-stream get make-block-stream ] dip
+    with-output-stream ; inline
 
 : print ( string -- ) output-stream get stream-print ;
 
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ SYMBOL: error-stream
 : lines ( stream -- seq )
     [ [ readln dup ] [ ] [ drop ] produce ] with-input-stream ;
 
+: each-line ( quot -- )
+    [ [ readln dup ] ] dip [ drop ] while ; inline
+
 : contents ( stream -- str )
     [
         [ 65536 read dup ] [ ] [ drop ] produce concat f like
diff --git a/core/io/streams/byte-array/byte-array.factor b/core/io/streams/byte-array/byte-array.factor
index 28d789d66f..9d89c3d814 100644
--- a/core/io/streams/byte-array/byte-array.factor
+++ b/core/io/streams/byte-array/byte-array.factor
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ IN: io.streams.byte-array
     512 <byte-vector> swap <encoder> ;
 
 : with-byte-writer ( encoding quot -- byte-array )
-    >r <byte-writer> r> [ output-stream get ] compose with-output-stream*
+    [ <byte-writer> ] dip [ output-stream get ] compose with-output-stream*
     dup encoder? [ stream>> ] when >byte-array ; inline
 
 : <byte-reader> ( byte-array encoding -- stream )
-    >r >byte-vector dup reverse-here r> <decoder> ;
+    [ >byte-vector dup reverse-here ] dip <decoder> ;
 
 : with-byte-reader ( byte-array encoding quot -- )
-    >r <byte-reader> r> with-input-stream* ; inline
+    [ <byte-reader> ] dip with-input-stream* ; inline
diff --git a/core/io/streams/c/c.factor b/core/io/streams/c/c.factor
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 1e12d7e956..47e19d2c40
--- a/core/io/streams/c/c.factor
+++ b/core/io/streams/c/c.factor
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ M: c-io-backend init-io ;
 
 M: c-io-backend (init-stdio) init-c-stdio ;
 
-M: c-io-backend io-multiplex 60 60 * 1000 * or (sleep) ;
+M: c-io-backend io-multiplex 60 60 * 1000 * 1000 * or (sleep) ;
 
 M: c-io-backend (file-reader)
     "rb" fopen <c-reader> ;
@@ -83,6 +83,6 @@ M: c-io-backend (file-appender)
     #! print stuff from contexts where the I/O system would
     #! otherwise not work (tools.deploy.shaker, the I/O
     #! multiplexer thread).
-    "\r\n" append >byte-array
+    "\n" append >byte-array
     stdout-handle fwrite
     stdout-handle fflush ;
diff --git a/core/io/streams/nested/nested.factor b/core/io/streams/nested/nested.factor
index bb6a7a9111..a155f842af 100644
--- a/core/io/streams/nested/nested.factor
+++ b/core/io/streams/nested/nested.factor
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ M: style-stream stream-write
     [ style>> ] [ stream>> ] bi stream-format ;
 
 M: style-stream stream-write1
-    >r 1string r> stream-write ;
+    [ 1string ] dip stream-write ;
 
 M: style-stream make-span-stream
     do-nested-style make-span-stream ;
diff --git a/core/io/streams/string/string.factor b/core/io/streams/string/string.factor
index b2b75509e9..57c0cb37e8 100644
--- a/core/io/streams/string/string.factor
+++ b/core/io/streams/string/string.factor
@@ -5,6 +5,33 @@ strings generic splitting continuations destructors
 io.streams.plain io.encodings math.order growable ;
 IN: io.streams.string
 
+<PRIVATE
+
+: harden-as ( seq growble-exemplar -- newseq )
+    underlying>> like ;
+
+: growable-read-until ( growable n -- str )
+    >fixnum dupd tail-slice swap harden-as dup reverse-here ;
+
+SINGLETON: null-encoding
+
+M: null-encoding decode-char drop stream-read1 ;
+
+: format-column ( seq ? -- seq )
+    [
+        [ 0 [ length max ] reduce ] keep
+        swap [ CHAR: \s pad-right ] curry map
+    ] unless ;
+
+: map-last ( seq quot -- seq )
+    [ dup length <reversed> ] dip [ 0 = ] prepose 2map ; inline
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: format-table ( table -- seq )
+    flip [ format-column ] map-last
+    flip [ " " join ] map ;
+
 M: growable dispose drop ;
 
 M: growable stream-write1 push ;
@@ -20,12 +47,6 @@ M: growable stream-flush drop ;
 
 M: growable stream-read1 [ f ] [ pop ] if-empty ;
 
-: harden-as ( seq growble-exemplar -- newseq )
-    underlying>> like ;
-
-: growable-read-until ( growable n -- str )
-    >fixnum dupd tail-slice swap harden-as dup reverse-here ;
-
 : find-last-sep ( seq seps -- n )
     swap [ memq? ] curry find-last drop ;
 
@@ -50,30 +71,14 @@ M: growable stream-read
 M: growable stream-read-partial
     stream-read ;
 
-SINGLETON: null
-M: null decode-char drop stream-read1 ;
-
 : <string-reader> ( str -- stream )
-    >sbuf dup reverse-here null <decoder> ;
+    >sbuf dup reverse-here null-encoding <decoder> ;
 
 : with-string-reader ( str quot -- )
-    >r <string-reader> r> with-input-stream ; inline
+    [ <string-reader> ] dip with-input-stream ; inline
 
 INSTANCE: growable plain-writer
 
-: format-column ( seq ? -- seq )
-    [
-        [ 0 [ length max ] reduce ] keep
-        swap [ CHAR: \s pad-right ] curry map
-    ] unless ;
-
-: map-last ( seq quot -- seq )
-    >r dup length <reversed> [ zero? ] r> compose 2map ; inline
-
-: format-table ( table -- seq )
-    flip [ format-column ] map-last
-    flip [ " " join ] map ;
-
 M: plain-writer stream-write-table
     [ drop format-table [ print ] each ] with-output-stream* ;
 
diff --git a/core/io/test/separator-test.txt b/core/io/test/separator-test.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c3568f6ea0..0000000000
--- a/core/io/test/separator-test.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-It seems Jobs has lost his grasp on reality again.
diff --git a/core/kernel/kernel-docs.factor b/core/kernel/kernel-docs.factor
index 61e10a9c00..91b18d834b 100644
--- a/core/kernel/kernel-docs.factor
+++ b/core/kernel/kernel-docs.factor
@@ -29,12 +29,6 @@ HELP: spin                           $shuffle ;
 HELP: roll                           $shuffle ;
 HELP: -roll                          $shuffle ;
 
-HELP: >r ( x -- )
-{ $values { "x" object } } { $description "Moves the top of the data stack to the retain stack." } ;
-
-HELP: r> ( -- x )
-{ $values { "x" object } } { $description "Moves the top of the retain stack to the data stack." } ;
-
 HELP: datastack ( -- ds )
 { $values { "ds" array } }
 { $description "Outputs an array containing a copy of the data stack contents right before the call to this word, with the top of the stack at the end of the array." } ;
@@ -170,7 +164,7 @@ HELP: xor
 { $notes "This word implements boolean exclusive or, so applying it to integers will not yield useful results (all integers have a true value). Bitwise exclusive or is the " { $link bitxor } " word." } ;
 
 HELP: both?
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- ? )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if the quotation yields a true value when applied to both " { $snippet "x" } " and " { $snippet "y" } "." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: kernel math prettyprint ;" "3 5 [ odd? ] both? ." "t" }
@@ -178,7 +172,7 @@ HELP: both?
 } ;
 
 HELP: either?
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- ? )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if the quotation yields a true value when applied to either " { $snippet "x" } " or " { $snippet "y" } "." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: kernel math prettyprint ;" "3 6 [ odd? ] either? ." "t" }
@@ -211,19 +205,22 @@ HELP: 3slip
 { $description "Calls a quotation while hiding the top three stack elements." } ;
 
 HELP: keep
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- )" } } { "x" object } }
-{ $description "Call a quotation with a value on the stack, restoring the value when the quotation returns." } ;
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "x" object } }
+{ $description "Call a quotation with a value on the stack, restoring the value when the quotation returns." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: arrays kernel prettyprint ;" "2 \"greetings\" [ <array> ] keep 2array ." "{ { \"greetings\" \"greetings\" } \"greetings\" }" }
+} ;
 
 HELP: 2keep
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } }
 { $description "Call a quotation with two values on the stack, restoring the values when the quotation returns." } ;
 
 HELP: 3keep
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } }
 { $description "Call a quotation with three values on the stack, restoring the values when the quotation returns." } ;
 
 HELP: bi
-{ $values { "x" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to " { $snippet "x" } ", then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to " { $snippet "x" } "." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -245,7 +242,7 @@ HELP: bi
 } ;
 
 HELP: 2bi
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to the two input values, then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to the two input values." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -266,7 +263,7 @@ HELP: 2bi
 } ;
 
 HELP: 3bi
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to the three input values, then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to the three input values." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ HELP: 3bi
 } ;
 
 HELP: tri
-{ $values { "x" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } { "r" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "r" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to " { $snippet "x" } ", then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to " { $snippet "x" } ", and finally applies " { $snippet "r" } " to " { $snippet "x" } "." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } ", " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ r ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ HELP: tri
 } ;
 
 HELP: 2tri
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ... )" } } { "r" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } { "r" { $quotation "( x y -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to the two input values, then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to the two input values, and finally applies " { $snippet "r" } " to the two input values." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } ", " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ r ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -324,7 +321,7 @@ HELP: 2tri
 } ;
 
 HELP: 3tri
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "r" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } { "r" { $quotation "( x y z -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to the three input values, then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to the three input values, and finally applies " { $snippet "r" } " to the three input values." }
 { $examples
     "If " { $snippet "[ p ]" } ", " { $snippet "[ q ]" } " and " { $snippet "[ r ]" } " have stack effect " { $snippet "( x y z -- )" } ", then the following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -341,46 +338,46 @@ HELP: 3tri
 
 
 HELP: bi*
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( y -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( y -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to " { $snippet "x" } ", then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to " { $snippet "y" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] [ q ] bi*"
-        ">r p r> q"
+        "[ p ] dip q"
     }
 } ;
 
 HELP: 2bi*
-{ $values { "w" object } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( w x -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( y z -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "w" object } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" { $quotation "( w x -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( y z -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to " { $snippet "w" } " and " { $snippet "x" } ", then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to " { $snippet "y" } " and " { $snippet "z" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] [ q ] 2bi*"
-        ">r >r p r> r> q"
+        "[ p ] 2dip q"
     }
 } ;
 
 HELP: tri*
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( y -- ... )" } } { "r" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( z -- ... )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "p" { $quotation "( x -- ... )" } } { "q" { $quotation "( y -- ... )" } } { "r" { $quotation "( z -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "p" } " to " { $snippet "x" } ", then applies " { $snippet "q" } " to " { $snippet "y" } ", and finally applies " { $snippet "r" } " to " { $snippet "z" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] [ q ] [ r ] tri*"
-        ">r >r p r> q r> r"
+        "[ [ p ] dip q ] dip r"
     }
 } ;
 
 HELP: bi@
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to " { $snippet "x" } ", then to " { $snippet "y" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] bi@"
-        ">r p r> p"
+        "[ p ] dip p"
     }
     "The following two lines are also equivalent:"
     { $code
@@ -390,13 +387,13 @@ HELP: bi@
 } ;
 
 HELP: 2bi@
-{ $values { "w" object } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj1 obj2 -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "w" object } { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj1 obj2 -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to " { $snippet "w" } " and " { $snippet "x" } ", then to " { $snippet "y" } " and " { $snippet "z" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] 2bi@"
-        ">r >r p r> r> p"
+        "[ p ] 2dip p"
     }
     "The following two lines are also equivalent:"
     { $code
@@ -406,13 +403,13 @@ HELP: 2bi@
 } ;
 
 HELP: tri@
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to " { $snippet "x" } ", then to " { $snippet "y" } ", and finally to " { $snippet "z" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "[ p ] tri@"
-        ">r >r p r> p r> p"
+        "[ [ p ] dip p ] dip p"
     }
     "The following two lines are also equivalent:"
     { $code
@@ -440,7 +437,7 @@ $nl
 "The " { $snippet "cond" } " value is removed from the stack before the quotation is called." } ;
 
 HELP: if*
-{ $values { "?" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( cond -- )" } } { "false" quotation } }
+{ $values { "?" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" { $quotation "( cond -- ... )" } } { "false" quotation } }
 { $description "Alternative conditional form that preserves the " { $snippet "cond" } " value if it is true."
 $nl
 "If the condition is true, it is retained on the stack before the " { $snippet "true" } " quotation is called. Otherwise, the condition is removed from the stack and the " { $snippet "false" } " quotation is called."
@@ -449,7 +446,7 @@ $nl
 { $code "X [ Y ] [ Z ] if*" "X dup [ Y ] [ drop Z ] if" } } ;
 
 HELP: when*
-{ $values { "?" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( cond -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "?" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" { $quotation "( cond -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "Variant of " { $link if* } " with no false quotation."
 $nl
 "The following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -463,7 +460,7 @@ HELP: unless*
 { $code "X [ Y ] unless*" "X dup [ ] [ drop Y ] if" } } ;
 
 HELP: ?if
-{ $values { "default" object } { "cond" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( cond -- )" } } { "false" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( default -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "default" object } { "cond" "a generalized boolean" } { "true" { $quotation "( cond -- ... )" } } { "false" { $quotation "( default -- ... )" } } }
 { $description "If the condition is " { $link f } ", the " { $snippet "false" } " quotation is called with the " { $snippet "default" } " value on the stack. Otherwise, the " { $snippet "true" } " quotation is called with the condition on the stack." }
 { $notes
 "The following two lines are equivalent:"
@@ -520,7 +517,7 @@ HELP: null
 } ;
 
 HELP: most
-{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( x y -- ? )" } } { "z" "either " { $snippet "x" } " or " { $snippet "y" } } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( x y -- ? )" } } { "z" "either " { $snippet "x" } " or " { $snippet "y" } } }
 { $description "If the quotation yields a true value when applied to " { $snippet "x" } " and " { $snippet "y" } ", outputs " { $snippet "x" } ", otherwise outputs " { $snippet "y" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: curry
@@ -550,7 +547,7 @@ HELP: 3curry
 { $notes "This operation is efficient and does not copy the quotation." } ;
 
 HELP: with
-{ $values { "param" object } { "obj" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( param elt -- ... )" } } { "obj" object } { "curry" curry } }
+{ $values { "param" object } { "obj" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( param elt -- ... )" } } { "obj" object } { "curry" curry } }
 { $description "Partial application on the left. The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code "swap [ swap A ] curry B" }
     { $code "[ A ] with B" }
@@ -565,11 +562,7 @@ HELP: compose
 { $values { "quot1" callable } { "quot2" callable } { "compose" compose } }
 { $description "Quotation composition. Outputs a " { $link callable } " which calls " { $snippet "quot1" } " followed by " { $snippet "quot2" } "." }
 { $notes
-    "The two quotations must leave the retain stack in the same state on exit as it was on entry, so the following code is not allowed:"
-    { $code
-        "[ 3 >r ] [ r> . ] compose"
-    }
-    "Except for this restriction, the following two lines are equivalent:"
+    "The following two lines are equivalent:"
     { $code
         "compose call"
         "append call"
@@ -585,52 +578,31 @@ HELP: prepose
 
 { compose prepose } related-words
 
-HELP: 3compose
-{ $values { "quot1" callable } { "quot2" callable } { "quot3" callable } { "compose" compose } }
-{ $description "Quotation composition. Outputs a " { $link callable } " which calls " { $snippet "quot1" } ", " { $snippet "quot2" } " and then " { $snippet "quot3" } "." }
-{ $notes
-    "The three quotations must leave the retain stack in the same state on exit as it was on entry, so for example, the following code is not allowed:"
-    { $code
-        "[ >r ] swap [ r> ] 3compose"
-    }
-    "The correct way to achieve the effect of the above is the following:"
-    { $code
-        "[ dip ] curry"
-    }
-    "Excepting the retain stack restriction, the following two lines are equivalent:"
-    { $code
-        "3compose call"
-        "3append call"
-    }
-    "However, " { $link 3compose } " runs in constant time, and the compiler is able to compile code which calls composed quotations."
-} ;
-
 HELP: dip
-{ $values { "obj" object } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls " { $snippet "quot" } " with " { $snippet "obj" } " hidden on the retain stack." }
-{ $notes "The following are equivalent:"
-    { $code ">r foo bar r>" }
-    { $code "[ foo bar ] dip" }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: arrays kernel math prettyprint ;" "10 20 30 [ / ] dip 2array ." "{ 1/2 30 }" }
 } ;
 
 HELP: 2dip
-{ $values { "obj1" object } { "obj2" object } { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Calls " { $snippet "quot" } " with " { $snippet "obj1" } " and " { $snippet "obj2" } " hidden on the retain stack." }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $description "Calls " { $snippet "quot" } " with " { $snippet "x" } " and " { $snippet "y" } " hidden on the retain stack." }
 { $notes "The following are equivalent:"
-    { $code ">r >r foo bar r> r>" }
+    { $code "[ [ foo bar ] dip ] dip" }
     { $code "[ foo bar ] 2dip" }
 } ;
 
 HELP: 3dip
-{ $values { "obj1" object } { "obj2" object } { "obj3" object } { "quot" quotation } }
+{ $values { "x" object } { "y" object } { "z" object } { "quot" quotation } }
 { $description "Calls " { $snippet "quot" } " with " { $snippet "obj1" } ", " { $snippet "obj2" } " and " { $snippet "obj3" } " hidden on the retain stack." }
 { $notes "The following are equivalent:"
-    { $code ">r >r >r foo bar r> r> r>" }
+    { $code "[ [ [ foo bar ] dip ] dip ] dip" }
     { $code "[ foo bar ] 3dip" }
 } ;
 
 HELP: while
-{ $values { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- ? )" } } { "body" "a quotation" } { "tail" "a quotation" } }
+{ $values { "pred" { $quotation "( -- ? )" } } { "body" "a quotation" } { "tail" "a quotation" } }
 { $description "Repeatedly calls " { $snippet "pred" } ". If it yields " { $link f } ", iteration stops, otherwise " { $snippet "body" } " is called. After iteration stops, " { $snippet "tail" } " is called." }
 { $notes "In most cases, tail recursion should be used, because it is simpler both in terms of implementation and conceptually. However in some cases this combinator expresses intent better and should be used."
 $nl
@@ -644,7 +616,7 @@ $nl
 HELP: loop
 { $values
      { "pred" quotation } }
-{ $description "Calls the quotation repeatedly until the output is true." }
+     { $description "Calls the quotation repeatedly until it outputs " { $link f } "." }
 { $examples "Loop until we hit a zero:"
     { $unchecked-example "USING: kernel random math io ; "
     " [ \"hi\" write bl 10 random zero? not ] loop"
@@ -692,15 +664,7 @@ $nl
 { $subsection -rot }
 { $subsection spin }
 { $subsection roll }
-{ $subsection -roll }
-"Sometimes an additional storage area is needed to hold objects. The " { $emphasis "retain stack" } " is an auxilliary stack for this purpose. Objects can be moved between the data and retain stacks using the following two words:"
-{ $subsection >r }
-{ $subsection r> }
-"The top of the data stack is ``hidden'' between " { $link >r } " and " { $link r> } ":"
-{ $example "1 2 3 >r .s r>" "1\n2" }
-"Usages of " { $link >r } " and " { $link r> } " must be balanced within a single quotation; quotations are not permitted to pop retain stack elements they did not push, or leave elements on the retain stack after returning."
-$nl
-"The " { $link "inference" } " tool checks retain stack usage. The " { $link "slip-keep-combinators" } " combinators abstract out common retain stack usage patterns." ;
+{ $subsection -roll } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "cleave-shuffle-equivalence" "Expressing shuffle words with cleave combinators"
 "Cleave combinators are defined in terms of shuffle words, and mappings from certain shuffle idioms to cleave combinators are discussed in the documentation for " { $link bi } ", " { $link 2bi } ", " { $link 3bi } ", " { $link tri } ", " { $link 2tri } " and " { $link 3tri } "."
@@ -793,14 +757,10 @@ $nl
 { $subsection tri* }
 "Technically, the spread combinators are redundant because they can be simulated using shuffle words and other combinators, and in addition, they do not reduce token counts by much, if at all. However, they can make code more readable by expressing intention and exploiting any inherent symmetry. For example, a piece of code which performs three operations on three related values can be written in one of two ways:"
 { $code
-    "! First alternative; uses retain stack explicitly"
-    ">r >r 1 +"
-    "r> 1 -"
-    "r> 2 *"
+    "! First alternative; uses dip"
+    "[ [ 1 + ] dip 1 - dip ] 2 *"
     "! Second alternative: uses tri*"
-    "[ 1 + ]"
-    "[ 1 - ]"
-    "[ 2 * ] tri*"
+    "[ 1 + ] [ 1 - ] [ 2 * ] tri*"
 }
 
 $nl
@@ -819,7 +779,9 @@ $nl
 { $subsection both? }
 { $subsection either? } ;
 
-ARTICLE: "slip-keep-combinators" "The dip, slip and keep combinators"
+ARTICLE: "slip-keep-combinators" "Retain stack combinators"
+"Sometimes an additional storage area is needed to hold objects. The " { $emphasis "retain stack" } " is an auxilliary stack for this purpose. Objects can be moved between the data and retain stacks using a set of combinators."
+$nl
 "The dip combinators invoke the quotation at the top of the stack, hiding the values underneath:"
 { $subsection dip }
 { $subsection 2dip }
@@ -840,7 +802,6 @@ ARTICLE: "compositional-combinators" "Compositional combinators"
 { $subsection 3curry }
 { $subsection with }
 { $subsection compose }
-{ $subsection 3compose }
 { $subsection prepose }
 "Quotations also implement the sequence protocol, and can be manipulated with sequence words; see " { $link "quotations" } "." ;
 
@@ -851,7 +812,7 @@ ARTICLE: "implementing-combinators" "Implementing combinators"
 "These words are used to implement combinators. Note that combinator definitions must be followed by the " { $link POSTPONE: inline } " declaration in order to compile in the optimizing compiler; for example:"
 { $code
     ": keep ( x quot -- x )"
-    "    over >r call r> ; inline"
+    "    over [ call ] dip ; inline"
 }
 "Word inlining is documented in " { $link "declarations" } "." ;
 
@@ -935,10 +896,10 @@ ARTICLE: "dataflow" "Data and control flow"
 { $subsection "booleans" }
 { $subsection "shuffle-words" }
 "A central concept in Factor is that of a " { $emphasis "combinator" } ", which is a word taking code as input."
+{ $subsection "slip-keep-combinators" }
 { $subsection "cleave-combinators" }
 { $subsection "spread-combinators" }
 { $subsection "apply-combinators" }
-{ $subsection "slip-keep-combinators" }
 { $subsection "conditionals" }
 { $subsection "compositional-combinators" }
 { $subsection "combinators" }
diff --git a/core/kernel/kernel-tests.factor b/core/kernel/kernel-tests.factor
index 8a51d45447..320025b124 100644
--- a/core/kernel/kernel-tests.factor
+++ b/core/kernel/kernel-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 USING: arrays byte-arrays kernel kernel.private math memory
 namespaces sequences tools.test math.private quotations
 continuations prettyprint io.streams.string debugger assocs
-sequences.private ;
+sequences.private accessors ;
 IN: kernel.tests
 
 [ 0 ] [ f size ] unit-test
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ IN: kernel.tests
 
 ! Regression
 : (loop) ( a b c d -- )
-    >r pick r> swap >r pick r> swap
-    < [ >r >r >r 1+ r> r> r> (loop) ] [ 2drop 2drop ] if ; inline
+    [ pick ] dip swap [ pick ] dip swap
+    < [ [ 1+ ] 3dip (loop) ] [ 2drop 2drop ] if ; inline
 
 : loop ( obj obj -- )
-    H{ } values swap >r dup length swap r> 0 -roll (loop) ;
+    H{ } values swap [ dup length swap ] dip 0 -roll (loop) ;
 
 [ loop ] must-fail
 
@@ -124,3 +124,42 @@ IN: kernel.tests
 [ [ sq ] tri@ ] must-infer
 
 [ 4 ] [ 1 { [ 1 ] [ 2 ] } dispatch sq ] unit-test
+
+! Test traceback accuracy
+: last-frame ( -- pair )
+    error-continuation get call>> callstack>array 4 head* 2 tail* ;
+
+[
+    { [ 1 2 [ 3 throw ] call 4 ] 3 }
+] [
+    [ [ 1 2 [ 3 throw ] call 4 ] call ] ignore-errors
+    last-frame
+] unit-test
+
+[
+    { [ 1 2 [ 3 throw ] dip 4 ] 3 }
+] [
+    [ [ 1 2 [ 3 throw ] dip 4 ] call ] ignore-errors
+    last-frame
+] unit-test
+
+[
+    { [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] call 4 ] 3 }
+] [
+    [ [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] call 4 ] call ] ignore-errors
+    last-frame
+] unit-test
+
+[
+    { [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] dip 4 ] 3 }
+] [
+    [ [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] dip 4 ] call ] ignore-errors
+    last-frame
+] unit-test
+
+[
+    { [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] [ ] if 4 ] 3 }
+] [
+    [ [ 1 2 3 throw [ ] [ ] if 4 ] call ] ignore-errors
+    last-frame
+] unit-test
diff --git a/core/kernel/kernel.factor b/core/kernel/kernel.factor
index 62e37ef301..bbe2d348d8 100644
--- a/core/kernel/kernel.factor
+++ b/core/kernel/kernel.factor
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 USING: kernel.private slots.private classes.tuple.private ;
 IN: kernel
 
+DEFER: dip
+DEFER: 2dip
+DEFER: 3dip
+
 ! Stack stuff
 : spin ( x y z -- z y x ) swap rot ; inline
 
-: roll ( x y z t -- y z t x ) >r rot r> swap ; inline
+: roll ( x y z t -- y z t x ) [ rot ] dip swap ; inline
 
-: -roll ( x y z t -- t x y z ) swap >r -rot r> ; inline
+: -roll ( x y z t -- t x y z ) swap [ -rot ] dip ; inline
 
 : 2over ( x y z -- x y z x y ) pick pick ; inline
 
@@ -49,56 +53,68 @@ DEFER: if
     pick [ roll 2drop call ] [ 2nip call ] if ; inline
 
 ! Slippers
-: slip ( quot x -- x ) >r call r> ; inline
+: slip ( quot x -- x )
+    #! 'slip' and 'dip' can be defined in terms of each other
+    #! because the JIT special-cases a 'dip' preceeded by
+    #! a literal quotation.
+    [ call ] dip ;
 
-: 2slip ( quot x y -- x y ) >r >r call r> r> ; inline
+: 2slip ( quot x y -- x y )
+    #! '2slip' and '2dip' can be defined in terms of each other
+    #! because the JIT special-cases a '2dip' preceeded by
+    #! a literal quotation.
+    [ call ] 2dip ;
 
-: 3slip ( quot x y z -- x y z ) >r >r >r call r> r> r> ; inline
+: 3slip ( quot x y z -- x y z )
+    #! '3slip' and '3dip' can be defined in terms of each other
+    #! because the JIT special-cases a '3dip' preceeded by
+    #! a literal quotation.
+    [ call ] 3dip ;
 
-: dip ( obj quot -- obj ) swap slip ; inline
+: dip ( x quot -- x ) swap slip ; inline
 
-: 2dip ( obj1 obj2 quot -- obj1 obj2 ) -rot 2slip ; inline
+: 2dip ( x y quot -- x y ) -rot 2slip ; inline
 
-: 3dip ( obj1 obj2 obj3 quot -- obj1 obj2 obj3 ) -roll 3slip ; inline
+: 3dip ( x y z quot -- x y z ) -roll 3slip ; inline
 
 ! Keepers
 : keep ( x quot -- x ) over slip ; inline
 
-: 2keep ( x y quot -- x y ) 2over 2slip ; inline
+: 2keep ( x y quot -- x y ) [ 2dup ] dip 2dip ; inline
 
-: 3keep ( x y z quot -- x y z ) >r 3dup r> -roll 3slip ; inline
+: 3keep ( x y z quot -- x y z ) [ 3dup ] dip 3dip ; inline
 
 ! Cleavers
 : bi ( x p q -- )
-    >r keep r> call ; inline
+    [ keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 : tri ( x p q r -- )
-    >r >r keep r> keep r> call ; inline
+    [ [ keep ] dip keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 ! Double cleavers
 : 2bi ( x y p q -- )
-    >r 2keep r> call ; inline
+    [ 2keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 : 2tri ( x y p q r -- )
-    >r >r 2keep r> 2keep r> call ; inline
+    [ [ 2keep ] dip 2keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 ! Triple cleavers
 : 3bi ( x y z p q -- )
-    >r 3keep r> call ; inline
+    [ 3keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 : 3tri ( x y z p q r -- )
-    >r >r 3keep r> 3keep r> call ; inline
+    [ [ 3keep ] dip 3keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 ! Spreaders
 : bi* ( x y p q -- )
-    >r dip r> call ; inline
+    [ dip ] dip call ; inline
 
 : tri* ( x y z p q r -- )
-    >r >r 2dip r> dip r> call ; inline
+    [ [ 2dip ] dip dip ] dip call ; inline
 
 ! Double spreaders
 : 2bi* ( w x y z p q -- )
-    >r 2dip r> call ; inline
+    [ 2dip ] dip call ; inline
 
 ! Appliers
 : bi@ ( x y quot -- )
@@ -115,8 +131,8 @@ DEFER: if
     dup slip swap [ loop ] [ drop ] if ; inline recursive
 
 : while ( pred: ( -- ? ) body: ( -- ) tail: ( -- ) -- )
-    >r >r dup slip r> r> roll
-    [ >r tuck 2slip r> while ]
+    [ dup slip ] 2dip roll
+    [ [ tuck 2slip ] dip while ]
     [ 2nip call ] if ; inline recursive
 
 ! Object protocol
@@ -163,9 +179,6 @@ GENERIC: boa ( ... class -- tuple )
 : prepose ( quot1 quot2 -- compose )
     swap compose ; inline
 
-: 3compose ( quot1 quot2 quot3 -- compose )
-    compose compose ; inline
-
 ! Booleans
 : not ( obj -- ? ) [ f ] [ t ] if ; inline
 
@@ -182,7 +195,7 @@ GENERIC: boa ( ... class -- tuple )
 : either? ( x y quot -- ? ) bi@ or ; inline
 
 : most ( x y quot -- z )
-    >r 2dup r> call [ drop ] [ nip ] if ; inline
+    [ 2dup ] dip call [ drop ] [ nip ] if ; inline
 
 ! Error handling -- defined early so that other files can
 ! throw errors before continuations are loaded
diff --git a/core/lexer/lexer-docs.factor b/core/lexer/lexer-docs.factor
index 67948cc8f9..31f5a3f72e 100644
--- a/core/lexer/lexer-docs.factor
+++ b/core/lexer/lexer-docs.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ HELP: skip
 { $description "Skips to the first space character (if " { $snippet "boolean" } " is " { $link f } ") or the first non-space character (otherwise)." } ;
 
 HELP: change-lexer-column
-{ $values { "lexer" lexer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( col line -- newcol )" } } }
+{ $values { "lexer" lexer } { "quot" { $quotation "( col line -- newcol )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to the current column and line text to produce a new column, and moves the lexer position." } ;
 
 HELP: skip-blank
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ HELP: still-parsing-line?
 { $description "Outputs " { $link f } " if the end of the current line has been reached, " { $link t } " otherwise." } ;
 
 HELP: parse-token
-{ $values { "lexer" lexer } { "str/f" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "lexer" lexer } { "str/f" { $maybe string } } }
 { $description "Reads the next token from the lexer. Tokens are delimited by whitespace, with the exception that " { $snippet "\"" } " is treated like a single token even when not followed by whitespace." } ;
 
 HELP: scan
-{ $values { "str/f" "a " { $link string } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "str/f" { $maybe string } } }
 { $description "Reads the next token from the lexer. See " { $link parse-token } " for details." }
 $parsing-note ;
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ HELP: parse-tokens
 $parsing-note ;
 
 HELP: unexpected
-{ $values { "want" "a " { $link word } " or " { $link f } } { "got" word } }
+{ $values { "want" { $maybe word } } { "got" word } }
 { $description "Throws an " { $link unexpected } " error." }
 { $error-description "Thrown by the parser if an unmatched closing delimiter is encountered." }
 { $examples
diff --git a/core/lexer/lexer.factor b/core/lexer/lexer.factor
index d284be00c9..c36e6da190 100644
--- a/core/lexer/lexer.factor
+++ b/core/lexer/lexer.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TUPLE: lexer text line line-text line-length column ;
     lexer new-lexer ;
 
 : skip ( i seq ? -- n )
-    >r tuck r>
+    [ tuck ] dip
     [ swap CHAR: \s eq? xor ] curry find-from drop
     [ ] [ length ] ?if ;
 
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@ PREDICATE: unexpected-eof < unexpected
 
 : unexpected-eof ( word -- * ) f unexpected ;
 
+: expect ( token -- )
+    scan
+    [ 2dup = [ 2drop ] [ unexpected ] if ]
+    [ unexpected-eof ]
+    if* ;
+
 : (parse-tokens) ( accum end -- accum )
     scan 2dup = [
         2drop
diff --git a/core/math/floats/floats-tests.factor b/core/math/floats/floats-tests.factor
index bd3f951b02..dbdd5b27fe 100644
--- a/core/math/floats/floats-tests.factor
+++ b/core/math/floats/floats-tests.factor
@@ -60,3 +60,5 @@ unit-test
 [ 0 ] [ 1/0. >bignum ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [ 64 [ 2^ 0.5 * ] map [ < ] monotonic? ] unit-test
+
+[ 5 ] [ 10.5 1.9 /i ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/math/floats/floats.factor b/core/math/floats/floats.factor
index 9dcff9eb90..2a22dc4330 100644
--- a/core/math/floats/floats.factor
+++ b/core/math/floats/floats.factor
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ M: float - float- ;
 M: float * float* ;
 M: float / float/f ;
 M: float /f float/f ;
+M: float /i float/f >integer ;
 M: float mod float-mod ;
 
 M: real abs dup 0 < [ neg ] when ;
diff --git a/core/math/integers/integers.factor b/core/math/integers/integers.factor
index 74a93d39bd..fcb1b65d80 100644
--- a/core/math/integers/integers.factor
+++ b/core/math/integers/integers.factor
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ M: fixnum + fixnum+ ;
 M: fixnum - fixnum- ;
 M: fixnum * fixnum* ;
 M: fixnum /i fixnum/i ;
-M: fixnum /f >r >float r> >float float/f ;
+M: fixnum /f [ >float ] dip >float float/f ;
 
 M: fixnum mod fixnum-mod ;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ M: fixnum bitnot fixnum-bitnot ;
 M: fixnum bit? neg shift 1 bitand 0 > ;
 
 : (fixnum-log2) ( accum n -- accum )
-    dup 1 number= [ drop ] [ >r 1+ r> 2/ (fixnum-log2) ] if ;
+    dup 1 number= [ drop ] [ [ 1+ ] [ 2/ ] bi* (fixnum-log2) ] if ;
     inline recursive
 
 M: fixnum (log2) 0 swap (fixnum-log2) ;
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ M: bignum (log2) bignum-log2 ;
 
 : pre-scale ( num den -- scale shifted-num scaled-den )
     2dup [ log2 ] bi@ -
-    tuck [ neg 54 + shift ] [ >r scale-denonimator r> + ] 2bi*
+    tuck [ neg 54 + shift ] [ [ scale-denonimator ] dip + ] 2bi*
     -rot ; inline
 
 ! Second step: loop
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ M: bignum (log2) bignum-log2 ;
 
 : /f-loop ( scale mantissa den -- scale' fraction-and-guard rem )
     [ 2dup /i log2 53 > ]
-    [ >r shift-mantissa r> ]
+    [ [ shift-mantissa ] dip ]
     [ ] while /mod ; inline
 
 ! Third step: post-scaling
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ M: bignum (log2) bignum-log2 ;
     52 2^ 1- bitand 1022 52 shift bitor bits>double ; inline
 
 : scale-float ( scale mantissa -- float' )
-    >r dup 0 < [ neg 2^ recip ] [ 2^ ] if r> * ; inline
+    [ dup 0 < [ neg 2^ recip ] [ 2^ ] if ] dip * ; inline
 
 : post-scale ( scale mantissa -- n )
     2/ dup log2 52 > [ shift-mantissa ] when
diff --git a/core/math/math-docs.factor b/core/math/math-docs.factor
index a863715d33..aca43add5c 100644
--- a/core/math/math-docs.factor
+++ b/core/math/math-docs.factor
@@ -284,22 +284,22 @@ HELP: power-of-2?
 { $description "Tests if " { $snippet "n" } " is a power of 2." } ;
 
 HELP: each-integer
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( i -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" { $quotation "( i -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each integer from 0 up to " { $snippet "n" } ", excluding " { $snippet "n" } "." }
 { $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link each } "." } ;
 
 HELP: all-integers?
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( i -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" { $quotation "( i -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each integer from 0 up to " { $snippet "n" } ", excluding " { $snippet "n" } ". Iterationi stops when the quotation outputs " { $link f } " or the end is reached. If the quotation yields a false value for some integer, this word outputs " { $link f } ". Otherwise, this word outputs " { $link t } "." }
 { $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link all? } "." } ;
 
 HELP: find-integer
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( i -- ? )" } } { "i" "an integer or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" { $quotation "( i -- ? )" } } { "i" "an integer or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each integer from 0 up to " { $snippet "n" } ", excluding " { $snippet "n" } ". Iterationi stops when the quotation outputs a true value or the end is reached. If the quotation yields a true value for some integer, this word outputs that integer. Otherwise, this word outputs " { $link f } "." }
 { $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link find } "." } ;
 
 HELP: find-last-integer
-{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( i -- ? )" } } { "i" "an integer or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "quot" { $quotation "( i -- ? )" } } { "i" "an integer or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each integer from " { $snippet "n" } " down to 0, inclusive. Iteration stops when the quotation outputs a true value or 0 is reached. If the quotation yields a true value for some integer, the word outputs that integer. Otherwise, the word outputs " { $link f } "." }
 { $notes "This word is used to implement " { $link find-last } "." } ;
 
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@ ARTICLE: "bitwise-arithmetic" "Bitwise arithmetic"
 { $subsection 2/ }
 { $subsection 2^ }
 { $subsection bit? }
+"The " { $vocab-link "math.bitwise" } " vocabulary implements additional bitwise integer operations."
 { $see-also "conditionals" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "arithmetic" "Arithmetic"
diff --git a/core/math/math.factor b/core/math/math.factor
index 6efdd53825..5c53d99cff 100644
--- a/core/math/math.factor
+++ b/core/math/math.factor
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ M: float fp-infinity? ( float -- ? )
     2dup >= [
         drop
     ] [
-        >r 1 shift r> (next-power-of-2)
+        [ 1 shift ] dip (next-power-of-2)
     ] if ;
 
 : next-power-of-2 ( m -- n ) 2 swap (next-power-of-2) ; foldable
@@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ M: float fp-infinity? ( float -- ? )
 
 : iterate-prep 0 -rot ; inline
 
-: if-iterate? >r >r 2over < r> r> if ; inline
+: if-iterate? [ 2over < ] 2dip if ; inline
 
 : iterate-step ( i n quot -- i n quot )
     #! Apply quot to i, keep i and quot, hide n.
-    swap >r 2dup 2slip r> swap ; inline
+    swap [ 2dup 2slip ] dip swap ; inline
 
-: iterate-next >r >r 1+ r> r> ; inline
+: iterate-next [ 1+ ] 2dip ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -167,6 +167,6 @@ PRIVATE>
         2dup 2slip rot [
             drop
         ] [
-            >r 1- r> find-last-integer
+            [ 1- ] dip find-last-integer
         ] if
     ] if ; inline recursive
diff --git a/core/math/order/order-docs.factor b/core/math/order/order-docs.factor
index 65edbdaaae..c8d3095ce6 100644
--- a/core/math/order/order-docs.factor
+++ b/core/math/order/order-docs.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ HELP: invert-comparison
     { $example "USING: math.order prettyprint ;" "+lt+ invert-comparison ." "+gt+" } } ;
 
 HELP: compare
-{ $values { "obj1" object } { "obj2" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- newobj )" } } { "<=>" "an ordering specifier" } }
+{ $values { "obj1" object } { "obj2" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- newobj )" } } { "<=>" "an ordering specifier" } }
 { $description "Compares the results of applying the quotation to both objects via " { $link <=> } "." }
 { $examples { $example "USING: kernel math.order prettyprint sequences ;" "\"hello\" \"hi\" [ length ] compare ." "+gt+" }
 } ;
diff --git a/core/math/parser/parser.factor b/core/math/parser/parser.factor
index 0134693761..8fc6e6dd9e 100644
--- a/core/math/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/core/math/parser/parser.factor
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ SYMBOL: negative?
 : (base>) ( str -- n ) radix get base> ;
 
 : whole-part ( str -- m n )
-    sign split1 >r (base>) r>
+    sign split1 [ (base>) ] dip
     dup [ (base>) ] [ drop 0 swap ] if ;
 
 : string>ratio ( str -- a/b )
     "-" ?head dup negative? set swap
-    "/" split1 (base>) >r whole-part r>
+    "/" split1 (base>) [ whole-part ] dip
     3dup and and [ / + swap [ neg ] when ] [ 2drop 2drop f ] if ;
 
 : valid-digits? ( seq -- ? )
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ M: ratio >base
     {
         {
             [ CHAR: e over member? ]
-            [ "e" split1 >r fix-float "e" r> 3append ]
+            [ "e" split1 [ fix-float "e" ] dip 3append ]
         } {
             [ CHAR: . over member? ]
             [ ]
diff --git a/core/memory/memory-docs.factor b/core/memory/memory-docs.factor
index fb1d4a336f..bfe26823be 100644
--- a/core/memory/memory-docs.factor
+++ b/core/memory/memory-docs.factor
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ HELP: end-scan ( -- )
 { $notes "This is a low-level facility and can be dangerous. Use the " { $link each-object } " combinator instead." } ;
 
 HELP: each-object
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies a quotation to each object in the heap. The garbage collector is switched off while this combinator runs, so the given quotation must not allocate too much memory." }
 { $notes "This word is the low-level facility used to implement the " { $link instances } " word." } ;
 
 HELP: instances
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj -- ? )" } } { "seq" "a fresh sequence" } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- ? )" } } { "seq" "a fresh sequence" } }
 { $description "Outputs a sequence of all objects in the heap which satisfy the quotation." }
 { $notes "This word relies on " { $link each-object } ", so in particular the garbage collector is switched off while it runs and the given quotation must not allocate too much memory." } ;
 
@@ -68,14 +68,19 @@ HELP: count-instances
 } } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "images" "Images"
-"The current image can be saved; the image contains a complete dump of all data and code in the current Factor instance:"
+"Factor has the ability to save the entire state of the system into an " { $emphasis "image file" } ". The image contains a complete dump of all data and code in the current Factor instance."
 { $subsection save }
 { $subsection save-image }
 { $subsection save-image-and-exit }
 "To start Factor with a custom image, use the " { $snippet "-i=" { $emphasis "image" } } " command line switch; see " { $link "runtime-cli-args" } "."
 $nl
+"One reason to save a custom image is if you find yourself loading the same libraries in every Factor session; some libraries take a little while to compile, so saving an image with those libraries loaded can save you a lot of time."
+$nl
+"For example, to save an image with the web framework loaded,"
+{ $code "USE: furnace" "save" }
 "New images can be created from scratch:"
 { $subsection "bootstrap.image" }
-{ $see-also "tools.memory" "tools.deploy" } ;
+"The " { $link "tools.deploy" } " tool creates stripped-down images containing just enough code to run a single application."
+{ $see-also "tools.memory" } ;
 
 ABOUT: "images"
diff --git a/core/namespaces/namespaces-docs.factor b/core/namespaces/namespaces-docs.factor
index f410148566..4716a8fe99 100644
--- a/core/namespaces/namespaces-docs.factor
+++ b/core/namespaces/namespaces-docs.factor
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ HELP: on
 { $side-effects "variable" } ;
 
 HELP: change
-{ $values { "variable" "a variable, by convention a symbol" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( old -- new )" } } }
+{ $values { "variable" "a variable, by convention a symbol" } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the old value of the variable, and assigns the resulting value to the variable." }
 { $side-effects "variable" } ;
 
@@ -99,7 +99,10 @@ HELP: counter
 
 HELP: with-scope
 { $values { "quot" quotation } }
-{ $description "Calls the quotation in a new namespace. Any variables set by the quotation are discarded when it returns." } ;
+{ $description "Calls the quotation in a new namespace. Any variables set by the quotation are discarded when it returns." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: math namespaces prettyprint ;" "IN: scratchpad" "SYMBOL: x" "0 x set" "[ x [ 5 + ] change x get . ] with-scope x get ." "5\n0" }
+} ;
 
 HELP: with-variable
 { $values { "value" object } { "key" "a variable, by convention a symbol" } { "quot" quotation } }
diff --git a/core/namespaces/namespaces.factor b/core/namespaces/namespaces.factor
index 20400f4e54..427c294759 100644
--- a/core/namespaces/namespaces.factor
+++ b/core/namespaces/namespaces.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 : off ( variable -- ) f swap set ; inline
 : get-global ( variable -- value ) global at ;
 : set-global ( value variable -- ) global set-at ;
-: change ( variable quot -- ) >r dup get r> rot slip set ; inline
+: change ( variable quot -- ) [ [ get ] keep ] dip dip set ; inline
 : +@ ( n variable -- ) [ 0 or + ] change ;
 : inc ( variable -- ) 1 swap +@ ; inline
 : dec ( variable -- ) -1 swap +@ ; inline
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ PRIVATE>
     H{ } clone >n call ndrop ; inline
 
 : with-variable ( value key quot -- )
-    >r associate >n r> call ndrop ; inline
+    [ associate >n ] dip call ndrop ; inline
diff --git a/core/parser/parser-docs.factor b/core/parser/parser-docs.factor
index d33f5cd6d9..92e5922802 100644
--- a/core/parser/parser-docs.factor
+++ b/core/parser/parser-docs.factor
@@ -41,13 +41,15 @@ $nl
 }
 "The " { $vocab-link "qualified" } " vocabulary contains some tools for helping with shadowing." ;
 
-ARTICLE: "vocabulary-search-errors" "Word lookup errors"
-"If the parser cannot not find a word in the current vocabulary search path, it attempts to look for the word in all loaded vocabularies. Then, one of three things happen:"
-{ $list
-    { "If there are no words having this name at all, an error is thrown and parsing stops." }
-    { "If there are vocabularies which contain words with this name, a restartable error is thrown, with a restart for each vocabulary in question. The restarts add the vocabulary to the search path and continue parsing." }
-}
-"When writing a new vocabulary, one approach is to ignore " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " declarations altogether, then to load the vocabulary and observe any parser notes and restarts and use this information to write the correct " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " declaration." ;
+ARTICLE: "vocabulary-search-errors"  "Word lookup errors"
+"If the parser cannot not find a word in the current vocabulary search path, it attempts to look for the word in all loaded vocabularies."
+$nl
+"If " { $link auto-use? } " mode is off, a restartable error is thrown with a restart for each vocabulary in question, together with a restart which defers the word in the current vocabulary, as if " { $link POSTPONE: DEFER: } " was used."
+$nl
+"If " { $link auto-use? } " mode is on and only one vocabulary has a word with this name, the vocabulary is added to the search path and parsing continues."
+$nl
+"If any restarts were invoked, or if " { $link auto-use? } " is on, the parser will print the correct " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " after parsing completes. This form can be copy and pasted back into the source file."
+{ $subsection auto-use? } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "vocabulary-search" "Vocabulary search path"
 "When the parser reads a token, it attempts to look up a word named by that token. The lookup is performed by searching each vocabulary in the search path, in order."
@@ -294,7 +296,7 @@ HELP: parse-base
 $parsing-note ;
 
 HELP: parse-literal
-{ $values { "accum" vector } { "end" word } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( seq -- obj )" } } }
+{ $values { "accum" vector } { "end" word } { "quot" { $quotation "( seq -- obj )" } } }
 { $description "Parses objects from parser input until " { $snippet "end" } ", applies the quotation to the resulting sequence, and adds the output value to the accumulator." }
 { $examples "This word is used to implement " { $link POSTPONE: [ } "." }
 $parsing-note ;
@@ -353,3 +355,7 @@ HELP: staging-violation
 { $description "Throws a " { $link staging-violation } " error." }
 { $error-description "Thrown by the parser if a parsing word is used in the same compilation unit as where it was defined; see " { $link "compilation-units" } "." }
 { $notes "One possible workaround is to use the " { $link POSTPONE: << } " word to execute code at parse time. However, executing words defined in the same source file at parse time is still prohibited." } ;
+
+HELP: auto-use?
+{ $var-description "If set to a true value, the behavior of the parser when encountering an unknown word name is changed. If only one loaded vocabulary has a word with this name, instead of throwing an error, the parser adds the vocabulary to the search path and prints a parse note. Off by default." }
+{ $notes "This feature is intended to help during development. To generate a " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " form automatically, enable " { $link auto-use? } ", load the source file, and copy and paste the " { $link POSTPONE: USING: } " form printed by the parser back into the file, then disable " { $link auto-use? } ". See " { $link "vocabulary-search-errors" } "." } ;
diff --git a/core/parser/parser-tests.factor b/core/parser/parser-tests.factor
index c4fa0890f9..1e93a762f2 100644
--- a/core/parser/parser-tests.factor
+++ b/core/parser/parser-tests.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ USING: arrays math parser tools.test kernel generic words
 io.streams.string namespaces classes effects source-files
 assocs sequences strings io.files definitions continuations
 sorting classes.tuple compiler.units debugger vocabs
-vocabs.loader accessors eval combinators ;
+vocabs.loader accessors eval combinators lexer ;
 IN: parser.tests
 
 [
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ must-fail-with
     "USE: this-better-not-exist" eval
 ] must-fail
 
-[ ": foo ;" eval ] [ error>> no-current-vocab? ] must-fail-with
+[ ": foo ;" eval ] [ error>> error>> no-current-vocab? ] must-fail-with
 
 [ 92 ] [ "CHAR: \\" eval ] unit-test
 [ 92 ] [ "CHAR: \\\\" eval ] unit-test
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ must-fail-with
 
 [ t ] [ "staging-problem-test-2" "parser.tests" lookup >boolean ] unit-test
 
-[ "DEFER: blah" eval ] [ error>> no-current-vocab? ] must-fail-with
+[ "DEFER: blah" eval ] [ error>> error>> no-current-vocab? ] must-fail-with
 
 [
     "IN: parser.tests : blah ; parsing FORGET: blah" eval
@@ -496,3 +496,7 @@ DEFER: blah
 
 [ "IN: parser.tests USE: kernel TUPLE: blah < tuple ; : blah ; TUPLE: blah < tuple ; : blah ;" eval ]
 [ error>> error>> def>> \ blah eq? ] must-fail-with
+
+[ ] [ f lexer set f file set "Hello world" note. ] unit-test
+
+[ "CHAR: \\u9999999999999" eval ] must-fail
diff --git a/core/parser/parser.factor b/core/parser/parser.factor
index ed8fc4510b..49ab0eb7d4 100644
--- a/core/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/core/parser/parser.factor
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ IN: parser
 
 : location ( -- loc )
     file get lexer get line>> 2dup and
-    [ >r path>> r> 2array ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
+    [ [ path>> ] dip 2array ] [ 2drop f ] if ;
 
 : save-location ( definition -- )
     location remember-definition ;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ t parser-notes set-global
 : note. ( str -- )
     parser-notes? [
         file get [ path>> write ":" write ] when* 
-        lexer get line>> number>string write ": " write
+        lexer get [ line>> number>string write ": " write ] when*
         "Note: " write dup print
     ] when drop ;
 
@@ -52,7 +52,12 @@ SYMBOL: in
 
 M: parsing-word stack-effect drop (( parsed -- parsed )) ;
 
-ERROR: no-current-vocab ;
+TUPLE: no-current-vocab ;
+
+: no-current-vocab ( -- vocab )
+    \ no-current-vocab boa
+    { { "Define words in scratchpad vocabulary" "scratchpad" } }
+    throw-restarts dup set-in ;
 
 : current-vocab ( -- str )
     in get [ no-current-vocab ] unless* ;
@@ -64,20 +69,36 @@ ERROR: no-current-vocab ;
 
 : CREATE-WORD ( -- word ) CREATE dup reset-generic ;
 
-: word-restarts ( possibilities -- restarts )
-    natural-sort [
-        [
-            "Use the " swap vocabulary>> " vocabulary" 3append
-        ] keep
-    ] { } map>assoc ;
+: word-restarts ( name possibilities -- restarts )
+    natural-sort
+    [ [ "Use the " swap vocabulary>> " vocabulary" 3append ] keep ] { } map>assoc
+    swap "Defer word in current vocabulary" swap 2array
+    suffix ;
 
 ERROR: no-word-error name ;
 
+: <no-word-error> ( name possibilities -- error restarts )
+    [ drop \ no-word-error boa ] [ word-restarts ] 2bi ;
+
+SYMBOL: amended-use
+
+SYMBOL: auto-use?
+
+: no-word-restarted ( restart-value -- word )
+    dup word? [
+        dup vocabulary>>
+        [ (use+) ]
+        [ amended-use get dup [ push ] [ 2drop ] if ]
+        [ "Added ``" swap "'' vocabulary to search path" 3append note. ]
+        tri
+    ] [ create-in ] if ;
+
 : no-word ( name -- newword )
-    dup \ no-word-error boa
-    swap words-named [ forward-reference? not ] filter
-    word-restarts throw-restarts
-    dup vocabulary>> (use+) ;
+    dup words-named [ forward-reference? not ] filter
+    dup length 1 = auto-use? get and
+    [ nip first no-word-restarted ]
+    [ <no-word-error> throw-restarts no-word-restarted ]
+    if ;
 
 : check-forward ( str word -- word/f )
     dup forward-reference? [
@@ -119,7 +140,7 @@ ERROR: staging-violation word ;
     } cond ;
 
 : (parse-until) ( accum end -- accum )
-    dup >r parse-step [ r> (parse-until) ] [ r> drop ] if ;
+    [ parse-step ] keep swap [ (parse-until) ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : parse-until ( end -- vec )
     100 <vector> swap (parse-until) ;
@@ -127,13 +148,15 @@ ERROR: staging-violation word ;
 : parsed ( accum obj -- accum ) over push ;
 
 : (parse-lines) ( lexer -- quot )
-    [ f parse-until >quotation ] with-lexer ;
+    [
+        f parse-until >quotation
+    ] with-lexer ;
 
 : parse-lines ( lines -- quot )
     lexer-factory get call (parse-lines) ;
 
 : parse-literal ( accum end quot -- accum )
-    >r parse-until r> call parsed ; inline
+    [ parse-until ] dip call parsed ; inline
 
 : parse-definition ( -- quot )
     \ ; parse-until >quotation ;
@@ -206,15 +229,19 @@ SYMBOL: interactive-vocabs
         call
     ] with-scope ; inline
 
+SYMBOL: print-use-hook
+
+print-use-hook global [ [ ] or ] change-at
+!
 : parse-fresh ( lines -- quot )
-    [ parse-lines ] with-file-vocabs ;
+    [
+        V{ } clone amended-use set
+        parse-lines
+        amended-use get empty? [ print-use-hook get call ] unless
+    ] with-file-vocabs ;
 
 : parsing-file ( file -- )
-    "quiet" get [
-        drop
-    ] [
-        "Loading " write print flush
-    ] if ;
+    "quiet" get [ drop ] [ "Loading " write print flush ] if ;
 
 : filter-moved ( assoc1 assoc2 -- seq )
     swap assoc-diff [
diff --git a/core/quotations/quotations-tests.factor b/core/quotations/quotations-tests.factor
index d311dfad71..29e1304334 100644
--- a/core/quotations/quotations-tests.factor
+++ b/core/quotations/quotations-tests.factor
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ IN: quotations.tests
 
 [ [ "hi" ] ] [ "hi" 1quotation ] unit-test
 
-! [ 1 \ + curry ] must-fail
+[ 1 \ + curry ] must-fail
diff --git a/core/quotations/quotations.factor b/core/quotations/quotations.factor
index 31e5e4753d..2df11d4858 100644
--- a/core/quotations/quotations.factor
+++ b/core/quotations/quotations.factor
@@ -49,7 +49,10 @@ M: wrapper literalize <wrapper> ;
 M: curry length quot>> length 1+ ;
 
 M: curry nth
-    over zero? [ nip obj>> literalize ] [ >r 1- r> quot>> nth ] if ;
+    over 0 =
+    [ nip obj>> literalize ]
+    [ [ 1- ] dip quot>> nth ]
+    if ;
 
 INSTANCE: curry immutable-sequence
 
diff --git a/core/sbufs/sbufs.factor b/core/sbufs/sbufs.factor
index e45d98a3df..5a30654f03 100644
--- a/core/sbufs/sbufs.factor
+++ b/core/sbufs/sbufs.factor
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ M: string new-resizable drop <sbuf> ;
 M: string like
     drop dup string? [
         dup sbuf? [
-            dup length over underlying>> length number= [
+            dup length over underlying>> length eq? [
                 underlying>> dup reset-string-hashcode
             ] [
                 >string
diff --git a/core/sequences/sequences-docs.factor b/core/sequences/sequences-docs.factor
index a75b97c040..cc8daba8c0 100644
--- a/core/sequences/sequences-docs.factor
+++ b/core/sequences/sequences-docs.factor
@@ -247,15 +247,15 @@ HELP: set-array-nth
 { $warning "This word is in the " { $vocab-link "sequences.private" } " vocabulary because it is unsafe. It does not check types or array bounds, and improper use can corrupt memory." } ;
 
 HELP: collect
-{ $values { "n" "a non-negative integer" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( n -- value )" } } { "into" "a sequence of length at least " { $snippet "n" } } }
+{ $values { "n" "a non-negative integer" } { "quot" { $quotation "( n -- value )" } } { "into" "a sequence of length at least " { $snippet "n" } } }
 { $description "A primitive mapping operation that applies a quotation to all integers from 0 up to but not including " { $snippet "n" } ", and collects the results in a new array. User code should use " { $link map } " instead." } ;
 
 HELP: each
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence in order." } ;
 
 HELP: reduce
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "identity" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "result" "the final result" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "identity" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "result" "the final result" } }
 { $description "Combines successive elements of the sequence using a binary operation, and outputs the final result. On the first iteration, the two inputs to the quotation are " { $snippet "identity" } ", and the first element of the sequence. On successive iterations, the first input is the result of the previous iteration, and the second input is the corresponding element of the sequence." }
 { $examples
     { $example "USING: math prettyprint sequences ;" "{ 1 5 3 } 0 [ + ] reduce ." "9" }
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ HELP: reduce-index
 } } ;
 
 HELP: accumulate
-{ $values { "identity" object } { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "final" "the final result" } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "identity" object } { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "final" "the final result" } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Combines successive elements of the sequence using a binary operation, and outputs a sequence of intermediate results together with the final result. On the first iteration, the two inputs to the quotation are " { $snippet "identity" } ", and the first element of the sequence. On successive iterations, the first input is the result of the previous iteration, and the second input is the corresponding element of the sequence."
 $nl
 "When given the empty sequence, outputs an empty sequence together with the " { $snippet "identity" } "." }
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ $nl
 } ;
 
 HELP: map
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( old -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence in order. The new elements are collected into a sequence of the same class as the input sequence." } ;
 
 HELP: map-as
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( old -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } { "exemplar" sequence } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } { "exemplar" sequence } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence in order. The new elements are collected into a sequence of the same class as " { $snippet "exemplar" } "." }
 { $examples
     "The following example converts a string into an array of one-element strings:"
@@ -311,13 +311,13 @@ HELP: map-index
 } } ;
 
 HELP: change-nth
-{ $values { "i" "a non-negative integer" } { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- newelt )" } } }
+{ $values { "i" "a non-negative integer" } { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- newelt )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to the " { $snippet "i" } "th element of the sequence, storing the result back into the sequence." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the sequence is immutable, if the index is out of bounds, or the sequence cannot hold elements of the type output by " { $snippet "quot" } "." }
 { $side-effects "seq" } ;
 
 HELP: change-each
-{ $values { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( old -- new )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element yielding a new element, storing the new elements back in the original sequence." }
 { $errors "Throws an error if the sequence is immutable, or the sequence cannot hold elements of the type output by " { $snippet "quot" } "." }
 { $side-effects "seq" } ;
@@ -331,79 +331,76 @@ HELP: max-length
 { $description "Outputs the maximum of the lengths of the two sequences." } ;
 
 HELP: 2each
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt1 elt2 -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt1 elt2 -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to pairs of elements from " { $snippet "seq1" } " and " { $snippet "seq2" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: 2reduce
 { $values { "seq1" sequence }
           { "seq2" sequence }
           { "identity" object }
-          { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect "
-                   { $snippet "( prev elt1 elt2 -- next )" } }
+          { "quot" { $quotation "( prev elt1 elt2 -- next )" } }
           { "result" "the final result" } }
 { $description "Combines successive pairs of elements from the two sequences using a ternary operation. The first input value at each iteration except the first one is the result of the previous iteration. The first input value at the first iteration is " { $snippet "identity" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: 2map
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt1 elt2 -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt1 elt2 -- new )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each pair of elements in turn, yielding new elements which are collected into a new sequence having the same class as " { $snippet "seq1" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: 2map-as
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt1 elt2 -- new )" } } { "exemplar" sequence } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt1 elt2 -- new )" } } { "exemplar" sequence } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each pair of elements in turn, yielding new elements which are collected into a new sequence having the same class as " { $snippet "exemplar" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: 2all?
-{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt1 elt2 -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "seq1" sequence } { "seq2" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt1 elt2 -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests the predicate pairwise against elements of " { $snippet "seq1" } " and " { $snippet "seq2" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: find
 { $values { "seq" sequence }
-          { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect "
-                   { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } }
-          { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" }
+          { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } }
+          { "i" "the index of the first match, or " { $link f } }
           { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "A simpler variant of " { $link find-from } " where the starting index is 0." } ;
 
 HELP: find-from
 { $values { "n" "a starting index" }
           { "seq" sequence }
-          { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect "
-                   { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } }
-          { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" }
+          { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } }
+          { "i" "the index of the first match, or " { $link f } }
           { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence in turn, until it outputs a true value or the end of the sequence is reached. If the quotation yields a true value for some sequence element, the word outputs the element index and the element itself. Otherwise, the word outputs an index of f and " { $link f } " as the element." } ;
 
 HELP: find-last
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" } { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" } { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "A simpler variant of " { $link find-last-from } " where the starting index is one less than the length of the sequence." } ;
 
 HELP: find-last-from
-{ $values { "n" "a starting index" } { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" } { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "n" "a starting index" } { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "i" "the index of the first match, or f" } { "elt" "the first matching element, or " { $link f } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the sequence in reverse order, until it outputs a true value or the start of the sequence is reached. If the quotation yields a true value for some sequence element, the word outputs the element index and the element itself. Otherwise, the word outputs an index of f and " { $link f } " as the element." } ;
 
 HELP: contains?
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if the sequence contains an element satisfying the predicate, by applying the predicate to each element in turn until a true value is found. If the sequence is empty or if the end of the sequence is reached, outputs " { $link f } "." } ;
 
 HELP: all?
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Tests if all elements in the sequence satisfy the predicate by checking each element in turn. Given an empty sequence, vacuously outputs " { $link t } "." } ;
 
 HELP: push-if
-{ $values { "elt" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "accum" "a resizable mutable sequence" } }
+{ $values { "elt" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "accum" "a resizable mutable sequence" } }
 { $description "Adds the element at the end of the sequence if the quotation yields a true value." } 
 { $notes "This word is a factor of " { $link filter } "." } ;
 
 HELP: filter
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } { "subseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } { "subseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element in turn, and outputs a new sequence containing the elements of the original sequence for which the quotation output a true value." } ;
 
 HELP: filter-here
-{ $values { "seq" "a resizable mutable sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- ? )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a resizable mutable sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- ? )" } } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element in turn, and removes elements for which the quotation outputs a false value." }
 { $side-effects "seq" } ;
 
 HELP: monotonic?
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt elt -- ? )" } } { "?" "a boolean" } }
 { $description "Applies the relation to successive pairs of elements in the sequence, testing for a truth value. The relation should be a transitive relation, such as a total order or an equality relation." }
 { $examples
     "Testing if a sequence is non-decreasing:"
@@ -415,12 +412,12 @@ HELP: monotonic?
 { monotonic? all-eq? all-equal? } related-words
 
 HELP: interleave
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "between" "a quotation" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( elt -- )" } } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "between" "a quotation" } { "quot" { $quotation "( elt -- )" } } }
 { $description "Applies " { $snippet "quot" } " to each element in turn, also invoking " { $snippet "between" } " in-between each pair of elements." }
 { $example "USING: io sequences ;" "{ \"a\" \"b\" \"c\" } [ \"X\" write ] [ write ] interleave" "aXbXc" } ;
 
 HELP: cache-nth
-{ $values { "i" "a non-negative integer" } { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( i -- elt )" } } { "elt" object } }
+{ $values { "i" "a non-negative integer" } { "seq" "a mutable sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( i -- elt )" } } { "elt" object } }
 { $description "If the sequence does not contain at least " { $snippet "i" } " elements or if the " { $snippet "i" } "th element of the sequence is " { $link f } ", calls the quotation to produce a new value, and stores it back into the sequence. Otherwise, this word outputs the " { $snippet "i" } "th element of the sequence." }
 { $side-effects "seq" } ;
 
@@ -584,7 +581,7 @@ HELP: reverse-here
 { $side-effects "seq" } ;
 
 HELP: padding
-{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "n" "a non-negative integer" } { "elt" object } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( seq1 seq2 -- newseq )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "n" "a non-negative integer" } { "elt" object } { "quot" { $quotation "( seq1 seq2 -- newseq )" } } { "newseq" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Outputs a new string sequence of " { $snippet "elt" } " repeated, that when appended to " { $snippet "seq" } ", yields a sequence of length " { $snippet "n" } ". If the length of " { $snippet "seq" } " is greater than " { $snippet "n" } ", this word outputs an empty sequence." } ;
 
 HELP: pad-left
@@ -841,7 +838,8 @@ HELP: unclip
 
 HELP: unclip-slice
 { $values { "seq" sequence } { "rest-slice" slice } { "first" object } }
-{ $description "Outputs a tail sequence and the first element of " { $snippet "seq" } "; the tail sequence consists of all elements of " { $snippet "seq" } " but the first. Unlike " { $link unclip } ", this word does not make a copy of the input sequence, and runs in constant time." } ;
+{ $description "Outputs a tail sequence and the first element of " { $snippet "seq" } "; the tail sequence consists of all elements of " { $snippet "seq" } " but the first. Unlike " { $link unclip } ", this word does not make a copy of the input sequence, and runs in constant time." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.order prettyprint sequences ;" "{ 3 -1 -10 5 7 } unclip-slice [ min ] reduce ." "-10" } } ;
 
 HELP: unclip-last
 { $values { "seq" sequence } { "butlast" sequence } { "last" object } }
@@ -873,7 +871,7 @@ HELP: supremum
 { $errors "Throws an error if the sequence is empty." } ;
 
 HELP: produce
-{ $values { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- ? )" } } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( -- obj )" } } { "tail" "a quotation" } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
+{ $values { "pred" { $quotation "( -- ? )" } } { "quot" { $quotation "( -- obj )" } } { "tail" "a quotation" } { "seq" "a sequence" } }
 { $description "Calls " { $snippet "pred" } " repeatedly. If the predicate yields " { $link f } ", stops, otherwise, calls " { $snippet "quot" } " to yield a value. Values are accumulated and returned in a sequence at the end." }
 { $examples
     "The following example divides a number by two until we reach zero, and accumulates intermediate results:"
diff --git a/core/sequences/sequences.factor b/core/sequences/sequences.factor
index 0fe47f0099..118969bd3c 100644
--- a/core/sequences/sequences.factor
+++ b/core/sequences/sequences.factor
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ GENERIC: like ( seq exemplar -- newseq ) flushable
 GENERIC: clone-like ( seq exemplar -- newseq ) flushable
 
 : new-like ( len exemplar quot -- seq )
-    over >r >r new-sequence r> call r> like ; inline
+    over [ [ new-sequence ] dip call ] dip like ; inline
 
 M: sequence like drop ;
 
@@ -101,24 +101,27 @@ M: integer nth-unsafe drop ;
 
 INSTANCE: integer immutable-sequence
 
+: first-unsafe
+    0 swap nth-unsafe ; inline
+
 : first2-unsafe
-    [ 0 swap nth-unsafe 1 ] [ nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
+    [ first-unsafe ] [ 1 swap nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
 
 : first3-unsafe
-    [ first2-unsafe 2 ] [ nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
+    [ first2-unsafe ] [ 2 swap nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
 
 : first4-unsafe
-    [ first3-unsafe 3 ] [ nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
+    [ first3-unsafe ] [ 3 swap nth-unsafe ] bi ; inline
 
 : exchange-unsafe ( m n seq -- )
-    [ tuck nth-unsafe >r nth-unsafe r> ] 3keep tuck
-    >r >r set-nth-unsafe r> r> set-nth-unsafe ; inline
+    [ tuck [ nth-unsafe ] 2bi@ ]
+    [ tuck [ set-nth-unsafe ] 2bi@ ] 3bi ; inline
 
 : (head) ( seq n -- from to seq ) 0 spin ; inline
 
 : (tail) ( seq n -- from to seq ) over length rot ; inline
 
-: from-end >r dup length r> - ; inline
+: from-end [ dup length ] dip - ; inline
 
 : (2sequence)
     tuck 1 swap set-nth-unsafe
@@ -188,9 +191,9 @@ TUPLE: slice
 { seq read-only } ;
 
 : collapse-slice ( m n slice -- m' n' seq )
-    [ from>> ] [ seq>> ] bi >r tuck + >r + r> r> ; inline
+    [ from>> ] [ seq>> ] bi [ tuck [ + ] 2bi@ ] dip ; inline
 
-ERROR: slice-error reason ;
+ERROR: slice-error from to seq reason ;
 
 : check-slice ( from to seq -- from to seq )
     pick 0 < [ "start < 0" slice-error ] when
@@ -253,12 +256,12 @@ INSTANCE: repetition immutable-sequence
 
 : prepare-subseq ( from to seq -- dst i src j n )
     #! The check-length call forces partial dispatch
-    [ >r swap - r> new-sequence dup 0 ] 3keep
+    [ [ swap - ] dip new-sequence dup 0 ] 3keep
     -rot drop roll length check-length ; inline
 
 : check-copy ( src n dst -- )
     over 0 < [ bounds-error ] when
-    >r swap length + r> lengthen ; inline
+    [ swap length + ] dip lengthen ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -279,11 +282,11 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : copy ( src i dst -- )
     #! The check-length call forces partial dispatch
-    pick length check-length >r 3dup check-copy spin 0 r>
+    pick length check-length [ 3dup check-copy spin 0 ] dip
     (copy) drop ; inline
 
 M: sequence clone-like
-    >r dup length r> new-sequence [ 0 swap copy ] keep ;
+    [ dup length ] dip new-sequence [ 0 swap copy ] keep ;
 
 M: immutable-sequence clone-like like ;
 
@@ -291,31 +294,31 @@ M: immutable-sequence clone-like like ;
 
 <PRIVATE
 
-: ((append)) ( seq1 seq2 accum -- accum )
-    [ >r over length r> copy ]
-    [ 0 swap copy ] 
+: (append) ( seq1 seq2 accum -- accum )
+    [ [ over length ] dip copy ]
+    [ 0 swap copy ]
     [ ] tri ; inline
 
-: (append) ( seq1 seq2 exemplar -- newseq )
-    >r over length over length + r>
-    [ ((append)) ] new-like ; inline
-
-: (3append) ( seq1 seq2 seq3 exemplar -- newseq )
-    >r pick length pick length pick length + + r> [
-        [ >r pick length pick length + r> copy ]
-        [ ((append)) ] bi
-    ] new-like ; inline
-
 PRIVATE>
 
-: append ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq ) over (append) ;
+: append-as ( seq1 seq2 exemplar -- newseq )
+    [ over length over length + ] dip
+    [ (append) ] new-like ; inline
+
+: 3append-as ( seq1 seq2 seq3 exemplar -- newseq )
+    [ pick length pick length pick length + + ] dip [
+        [ [ pick length pick length + ] dip copy ]
+        [ (append) ] bi
+    ] new-like ; inline
+
+: append ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq ) over append-as ;
 
 : prepend ( seq1 seq2 -- newseq ) swap append ; inline
 
-: 3append ( seq1 seq2 seq3 -- newseq ) pick (3append) ;
+: 3append ( seq1 seq2 seq3 -- newseq ) pick 3append-as ;
 
 : change-nth ( i seq quot -- )
-    [ >r nth r> call ] 3keep drop set-nth ; inline
+    [ [ nth ] dip call ] 3keep drop set-nth ; inline
 
 : min-length ( seq1 seq2 -- n ) [ length ] bi@ min ; inline
 
@@ -324,32 +327,32 @@ PRIVATE>
 <PRIVATE
 
 : (each) ( seq quot -- n quot' )
-    >r dup length swap [ nth-unsafe ] curry r> compose ; inline
+    [ dup length swap [ nth-unsafe ] curry ] dip compose ; inline
 
 : (collect) ( quot into -- quot' )
-    [ >r keep r> set-nth-unsafe ] 2curry ; inline
+    [ [ keep ] dip set-nth-unsafe ] 2curry ; inline
 
 : collect ( n quot into -- )
     (collect) each-integer ; inline
 
 : map-into ( seq quot into -- )
-    >r (each) r> collect ; inline
+    [ (each) ] dip collect ; inline
 
 : 2nth-unsafe ( n seq1 seq2 -- elt1 elt2 )
-    >r over r> nth-unsafe >r nth-unsafe r> ; inline
+    [ over ] dip nth-unsafe [ nth-unsafe ] dip ; inline
 
 : (2each) ( seq1 seq2 quot -- n quot' )
-    >r [ min-length ] 2keep r>
-    [ >r 2nth-unsafe r> call ] 3curry ; inline
+    [ [ min-length ] 2keep ] dip
+    [ [ 2nth-unsafe ] dip call ] 3curry ; inline
 
 : 2map-into ( seq1 seq2 quot into -- newseq )
-    >r (2each) r> collect ; inline
+    [ (2each) ] dip collect ; inline
 
 : finish-find ( i seq -- i elt )
     over [ dupd nth-unsafe ] [ drop f ] if ; inline
 
 : (find) ( seq quot quot' -- i elt )
-    pick >r >r (each) r> call r> finish-find ; inline
+    pick [ [ (each) ] dip call ] dip finish-find ; inline
 
 : (find-from) ( n seq quot quot' -- i elt )
     [ 2dup bounds-check? ] 2dip
@@ -373,7 +376,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     swapd each ; inline
 
 : map-as ( seq quot exemplar -- newseq )
-    >r over length r> [ [ map-into ] keep ] new-like ; inline
+    [ over length ] dip [ [ map-into ] keep ] new-like ; inline
 
 : map ( seq quot -- newseq )
     over map-as ; inline
@@ -382,7 +385,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     [ drop ] prepose map ; inline
 
 : replicate-as ( seq quot exemplar -- newseq )
-    >r [ drop ] prepose r> map-as ; inline
+    [ [ drop ] prepose ] dip map-as ; inline
 
 : change-each ( seq quot -- )
     over map-into ; inline
@@ -394,13 +397,13 @@ PRIVATE>
     (2each) each-integer ; inline
 
 : 2reverse-each ( seq1 seq2 quot -- )
-    >r [ <reversed> ] bi@ r> 2each ; inline
+    [ [ <reversed> ] bi@ ] dip 2each ; inline
 
 : 2reduce ( seq1 seq2 identity quot -- result )
-    >r -rot r> 2each ; inline
+    [ -rot ] dip 2each ; inline
 
 : 2map-as ( seq1 seq2 quot exemplar -- newseq )
-    >r 2over min-length r>
+    [ 2over min-length ] dip
     [ [ 2map-into ] keep ] new-like ; inline
 
 : 2map ( seq1 seq2 quot -- newseq )
@@ -422,49 +425,49 @@ PRIVATE>
     [ nip find-last-integer ] (find-from) ; inline
 
 : find-last ( seq quot -- i elt )
-    [ >r 1- r> find-last-integer ] (find) ; inline
+    [ [ 1- ] dip find-last-integer ] (find) ; inline
 
 : all? ( seq quot -- ? )
     (each) all-integers? ; inline
 
 : push-if ( elt quot accum -- )
-    >r keep r> rot [ push ] [ 2drop ] if  ; inline
+    [ keep ] dip rot [ push ] [ 2drop ] if ; inline
 
 : pusher ( quot -- quot accum )
     V{ } clone [ [ push-if ] 2curry ] keep ; inline
 
 : filter ( seq quot -- subseq )
-    over >r pusher >r each r> r> like ; inline
+    over [ pusher [ each ] dip ] dip like ; inline
 
 : push-either ( elt quot accum1 accum2 -- )
-    >r >r keep swap r> r> ? push ; inline
+    [ keep swap ] 2dip ? push ; inline
 
 : 2pusher ( quot -- quot accum1 accum2 )
     V{ } clone V{ } clone [ [ push-either ] 3curry ] 2keep ; inline
 
 : partition ( seq quot -- trueseq falseseq )
-    over >r 2pusher >r >r each r> r> r> tuck [ like ] 2bi@ ; inline
+    over [ 2pusher [ each ] 2dip ] dip tuck [ like ] 2bi@ ; inline
 
 : monotonic? ( seq quot -- ? )
-    >r dup length 1- swap r> (monotonic) all? ; inline
+    [ dup length 1- swap ] dip (monotonic) all? ; inline
 
 : interleave ( seq between quot -- )
-    [ (interleave) ] 2curry >r dup length swap r> 2each ; inline
+    [ (interleave) ] 2curry [ dup length swap ] dip 2each ; inline
 
 : accumulator ( quot -- quot' vec )
     V{ } clone [ [ push ] curry compose ] keep ; inline
 
 : produce-as ( pred quot tail exemplar -- seq )
-    >r swap accumulator >r swap while r> r> like ; inline
+    [ swap accumulator [ swap while ] dip ] dip like ; inline
 
 : produce ( pred quot tail -- seq )
     { } produce-as ; inline
 
 : follow ( obj quot -- seq )
-    >r [ dup ] r> [ keep ] curry [ ] produce nip ; inline
+    [ dup ] swap [ keep ] curry [ ] produce nip ; inline
 
 : prepare-index ( seq quot -- seq n quot )
-    >r dup length r> ; inline
+    [ dup length ] dip ; inline
 
 : each-index ( seq quot -- )
     prepare-index 2each ; inline
@@ -518,9 +521,9 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : cache-nth ( i seq quot -- elt )
     2over ?nth dup [
-        >r 3drop r>
+        [ 3drop ] dip
     ] [
-        drop swap >r over >r call dup r> r> set-nth
+        drop swap [ over [ call dup ] dip ] dip set-nth
     ] if ; inline
 
 : mismatch ( seq1 seq2 -- i )
@@ -575,14 +578,14 @@ PRIVATE>
     [ eq? not ] with filter-here ;
 
 : prefix ( seq elt -- newseq )
-    over >r over length 1+ r> [
+    over [ over length 1+ ] dip [
         [ 0 swap set-nth-unsafe ] keep
         [ 1 swap copy ] keep
     ] new-like ;
 
 : suffix ( seq elt -- newseq )
-    over >r over length 1+ r> [
-        [ >r over length r> set-nth-unsafe ] keep
+    over [ over length 1+ ] dip [
+        [ [ over length ] dip set-nth-unsafe ] keep
         [ 0 swap copy ] keep
     ] new-like ;
 
@@ -596,7 +599,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     2over = [
         2drop 2drop
     ] [
-        [ >r 2over + pick r> move >r 1+ r> ] keep
+        [ [ 2over + pick ] dip move [ 1+ ] dip ] keep
         move-backward
     ] if ;
 
@@ -604,15 +607,15 @@ PRIVATE>
     2over = [
         2drop 2drop
     ] [
-        [ >r pick >r dup dup r> + swap r> move 1- ] keep
+        [ [ pick [ dup dup ] dip + swap ] dip move 1- ] keep
         move-forward
     ] if ;
 
 : (open-slice) ( shift from to seq ? -- )
     [
-        >r [ 1- ] bi@ r> move-forward
+        [ [ 1- ] bi@ ] dip move-forward
     ] [
-        >r >r over - r> r> move-backward
+        [ over - ] 2dip move-backward
     ] if ;
 
 PRIVATE>
@@ -621,19 +624,19 @@ PRIVATE>
     pick 0 = [
         3drop
     ] [
-        pick over length + over >r >r
-        pick 0 > >r [ length ] keep r> (open-slice)
-        r> r> set-length
+        pick over length + over
+        [ pick 0 > [ [ length ] keep ] dip (open-slice) ] 2dip
+        set-length
     ] if ;
 
 : delete-slice ( from to seq -- )
-    check-slice >r over >r - r> r> open-slice ;
+    check-slice [ over [ - ] dip ] dip open-slice ;
 
 : delete-nth ( n seq -- )
-    >r dup 1+ r> delete-slice ;
+    [ dup 1+ ] dip delete-slice ;
 
 : replace-slice ( new from to seq -- )
-    [ >r >r dup pick length + r> - over r> open-slice ] keep
+    [ [ [ dup pick length + ] dip - over ] dip open-slice ] keep
     copy ;
 
 : remove-nth ( n seq -- seq' )
@@ -652,7 +655,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : reverse-here ( seq -- )
     dup length dup 2/ [
-        >r 2dup r>
+        [ 2dup ] dip
         tuck - 1- rot exchange-unsafe
     ] each 2drop ;
 
@@ -679,7 +682,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 <PRIVATE
 
 : joined-length ( seq glue -- n )
-    >r dup sum-lengths swap length 1 [-] r> length * + ;
+    [ dup sum-lengths swap length 1 [-] ] dip length * + ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
@@ -696,7 +699,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     ] dip compose if ; inline
 
 : pad-left ( seq n elt -- padded )
-    [ swap dup (append) ] padding ;
+    [ swap dup append-as ] padding ;
 
 : pad-right ( seq n elt -- padded )
     [ append ] padding ;
@@ -735,12 +738,12 @@ PRIVATE>
         >fixnum {
             [ drop nip ]
             [ 2drop first ]
-            [ >r drop first2 r> call ]
-            [ >r drop first3 r> bi@ ]
+            [ [ drop first2 ] dip call ]
+            [ [ drop first3 ] dip bi@ ]
         } dispatch
     ] [
         drop
-        >r >r halves r> r>
+        [ halves ] 2dip
         [ [ binary-reduce ] 2curry bi@ ] keep
         call
     ] if ; inline recursive
@@ -755,7 +758,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : (start) ( subseq seq n -- subseq seq ? )
     pick length [
-        >r 3dup r> [ + swap nth-unsafe ] keep rot nth-unsafe =
+        [ 3dup ] dip [ + swap nth-unsafe ] keep rot nth-unsafe =
     ] all? nip ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
@@ -763,7 +766,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 : start* ( subseq seq n -- i )
     pick length pick length swap - 1+
     [ (start) ] find-from
-    swap >r 3drop r> ;
+    swap [ 3drop ] dip ;
 
 : start ( subseq seq -- i ) 0 start* ; inline
 
@@ -771,16 +774,16 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : drop-prefix ( seq1 seq2 -- slice1 slice2 )
     2dup mismatch [ 2dup min-length ] unless*
-    tuck tail-slice >r tail-slice r> ;
+    tuck [ tail-slice ] 2bi@ ;
 
 : unclip ( seq -- rest first )
-    [ rest ] [ first ] bi ;
+    [ rest ] [ first-unsafe ] bi ;
 
 : unclip-last ( seq -- butlast last )
     [ but-last ] [ peek ] bi ;
 
 : unclip-slice ( seq -- rest-slice first )
-    [ rest-slice ] [ first ] bi ; inline
+    [ rest-slice ] [ first-unsafe ] bi ; inline
 
 : 2unclip-slice ( seq1 seq2 -- rest-slice1 rest-slice2 first1 first2 )
     [ unclip-slice ] bi@ swapd ; inline
@@ -801,14 +804,14 @@ PRIVATE>
     inline
 
 : trim-left-slice ( seq quot -- slice )
-    over >r [ not ] compose find drop r> swap
+    over [ [ not ] compose find drop ] dip swap
     [ tail-slice ] [ dup length tail-slice ] if* ; inline
     
 : trim-left ( seq quot -- newseq )
     over [ trim-left-slice ] dip like ; inline
 
 : trim-right-slice ( seq quot -- slice )
-    over >r [ not ] compose find-last drop r> swap
+    over [ [ not ] compose find-last drop ] dip swap
     [ 1+ head-slice ] [ 0 head-slice ] if* ; inline
 
 : trim-right ( seq quot -- newseq )
diff --git a/core/slots/slots-docs.factor b/core/slots/slots-docs.factor
index d2d7dc1102..c9ce334388 100644
--- a/core/slots/slots-docs.factor
+++ b/core/slots/slots-docs.factor
@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@ HELP: set-slot ( value obj n -- )
 { $warning "This word is in the " { $vocab-link "slots.private" } " vocabulary because it does not perform type or bounds checks, and slot numbers are implementation detail." } ;
 
 HELP: slot-named
-{ $values { "name" string } { "specs" "a sequence of " { $link slot-spec } " instances" } { "spec/f" "a " { $link slot-spec } " or " { $link f } } }
+{ $values { "name" string } { "specs" "a sequence of " { $link slot-spec } " instances" } { "spec/f" { $maybe slot-spec } } }
 { $description "Outputs the " { $link slot-spec } " with the given name." } ;
diff --git a/core/slots/slots-tests.factor b/core/slots/slots-tests.factor
index 4f4a0cadad..767cec4830 100644
--- a/core/slots/slots-tests.factor
+++ b/core/slots/slots-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 IN: slots.tests
 USING: math accessors slots strings generic.standard kernel
-tools.test generic words parser eval ;
+tools.test generic words parser eval math.functions ;
 
 TUPLE: r/w-test foo ;
 
@@ -34,3 +34,18 @@ TUPLE: hello length ;
 
 [ f ] [ r/w-test \ foo>> method "foldable" word-prop ] unit-test
 [ t ] [ r/w-test \ foo>> method "flushable" word-prop ] unit-test
+
+! Test protocol slots
+SLOT: my-protocol-slot-test
+
+TUPLE: protocol-slot-test-tuple x ;
+
+M: protocol-slot-test-tuple my-protocol-slot-test>> x>> sq ;
+M: protocol-slot-test-tuple (>>my-protocol-slot-test) [ sqrt ] dip (>>x) ;
+
+[ 9 ] [ T{ protocol-slot-test-tuple { x 3 } } my-protocol-slot-test>> ] unit-test
+
+[ 4.0 ] [
+    T{ protocol-slot-test-tuple { x 3 } } clone
+    [ 7 + ] change-my-protocol-slot-test x>>
+] unit-test
diff --git a/core/slots/slots.factor b/core/slots/slots.factor
index d4ae60ca94..35aa49d053 100644
--- a/core/slots/slots.factor
+++ b/core/slots/slots.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: arrays byte-arrays kernel kernel.private math namespaces
 make sequences strings words effects generic generic.standard
 classes classes.algebra slots.private combinators accessors
-words sequences.private assocs alien ;
+words sequences.private assocs alien quotations ;
 IN: slots
 
 TUPLE: slot-spec name offset class initial read-only ;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ PREDICATE: writer < word "writer" word-prop ;
     3bi ;
 
 : create-accessor ( name effect -- word )
-    >r "accessors" create dup r>
+    [ "accessors" create dup ] dip
     "declared-effect" set-word-prop ;
 
 : reader-quot ( slot-spec -- quot )
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ERROR: bad-slot-value value class ;
     offset>> , \ set-slot , ;
 
 : writer-quot/coerce ( slot-spec -- )
-    [ \ >r , class>> "coercer" word-prop % \ r> , ]
+    [ class>> "coercer" word-prop [ dip ] curry % ]
     [ offset>> , \ set-slot , ]
     bi ;
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ ERROR: bad-slot-value value class ;
     bi ;
 
 : writer-quot/fixnum ( slot-spec -- )
-    [ >r >fixnum r> ] % writer-quot/check ;
+    [ [ >fixnum ] dip ] % writer-quot/check ;
 
 : writer-quot ( slot-spec -- quot )
     [
@@ -97,20 +97,20 @@ ERROR: bad-slot-value value class ;
 : setter-word ( name -- word )
     ">>" prepend (( object value -- object )) create-accessor ;
 
-: define-setter ( slot-spec -- )
-    name>> dup setter-word dup deferred? [
+: define-setter ( name -- )
+    dup setter-word dup deferred? [
         [ \ over , swap writer-word , ] [ ] make define-inline
     ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : changer-word ( name -- word )
     "change-" prepend (( object quot -- object )) create-accessor ;
 
-: define-changer ( slot-spec -- )
-    name>> dup changer-word dup deferred? [
+: define-changer ( name -- )
+    dup changer-word dup deferred? [
         [
-            [ over >r >r ] %
-            over reader-word ,
-            [ r> call r> swap ] %
+            \ over ,
+            over reader-word 1quotation
+            [ dip call ] curry [ dip swap ] curry %
             swap setter-word ,
         ] [ ] make define-inline
     ] [ 2drop ] if ;
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ ERROR: bad-slot-value value class ;
     [ define-reader ]
     [
         dup read-only>> [ 2drop ] [
-            [ define-setter drop ]
-            [ define-changer drop ]
+            [ name>> define-setter drop ]
+            [ name>> define-changer drop ]
             [ define-writer ]
             2tri
         ] if
@@ -131,10 +131,10 @@ ERROR: bad-slot-value value class ;
 
 : define-protocol-slot ( name -- )
     {
-        [ reader-word drop ]
-        [ writer-word drop ]
-        [ setter-word drop ]
-        [ changer-word drop ]
+        [ reader-word define-simple-generic ]
+        [ writer-word define-simple-generic ]
+        [ define-setter ]
+        [ define-changer ]
     } cleave ;
 
 ERROR: no-initial-value class ;
diff --git a/core/sorting/sorting-docs.factor b/core/sorting/sorting-docs.factor
index 036ff2f759..6ea1485425 100644
--- a/core/sorting/sorting-docs.factor
+++ b/core/sorting/sorting-docs.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ $nl
 ABOUT: "sequences-sorting"
 
 HELP: sort
-{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( obj1 obj2 -- <=> )" } } { "sortedseq" "a new sorted sequence" } }
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj1 obj2 -- <=> )" } } { "sortedseq" "a new sorted sequence" } }
 { $description "Sorts the elements into a new array." } ;
 
 HELP: sort-keys
diff --git a/core/sorting/sorting.factor b/core/sorting/sorting.factor
index b57e661624..47399b6176 100644
--- a/core/sorting/sorting.factor
+++ b/core/sorting/sorting.factor
@@ -25,20 +25,20 @@ TUPLE: merge
 
 : dump ( from to seq accum -- )
     #! Optimize common case where to - from = 1, 2, or 3.
-    >r >r 2dup swap - r> r> pick 1 = 
-    [ >r >r 2drop r> nth-unsafe r> push ] [
+    [ 2dup swap - ] 2dip pick 1 = 
+    [ [ [ 2drop ] dip nth-unsafe ] dip push ] [
         pick 2 = [
-            >r >r 2drop dup 1+
-            r> [ nth-unsafe ] curry bi@
-            r> [ push ] curry bi@
+            [
+                [ 2drop dup 1+ ] dip
+                [ nth-unsafe ] curry bi@
+            ] dip [ push ] curry bi@
         ] [
             pick 3 = [
-                >r >r 2drop dup 1+ dup 1+
-                r> [ nth-unsafe ] curry tri@
-                r> [ push ] curry tri@
-            ] [
-                >r nip subseq r> push-all
-            ] if
+                [
+                    [ 2drop dup 1+ dup 1+ ] dip
+                    [ nth-unsafe ] curry tri@
+                ] dip [ push ] curry tri@
+            ] [ [ nip subseq ] dip push-all ] if
         ] if
     ] if ; inline
 
diff --git a/core/sorting/tags.txt b/core/sorting/tags.txt
index 42d711b32b..1e3d675068 100644
--- a/core/sorting/tags.txt
+++ b/core/sorting/tags.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 collections
+algorithms
diff --git a/core/splitting/splitting-docs.factor b/core/splitting/splitting-docs.factor
index 472b303059..354df832ca 100644
--- a/core/splitting/splitting-docs.factor
+++ b/core/splitting/splitting-docs.factor
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ ARTICLE: "sequences-split" "Splitting sequences"
 { $subsection ?tail }
 { $subsection ?tail-slice }
 { $subsection split1 }
+{ $subsection split1-slice }
+{ $subsection split1-last }
+{ $subsection split1-last-slice }
 { $subsection split }
 "Splitting a string into lines:"
 { $subsection string-lines } ;
@@ -18,11 +21,19 @@ HELP: split1
 { $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "subseq" "a sequence" } { "before" "a new sequence" } { "after" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Splits " { $snippet "seq" } " at the first occurrence of " { $snippet "subseq" } ", and outputs the pieces before and after the split. If " { $snippet "subseq" } " does not occur in " { $snippet "seq" } ", then " { $snippet "before" } " is just " { $snippet "seq" } " and " { $snippet "after" } " is " { $link f } "." } ;
 
-HELP: last-split1
+HELP: split1-slice
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "subseq" "a sequence" } { "before-slice" slice } { "after-slice" slice } }
+{ $description "Splits " { $snippet "seq" } " at the first occurrence of " { $snippet "subseq" } ", and outputs the pieces before and after the split as slices. If " { $snippet "subseq" } " does not occur in " { $snippet "seq" } ", then " { $snippet "before" } " is just " { $snippet "seq" } " and " { $snippet "after" } " is " { $link f } "." } ;
+
+HELP: split1-last
 { $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "subseq" "a sequence" } { "before" "a new sequence" } { "after" "a new sequence" } }
 { $description "Splits " { $snippet "seq" } " at the last occurrence of " { $snippet "subseq" } ", and outputs the pieces before and after the split. If " { $snippet "subseq" } " does not occur in " { $snippet "seq" } ", then " { $snippet "before" } " is just " { $snippet "seq" } " and " { $snippet "after" } " is " { $link f } "." } ;
 
-{ split1 last-split1 } related-words
+HELP: split1-last-slice
+{ $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "subseq" "a sequence" } { "before-slice" slice } { "after-slice" slice } }
+{ $description "Splits " { $snippet "seq" } " at the last occurrence of " { $snippet "subseq" } ", and outputs the pieces before and after the split as slices. If " { $snippet "subseq" } " does not occur in " { $snippet "seq" } ", then " { $snippet "before" } " is just " { $snippet "seq" } " and " { $snippet "after" } " is " { $link f } "." } ;
+
+{ split1 split1-slice split1-last split1-last-slice } related-words
 
 HELP: split
 { $values { "seq" "a sequence" } { "separators" "a sequence" } { "pieces" "a new array" } }
diff --git a/core/splitting/splitting-tests.factor b/core/splitting/splitting-tests.factor
index 0f3dbdea1b..ed68038fa6 100644
--- a/core/splitting/splitting-tests.factor
+++ b/core/splitting/splitting-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-USING: splitting tools.test kernel sequences arrays ;
+USING: splitting tools.test kernel sequences arrays strings ;
 IN: splitting.tests
 
 [ "hello" "world ." ] [ "hello world ." " " split1 ] unit-test
@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@ IN: splitting.tests
 [ "goodbye" f ] [ "goodbye" " " split1 ] unit-test
 [ "" "" ] [ "great" "great" split1 ] unit-test
 
-[ "hello world" "." ] [ "hello world ." " " last-split1 ] unit-test
-[ "hello-+world" "." ] [ "hello-+world-+." "-+" last-split1 ] unit-test
-[ "goodbye" f ] [ "goodbye" " " last-split1 ] unit-test
-[ "" "" ] [ "great" "great" last-split1 ] unit-test
+[ "hello world" "." ] [ "hello world ." " " split1-last ] unit-test
+[ "hello-+world" "." ] [ "hello-+world-+." "-+" split1-last ] unit-test
+[ "goodbye" f ] [ "goodbye" " " split1-last ] unit-test
+[ "" "" ] [ "great" "great" split1-last ] unit-test
+
+[ "hello world" "." ] [ "hello world ." " " split1-last-slice [ >string ] bi@ ] unit-test
+[ "hello-+world" "." ] [ "hello-+world-+." "-+" split1-last-slice [ >string ] bi@ ] unit-test
+[ "goodbye" f ] [ "goodbye" " " split1-last-slice [ >string ] dip ] unit-test
+[ "" f ] [ "great" "great" split1-last-slice [ >string ] dip ] unit-test
 
 [ "and end" t ] [ "Beginning and end" "Beginning " ?head ] unit-test
 [ "Beginning and end" f ] [ "Beginning and end" "Beginning x" ?head ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/splitting/splitting.factor b/core/splitting/splitting.factor
index aac32784a1..29fee2e5c3 100644
--- a/core/splitting/splitting.factor
+++ b/core/splitting/splitting.factor
@@ -18,15 +18,26 @@ IN: splitting
 
 : split1 ( seq subseq -- before after )
     dup pick start dup [
-        [ >r over r> head -rot length ] keep + tail
+        [ [ over ] dip head -rot length ] keep + tail
     ] [
         2drop f
     ] if ;
 
-: last-split1 ( seq subseq -- before after )
+: split1-slice ( seq subseq -- before-slice after-slice )
+    dup pick start dup [
+        [ [ over ] dip head-slice -rot length ] keep + tail-slice
+    ] [
+        2drop f
+    ] if ;
+
+: split1-last ( seq subseq -- before after )
     [ <reversed> ] bi@ split1 [ reverse ] bi@
     dup [ swap ] when ;
 
+: split1-last-slice ( seq subseq -- before-slice after-slice )
+    [ <reversed> ] bi@ split1-slice [ <reversed> ] bi@
+    [ f ] [ swap ] if-empty ;
+
 : (split) ( separators n seq -- )
     3dup rot [ member? ] curry find-from drop
     [ [ swap subseq , ] 2keep 1+ swap (split) ]
diff --git a/core/strings/parser/parser.factor b/core/strings/parser/parser.factor
index 2695860a59..cfe5d1a90a 100644
--- a/core/strings/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/core/strings/parser/parser.factor
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ name>char-hook global [
 : unicode-escape ( str -- ch str' )
     "{" ?head-slice [
         CHAR: } over index cut-slice
-        >r >string name>char-hook get call r>
+        [ >string name>char-hook get call ] dip
         rest-slice
     ] [
-        6 cut-slice >r hex> r>
+        6 cut-slice [ hex> ] dip
     ] if ;
 
 : next-escape ( str -- ch str' )
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ name>char-hook global [
 
 : (parse-string) ( str -- m )
     dup [ "\"\\" member? ] find dup [
-        >r cut-slice >r % r> rest-slice r>
+        [ cut-slice [ % ] dip rest-slice ] dip
         dup CHAR: " = [
             drop from>>
         ] [
-            drop next-escape >r , r> (parse-string)
+            drop next-escape [ , ] dip (parse-string)
         ] if
     ] [
         "Unterminated string" throw
diff --git a/core/strings/strings.factor b/core/strings/strings.factor
index 8ff5a7caf4..39628ede98 100644
--- a/core/strings/strings.factor
+++ b/core/strings/strings.factor
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 M: string equal?
     over string? [
-        over hashcode over hashcode number=
+        over hashcode over hashcode eq?
         [ sequence= ] [ 2drop f ] if
     ] [
         2drop f
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ M: string length
     length>> ;
 
 M: string nth-unsafe
-    >r >fixnum r> string-nth ;
+    [ >fixnum ] dip string-nth ;
 
 M: string set-nth-unsafe
     dup reset-string-hashcode
-    >r >fixnum >r >fixnum r> r> set-string-nth ;
+    [ [ >fixnum ] dip >fixnum ] dip set-string-nth ;
 
 M: string clone
     (clone) [ clone ] change-aux ;
diff --git a/core/syntax/syntax.factor b/core/syntax/syntax.factor
index 105bdc325f..c951750b34 100644
--- a/core/syntax/syntax.factor
+++ b/core/syntax/syntax.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
     "syntax" lookup t "delimiter" set-word-prop ;
 
 : define-syntax ( name quot -- )
-    >r "syntax" lookup dup r> define t "parsing" set-word-prop ;
+    [ "syntax" lookup dup ] dip define make-parsing ;
 
 [
     { "]" "}" ";" ">>" } [ define-delimiter ] each
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
     "CHAR:" [
         scan {
             { [ dup length 1 = ] [ first ] }
-            { [ "\\" ?head ] [ next-escape drop ] }
+            { [ "\\" ?head ] [ next-escape >string "" assert= ] }
             [ name>char-hook get call ]
         } cond parsed
     ] define-syntax
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
     "foldable" [ word make-foldable ] define-syntax
     "flushable" [ word make-flushable ] define-syntax
     "delimiter" [ word t "delimiter" set-word-prop ] define-syntax
-    "parsing" [ word t "parsing" set-word-prop ] define-syntax
+    "parsing" [ word make-parsing ] define-syntax
 
     "SYMBOL:" [
         CREATE-WORD define-symbol
@@ -145,9 +145,10 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
     ] define-syntax
 
     "INSTANCE:" [
-        location >r
-        scan-word scan-word 2dup add-mixin-instance
-        <mixin-instance> r> remember-definition
+        location [
+            scan-word scan-word 2dup add-mixin-instance
+            <mixin-instance>
+        ] dip remember-definition
     ] define-syntax
 
     "PREDICATE:" [
@@ -202,13 +203,12 @@ IN: bootstrap.syntax
     ] define-syntax
 
     "call-next-method" [
-        current-class get current-generic get
-        2dup [ word? ] both? [
-            [ literalize parsed ] bi@
+        current-method get [
+            literalize parsed
             \ (call-next-method) parsed
         ] [
             not-in-a-method-error
-        ] if
+        ] if*
     ] define-syntax
     
     "initial:" "syntax" lookup define-symbol
diff --git a/core/system/system-docs.factor b/core/system/system-docs.factor
index acd42b094f..ab17ce2be9 100644
--- a/core/system/system-docs.factor
+++ b/core/system/system-docs.factor
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ ARTICLE: "system" "System interface"
 { $subsection vm }
 { $subsection image }
 "Getting the current time:"
+{ $subsection micros }
 { $subsection millis }
 "Exiting the Factor VM:"
 { $subsection exit } ;
@@ -64,8 +65,13 @@ HELP: exit ( n -- )
 { $values { "n" "an integer exit code" } }
 { $description "Exits the Factor process." } ;
 
-HELP: millis ( -- n )
-{ $values { "n" integer } }
+HELP: micros ( -- us )
+{ $values { "us" integer } }
+{ $description "Outputs the number of microseconds ellapsed since midnight January 1, 1970." }
+{ $notes "This is a low-level word. The " { $vocab-link "calendar" } " vocabulary provides features for date/time arithmetic and formatting." } ;
+
+HELP: millis ( -- ms )
+{ $values { "ms" integer } }
 { $description "Outputs the number of milliseconds ellapsed since midnight January 1, 1970." }
 { $notes "This is a low-level word. The " { $vocab-link "calendar" } " vocabulary provides features for date/time arithmetic and formatting." } ;
 
diff --git a/core/system/system.factor b/core/system/system.factor
index 66662a23e1..2d8ed1b657 100644
--- a/core/system/system.factor
+++ b/core/system/system.factor
@@ -65,3 +65,5 @@ PRIVATE>
 ] "system" add-init-hook
 
 : embedded? ( -- ? ) 15 getenv ;
+
+: millis ( -- ms ) micros 1000 /i ;
diff --git a/core/vectors/vectors-tests.factor b/core/vectors/vectors-tests.factor
index 4f9bba3483..f2e29d79e8 100644
--- a/core/vectors/vectors-tests.factor
+++ b/core/vectors/vectors-tests.factor
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ IN: vectors.tests
 
 [ t ] [
     V{ 1 2 3 4 } dup underlying>> length
-    >r clone underlying>> length r>
+    [ clone underlying>> length ] dip
     =
 ] unit-test
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ IN: vectors.tests
 [ 4 ] [ 5 V{ 1 2 3 4 5 } index ] unit-test
 
 [ t ] [
-    100 >array dup >vector <reversed> >array >r reverse r> =
+    100 >array dup >vector <reversed> >array [ reverse ] dip =
 ] unit-test
 
 [ fixnum ] [ 1 >bignum V{ } new-sequence length class ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-docs.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-docs.factor
index ebaf8b3c8f..ce3b5ea024 100644
--- a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-docs.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-docs.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
-USING: vocabs help.markup help.syntax words strings io ;
+USING: vocabs vocabs.loader.private help.markup help.syntax
+words strings io ;
 IN: vocabs.loader
 
+ARTICLE: "add-vocab-roots" "Working with code outside of the Factor source tree"
+"You can work with code outside of the Factor source tree by adding additional directories to the list of vocabulary roots."
+$nl
+"There are three ways of doing this."
+$nl
+"The first way is to use an environment variable. Factor looks at the " { $snippet "FACTOR_ROOTS" } " environment variable for a list of " { $snippet ":" } "-separated paths (on Unix) or a list of " { $snippet ";" } "-separated paths (on Windows)."
+$nl
+"The second way is to create a configuration file. You can list additional vocabulary roots in a file that Factor reads at startup:"
+{ $subsection "factor-roots" }
+"Finally, you can add vocabulary roots dynamically using a word:"
+{ $subsection add-vocab-root } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "vocabs.roots" "Vocabulary roots"
 "The vocabulary loader searches for it in one of the root directories:"
 { $subsection vocab-roots }
@@ -11,12 +24,8 @@ ARTICLE: "vocabs.roots" "Vocabulary roots"
     { { $snippet "extra" } " - additional contributed libraries." }
     { { $snippet "work" } " - a root for vocabularies which are not intended to be contributed back to Factor." }
 }
-"Your own vocabularies should go into " { $snippet "extra" } " or " { $snippet "work" } ", depending on whether or not you intend to contribute them back to the Factor project. If you wish to work on vocabularies outside of the Factor source directory, create a " { $snippet "~/.factor-rc" } " file like the following,"
-{ $code
-    "USING: namespaces sequences vocabs.loader ;"
-    "\"/home/jane/sources/\" vocab-roots get push"
-}
-"See " { $link "rc-files" } " for details." ;
+"You can store your own vocabularies in the " { $snippet "work" } " directory."
+{ $subsection "add-vocab-roots" } ;
 
 ARTICLE: "vocabs.loader" "Vocabulary loader"
 "The vocabulary loader is defined in the " { $vocab-link "vocabs.loader" } " vocabulary."
@@ -56,6 +65,11 @@ HELP: vocab-main
 HELP: vocab-roots
 { $var-description "A sequence of pathname strings to search for vocabularies." } ;
 
+HELP: add-vocab-root
+{ $values { "root" "a pathname string" } }
+{ $description "Adds a directory pathname to the list of vocabulary roots." }
+{ $see-also "factor-roots" } ;
+
 HELP: find-vocab-root
 { $values { "vocab" "a vocabulary specifier" } { "path/f" "a pathname string" } }
 { $description "Searches for a vocabulary in the vocabulary roots." } ;
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
index 5ba7f7ed88..7b53e98df1 100644
--- a/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/loader-tests.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-! Unit tests for vocabs.loader vocabulary
 IN: vocabs.loader.tests
 USING: vocabs.loader tools.test continuations vocabs math
 kernel arrays sequences namespaces io.streams.string
 parser source-files words assocs classes.tuple definitions
-debugger compiler.units tools.vocabs accessors eval ;
+debugger compiler.units tools.vocabs accessors eval
+combinators ;
 
 ! This vocab should not exist, but just in case...
 [ ] [
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ IN: vocabs.loader.tests
 2 [
     [ "vocabs.loader.test.a" require ] must-fail
     
-    [ f ] [ "vocabs.loader.test.a" vocab-source-loaded? ] unit-test
+    [ f ] [ "vocabs.loader.test.a" vocab source-loaded?>> ] unit-test
     
     [ t ] [
         "resource:core/vocabs/loader/test/a/a.factor"
@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ IN: vocabs.loader.tests
     ] with-compilation-unit
 ] unit-test
 
-[ t ] [
+[ +done+ ] [
     [ "vocabs.loader.test.d" require ] [ :1 ] recover
-    "vocabs.loader.test.d" vocab-source-loaded?
+    "vocabs.loader.test.d" vocab source-loaded?>>
 ] unit-test
 
 : forget-junk
@@ -151,3 +151,26 @@ forget-junk
 [ "xabbabbja" forget-vocab ] with-compilation-unit
 
 forget-junk
+
+[ ] [ [ "vocabs.loader.test.e" forget-vocab ] with-compilation-unit ] unit-test
+
+[ "vocabs.loader.test.e" require ]
+[ relative-overflow? ] must-fail-with
+
+0 "vocabs.loader.test.g" set-global
+
+[
+    "vocabs.loader.test.f" forget-vocab
+    "vocabs.loader.test.g" forget-vocab
+] with-compilation-unit
+
+[ ] [ "vocabs.loader.test.g" require ] unit-test
+
+[ 1 ] [ "vocabs.loader.test.g" get-global ] unit-test
+
+[
+    "vocabs.loader.test.h" forget-vocab
+    "vocabs.loader.test.i" forget-vocab
+] with-compilation-unit
+
+[ ] [ "vocabs.loader.test.h" require ] unit-test
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
index f48a3d1950..6fb0d08811 100644
--- a/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/loader.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: namespaces make sequences io.files kernel assocs words
 vocabs definitions parser continuations io hashtables sorting
 source-files arrays combinators strings system math.parser
-compiler.errors splitting init accessors ;
+compiler.errors splitting init accessors sets ;
 IN: vocabs.loader
 
 SYMBOL: vocab-roots
@@ -15,28 +15,34 @@ V{
     "resource:work"
 } clone vocab-roots set-global
 
+: add-vocab-root ( root -- )
+    vocab-roots get adjoin ;
+
 : vocab-dir ( vocab -- dir )
     vocab-name { { CHAR: . CHAR: / } } substitute ;
 
 : vocab-dir+ ( vocab str/f -- path )
-    >r vocab-name "." split r>
-    [ >r dup peek r> append suffix ] when*
+    [ vocab-name "." split ] dip
+    [ [ dup peek ] dip append suffix ] when*
     "/" join ;
 
 : vocab-dir? ( root name -- ? )
-    over [
-        ".factor" vocab-dir+ append-path exists?
-    ] [
-        2drop f
-    ] if ;
+    over
+    [ ".factor" vocab-dir+ append-path exists? ]
+    [ 2drop f ]
+    if ;
 
 SYMBOL: root-cache
 
 H{ } clone root-cache set-global
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 : (find-vocab-root) ( name -- path/f )
     vocab-roots get swap [ vocab-dir? ] curry find nip ;
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : find-vocab-root ( vocab -- path/f )
     vocab-name dup root-cache get at [ ] [ (find-vocab-root) ] ?if ;
 
@@ -51,26 +57,37 @@ H{ } clone root-cache set-global
 
 SYMBOL: load-help?
 
-: load-source ( vocab -- vocab )
-    f over set-vocab-source-loaded?
-    [ vocab-source-path [ parse-file ] [ [ ] ] if* ] keep
-    t swap set-vocab-source-loaded?
-    [ % ] [ call ] if-bootstrapping ;
+ERROR: circular-dependency name ;
 
-: load-docs ( vocab -- vocab )
-    load-help? get [
-        f over set-vocab-docs-loaded?
-        [ vocab-docs-path [ ?run-file ] when* ] keep
-        t swap set-vocab-docs-loaded?
-    ] [ drop ] if ;
+<PRIVATE
 
-: reload ( name -- )
+: load-source ( vocab -- )
     [
-        dup vocab [ [ load-source ] [ load-docs ] bi ] [ no-vocab ] ?if
-    ] with-compiler-errors ;
+        +parsing+ >>source-loaded?
+        dup vocab-source-path [ parse-file ] [ [ ] ] if*
+        [ % ] [ assert-depth ] if-bootstrapping
+        +done+ >>source-loaded? drop
+    ] [ ] [ f >>source-loaded? ] cleanup ;
+
+: load-docs ( vocab -- )
+    load-help? get [
+        [
+            +parsing+ >>docs-loaded?
+            [ vocab-docs-path [ ?run-file ] when* ] keep
+            +done+ >>docs-loaded?
+        ] [ ] [ f >>docs-loaded? ] cleanup
+    ] when drop ;
+
+PRIVATE>
 
 : require ( vocab -- )
-    load-vocab drop ;
+    [ load-vocab drop ] with-compiler-errors ;
+
+: reload ( name -- )
+    dup vocab
+    [ [ [ load-source ] [ load-docs ] bi ] with-compiler-errors ]
+    [ require ]
+    ?if ;
 
 : run ( vocab -- )
     dup load-vocab vocab-main [
@@ -83,6 +100,8 @@ SYMBOL: load-help?
 
 SYMBOL: blacklist
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 : add-to-blacklist ( error vocab -- )
     vocab-name blacklist get dup [ set-at ] [ 3drop ] if ;
 
@@ -90,9 +109,10 @@ GENERIC: (load-vocab) ( name -- )
 
 M: vocab (load-vocab)
     [
-        dup vocab-source-loaded? [ dup load-source ] unless
-        dup vocab-docs-loaded? [ dup load-docs ] unless
-        drop
+        dup source-loaded?>> +parsing+ eq? [
+            dup source-loaded?>> [ dup load-source ] unless
+            dup docs-loaded?>> [ dup load-docs ] unless
+        ] unless drop
     ] [ [ swap add-to-blacklist ] keep rethrow ] recover ;
 
 M: vocab-link (load-vocab)
@@ -103,19 +123,17 @@ M: string (load-vocab)
 
 [
     [
-        dup vocab-name blacklist get at* [
-            rethrow
-        ] [
-            drop
-            dup find-vocab-root [
-                [ (load-vocab) ] with-compiler-errors
-            ] [
-                dup vocab [ drop ] [ no-vocab ] if
-            ] if
+        dup vocab-name blacklist get at* [ rethrow ] [
+            drop dup find-vocab-root
+            [ [ (load-vocab) ] with-compiler-errors ]
+            [ dup vocab [ drop ] [ no-vocab ] if ]
+            if
         ] if
     ] with-compiler-errors
 ] load-vocab-hook set-global
 
+PRIVATE>
+
 : vocab-where ( vocab -- loc )
     vocab-source-path dup [ 1 2array ] when ;
 
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/e.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/e.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b85905ec0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/e.factor
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 2 3
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/tags.txt b/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/e/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/f.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/f.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39d45349e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/f.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+IN: vocabs.laoder.test.f
+USE: vocabs.loader
+
+"vocabs.loader.test.g" require
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/tags.txt b/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/f/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/g.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/g.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f124b1935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/g.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+IN: vocabs.loader.test.g
+USING: vocabs.loader.test.f namespaces ;
+
+global [ "vocabs.loader.test.g" inc ] bind
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/tags.txt b/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/g/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/h.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/h.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..510062191f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/h.factor
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+USE: vocabs.loader.test.i
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/tags.txt b/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/h/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/i.factor b/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/i.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..932288daa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/i.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+IN: vocabs.loader.test.i
+USE: vocabs.loader.test.h
diff --git a/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/tags.txt b/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/vocabs/loader/test/i/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/core/vocabs/vocabs-docs.factor b/core/vocabs/vocabs-docs.factor
index 328dce9b03..2929b50081 100644
--- a/core/vocabs/vocabs-docs.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/vocabs-docs.factor
@@ -53,14 +53,6 @@ HELP: vocab-words
 { $values { "vocab-spec" "a vocabulary specifier" } { "words" "an assoc mapping strings to words" } }
 { $description "Outputs the words defined in a vocabulary." } ;
 
-HELP: vocab-source-loaded?
-{ $values { "vocab-spec" "a vocabulary specifier" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
-{ $description "Outputs if the source for this vocubulary has been loaded." } ;
-
-HELP: vocab-docs-loaded?
-{ $values { "vocab-spec" "a vocabulary specifier" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
-{ $description "Outputs if the documentation for this vocubulary has been loaded." } ;
-
 HELP: words
 { $values { "vocab" string } { "seq" "a sequence of words" } }
 { $description "Outputs a sequence of words defined in the vocabulary, or " { $link f } " if no vocabulary with this name exists." } ;
@@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ HELP: forget-vocab
 { $notes "This word must be called from inside " { $link with-compilation-unit } "." } ;
 
 HELP: load-vocab-hook
-{ $var-description "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( name -- vocab )" } " which loads a vocabulary. This quotation is called by " { $link load-vocab } ". The default value should not need to be changed; this functinality is implemented via a hook stored in a variable to break a circular dependency which would otherwise exist from " { $vocab-link "vocabs" } " to " { $vocab-link "vocabs.loader" } " to " { $vocab-link "parser" } " back to " { $vocab-link "vocabs" } "." } ;
+{ $var-description { $quotation "( name -- vocab )" } " which loads a vocabulary. This quotation is called by " { $link load-vocab } ". The default value should not need to be changed; this functinality is implemented via a hook stored in a variable to break a circular dependency which would otherwise exist from " { $vocab-link "vocabs" } " to " { $vocab-link "vocabs.loader" } " to " { $vocab-link "parser" } " back to " { $vocab-link "vocabs" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: words-named
 { $values { "str" string } { "seq" "a sequence of words" } }
diff --git a/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor b/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
index 1bdbe3ce14..13f79b04ec 100644
--- a/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ name words
 main help
 source-loaded? docs-loaded? ;
 
+! sources-loaded? slot is one of these two
+SYMBOL: +parsing+
+SYMBOL: +running+
+SYMBOL: +done+
+
 : <vocab> ( name -- vocab )
     \ vocab new
         swap >>name
@@ -52,42 +57,6 @@ M: object vocab-main vocab vocab-main ;
 
 M: f vocab-main ;
 
-GENERIC: vocab-source-loaded? ( vocab-spec -- ? )
-
-M: vocab vocab-source-loaded? source-loaded?>> ;
-
-M: object vocab-source-loaded?
-    vocab vocab-source-loaded? ;
-
-M: f vocab-source-loaded? ;
-
-GENERIC: set-vocab-source-loaded? ( ? vocab-spec -- )
-
-M: vocab set-vocab-source-loaded? (>>source-loaded?) ;
-
-M: object set-vocab-source-loaded?
-    vocab set-vocab-source-loaded? ;
-
-M: f set-vocab-source-loaded? 2drop ;
-
-GENERIC: vocab-docs-loaded? ( vocab-spec -- ? )
-
-M: vocab vocab-docs-loaded? docs-loaded?>> ;
-
-M: object vocab-docs-loaded?
-    vocab vocab-docs-loaded? ;
-
-M: f vocab-docs-loaded? ;
-
-GENERIC: set-vocab-docs-loaded? ( ? vocab-spec -- )
-
-M: vocab set-vocab-docs-loaded? (>>docs-loaded?) ;
-
-M: object set-vocab-docs-loaded?
-    vocab set-vocab-docs-loaded? ;
-
-M: f set-vocab-docs-loaded? 2drop ;
-
 : create-vocab ( name -- vocab )
     dictionary get [ <vocab> ] cache ;
 
diff --git a/core/words/words.factor b/core/words/words.factor
index 8a4f7e7bd2..b36f8be677 100644
--- a/core/words/words.factor
+++ b/core/words/words.factor
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ M: word (quot-uses) over crossref? [ conjoin ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 M: array (quot-uses) seq-uses ;
 
-M: hashtable (quot-uses) >r >alist r> seq-uses ;
+M: hashtable (quot-uses) [ >alist ] dip seq-uses ;
 
 M: callable (quot-uses) seq-uses ;
 
-M: wrapper (quot-uses) >r wrapped>> r> (quot-uses) ;
+M: wrapper (quot-uses) [ wrapped>> ] dip (quot-uses) ;
 
 : quot-uses ( quot -- assoc )
     global [ H{ } clone [ (quot-uses) ] keep ] bind ;
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ compiled-generic-crossref global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
     bi* 2bi ;
 
 : compiled-xref ( word dependencies generic-dependencies -- )
-    [ [ drop crossref? ] assoc-filter ] bi@
+    [ [ drop crossref? ] { } assoc-filter-as f like ] bi@
     [ over ] dip
     [ "compiled-uses" compiled-crossref (compiled-xref) ]
     [ "compiled-generic-uses" compiled-generic-crossref (compiled-xref) ]
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ compiled-generic-crossref global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
 
 : (compiled-unxref) ( word word-prop variable -- )
     [ [ [ dupd word-prop ] dip get remove-vertex* ] 2curry ]
-    [ drop [ f swap set-word-prop ] curry ]
+    [ drop [ remove-word-prop ] curry ]
     2bi bi ;
 
 : compiled-unxref ( word -- )
@@ -135,9 +135,7 @@ compiled-generic-crossref global [ H{ } assoc-like ] change-at
     [ compiled-generic-crossref get delete-at ]
     tri ;
 
-GENERIC: inline? ( word -- ? )
-
-M: word inline? "inline" word-prop ;
+: inline? ( word -- ? ) "inline" word-prop ; inline
 
 SYMBOL: visited
 
@@ -223,7 +221,7 @@ M: word subwords drop f ;
     "( gensym )" f <word> ;
 
 : define-temp ( quot -- word )
-    gensym dup rot define ;
+    [ gensym dup ] dip define ;
 
 : reveal ( word -- )
     dup [ name>> ] [ vocabulary>> ] bi dup vocab-words
@@ -241,10 +239,12 @@ ERROR: bad-create name vocab ;
     dup [ 2nip ] [ drop <word> dup reveal ] if ;
 
 : constructor-word ( name vocab -- word )
-    >r "<" swap ">" 3append r> create ;
+    [ "<" swap ">" 3append ] dip create ;
 
 PREDICATE: parsing-word < word "parsing" word-prop ;
 
+: make-parsing ( word -- ) t "parsing" set-word-prop ;
+
 : delimiter? ( obj -- ? )
     dup word? [ "delimiter" word-prop ] [ drop f ] if ;
 
diff --git a/extra/advice/advice-docs.factor b/extra/advice/advice-docs.factor
index 7b523e9a8c..0a5d5f8703 100644
--- a/extra/advice/advice-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/advice/advice-docs.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 IN: advice
-USING: help.markup help.syntax tools.annotations words ;
+USING: help.markup help.syntax tools.annotations words coroutines ;
 
 HELP: make-advised
 { $values { "word" "a word to annotate in preparation of advising" } }
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ HELP: advised?
 { $values { "word" "a word" } { "?" "t or f, indicating if " { $snippet "word" } " is advised" } }
 { $description "Determines whether or not the given word has any advice on it." } ;
 
+HELP: ad-do-it
+{ $values { "input" "an object" } { "result" "an object" } }
+{ $description "Calls either the next applicable around advice or the main body, returning back to the point it was called from when finished.  This word should only be called from inside advice." }
+{ $see-also coyield } ;
+
 ARTICLE: "advice" "Advice"
 "Advice is a simple way of adding additition functionality to words by adding 'hooks' to a word, which can act before, after, or around the calling of the word." ;
 
diff --git a/extra/advice/advice-tests.factor b/extra/advice/advice-tests.factor
index 17b60c8fb1..be16150c2e 100644
--- a/extra/advice/advice-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/advice/advice-tests.factor
@@ -1,40 +1,94 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 James Cash
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel sequences math tools.test advice parser namespaces ;
+USING: kernel sequences io io.streams.string math tools.test advice math.parser
+parser namespaces multiline eval words assocs ;
 IN: advice.tests
 
 [
-: foo "foo" ; 
-\ foo make-advised
+    [ ad-do-it ] must-fail
+    
+    : foo "foo" ; 
+    \ foo make-advised
  
-  { "bar" "foo" } [
-     [ "bar" ] "barify" \ foo advise-before
-     foo ] unit-test
+    { "bar" "foo" } [
+        [ "bar" ] "barify" \ foo advise-before
+        foo
+    ] unit-test
  
-  { "bar" "foo" "baz" } [
-      [ "baz" ] "bazify" \ foo advise-after
-      foo ] unit-test
+    { "bar" "foo" "baz" } [
+        [ "baz" ] "bazify" \ foo advise-after
+        foo
+    ] unit-test
  
-  { "foo" "baz" } [
-     "barify" \ foo before remove-advice
-     foo ] unit-test
+    { "foo" "baz" } [
+        "barify" \ foo before remove-advice
+        foo
+    ] unit-test
  
-: bar ( a -- b ) 1+ ;
-\ bar make-advised
+    : bar ( a -- b ) 1+ ;
+    \ bar make-advised
 
-  { 11 } [
-     [ 2 * ] "double" \ bar advise-before
-     5 bar
-  ] unit-test 
+    { 11 } [
+        [ 2 * ] "double" \ bar advise-before
+        5 bar
+    ] unit-test 
 
-  { 11/3 } [
-      [ 3 / ] "third" \ bar advise-after
-      5 bar
-  ] unit-test
+    { 11/3 } [
+        [ 3 / ] "third" \ bar advise-after
+        5 bar
+    ] unit-test
 
-  { -2 } [
-      [ -1 * ad-do-it 3 + ] "frobnobicate" \ bar advise-around
-      5 bar
-  ] unit-test
+    { -2 } [
+        [ -1 * ad-do-it 3 + ] "frobnobicate" \ bar advise-around
+        5 bar
+    ] unit-test
+
+    : add ( a b -- c ) + ;
+    \ add make-advised
+
+    { 10 } [
+        [ [ 2 * ] bi@ ] "double-args" \ add advise-before
+        2 3 add
+    ] unit-test 
+
+    { 21 } [
+        [ 3 * ad-do-it 1- ] "around1" \ add advise-around
+        2 3 add
+    ] unit-test 
+
+!     { 9 } [
+!         [ [ 1- ] bi@ ad-do-it 2 / ] "around2" \ add advise-around
+!         2 3 add
+!     ] unit-test
+
+!     { { "around1" "around2" } } [
+!         \ add around word-prop keys
+!     ] unit-test
+
+    { 5 f } [
+        \ add unadvise
+        2 3 add \ add advised?
+    ] unit-test
+
+!     : quux ( a b -- c ) * ;
+
+!     { f t 3+3/4 } [
+!         <" USING: advice kernel math ;
+!            IN: advice.tests
+!            \ quux advised?
+!            ADVISE: quux halve before [ 2 / ] bi@ ;
+!            \ quux advised? 
+!            3 5 quux"> eval
+!     ] unit-test
+
+!     { 3+3/4 "1+1/2 2+1/2 3+3/4" } [
+!         <" USING: advice kernel math math.parser io io.streams.string ;
+!            IN: advice.tests
+!            ADVISE: quux log around
+!            2dup [ number>string write " " write ] bi@
+!            ad-do-it 
+!            dup number>string write ;
+!            [ 3 5 quux ] with-string-writer"> eval
+!     ] unit-test 
  
- ] with-scope
\ No newline at end of file
+] with-scope
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/advice/advice.factor b/extra/advice/advice.factor
index 6a7d46f935..383812e602 100644
--- a/extra/advice/advice.factor
+++ b/extra/advice/advice.factor
@@ -1,24 +1,31 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 James Cash
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel sequences symbols fry words assocs tools.annotations coroutines ;
+USING: kernel sequences symbols fry words assocs linked-assocs tools.annotations
+coroutines lexer parser quotations arrays namespaces continuations ;
 IN: advice
 
-SYMBOLS: before after around advised ;
+SYMBOLS: before after around advised in-advice? ;
+
+: advised? ( word -- ? )
+    advised word-prop ;
+
+DEFER: make-advised
 
 <PRIVATE
-: advise ( quot name word loc --  )
-    word-prop set-at ;
+: init-around-co ( quot -- coroutine )
+    \ coreset suffix cocreate ;
 PRIVATE>
-    
-: advise-before ( quot name word --  )
-    before advise ;
-    
-: advise-after ( quot name word --  )
-    after advise ;
 
-: advise-around ( quot name word --  )
-    [ \ coterminate suffix ] 2dip
-    around advise ;
+: advise ( quot name word loc --  )
+    dup around eq? [ [ init-around-co ] 3dip ] when
+    over advised? [ over make-advised ] unless
+    word-prop set-at ;
+    
+: advise-before ( quot name word --  ) before advise ;
+    
+: advise-after ( quot name word --  ) after advise ;
+
+: advise-around ( quot name word --  ) around advise ;
 
 : get-advice ( word type -- seq )
     word-prop values ;
@@ -30,20 +37,27 @@ PRIVATE>
     after get-advice [ call ] each ;
 
 : call-around ( main word --  )
-    around get-advice [ cocreate ] map tuck 
-    [ [ coresume ] each ] [ call ] [ reverse [ coresume ] each ] tri* ;
+    t in-advice? [
+        around get-advice tuck 
+        [ [ coresume ] each ] [ call ] [ <reversed> [ coresume ] each ] tri*
+    ] with-variable ;
 
 : remove-advice ( name word loc --  )
     word-prop delete-at ;
 
 : ad-do-it ( input -- result )
-    coyield ;
-
-: advised? ( word -- ? )
-    advised word-prop ;
+    in-advice? get [ "ad-do-it should only be called inside 'around' advice" throw ] unless coyield ;
     
 : make-advised ( word -- )
     [ dup [ over dup '[ _ call-before _ _ call-around _ call-after ] ] annotate ]
-    [ { before after around } [ H{ } clone swap set-word-prop ] with each ] 
+    [ { before after around } [ <linked-hash> swap set-word-prop ] with each ] 
     [ t advised set-word-prop ] tri ;
-    
\ No newline at end of file
+
+: unadvise ( word --  )
+    [ reset ] [ { before after around advised } [ f swap set-word-prop ] with each ] bi ;
+
+: ADVISE: ! word adname location => word adname quot loc
+    scan-word scan scan-word parse-definition swap [ spin ] dip advise ; parsing
+    
+: UNADVISE:    
+    scan-word parsed \ unadvise parsed ; parsing
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/advice/tags.txt b/extra/advice/tags.txt
index a87b65d938..f4274299b1 100644
--- a/extra/advice/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/advice/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-advice
-aspect
-annotations
+extensions
diff --git a/extra/asn1/asn1.factor b/extra/asn1/asn1.factor
index bd1ed83baa..b087d3ae2b 100644
--- a/extra/asn1/asn1.factor
+++ b/extra/asn1/asn1.factor
@@ -189,11 +189,11 @@ M: string >ber ( str -- byte-array )
     >byte-array append ;
 
 : >ber-application-string ( n str -- byte-array )
-    >r HEX: 40 + set-tag r> >ber ;
+    [ HEX: 40 + set-tag ] dip >ber ;
 
 GENERIC: >ber-contextspecific ( n obj -- byte-array )
 M: string >ber-contextspecific ( n str -- byte-array )
-    >r HEX: 80 + set-tag r> >ber ;
+    [ HEX: 80 + set-tag ] dip >ber ;
 
 ! =========================================================
 ! Array
diff --git a/extra/assocs/lib/lib.factor b/extra/assocs/lib/lib.factor
index ed9b4bf0c4..f1b018f54e 100755
--- a/extra/assocs/lib/lib.factor
+++ b/extra/assocs/lib/lib.factor
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ IN: assocs.lib
     dupd at [ nip ] when* ;
 
 : replace-at ( assoc value key -- assoc )
-    >r >r dup r> 1vector r> rot set-at ;
+    [ dupd 1vector ] dip rot set-at ;
 
 : peek-at* ( assoc key -- obj ? )
-    swap at* dup [ >r peek r> ] when ;
+    swap at* dup [ [ peek ] dip ] when ;
 
 : peek-at ( assoc key -- obj )
     peek-at* drop ;
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ IN: assocs.lib
 : insert ( value variable -- ) namespace push-at ;
 
 : generate-key ( assoc -- str )
-    >r 32 random-bits >hex r>
+    [ 32 random-bits >hex ] dip
     2dup key? [ nip generate-key ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : set-at-unique ( value assoc -- key )
diff --git a/extra/automata/automata.factor b/extra/automata/automata.factor
index 979a733692..9001521490 100644
--- a/extra/automata/automata.factor
+++ b/extra/automata/automata.factor
@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ VAR: rule   VAR: rule-number
 : init-rule ( -- ) 8 <hashtable> >rule ;
 
 : rule-keys ( -- array )
-{ { 1 1 1 }
-  { 1 1 0 }
-  { 1 0 1 }
-  { 1 0 0 }
-  { 0 1 1 }
-  { 0 1 0 }
-  { 0 0 1 }
-  { 0 0 0 } } ;
+  { { 1 1 1 }
+    { 1 1 0 }
+    { 1 0 1 }
+    { 1 0 0 }
+    { 0 1 1 }
+    { 0 1 0 }
+    { 0 0 1 }
+    { 0 0 0 } } ;
 
 : rule-values ( n -- seq ) >bin 8 CHAR: 0 pad-left string>digits ;
 
 : set-rule ( n -- )
-dup >rule-number rule-values rule-keys [ rule> set-at ] 2each ;
+  dup >rule-number rule-values rule-keys [ rule> set-at ] 2each ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 ! step-capped-line
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ dup >rule-number rule-values rule-keys [ rule> set-at ] 2each ;
 : cap-line ( line -- 0-line-0 ) { 0 } prepend { 0 } append ;
 
 : wrap-line ( a-line-z -- za-line-za )
-dup peek 1array swap dup first 1array append append ;
+  dup peek 1array swap dup first 1array append append ;
 
 : step-line ( line -- new-line ) 3 <clumps> [ pattern>state ] map ;
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ VARS: width height ;
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 : interesting ( -- seq )
-{ 18 22 26 30 41 45 54 60 73 75 82 86 89 90 97 101 102 105 106 107 109
-  110 120 121 122 124 126 129 137 146 147 149 150 151 153 154 161 165 } ;
+  { 18 22 26 30 41 45 54 60 73 75 82 86 89 90 97 101 102 105 106 107 109
+    110 120 121 122 124 126 129 137 146 147 149 150 151 153 154 161 165 } ;
 
 : mild ( -- seq ) { 6 9 11 57 62 74 118 } ;
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ VAR: bitmap
 VAR: last-line
 
 : run-rule ( -- )
-last-line> height> [ drop step-capped-line dup ] map >bitmap >last-line ;
+  last-line> height> [ drop step-capped-line dup ] map >bitmap >last-line ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
diff --git a/extra/automata/ui/ui.factor b/extra/automata/ui/ui.factor
index 037cf41118..9210097cab 100644
--- a/extra/automata/ui/ui.factor
+++ b/extra/automata/ui/ui.factor
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ IN: automata.ui
 
 : draw-bitmap ( bitmap -- ) GL_POINTS glBegin (draw-bitmap) glEnd ;
 
-: display ( -- ) black set-color bitmap> draw-bitmap ;
+: display ( -- ) black gl-color bitmap> draw-bitmap ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ VAR: slate
 ! Call a 'model' quotation with the current 'view'.
 
 : with-view ( quot -- )
-slate> rect-dim first >width
-slate> rect-dim second >height
-call
-slate> relayout-1 ;
+  slate> rect-dim first >width
+  slate> rect-dim second >height
+  call
+  slate> relayout-1 ;
 
 ! Create a quotation that is appropriate for buttons and gesture handler.
 
diff --git a/extra/bake/fry/fry.factor b/extra/bake/fry/fry.factor
index b9f9882e88..d82500edba 100644
--- a/extra/bake/fry/fry.factor
+++ b/extra/bake/fry/fry.factor
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ DEFER: shallow-fry
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 : deep-fry ( quot -- quot )
-  { _ } last-split1 dup
+  { _ } split1-last dup
     [
       shallow-fry [ >r ] rot
       deep-fry    [ [ dip ] curry r> compose ] 4array concat
@@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ DEFER: shallow-fry
 
 MACRO: fry ( seq -- quot ) [fry] ;
 
-: '[ \ ] [ >quotation ] parse-literal \ fry parsed ; parsing
\ No newline at end of file
+: '[ \ ] [ >quotation ] parse-literal \ fry parsed ; parsing
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/benchmark.factor b/extra/benchmark/benchmark.factor
index 5a8e7595b5..a1e892229a 100755
--- a/extra/benchmark/benchmark.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/benchmark.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel vocabs vocabs.loader tools.time tools.vocabs
 arrays assocs io.styles io help.markup prettyprint sequences
-continuations debugger ;
+continuations debugger math ;
 IN: benchmark
 
 : run-benchmark ( vocab -- result )
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ IN: benchmark
     standard-table-style [
         [
             [ "Benchmark" write ] with-cell
-            [ "Time (ms)" write ] with-cell
+            [ "Time (seconds)" write ] with-cell
         ] with-row
         [
             [
                 [ [ 1array $vocab-link ] with-cell ]
-                [ pprint-cell ] bi*
+                [ [ 1000000 /f pprint-cell ] [ "failed" write ] if* ] bi*
             ] with-row
         ] assoc-each
     ] tabular-output ;
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/dawes/dawes.factor b/extra/benchmark/dawes/dawes.factor
index 7cff06d1bc..5cd40bc098 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/dawes/dawes.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/dawes/dawes.factor
@@ -1,21 +1,16 @@
-USING: sequences alien.c-types math hints kernel byte-arrays ;
+USING: sequences hints kernel math specialized-arrays.int fry ;
 IN: benchmark.dawes
 
 ! Phil Dawes's performance problem
 
-: int-length ( byte-array -- n ) length "int" heap-size /i ; inline
+: count-ones ( int-array -- n ) [ 1 = ] count ; inline
 
-: count-ones ( byte-array -- n )
-    0 swap [ int-length ] keep [
-        int-nth 1 = [ 1 + ] when
-    ] curry each-integer ;
+HINTS: count-ones int-array ;
 
-HINTS: count-ones byte-array ;
-
-: make-byte-array ( -- byte-array )
-    120000 [ 255 bitand ] map >c-int-array ;
+: make-int-array ( -- int-array )
+    120000 [ 255 bitand ] int-array{ } map-as ;
 
 : dawes-benchmark ( -- )
-    make-byte-array 200 swap [ count-ones ] curry replicate drop ;
+    make-int-array 200 swap '[ _ count-ones ] replicate drop ;
 
 MAIN: dawes-benchmark
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/dispatch2/dispatch2.factor b/extra/benchmark/dispatch2/dispatch2.factor
index 93b42c3e6c..c9d4f9ffa2 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/dispatch2/dispatch2.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/dispatch2/dispatch2.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: make math sequences splitting grouping
-kernel columns float-arrays bit-arrays ;
+kernel columns specialized-arrays.double bit-arrays ;
 IN: benchmark.dispatch2
 
 : sequences ( -- seq )
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ IN: benchmark.dispatch2
         "hello world" ,
         SBUF" sbuf world" ,
         V{ "a" "b" "c" } ,
-        F{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } ,
+        double-array{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } ,
         "hello world" 4 tail-slice ,
         10 f <repetition> ,
         100 2 <sliced-groups> ,
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/dispatch3/dispatch3.factor b/extra/benchmark/dispatch3/dispatch3.factor
index aa3d11e2fb..94925f0d79 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/dispatch3/dispatch3.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/dispatch3/dispatch3.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: sequences math mirrors splitting grouping
 kernel make assocs alien.syntax columns
-float-arrays bit-arrays ;
+specialized-arrays.double bit-arrays ;
 IN: benchmark.dispatch3
 
 GENERIC: g ( obj -- str )
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ M: object g drop "object" ;
         "hello world" ,
         SBUF" sbuf world" ,
         V{ "a" "b" "c" } ,
-        F{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } ,
+        double-array{ 1.0 2.0 3.0 } ,
         "hello world" 4 tail-slice ,
         10 f <repetition> ,
         100 2 <sliced-groups> ,
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/fannkuch/fannkuch.factor b/extra/benchmark/fannkuch/fannkuch.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a69c53852d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/benchmark/fannkuch/fannkuch.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel fry math math.combinatorics math.order sequences
+io prettyprint ;
+IN: benchmark.fannkuch
+
+: count ( quot: ( -- ? ) -- n )
+    #! Call quot until it returns false, return number of times
+    #! it was true
+    [ 0 ] dip '[ _ dip swap [ [ 1+ ] when ] keep ] loop ; inline
+
+: count-flips ( perm -- flip# )
+    '[
+        _ dup first dup 1 =
+        [ 2drop f ] [ head-slice reverse-here t ] if
+    ] count ; inline
+
+: write-permutation ( perm -- )
+    [ CHAR: 0 + write1 ] each nl ; inline
+
+: fannkuch-step ( counter max-flips perm -- counter max-flips )
+    pick 30 < [ [ 1+ ] [ ] [ dup write-permutation ] tri* ] when
+    count-flips max ; inline
+
+: fannkuch ( n -- )
+    [
+        [ 0 0 ] dip [ 1+ ] B{ } map-as
+        [ fannkuch-step ] each-permutation nip
+    ] keep
+    "Pfannkuchen(" write pprint ") = " write . ;
+
+: fannkuch-main ( -- )
+    9 fannkuch ;
+
+MAIN: fannkuch-main
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/fasta/fasta.factor b/extra/benchmark/fasta/fasta.factor
index 015f762c7b..32d3534920 100755
--- a/extra/benchmark/fasta/fasta.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/fasta/fasta.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Based on http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/gp4/benchmark.php?test=fasta&lang=java&id=2
 USING: math kernel io io.files locals multiline assocs sequences
 sequences.private benchmark.reverse-complement hints io.encodings.ascii
-byte-arrays float-arrays ;
+byte-arrays specialized-arrays.double ;
 IN: benchmark.fasta
 
 : IM 139968 ; inline
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ HINTS: random fixnum ;
 
 : make-cumulative ( freq -- chars floats )
     dup keys >byte-array
-    swap values >float-array unclip [ + ] accumulate swap suffix ;
+    swap values >double-array unclip [ + ] accumulate swap suffix ;
 
 :: select-random ( seed chars floats -- seed elt )
     floats seed random -rot
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/fib6/fib6.factor b/extra/benchmark/fib6/fib6.factor
index 594b451876..64d1b6c533 100755
--- a/extra/benchmark/fib6/fib6.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/fib6/fib6.factor
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ USING: math kernel alien ;
     ] alien-callback
     "int" { "int" } "cdecl" alien-indirect ;
 
-: fib-main ( -- ) 25 fib drop ;
+: fib-main ( -- ) 34 fib drop ;
 
 MAIN: fib-main
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/nbody/nbody.factor b/extra/benchmark/nbody/nbody.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..305fc2e33b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/benchmark/nbody/nbody.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors specialized-arrays.double fry kernel locals make math
+math.constants math.functions math.vectors prettyprint
+sequences hints arrays ;
+IN: benchmark.nbody
+
+: solar-mass 4 pi sq * ; inline
+: days-per-year 365.24 ; inline
+
+TUPLE: body
+{ location double-array }
+{ velocity double-array }
+{ mass float read-only } ;
+
+: <body> ( location velocity mass -- body )
+    [ days-per-year v*n ] [ solar-mass * ] bi* body boa ; inline
+
+: <jupiter> ( -- body )
+    double-array{ 4.84143144246472090e+00 -1.16032004402742839e+00 -1.03622044471123109e-01 }
+    double-array{ 1.66007664274403694e-03 7.69901118419740425e-03 -6.90460016972063023e-05 }
+    9.54791938424326609e-04
+    <body> ;
+
+: <saturn> ( -- body )
+    double-array{ 8.34336671824457987e+00 4.12479856412430479e+00 -4.03523417114321381e-01 }
+    double-array{ -2.76742510726862411e-03 4.99852801234917238e-03 2.30417297573763929e-05 }
+    2.85885980666130812e-04
+    <body> ;
+
+: <uranus> ( -- body )
+    double-array{ 1.28943695621391310e+01 -1.51111514016986312e+01 -2.23307578892655734e-01 }
+    double-array{ 2.96460137564761618e-03 2.37847173959480950e-03 -2.96589568540237556e-05 }
+    4.36624404335156298e-05
+    <body> ;
+
+: <neptune> ( -- body )
+    double-array{ 1.53796971148509165e+01 -2.59193146099879641e+01 1.79258772950371181e-01 }
+    double-array{ 2.68067772490389322e-03 1.62824170038242295e-03 -9.51592254519715870e-05 }
+    5.15138902046611451e-05
+    <body> ;
+
+: <sun> ( -- body )
+    double-array{ 0 0 0 } double-array{ 0 0 0 } 1 <body> ;
+    
+: offset-momentum ( body offset -- body )
+    vneg solar-mass v/n >>velocity ; inline
+
+TUPLE: nbody-system { bodies array read-only } ;
+
+: init-bodies ( bodies -- )
+    [ first ] [ double-array{ 0 0 0 } [ [ velocity>> ] [ mass>> ] bi v*n v+ ] reduce ] bi
+    offset-momentum drop ; inline
+
+: <nbody-system> ( -- system )
+    [ <sun> , <jupiter> , <saturn> , <uranus> , <neptune> , ] { } make nbody-system boa
+    dup bodies>> init-bodies ; inline
+
+:: each-pair ( bodies pair-quot: ( other-body body -- ) each-quot: ( body -- ) -- )
+    bodies [| body i |
+        body each-quot call
+        bodies i 1+ tail-slice [
+            body pair-quot call
+        ] each
+    ] each-index ; inline
+
+: update-position ( body dt -- )
+    [ dup velocity>> ] dip '[ _ _ v*n v+ ] change-location drop ;
+
+: mag ( dt body other-body -- mag d )
+    [ location>> ] bi@ v- [ norm-sq dup sqrt * / ] keep ; inline
+
+:: update-velocity ( other-body body dt -- )
+    dt body other-body mag
+    [ [ body ] 2dip '[ other-body mass>> _ * _ n*v v- ] change-velocity drop ]
+    [ [ other-body ] 2dip '[ body mass>> _ * _ n*v v+ ] change-velocity drop ] 2bi ;
+
+: advance ( system dt -- )
+    [ bodies>> ] dip
+    [ '[ _ update-velocity ] [ drop ] each-pair ]
+    [ '[ _ update-position ] each ]
+    2bi ; inline
+
+: inertia ( body -- e )
+    [ mass>> ] [ velocity>> norm-sq ] bi * 0.5 * ;
+
+: newton's-law ( other-body body -- e )
+    [ [ mass>> ] bi@ * ] [ [ location>> ] bi@ distance ] 2bi / ;
+
+: energy ( system -- x )
+    [ 0.0 ] dip bodies>> [ newton's-law - ] [ inertia + ] each-pair ; inline
+
+: nbody ( n -- )
+    <nbody-system>
+    [ energy . ] [ '[ _ 0.01 advance ] times ] [ energy . ] tri ;
+
+HINTS: update-position body float ;
+HINTS: update-velocity body body float ;
+HINTS: inertia body ;
+HINTS: newton's-law body body ;
+HINTS: nbody fixnum ;
+
+: nbody-main ( -- ) 1000000 nbody ;
+
+MAIN: nbody-main
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/partial-sums/partial-sums.factor b/extra/benchmark/partial-sums/partial-sums.factor
index 2d8cdc40c7..7c7c68b12d 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/partial-sums/partial-sums.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/partial-sums/partial-sums.factor
@@ -1,63 +1,44 @@
-USING: math math.functions kernel sequences io io.styles
-prettyprint words hints ;
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: math math.functions kernel io io.styles prettyprint
+combinators hints fry namespaces sequences ;
 IN: benchmark.partial-sums
 
-: summing ( n quot -- y )
-    [ >float ] swap [ + ] 3compose
-    0.0 -rot 1 -rot (each-integer) ; inline
-
-: 2/3^k ( n -- y ) [ 2.0 3.0 / swap 1- ^ ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: 2/3^k fixnum ;
-
-: k^-0.5 ( n -- y ) [ -0.5 ^ ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: k^-0.5 fixnum ;
-
-: 1/k(k+1) ( n -- y ) [ dup 1+ * recip ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: 1/k(k+1) fixnum ;
-
+! Helper words
+: summing-integers ( n quot -- y ) [ 0.0 ] 2dip '[ 1+ @ + ] each ; inline
+: summing-floats ( n quot -- y ) '[ >float @ ] summing-integers ; inline
 : cube ( x -- y ) dup dup * * ; inline
+: -1^ ( n -- -1/1 ) 2 mod 2 * 1- ; inline
 
-: flint-hills ( n -- y )
-    [ dup cube swap sin sq * recip ] summing ;
+! The functions
+: 2/3^k ( n -- y ) [ 2.0 3.0 / swap 1- ^ ] summing-floats ; inline
+: k^-0.5 ( n -- y ) [ -0.5 ^ ] summing-floats ; inline
+: 1/k(k+1) ( n -- y ) [ dup 1+ * recip ] summing-floats ; inline
+: flint-hills ( n -- y ) [ [ cube ] [ sin sq ] bi * recip ] summing-floats ; inline
+: cookson-hills ( n -- y ) [ [ cube ] [ cos sq ] bi * recip ] summing-floats ; inline
+: harmonic ( n -- y ) [ recip ] summing-floats ; inline
+: riemann-zeta ( n -- y ) [ sq recip ] summing-floats ; inline
+: alternating-harmonic ( n -- y ) [ [ -1^ ] keep /f ] summing-integers ; inline
+: gregory ( n -- y ) [ [ -1^ ] [ 2.0 * 1- ] bi / ] summing-integers ; inline
 
-HINTS: flint-hills fixnum ;
+: partial-sums ( n -- results )
+    [
+        {
+            [ 2/3^k                 \ 2/3^k                set ]
+            [ k^-0.5                \ k^-0.5               set ]
+            [ 1/k(k+1)              \ 1/k(k+1)             set ]
+            [ flint-hills           \ flint-hills          set ]
+            [ cookson-hills         \ cookson-hills        set ]
+            [ harmonic              \ harmonic             set ]
+            [ riemann-zeta          \ riemann-zeta         set ]
+            [ alternating-harmonic  \ alternating-harmonic set ]
+            [ gregory               \ gregory              set ]
+        } cleave
+    ] { } make-assoc ;
 
-: cookson-hills ( n -- y )
-    [ dup cube swap cos sq * recip ] summing ;
+HINTS: partial-sums fixnum ;
 
-HINTS: cookson-hills fixnum ;
-
-: harmonic ( n -- y ) [ recip ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: harmonic fixnum ;
-
-: riemann-zeta ( n -- y ) [ sq recip ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: riemann-zeta fixnum ;
-
-: -1^ 2 mod zero? 1 -1 ? ; inline
-
-: alternating-harmonic ( n -- y ) [ dup -1^ swap / ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: alternating-harmonic fixnum ;
-
-: gregory ( n -- y ) [ dup -1^ swap 2 * 1- / ] summing ;
-
-HINTS: gregory fixnum ;
-
-: functions
-    { 2/3^k k^-0.5 1/k(k+1) flint-hills cookson-hills harmonic riemann-zeta alternating-harmonic gregory } ;
-
-: partial-sums ( n -- )
-    standard-table-style [
-        functions [
-            [ tuck execute pprint-cell pprint-cell ] with-row
-        ] with each
-    ] tabular-output ;
-
-: partial-sums-main ( -- ) 2500000 partial-sums ;
+: partial-sums-main ( -- )
+    2500000 partial-sums simple-table. ;
 
 MAIN: partial-sums-main
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor b/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
index 34bac61292..7fe46e9c36 100755
--- a/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/raytracer/raytracer.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Factor port of the raytracer benchmark from
 ! http://www.ffconsultancy.com/free/ray_tracer/languages.html
 
-USING: arrays accessors float-arrays io io.files
+USING: arrays accessors specialized-arrays.double io io.files
 io.encodings.binary kernel math math.functions math.vectors
 math.parser make sequences sequences.private words hints ;
 IN: benchmark.raytracer
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ IN: benchmark.raytracer
 ! parameters
 : light
     #! Normalized { -1 -3 2 }.
-    F{
+    double-array{
         -0.2672612419124244
         -0.8017837257372732
         0.5345224838248488
@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ IN: benchmark.raytracer
 
 : delta 1.4901161193847656E-8 ; inline
 
-TUPLE: ray { orig float-array read-only } { dir float-array read-only } ;
+TUPLE: ray { orig double-array read-only } { dir double-array read-only } ;
 
 C: <ray> ray
 
-TUPLE: hit { normal float-array read-only } { lambda float read-only } ;
+TUPLE: hit { normal double-array read-only } { lambda float read-only } ;
 
 C: <hit> hit
 
 GENERIC: intersect-scene ( hit ray scene -- hit )
 
-TUPLE: sphere { center float-array read-only } { radius float read-only } ;
+TUPLE: sphere { center double-array read-only } { radius float read-only } ;
 
 C: <sphere> sphere
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ TUPLE: group < sphere { objs array read-only } ;
 M: group intersect-scene ( hit ray group -- hit )
     [ drop objs>> [ intersect-scene ] with each ] if-ray-sphere ;
 
-: initial-hit T{ hit f F{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 } 1/0. } ; inline
+: initial-hit T{ hit f double-array{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 } 1/0. } ; inline
 
 : initial-intersect ( ray scene -- hit )
     [ initial-hit ] 2dip intersect-scene ; inline
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ DEFER: create ( level c r -- scene )
 
 : create-offsets ( quot -- )
     {
-        F{ -1.0 1.0 -1.0 }
-        F{ 1.0 1.0 -1.0 }
-        F{ -1.0 1.0 1.0 }
-        F{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 }
+        double-array{ -1.0 1.0 -1.0 }
+        double-array{ 1.0 1.0 -1.0 }
+        double-array{ -1.0 1.0 1.0 }
+        double-array{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 }
     } swap each ; inline
 
 : create-bound ( c r -- sphere ) 3.0 * <sphere> ;
@@ -138,14 +138,14 @@ DEFER: create ( level c r -- scene )
     pick 1 = [ <sphere> nip ] [ create-group ] if ;
 
 : ss-point ( dx dy -- point )
-    [ oversampling /f ] bi@ 0.0 3float-array ;
+    [ oversampling /f ] bi@ 0.0 double-array{ } 3sequence ;
 
 : ss-grid ( -- ss-grid )
     oversampling [ oversampling [ ss-point ] with map ] map ;
 
 : ray-grid ( point ss-grid -- ray-grid )
     [
-        [ v+ normalize F{ 0.0 0.0 -4.0 } swap <ray> ] with map
+        [ v+ normalize double-array{ 0.0 0.0 -4.0 } swap <ray> ] with map
     ] with map ;
 
 : ray-pixel ( scene point -- n )
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ DEFER: create ( level c r -- scene )
     size reverse [
         size [
             [ size 0.5 * - ] bi@ swap size
-            3float-array
+            double-array{ } 3sequence
         ] with map
     ] map ;
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ DEFER: create ( level c r -- scene )
     pixel-grid [ [ ray-pixel ] with map ] with map ;
 
 : run ( -- string )
-    levels F{ 0.0 -1.0 0.0 } 1.0 create ray-trace [
+    levels double-array{ 0.0 -1.0 0.0 } 1.0 create ray-trace [
         size size pgm-header
         [ [ oversampling sq / pgm-pixel ] each ] each
     ] B{ } make ;
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna-tests.factor b/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna-tests.factor
index f1d4b7f627..cdd83cb9af 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna-tests.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: benchmark.regex-dna io io.files io.encodings.ascii
-io.streams.string kernel tools.test ;
+io.streams.string kernel tools.test splitting ;
 IN: benchmark.regex-dna.tests
 
 [ t ] [
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna.factor b/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna.factor
index 0c21de0363..8c0aee596d 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/regex-dna/regex-dna.factor
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ IN: benchmark.regex-dna
 
 : count-patterns ( string -- )
     {
-        R/ agggtaaa|tttaccct/i,
-        R/ [cgt]gggtaaa|tttaccc[acg]/i,
-        R/ a[act]ggtaaa|tttacc[agt]t/i,
-        R/ ag[act]gtaaa|tttac[agt]ct/i,
-        R/ agg[act]taaa|ttta[agt]cct/i,
-        R/ aggg[acg]aaa|ttt[cgt]ccct/i,
-        R/ agggt[cgt]aa|tt[acg]accct/i,
-        R/ agggta[cgt]a|t[acg]taccct/i,
+        R/ agggtaaa|tttaccct/i
+        R/ [cgt]gggtaaa|tttaccc[acg]/i
+        R/ a[act]ggtaaa|tttacc[agt]t/i
+        R/ ag[act]gtaaa|tttac[agt]ct/i
+        R/ agg[act]taaa|ttta[agt]cct/i
+        R/ aggg[acg]aaa|ttt[cgt]ccct/i
+        R/ agggt[cgt]aa|tt[acg]accct/i
+        R/ agggta[cgt]a|t[acg]taccct/i
         R/ agggtaa[cgt]|[acg]ttaccct/i
     } [
         [ raw>> write bl ]
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/spectral-norm/spectral-norm.factor b/extra/benchmark/spectral-norm/spectral-norm.factor
index 245027ef77..64d2bdbb1f 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/spectral-norm/spectral-norm.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/spectral-norm/spectral-norm.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Factor port of
 ! http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/gp4/benchmark.php?test=spectralnorm&lang=all
-USING: float-arrays kernel math math.functions math.vectors
-sequences sequences.private prettyprint words
-hints locals ;
+USING: specialized-arrays.double kernel math math.functions
+math.vectors sequences sequences.private prettyprint words hints
+locals ;
 IN: benchmark.spectral-norm
 
 :: inner-loop ( u n quot -- seq )
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ IN: benchmark.spectral-norm
         n 0.0 [| j |
             u i j quot call +
         ] reduce
-    ] F{ } map-as ; inline
+    ] double-array{ } map-as ; inline
 
 : eval-A ( i j -- n )
     [ >float ] bi@
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ IN: benchmark.spectral-norm
 : eval-AtA-times-u ( u n -- seq )
     [ eval-A-times-u ] [ eval-At-times-u ] bi ; inline
 
-: ones ( n -- seq ) [ 1.0 ] F{ } replicate-as ; inline
+: ones ( n -- seq ) [ 1.0 ] double-array{ } replicate-as ; inline
 
 :: u/v ( n -- u v )
     n ones dup
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/xml/xml.factor b/extra/benchmark/xml/xml.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a61293cd99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/benchmark/xml/xml.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: io.encodings.utf8 io.files kernel sequences xml ;
+IN: benchmark.xml
+
+: xml-benchmark ( -- )
+    "resource:basis/xmode/modes/" [
+        [ utf8 <file-reader> read-xml drop ] each
+    ] with-directory-files ;
+
+MAIN: xml-benchmark
diff --git a/extra/boids/boids.factor b/extra/boids/boids.factor
index 8c045ee270..8319a2d8d9 100644
--- a/extra/boids/boids.factor
+++ b/extra/boids/boids.factor
@@ -1,89 +1,56 @@
 
-USING: combinators.short-circuit kernel namespaces
+USING: kernel
+       namespaces
+       arrays
+       accessors
+       strings
+       sequences
+       locals
+       threads
        math
-       math.constants
        math.functions
-       math.order
-       math.vectors
        math.trig
-       math.physics.pos
-       math.physics.vel
-       combinators arrays sequences random vars
-       combinators.lib
-       accessors ;
+       math.order
+       math.ranges
+       math.vectors
+       random
+       calendar
+       opengl.gl
+       opengl
+       ui
+       ui.gadgets
+       ui.gadgets.tracks
+       ui.gadgets.frames
+       ui.gadgets.grids
+       ui.render
+       multi-methods
+       multi-method-syntax
+       combinators.short-circuit
+       processing.shapes
+       flatland ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 IN: boids
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-TUPLE: boid < vel ;
-
-C: <boid> boid
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-VAR: boids
-VAR: world-size
-VAR: time-slice
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-VAR: cohesion-weight
-VAR: alignment-weight
-VAR: separation-weight
-
-VAR: cohesion-view-angle
-VAR: alignment-view-angle
-VAR: separation-view-angle
-
-VAR: cohesion-radius
-VAR: alignment-radius
-VAR: separation-radius
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: init-variables ( -- )
-1.0 >cohesion-weight
-1.0 >alignment-weight
-1.0 >separation-weight
-
-75 >cohesion-radius
-50 >alignment-radius
-25 >separation-radius
-
-180 >cohesion-view-angle
-180 >alignment-view-angle
-180 >separation-view-angle
-
-10 >time-slice ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-! random-boid and random-boids
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: random-range ( a b -- n ) 1+ over - random + ;
-
-: random-pos ( -- pos ) world-size> [ random ] map ;
-
-: random-vel ( -- vel ) 2 [ drop -10 10 random-range ] map ;
-
-: random-boid ( -- boid ) random-pos random-vel <boid> ;
-
-: random-boids ( n -- boids ) [ drop random-boid ] map ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
 : constrain ( n a b -- n ) rot min max ;
 
 : angle-between ( vec vec -- angle )
-2dup v. -rot norm swap norm * / -1 1 constrain acos rad>deg ;
+  [ v. ] [ [ norm ] bi@ * ] 2bi / -1 1 constrain acos rad>deg ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 : relative-position ( self other -- v ) swap [ pos>> ] bi@ v- ;
 
 : relative-angle ( self other -- angle )
-over vel>> -rot relative-position angle-between ;
+  over vel>> -rot relative-position angle-between ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: in-radius? ( self other radius -- ? ) [ distance       ] dip     <= ;
+: in-view?   ( self other angle  -- ? ) [ relative-angle ] dip 2 / <= ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
@@ -92,14 +59,37 @@ over vel>> -rot relative-position angle-between ;
 : vaverage ( seq-of-vectors -- seq ) [ vsum ] [ length ] bi v/n ;
 
 : average-position ( boids -- pos ) [ pos>> ] map vaverage ;
-
 : average-velocity ( boids -- vel ) [ vel>> ] map vaverage ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-: in-range? ( self other radius -- ? ) >r distance r> <= ;
+TUPLE: <boid> < <vel> ;
 
-: in-view? ( self other angle -- ? ) >r relative-angle r> 2 / <= ;
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+TUPLE: <behaviour>
+  { weight     initial: 1.0 }
+  { view-angle initial: 180 }
+  { radius                  } ;
+
+TUPLE: <cohesion>   < <behaviour> { radius initial: 75 } ;
+TUPLE: <alignment>  < <behaviour> { radius initial: 50 } ;
+TUPLE: <separation> < <behaviour> { radius initial: 25 } ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: within-neighborhood? ( SELF OTHER BEHAVIOUR -- ? )
+
+  SELF OTHER
+    {
+      [ BEHAVIOUR radius>>     in-radius? ]
+      [ BEHAVIOUR view-angle>> in-view?   ]
+      [ eq? not                           ]
+    }
+  2&& ;
+
+:: neighborhood ( SELF OTHERS BEHAVIOUR -- boids )
+  OTHERS [| OTHER | SELF OTHER BEHAVIOUR within-neighborhood? ] filter ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
@@ -107,128 +97,267 @@ over vel>> -rot relative-position angle-between ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-! average_position(neighbors) - self_position
+GENERIC: force* ( sequence <boid> <behaviour> -- force )
 
-: within-cohesion-neighborhood? ( self other -- ? )
-  { [ cohesion-radius> in-range? ]
-    [ cohesion-view-angle> in-view? ]
-    [ eq? not ] }
-  2&& ;
+:: cohesion-force ( OTHERS SELF BEHAVIOUR -- force )
+  OTHERS average-position SELF pos>> v- normalize* BEHAVIOUR weight>> v*n ;
 
-: cohesion-neighborhood ( self -- boids )
-  boids> [ within-cohesion-neighborhood? ] with filter ;
+:: alignment-force ( OTHERS SELF BEHAVIOUR -- force )
+  OTHERS average-velocity normalize* BEHAVIOUR weight>> v*n ;
 
-: cohesion-force ( self -- force )
-  dup cohesion-neighborhood
-  dup empty?
-  [ 2drop { 0 0 } ]
-  [ average-position swap pos>> v- normalize* cohesion-weight> v*n ]
+:: separation-force ( OTHERS SELF BEHAVIOUR -- force )
+  SELF pos>> OTHERS average-position v- normalize* BEHAVIOUR weight>> v*n ;
+
+METHOD: force* ( sequence <boid> <cohesion>   -- force ) cohesion-force   ;
+METHOD: force* ( sequence <boid> <alignment>  -- force ) alignment-force  ;
+METHOD: force* ( sequence <boid> <separation> -- force ) separation-force ;
+
+:: force ( OTHERS SELF BEHAVIOUR -- force )
+  SELF OTHERS BEHAVIOUR neighborhood
+    [ { 0 0 } ]
+    [ SELF BEHAVIOUR force* ]
+  if-empty ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: random-boids ( count -- boids )
+  [
+    drop
+    <boid> new
+      2 [ drop         1000 random ] map >>pos
+      2 [ drop -10 10 [a,b] random ] map >>vel
+  ]
+  map ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: draw-boid ( boid -- )
+  glPushMatrix
+    dup pos>> gl-translate-2d
+        vel>> first2 rect> arg rad>deg 0 0 1 glRotated
+    { { 0 5 } { 0 -5 } { 20 0 } } triangle
+    fill-mode
+  glPopMatrix ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: gadget->sky ( gadget -- sky ) { 0 0 } swap dim>> <rectangle> boa ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+USE: syntax ! Switch back to non-multi-method 'TUPLE:' syntax
+
+TUPLE: <boids-gadget> < gadget paused boids behaviours time-slice ;
+
+M:  <boids-gadget> pref-dim*    ( <boids-gadget> -- dim ) drop { 600 400 } ;
+M:  <boids-gadget> ungraft*     ( <boids-gadget> --     ) t >>paused drop  ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: iterate-system ( BOIDS-GADGET -- )
+
+  [let | SKY        [ BOIDS-GADGET gadget->sky   ]
+         BOIDS      [ BOIDS-GADGET boids>>       ]
+         TIME-SLICE [ BOIDS-GADGET time-slice>>  ]
+         BEHAVIOURS [ BOIDS-GADGET behaviours>>  ] |
+
+    BOIDS
+
+      [| SELF |
+
+        [wlet | force-due-to [| BEHAVIOUR | BOIDS SELF BEHAVIOUR force ] |
+
+          ! F = m a. M is 1. So F = a.
+            
+          [let | ACCEL [ BEHAVIOURS [ force-due-to ] map vsum ] |
+
+            [let | POS [ SELF pos>> SELF vel>> TIME-SLICE v*n v+ ]
+                   VEL [ SELF vel>> ACCEL      TIME-SLICE v*n v+ ] |
+
+              [let | POS [ POS SKY wrap   ]
+                     VEL [ VEL normalize* ] |
+                    
+                T{ <boid> f POS VEL } ] ] ] ]
+
+      ]
+      
+    map
+
+    BOIDS-GADGET (>>boids) ] ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+M:: <boids-gadget> draw-gadget* ( BOIDS-GADGET -- )
+  origin get
+    [ BOIDS-GADGET boids>> [ draw-boid ] each ]
+  with-translation ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: start-boids-thread ( GADGET -- )
+  GADGET f >>paused drop
+  [
+    [
+      GADGET paused>>
+        [ f ]
+        [ GADGET iterate-system GADGET relayout-1 1 milliseconds sleep t ]
+      if
+    ]
+    loop
+  ]
+  in-thread ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: default-behaviours ( -- seq )
+  { <cohesion> <alignment> <separation> } [ new ] map ;
+
+: boids-gadget ( -- gadget )
+  <boids-gadget> new-gadget
+    100 random-boids   >>boids
+    default-behaviours >>behaviours
+    10                 >>time-slice
+    t                  >>clipped? ;
+
+: run-boids ( -- ) boids-gadget dup "Boids" open-window start-boids-thread ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+USING: math.parser
+       ui.gadgets.labels
+       ui.gadgets.buttons
+       ui.gadgets.packs ;
+
+: truncate-number ( n -- n ) 10 * round 10 / ;
+
+:: make-behaviour-control ( NAME BEHAVIOUR -- gadget )
+  [let | NAME-LABEL  [ NAME           <label> reverse-video-theme ]
+         VALUE-LABEL [ 20 32 <string> <label> reverse-video-theme ] |
+
+    [wlet | update-value-label [ ! ( -- )
+              BEHAVIOUR weight>> truncate-number number>string
+              VALUE-LABEL
+              set-label-string ] |
+
+      update-value-label
+      
+    <pile> 1 >>fill
+      { 1 0 } <track>
+        NAME-LABEL  0.5 track-add
+        VALUE-LABEL 0.5 track-add
+      add-gadget
+      
+      "+0.1"
+      [
+        drop
+        BEHAVIOUR [ 0.1 + ] change-weight drop
+        update-value-label
+      ]
+      <bevel-button> add-gadget
+      
+      "-0.1"
+      [
+        drop
+        BEHAVIOUR weight>> 0.1 >
+        [
+          BEHAVIOUR [ 0.1 - ] change-weight drop
+          update-value-label
+        ]
+        when
+      ]
+      <bevel-button> add-gadget ] ] ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: make-population-control ( BOIDS-GADGET -- gadget )
+  [let | VALUE-LABEL [ 20 32 <string> <label> reverse-video-theme ] |
+
+    [wlet | update-value-label [ ( -- )
+              BOIDS-GADGET boids>> length number>string
+              VALUE-LABEL
+              set-label-string ] |
+
+      update-value-label
+      
+      <pile> 1 >>fill
+    
+        { 1 0 } <track>
+          "Population: " <label> reverse-video-theme 0.5 track-add
+          VALUE-LABEL                                0.5 track-add
+        add-gadget
+
+        "Add 10"
+        [
+          drop
+          BOIDS-GADGET
+            BOIDS-GADGET boids>> 10 random-boids append
+          >>boids
+          drop
+          update-value-label
+        ]
+        <bevel-button>
+        add-gadget
+
+        "Sub 10"
+        [
+          drop
+          BOIDS-GADGET boids>> length 10 >
+          [
+            BOIDS-GADGET
+              BOIDS-GADGET boids>> 10 tail
+            >>boids
+            drop
+            update-value-label
+          ]
+          when
+        ]
+        <bevel-button>
+        add-gadget ] ] ( gadget -- gadget ) ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: pause-toggle ( BOIDS-GADGET -- )
+  BOIDS-GADGET paused>>
+    [ BOIDS-GADGET start-boids-thread ]
+    [ BOIDS-GADGET t >>paused drop    ]
   if ;
 
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+:: randomize-boids ( BOIDS-GADGET -- )
+  BOIDS-GADGET   BOIDS-GADGET boids>> length random-boids   >>boids drop ;
 
-! self_position - average_position(neighbors)
+: boids-app ( -- )
 
-: within-separation-neighborhood? ( self other -- ? )
-  { [ separation-radius> in-range? ]
-    [ separation-view-angle> in-view? ]
-    [ eq? not ] }
-  2&& ;
+  [let | BOIDS-GADGET [ boids-gadget ] |
 
-: separation-neighborhood ( self -- boids )
-  boids> [ within-separation-neighborhood? ] with filter ;
+    <frame>
 
-: separation-force ( self -- force )
-  dup separation-neighborhood
-  dup empty?
-  [ 2drop { 0 0 } ]
-  [ average-position swap pos>> swap v- normalize* separation-weight> v*n ]
-  if ;
+      <shelf>
+
+        1 >>fill
+
+        "Pause" [ drop BOIDS-GADGET pause-toggle ] <bevel-button> add-gadget
+
+        "Randomize"
+        [ drop BOIDS-GADGET randomize-boids ] <bevel-button> add-gadget
+
+        BOIDS-GADGET make-population-control add-gadget
+    
+        "Cohesion:   " BOIDS-GADGET behaviours>> first  make-behaviour-control 
+        "Alignment:  " BOIDS-GADGET behaviours>> second make-behaviour-control
+        "Separation: " BOIDS-GADGET behaviours>> third  make-behaviour-control
+
+        [ add-gadget ] tri@
+
+      @top grid-add
+
+      BOIDS-GADGET @center grid-add
+
+    "Boids" open-window
+
+    BOIDS-GADGET start-boids-thread ] ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-! average_velocity(neighbors)
-
-: within-alignment-neighborhood? ( self other -- ? )
-  { [ alignment-radius> in-range? ]
-    [ alignment-view-angle> in-view? ]
-    [ eq? not ] }
-  2&& ;
-
-: alignment-neighborhood ( self -- boids )
-boids> [ within-alignment-neighborhood? ] with filter ;
-
-: alignment-force ( self -- force )
-  alignment-neighborhood
-  dup empty?
-  [ drop { 0 0 } ]
-  [ average-velocity normalize* alignment-weight> v*n ]
-  if ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-! F = m a
-!
-! We let m be equal to 1 so then this is simply: F = a
-
-: acceleration ( boid -- acceleration )
-  { separation-force alignment-force cohesion-force } map-exec-with vsum ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-! iterate-boid
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: world-width ( -- w ) world-size> first ;
-
-: world-height ( -- w ) world-size> second ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: below? ( n a b -- ? ) drop < ;
-
-: above? ( n a b -- ? ) nip > ;
-
-: wrap ( n a b -- n )
-{ { [ 3dup below? ]
-    [ 2nip ] }
-  { [ 3dup above? ]
-    [ drop nip ] }
-  { [ t ]
-    [ 2drop ] } }
-cond ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: wrap-x ( x -- x ) 0 world-width 1- wrap ;
-
-: wrap-y ( y -- y ) 0 world-height 1- wrap ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: new-pos ( boid -- pos ) [ pos>> ] [ vel>> time-slice> v*n ] bi v+ ;
-
-: new-vel ( boid -- vel )
-  [ vel>> ] [ acceleration time-slice> v*n ] bi v+ normalize* ;
-
-: wrap-pos ( pos -- pos ) { [ wrap-x ] [ wrap-y ] } parallel-call ;
-
-: iterate-boid ( self -- self ) [ new-pos wrap-pos ] [ new-vel ] bi <boid> ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: iterate-boids ( -- ) boids> [ iterate-boid ] map >boids ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: init-boids ( -- ) 100 random-boids >boids ;
-
-: init-world-size ( -- ) { 100 100 } >world-size ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: randomize ( -- ) boids> length random-boids >boids ;
-
-: inc* ( variable -- ) dup  get 0.1 +  0 1 constrain  swap set ;
-
-: dec* ( variable -- ) dup  get 0.1 -  0 1 constrain  swap set ;
+: boids-main ( -- ) [ boids-app ] with-ui ;
 
+MAIN: boids-main
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/boids/ui/ui.factor b/extra/boids/ui/ui.factor
deleted file mode 100755
index ddb25ccd8d..0000000000
--- a/extra/boids/ui/ui.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-
-USING: combinators.short-circuit kernel namespaces
-       math
-       math.trig
-       math.functions
-       math.vectors
-       math.parser
-       hashtables sequences threads
-       colors
-       opengl
-       opengl.gl
-       ui
-       ui.gadgets
-       ui.gadgets.handler
-       ui.gadgets.slate
-       ui.gadgets.theme
-       ui.gadgets.frames
-       ui.gadgets.labels
-       ui.gadgets.buttons
-       ui.gadgets.packs
-       ui.gadgets.grids
-       ui.gestures
-       assocs.lib vars rewrite-closures boids accessors
-       math.geometry.rect
-       newfx
-       processing.shapes ;
-
-IN: boids.ui
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-! draw-boid
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: draw-boid ( boid -- )
-  glPushMatrix
-    dup pos>> gl-translate-2d
-        vel>> first2 rect> arg rad>deg 0 0 1 glRotated
-    { { 0 5 } { 0 -5 } { 20 0 } } triangle
-    fill-mode
-  glPopMatrix ;
-
-: draw-boids ( -- ) boids> [ draw-boid ] each ;
-
-: boid-color ( -- color ) T{ rgba f 1.0 0 0 0.3 } ;
-
-: display ( -- )
-  boid-color >fill-color
-  draw-boids ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-VAR: slate
-
-VAR: loop
-
-: run ( -- )
-  slate> rect-dim >world-size
-  iterate-boids
-  slate> relayout-1
-  yield
-  loop> [ run ] when ;
-
-: button* ( string quot -- button ) closed-quot <bevel-button> ;
-
-: toggle-loop ( -- ) loop> [ loop off ] [ loop on [ run ] in-thread ] if ;
-
-VARS: population-label cohesion-label alignment-label separation-label ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: update-population-label ( -- )
-  "Population: " boids> length number>string append
-  20 32 pad-right population-label> set-label-string ;
-
-: add-10-boids ( -- )
-  boids> 10 random-boids append >boids update-population-label ;
-
-: sub-10-boids ( -- )
-  boids> 10 tail >boids update-population-label ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: truncate-value ( n -- n ) 10 * round 10 / ;
-
-: update-cohesion-label ( -- )
-  "Cohesion: " cohesion-weight> truncate-value number>string append
-  20 32 pad-right cohesion-label> set-label-string ;
-
-: update-alignment-label ( -- )
-  "Alignment: " alignment-weight> truncate-value number>string append
-  20 32 pad-right alignment-label> set-label-string ;
-
-: update-separation-label ( -- )
-  "Separation: " separation-weight> truncate-value number>string append
-  20 32 pad-right separation-label> set-label-string ;
-
-: inc-cohesion-weight ( -- ) cohesion-weight inc* update-cohesion-label ;
-: dec-cohesion-weight ( -- ) cohesion-weight dec* update-cohesion-label ;
-
-: inc-alignment-weight ( -- ) alignment-weight inc* update-alignment-label ;
-: dec-alignment-weight ( -- ) alignment-weight dec* update-alignment-label ;
-
-: inc-separation-weight ( -- ) separation-weight inc* update-separation-label ;
-: dec-separation-weight ( -- ) separation-weight dec* update-separation-label ;
-
-: boids-window* ( -- )
-  init-variables init-world-size init-boids loop on
-
-  "" <label> reverse-video-theme >population-label update-population-label
-  "" <label> reverse-video-theme >cohesion-label   update-cohesion-label
-  "" <label> reverse-video-theme >alignment-label  update-alignment-label
-  "" <label> reverse-video-theme >separation-label update-separation-label
-
-  <frame>
-
-    <shelf>
-
-       1 >>fill
-
-      "ESC - Pause" [ drop toggle-loop ] button* add-gadget
-    
-      "1 - Randomize" [ drop randomize ] button* add-gadget
-    
-      <pile> 1 >>fill
-        population-label> add-gadget
-        "3 - Add 10" [ drop add-10-boids ] button* add-gadget
-        "2 - Sub 10" [ drop sub-10-boids ] button* add-gadget
-      add-gadget
-    
-      <pile> 1 >>fill
-        cohesion-label> add-gadget
-        "q - +0.1" [ drop inc-cohesion-weight ] button* add-gadget
-        "a - -0.1" [ drop dec-cohesion-weight ] button* add-gadget
-      add-gadget
-
-      <pile> 1 >>fill
-        alignment-label> add-gadget
-        "w - +0.1" [ drop inc-alignment-weight ] button* add-gadget
-        "s - -0.1" [ drop dec-alignment-weight ] button* add-gadget
-      add-gadget
-
-      <pile> 1 >>fill
-        separation-label> add-gadget
-        "e - +0.1" [ drop inc-separation-weight ] button* add-gadget
-        "d - -0.1" [ drop dec-separation-weight ] button* add-gadget
-      add-gadget
-
-    @top grid-add
-
-    C[ display ] <slate>
-      dup                    >slate
-      t                      >>clipped?
-      { 600 400 }            >>pdim
-      C[ [ run ] in-thread ] >>graft
-      C[ loop off ]          >>ungraft
-    @center grid-add
-
-  <handler> 
-    H{ } clone
-      T{ key-down f f "1"   } C[ drop randomize             ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "2"   } C[ drop sub-10-boids          ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "3"   } C[ drop add-10-boids          ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "q"   } C[ drop inc-cohesion-weight   ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "a"   } C[ drop dec-cohesion-weight   ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "w"   } C[ drop inc-alignment-weight  ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "s"   } C[ drop dec-alignment-weight  ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "e"   } C[ drop inc-separation-weight ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "d"   } C[ drop dec-separation-weight ] is
-      T{ key-down f f "ESC" } C[ drop toggle-loop           ] is
-    >>table
-
-  "Boids" open-window ;
-
-: boids-window ( -- ) [ [ boids-window* ] with-scope ] with-ui ;
-
-MAIN: boids-window
diff --git a/extra/cairo/samples/samples.factor b/extra/cairo/samples/samples.factor
index 0f21142f2a..bdd02c9e13 100644
--- a/extra/cairo/samples/samples.factor
+++ b/extra/cairo/samples/samples.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ! http://cairographics.org/samples/
 USING: cairo cairo.ffi locals math.constants math
 io.backend kernel alien.c-types libc namespaces
-cairo.gadgets ui.gadgets accessors ;
+cairo.gadgets ui.gadgets accessors specialized-arrays.double ;
 
 IN: cairo.samples
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ M:: clip-image-gadget render-cairo* ( gadget -- )
 
 TUPLE: dash-gadget < cairo-gadget ;
 M:: dash-gadget render-cairo* ( gadget -- )
-    [let | dashes [ { 50 10 10 10 } >c-double-array ]
+    [let | dashes [ double-array{ 50 10 10 10 } underlying>> ]
            ndash [ 4 ] |
         cr dashes ndash -50 cairo_set_dash
         cr 10 cairo_set_line_width
diff --git a/extra/cap/cap.factor b/extra/cap/cap.factor
index ea5462acf2..716435775d 100644
--- a/extra/cap/cap.factor
+++ b/extra/cap/cap.factor
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors arrays byte-arrays kernel math namespaces
 opengl.gl sequences math.vectors ui graphics.bitmap graphics.viewer
-models opengl.framebuffers ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets fry alien.syntax ;
+models ui.gadgets.worlds ui.gadgets fry alien.syntax ;
 IN: cap
 
 : screenshot-array ( world -- byte-array )
-    dim>> product 3 * <byte-array> ;
+    dim>> [ first 3 * 4 align ] [ second ] bi * <byte-array> ;
 
 : gl-screenshot ( gadget -- byte-array )
     [
diff --git a/extra/cfdg/cfdg.factor b/extra/cfdg/cfdg.factor
index 99d5dbbc48..e1c89374fd 100644
--- a/extra/cfdg/cfdg.factor
+++ b/extra/cfdg/cfdg.factor
@@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ USING: kernel alien.c-types combinators namespaces make arrays
        vars colors self self.slots
        random-weighted colors.hsv cfdg.gl accessors
        ui.gadgets.handler ui.gestures assocs ui.gadgets macros
-       qualified ;
+       qualified specialized-arrays.double ;
+
 QUALIFIED: syntax
+
 IN: cfdg
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 SELF-SLOTS: hsva
 
-: clear-color ( color -- ) set-clear-color GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT glClear ;
+: clear-color ( color -- ) gl-clear-color GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT glClear ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
@@ -49,11 +51,14 @@ VAR: color-stack
 
 : push-color ( -- ) self> color-stack> push   self> clone >self ;
 
-: pop-color ( -- ) color-stack> pop dup >self set-color ;
+: pop-color ( -- ) color-stack> pop dup >self gl-color ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-: double-nth* ( c-array indices -- seq ) swap [ double-nth ] curry map ;
+! : double-nth* ( c-array indices -- seq ) swap [ double-nth ] curry map ;
+
+: double-nth* ( c-array indices -- seq )
+  swap byte-array>double-array [ nth ] curry map ;
 
 : check-size ( modelview -- num ) { 0 1 4 5 } double-nth* [ abs ] map biggest ;
 
@@ -75,16 +80,16 @@ VAR: threshold
     2 * sin ,   2 * cos neg ,   0 ,   0 ,
           0 ,             0 ,   1 ,   0 , 
           0 ,             0 ,   0 ,   1 , ]
-  { } make >c-double-array glMultMatrixd ;
+  double-array{ } make underlying>> glMultMatrixd ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 : circle ( -- )
-  self> set-color
+  self> gl-color
   gluNewQuadric dup 0 0.5 20 10 gluDisk gluDeleteQuadric ;
 
 : triangle ( -- )
-  self> set-color
+  self> gl-color
   GL_POLYGON glBegin
     0    0.577 glVertex2d
     0.5 -0.289 glVertex2d
@@ -92,7 +97,7 @@ VAR: threshold
   glEnd ;
 
 : square ( -- )
-  self> set-color
+  self> gl-color
   GL_POLYGON glBegin
     -0.5  0.5 glVertex2d
      0.5  0.5 glVertex2d
@@ -192,7 +197,7 @@ SYMBOL: dlist
 
   set-initial-color
 
-  self> set-color
+  self> gl-color
 
   start-shape> call
       
@@ -224,13 +229,13 @@ SYMBOL: dlist
 
 : delete-dlist ( -- ) dlist get [ dlist get 1 glDeleteLists dlist off ] when ;
 
-: cfdg-window* ( -- )
+: cfdg-window* ( -- slate )
   C[ display ] <slate>
     { 500 500 }       >>pdim
     C[ delete-dlist ] >>ungraft
   dup "CFDG" open-window ;
 
-: cfdg-window ( -- ) [ cfdg-window* ] with-ui ;
+: cfdg-window ( -- slate ) [ cfdg-window* ] with-ui ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
diff --git a/extra/cfdg/models/game1-turn6/game1-turn6.factor b/extra/cfdg/models/game1-turn6/game1-turn6.factor
index 5e512cd74a..66424acff7 100644
--- a/extra/cfdg/models/game1-turn6/game1-turn6.factor
+++ b/extra/cfdg/models/game1-turn6/game1-turn6.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 USING: kernel namespaces math opengl.gl opengl.glu ui ui.gadgets.slate
-       mortar random-weighted cfdg ;
+       random-weighted cfdg ;
 
 IN: cfdg.models.game1-turn6
 
diff --git a/extra/cfdg/models/sierpinski/sierpinski.factor b/extra/cfdg/models/sierpinski/sierpinski.factor
index 2333506f29..8257302a3e 100644
--- a/extra/cfdg/models/sierpinski/sierpinski.factor
+++ b/extra/cfdg/models/sierpinski/sierpinski.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 USING: kernel namespaces math opengl.gl opengl.glu ui ui.gadgets.slate
-       mortar random-weighted cfdg ;
+       random-weighted cfdg ;
 
 IN: cfdg.models.sierpinski
 
diff --git a/extra/combinators/cleave/enhanced/enhanced.factor b/extra/combinators/cleave/enhanced/enhanced.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b55979a791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/combinators/cleave/enhanced/enhanced.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+USING: combinators.cleave fry kernel macros parser quotations ;
+
+IN: combinators.cleave.enhanced
+
+: \\
+  scan-word literalize parsed
+  scan-word literalize parsed ; parsing
+
+MACRO: bi ( p q -- quot )
+  [ >quot ] dip
+    >quot
+  '[ _ _ [ keep ] dip call ] ;
+
+MACRO: tri ( p q r -- quot )
+  [ >quot ] 2dip
+  [ >quot ] dip
+    >quot
+  '[ _ _ _ [ [ keep ] dip keep ] dip call ] ;
+
+MACRO: bi* ( p q -- quot )
+  [ >quot ] dip
+    >quot
+  '[ _ _ [ dip ] dip call ] ;
+
+MACRO: tri* ( p q r -- quot )
+  [ >quot ] 2dip
+  [ >quot ] dip
+    >quot
+  '[ _ _ _ [ [ 2dip ] dip dip ] dip call ] ;
+
diff --git a/extra/combinators/lib/lib.factor b/extra/combinators/lib/lib.factor
index dd8fbd89f5..0ae86c48c4 100755
--- a/extra/combinators/lib/lib.factor
+++ b/extra/combinators/lib/lib.factor
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ IN: combinators.lib
 ! Generalized versions of core combinators
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-: quad ( x p q r s -- ) >r >r >r keep r> keep r> keep r> call ; inline
+: quad ( x p q r s -- ) [ keep ] 3dip [ keep ] 2dip [ keep ] dip call ; inline
 
 : 4slip ( quot a b c d -- a b c d ) 4 nslip ; inline
 
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ MACRO: construct-slots ( assoc tuple-class -- tuple )
     >r pick >r with r> r> swapd with ;
 
 : or? ( obj quot1 quot2 -- ? )
-    >r keep r> rot [ 2nip ] [ call ] if* ; inline
+    [ keep ] dip rot [ 2nip ] [ call ] if* ; inline
 
 : and? ( obj quot1 quot2 -- ? )
-    >r keep r> rot [ call ] [ 2drop f ] if ; inline
+    [ keep ] dip rot [ call ] [ 2drop f ] if ; inline
 
 MACRO: multikeep ( word out-indexes -- ... )
     [
@@ -139,15 +139,15 @@ MACRO: multikeep ( word out-indexes -- ... )
     [ drop ] rot compose attempt-all ; inline
 
 : do-while ( pred body tail -- )
-    >r tuck 2slip r> while ; inline
+    [ tuck 2slip ] dip while ; inline
 
 : generate ( generator predicate -- obj )
-    [ dup ] swap [ dup [ nip ] unless not ] 3compose
+    '[ dup @ dup [ nip ] unless not ]
     swap [ ] do-while ;
 
 MACRO: predicates ( seq -- quot/f )
     dup [ 1quotation [ drop ] prepend ] map
-    >r [ [ dup ] prepend ] map r> zip [ drop f ] suffix
+    [ [ [ dup ] prepend ] map ] dip zip [ drop f ] suffix
     [ cond ] curry ;
 
 : %chance ( quot n -- ) 100 random > swap when ; inline
diff --git a/extra/contributors/contributors.factor b/extra/contributors/contributors.factor
index 9f2d5a55fa..4d6479db91 100755
--- a/extra/contributors/contributors.factor
+++ b/extra/contributors/contributors.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007 Slava Pestov.
+! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: io.files io.launcher io.styles io.encodings.ascii io
-hashtables kernel sequences sequences.lib assocs system sorting
+USING: io.files io.launcher io.styles io.encodings.ascii
+prettyprint io hashtables kernel sequences assocs system sorting
 math.parser sets ;
 IN: contributors
 
 : changelog ( -- authors )
     image parent-directory [
-        "git-log --pretty=format:%an" ascii <process-reader> lines
+        "git log --pretty=format:%an" ascii <process-reader> lines
     ] with-directory ;
 
 : patch-counts ( authors -- assoc )
@@ -16,15 +16,8 @@ IN: contributors
     { } map>assoc ;
 
 : contributors ( -- )
-    changelog patch-counts sort-values <reversed>
-    standard-table-style [
-        [
-            [
-                first2 swap
-                [ write ] with-cell
-                [ number>string write ] with-cell
-            ] with-row
-        ] each
-    ] tabular-output ;
+    changelog patch-counts
+    sort-values <reversed>
+    simple-table. ;
 
 MAIN: contributors
diff --git a/extra/coroutines/authors.txt b/extra/coroutines/authors.txt
index 7edcfdd138..1a2b8570c4 100644
--- a/extra/coroutines/authors.txt
+++ b/extra/coroutines/authors.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 Chris Double
 Clemens F. Hofreither
+James Cash
diff --git a/extra/coroutines/coroutines-docs.factor b/extra/coroutines/coroutines-docs.factor
index 327c60e017..6c6bffa64d 100644
--- a/extra/coroutines/coroutines-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/coroutines/coroutines-docs.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither.
+! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither, 2008 James Cash.
 USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
 IN: coroutines
 
@@ -46,7 +46,13 @@ HELP: coyield*
 HELP: coterminate
 { $values { "v" "an object" } }
 { $description "Terminate the current coroutine, leaving the value v on the stack when control is passed to the " { $link coresume } " caller. Resuming a terminated coroutine is a no-op." }
-{ $see-also coyield }
+{ $see-also coyield coreset }
+;
+
+HELP: coreset
+{ $values { "v" "an object" } }
+{ $description "Reset the current coroutine, leaving the value v on the stack when control is passed to the " { $link coresume } " caller. When the coroutine is resumed, it will continue at the beginning of the coroutine." }
+{ $see-also coyield coterminate }
 ;
 
 HELP: current-coro
diff --git a/extra/coroutines/coroutines-tests.factor b/extra/coroutines/coroutines-tests.factor
index 6710452b22..e07e9725d0 100644
--- a/extra/coroutines/coroutines-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/coroutines/coroutines-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither.
+! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither, 2008 James Cash.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 IN: coroutines.tests
 USING: coroutines kernel sequences prettyprint tools.test math ;
@@ -17,3 +17,5 @@ test1 dup *coresume . dup *coresume . dup *coresume . dup *coresume 2drop
   [ [ coyield* ] each ] cocreate ;
 
 { "c" "b" "a" } [ test3 { "a" "b" "c" } over coresume >r dup *coresume >r *coresume r> r> ] unit-test
+
+{ 4+2/3 } [ [ 1+ coyield 2 * coyield 3 / coreset ] cocreate 1 5 [ over coresume ] times nip ] unit-test
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/coroutines/coroutines.factor b/extra/coroutines/coroutines.factor
index dc594abd2d..51276336e3 100644
--- a/extra/coroutines/coroutines.factor
+++ b/extra/coroutines/coroutines.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither.
+! Copyright (C) 2005 Chris Double, 2007 Clemens Hofreither, 2008 James Cash.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel hashtables namespaces make continuations quotations
 accessors ;
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ IN: coroutines
 
 SYMBOL: current-coro
 
-TUPLE: coroutine resumecc exitcc ;
+TUPLE: coroutine resumecc exitcc originalcc ;
 
 : cocreate ( quot -- co )
   coroutine new
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ TUPLE: coroutine resumecc exitcc ;
   [ swapd , , \ bind , 
     "Coroutine has terminated illegally." , \ throw ,
   ] [ ] make
-  >>resumecc ;
+  [ >>resumecc ] [ >>originalcc ] bi ;
 
 : coresume ( v co -- result )
   [ 
     >>exitcc
     resumecc>> call
     #! At this point, the coroutine quotation must have terminated
-    #! normally (without calling coyield or coterminate). This shouldn't happen.
+    #! normally (without calling coyield, coreset, or coterminate). This shouldn't happen.
     f over
   ] callcc1 2nip ;
 
@@ -43,3 +43,8 @@ TUPLE: coroutine resumecc exitcc ;
   current-coro get
   [ ] >>resumecc
   exitcc>> continue-with ;
+
+: coreset ( v --  )
+  current-coro get dup
+  originalcc>> >>resumecc
+  exitcc>> continue-with ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/crypto/timing/timing.factor b/extra/crypto/timing/timing.factor
index a17d65d90b..8fdb807c6a 100644
--- a/extra/crypto/timing/timing.factor
+++ b/extra/crypto/timing/timing.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-USING: kernel math threads system ;
+USING: kernel math threads system calendar ;
 IN: crypto.timing
 
 : with-timing ( quot n -- )
     #! force the quotation to execute in, at minimum, n milliseconds
-    millis 2slip millis - + sleep ; inline
+    millis 2slip millis - + milliseconds sleep ; inline
diff --git a/extra/display-stack/display-stack.factor b/extra/display-stack/display-stack.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 98af43fec8..0000000000
--- a/extra/display-stack/display-stack.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-
-USING: kernel namespaces sequences math
-       listener io prettyprint sequences.lib bake bake.fry ;
-
-IN: display-stack
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-SYMBOL: watched-variables
-
-: watch-var ( sym -- ) watched-variables get push ;
-
-: watch-vars ( seq -- ) watched-variables get [ push ] curry each ;
-
-: unwatch-var ( sym -- ) watched-variables get delete ;
-
-: unwatch-vars ( seq -- ) watched-variables get [ delete ] curry each ;
-
-: print-watched-variables ( -- )
-  watched-variables get length 0 >
-    [
-      "----------" print
-      watched-variables get
-        watched-variables get [ unparse ] map longest length 2 +
-        '[ [ unparse ": " append , 32 pad-right write ] [ get . ] bi ]
-      each
-
-    ]
-  when ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: display-stack ( -- )
-  V{ } clone watched-variables set
-    [
-      print-watched-variables
-      "----------" print
-      datastack [ . ] each
-      "----------" print
-      retainstack reverse [ . ] each
-    ]
-  listener-hook set ;
-
diff --git a/extra/flatland/flatland.factor b/extra/flatland/flatland.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c98c5a6c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/flatland/flatland.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+
+USING: accessors arrays fry kernel math math.vectors sequences
+       math.intervals
+       multi-methods
+       combinators.cleave.enhanced
+       multi-method-syntax ;
+
+IN: flatland
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! Two dimensional world protocol
+
+GENERIC: x ( obj -- x )
+GENERIC: y ( obj -- y )
+
+GENERIC: (x!) ( x obj -- )
+GENERIC: (y!) ( y obj -- )
+
+: x! ( obj x -- obj ) over (x!) ;
+: y! ( obj y -- obj ) over (y!) ;
+
+GENERIC: width  ( obj -- width  )
+GENERIC: height ( obj -- height )
+
+GENERIC: (width!)  ( width  obj -- )
+GENERIC: (height!) ( height obj -- )
+
+: width!  ( obj width  -- obj ) over (width!) ;
+: height! ( obj height -- obj ) over (width!) ;
+
+! Predicates on relative placement
+
+GENERIC: to-the-left-of?  ( obj obj -- ? )
+GENERIC: to-the-right-of? ( obj obj -- ? )
+
+GENERIC: below? ( obj obj -- ? )
+GENERIC: above? ( obj obj -- ? )
+
+GENERIC: in-between-horizontally? ( obj obj -- ? )
+
+GENERIC: horizontal-interval ( obj -- interval )
+
+GENERIC: move-to ( obj obj -- )
+
+GENERIC: move-by ( obj delta -- )
+
+GENERIC: move-left-by  ( obj obj -- )
+GENERIC: move-right-by ( obj obj -- )
+
+GENERIC: left   ( obj -- left   )
+GENERIC: right  ( obj -- right  )
+GENERIC: bottom ( obj -- bottom )
+GENERIC: top    ( obj -- top    )
+
+GENERIC: distance ( a b -- c )
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! Some of the above methods work on two element sequences.
+! A two element sequence may represent a point in space or describe
+! width and height.
+
+METHOD: x ( sequence -- x ) first  ;
+METHOD: y ( sequence -- y ) second ;
+
+METHOD: (x!) ( number sequence -- ) set-first  ;
+METHOD: (y!) ( number sequence -- ) set-second ;
+
+METHOD: width  ( sequence -- width  ) first  ;
+METHOD: height ( sequence -- height ) second ;
+
+: changed-x ( seq quot -- ) over [ [ x ] dip call ] dip (x!) ; inline
+: changed-y ( seq quot -- ) over [ [ y ] dip call ] dip (y!) ; inline
+
+METHOD: move-to ( sequence sequence -- )         [ x x! ] [ y y! ] bi drop ;
+METHOD: move-by ( sequence sequence -- ) dupd v+ [ x x! ] [ y y! ] bi drop ;
+
+METHOD: move-left-by  ( sequence number -- ) '[ _ - ] changed-x ;
+METHOD: move-right-by ( sequence number -- ) '[ _ + ] changed-x ;
+
+! METHOD: move-left-by  ( sequence number -- ) neg 0 2array move-by ;
+! METHOD: move-right-by ( sequence number -- )     0 2array move-by ;
+
+! METHOD:: move-left-by  ( SEQ:sequence X:number -- )
+!   SEQ { X 0 } { -1 0 } v* move-by ;
+
+METHOD: distance ( sequence sequence -- dist ) v- norm ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! A class for objects with a position
+
+TUPLE: <pos> pos ;
+
+METHOD: x ( <pos> -- x ) pos>> first  ;
+METHOD: y ( <pos> -- y ) pos>> second ;
+
+METHOD: (x!) ( number <pos> -- ) pos>> set-first  ;
+METHOD: (y!) ( number <pos> -- ) pos>> set-second ;
+
+METHOD: to-the-left-of?  ( <pos> number -- ? ) [ x ] dip < ;
+METHOD: to-the-right-of? ( <pos> number -- ? ) [ x ] dip > ;
+
+METHOD: move-left-by  ( <pos> number -- ) [ pos>> ] dip move-left-by  ;
+METHOD: move-right-by ( <pos> number -- ) [ pos>> ] dip move-right-by ;
+
+METHOD: above? ( <pos> number -- ? ) [ y ] dip > ;
+METHOD: below? ( <pos> number -- ? ) [ y ] dip < ;
+
+METHOD: move-by ( <pos> sequence -- ) '[ _ v+ ] change-pos drop ;
+
+METHOD: distance ( <pos> <pos> -- dist ) [ pos>> ] bi@ distance ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! A class for objects with velocity. It inherits from <pos>. Hey, if
+! it's moving it has a position right? Unless it's some alternate universe...
+
+TUPLE: <vel> < <pos> vel ;
+
+: moving-up?   ( obj -- ? ) vel>> y 0 > ;
+: moving-down? ( obj -- ? ) vel>> y 0 < ;
+
+: step-size ( vel time -- dist ) [ vel>> ] dip v*n      ;
+: move-for  ( vel time --      ) dupd step-size move-by ;
+
+: reverse-horizontal-velocity ( vel -- ) vel>> [ x neg ] [ ] bi (x!) ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! The 'pos' slot indicates the lower left hand corner of the
+! rectangle. The 'dim' is holds the width and height.
+
+TUPLE: <rectangle> < <pos> dim ;
+
+METHOD: width  ( <rectangle> -- width  ) dim>> first  ;
+METHOD: height ( <rectangle> -- height ) dim>> second ;
+
+METHOD: left   ( <rectangle> -- x )    x             ;
+METHOD: right  ( <rectangle> -- x ) \\ x width  bi + ;
+METHOD: bottom ( <rectangle> -- y )    y             ;
+METHOD: top    ( <rectangle> -- y ) \\ y height bi + ;
+
+: bottom-left ( rectangle -- pos ) pos>> ;
+
+: center-x ( rectangle -- x ) [ left   ] [ width  2 / ] bi + ;
+: center-y ( rectangle -- y ) [ bottom ] [ height 2 / ] bi + ;
+
+: center ( rectangle -- seq ) \\ center-x center-y bi 2array ;
+
+METHOD: to-the-left-of?  ( <pos> <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ x left  bi* < ;
+METHOD: to-the-right-of? ( <pos> <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ x right bi* > ;
+
+METHOD: below? ( <pos> <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ y bottom bi* < ;
+METHOD: above? ( <pos> <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ y top    bi* > ;
+
+METHOD: horizontal-interval ( <rectangle> -- interval )
+  \\ left right bi [a,b] ;
+
+METHOD: in-between-horizontally? ( <pos> <rectangle> -- ? )
+  \\ x horizontal-interval bi* interval-contains? ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+TUPLE: <extent> left right bottom top ;
+
+METHOD: left   ( <extent> -- left   ) left>>   ;
+METHOD: right  ( <extent> -- right  ) right>>  ;
+METHOD: bottom ( <extent> -- bottom ) bottom>> ;
+METHOD: top    ( <extent> -- top    ) top>>    ;
+
+METHOD: width  ( <extent> -- width  ) \\ right>> left>>   bi - ;
+METHOD: height ( <extent> -- height ) \\ top>>   bottom>> bi - ;
+
+! METHOD: to-extent ( <rectangle> -- <extent> )
+!   { [ left>> ] [ right>> ] [ bottom>> ] [ top>> ] } cleave <extent> boa ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+METHOD: to-the-left-of?  ( sequence <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ x left  bi* < ;
+METHOD: to-the-right-of? ( sequence <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ x right bi* > ;
+
+METHOD: below? ( sequence <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ y bottom bi* < ;
+METHOD: above? ( sequence <rectangle> -- ? ) \\ y top    bi* > ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! Some support for the' 'rect' class from math.geometry.rect'
+
+! METHOD: width  ( rect -- width  ) dim>> first  ;
+! METHOD: height ( rect -- height ) dim>> second ;
+
+! METHOD: left  ( rect -- left  ) loc>> x
+! METHOD: right ( rect -- right ) [ loc>> x ] [ width ] bi + ;
+
+! METHOD: to-the-left-of?  ( sequence rect -- ? ) [ x ] [ loc>> x ] bi* < ;
+! METHOD: to-the-right-of? ( sequence rect -- ? ) [ x ] [ loc>> x ] bi* > ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+USING: locals combinators ; 
+
+:: wrap ( POINT RECT -- POINT )
+    
+  {
+      { [ POINT RECT to-the-left-of?  ] [ RECT right ] }
+      { [ POINT RECT to-the-right-of? ] [ RECT left  ] }
+      { [ t                           ] [ POINT x    ] }
+  }
+  cond
+
+  {
+      { [ POINT RECT below? ] [ RECT top    ] }
+      { [ POINT RECT above? ] [ RECT bottom ] }
+      { [ t                 ] [ POINT y     ] }
+  }
+  cond
+
+  2array ;
diff --git a/extra/ftp/client/client.factor b/extra/ftp/client/client.factor
index 9b9a2214c1..9c82cdbb50 100644
--- a/extra/ftp/client/client.factor
+++ b/extra/ftp/client/client.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 USING: accessors arrays classes.singleton combinators
 continuations io io.encodings.binary io.encodings.utf8
 io.files io.sockets kernel io.streams.duplex math
-math.parser sequences splitting namespaces strings fry ftp ;
+math.parser sequences splitting namespaces strings fry ftp
+ftp.client.listing-parser urls ;
 IN: ftp.client
 
 : (ftp-response-code) ( str -- n )
@@ -24,145 +25,86 @@ IN: ftp.client
     [ fourth CHAR: - = ] tri
     [ read-response-loop ] when ;
 
+ERROR: ftp-error got expected ;
+
+: ftp-assert ( ftp-response n -- )
+    2dup [ n>> ] dip = [ 2drop ] [ ftp-error ] if ;
+
 : ftp-command ( string -- ftp-response )
     ftp-send read-response ;
 
-: ftp-user ( ftp-client -- ftp-response )
-    user>> "USER " prepend ftp-command ;
+: ftp-user ( url -- ftp-response )
+    username>> "USER " prepend ftp-command ;
 
-: ftp-password ( ftp-client -- ftp-response )
+: ftp-password ( url -- ftp-response )
     password>> "PASS " prepend ftp-command ;
 
-: ftp-set-binary ( -- ftp-response )
-    "TYPE I" ftp-command ;
-
-: ftp-pwd ( -- ftp-response )
-    "PWD" ftp-command ;
-
-: ftp-list ( -- ftp-response )
-    "LIST" ftp-command ;
-
-: ftp-quit ( -- ftp-response )
-    "QUIT" ftp-command ;
-
 : ftp-cwd ( directory -- ftp-response )
     "CWD " prepend ftp-command ;
 
 : ftp-retr ( filename -- ftp-response )
     "RETR " prepend ftp-command ;
 
-: parse-epsv ( ftp-response -- port )
-    strings>> first
-    "|" split 2 tail* first string>number ;
+: ftp-set-binary ( -- ftp-response ) "TYPE I" ftp-command ;
 
-TUPLE: remote-file
-type permissions links owner group size month day time year
-name target ;
+: ftp-pwd ( -- ftp-response ) "PWD" ftp-command ;
 
-: <remote-file> ( -- remote-file ) remote-file new ;
+: ftp-list ( -- )
+    "LIST" ftp-command 150 ftp-assert ;
 
-: parse-permissions ( remote-file str -- remote-file )
-    [ first ch>type >>type ] [ rest >>permissions ] bi ;
-
-: parse-list-11 ( lines -- seq )
-    [
-        11 f pad-right
-        <remote-file> swap {
-            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
-            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
-            [ 2 swap nth >>owner ]
-            [ 3 swap nth >>group ]
-            [ 4 swap nth string>number >>size ]
-            [ 5 swap nth >>month ]
-            [ 6 swap nth >>day ]
-            [ 7 swap nth >>time ]
-            [ 8 swap nth >>name ]
-            [ 10 swap nth >>target ]
-        } cleave
-    ] map ;
-
-: parse-list-8 ( lines -- seq )
-    [
-        <remote-file> swap {
-            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
-            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
-            [ 2 swap nth >>owner ]
-            [ 3 swap nth >>size ]
-            [ 4 swap nth >>month ]
-            [ 5 swap nth >>day ]
-            [ 6 swap nth >>time ]
-            [ 7 swap nth >>name ]
-        } cleave
-    ] map ;
-
-: parse-list-3 ( lines -- seq )
-    [
-        <remote-file> swap {
-            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
-            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
-            [ 2 swap nth >>name ]
-        } cleave
-    ] map ;
-
-: parse-list ( ftp-response -- ftp-response )
-    dup strings>>
-    [ " " split harvest ] map
-    dup length {
-        { 11 [ parse-list-11 ] }
-        { 9 [ parse-list-11 ] }
-        { 8 [ parse-list-8 ] }
-        { 3 [ parse-list-3 ] }
-        [ drop ]
-    } case >>parsed ;
+: ftp-quit ( -- ftp-response ) "QUIT" ftp-command ;
 
 : ftp-epsv ( -- ftp-response )
-    "EPSV" ftp-command ;
+    "EPSV" ftp-command dup 229 ftp-assert ;
 
-ERROR: ftp-error got expected ;
-: ftp-assert ( ftp-response n -- )
-    2dup >r n>> r> = [ 2drop ] [ ftp-error ] if ;
+: parse-epsv ( ftp-response -- port )
+    strings>> first "|" split 2 tail* first string>number ;
 
-: ftp-login ( ftp-client -- )
-    read-response 220 ftp-assert
-    [ ftp-user 331 ftp-assert ]
-    [ ftp-password 230 ftp-assert ] bi
-    ftp-set-binary 200 ftp-assert ;
+: open-passive-client ( url protocol -- stream )
+    [ host>> ftp-epsv parse-epsv <inet> ] dip <client> drop ;
 
-: open-remote-port ( -- port )
-    ftp-epsv
-    [ 229 ftp-assert ] [ parse-epsv ] bi ;
-
-: list ( ftp-client -- ftp-response )
-    host>> open-remote-port <inet> utf8 <client> drop
-    ftp-list 150 ftp-assert
+: list ( url -- ftp-response )
+    utf8 open-passive-client
+    ftp-list
     lines
     <ftp-response> swap >>strings
     read-response 226 ftp-assert
     parse-list ;
 
-: ftp-get ( filename ftp-client -- ftp-response )
-    host>> open-remote-port <inet> binary <client> drop
-    swap
+: (ftp-get) ( url path -- )
+    [ binary open-passive-client ] dip
     [ ftp-retr 150 ftp-assert drop ]
     [ binary <file-writer> stream-copy ] 2bi
-    read-response dup 226 ftp-assert ;
+    read-response 226 ftp-assert ;
 
-: ftp-connect ( ftp-client -- stream )
+: ftp-login ( url -- )
+    read-response 220 ftp-assert
+    [ ftp-user 331 ftp-assert ]
+    [ ftp-password 230 ftp-assert ] bi
+    ftp-set-binary 200 ftp-assert ;
+
+: ftp-connect ( url -- stream )
     [ host>> ] [ port>> ] bi <inet> utf8 <client> drop ;
 
-GENERIC: ftp-download ( path obj -- )
+: with-ftp-client ( url quot -- )
+    [ [ ftp-connect ] keep ] dip
+    '[ _ [ ftp-login ] _ bi ftp-quit drop ] with-stream ; inline
 
-: with-ftp-client ( ftp-client quot -- )
-    dupd '[
-        _ [ ftp-login ] [ @ ] bi
-        ftp-quit drop
-    ] >r ftp-connect r> with-stream ; inline
+: ensure-login ( url -- url )
+    dup username>> [
+        "anonymous" >>username
+        "ftp-client" >>password
+    ] unless ;
 
-M: ftp-client ftp-download ( path ftp-client -- )
-    [
-        [ drop parent-directory ftp-cwd drop ]
-        [ >r file-name r> ftp-get drop ] 2bi
+: >ftp-url ( url -- url' ) >url ensure-port ensure-login ;
+
+: ftp-get ( url -- )
+    >ftp-url [
+        dup path>>
+        [ nip parent-directory ftp-cwd drop ]
+        [ file-name (ftp-get) ] 2bi
     ] with-ftp-client ;
 
-M: string ftp-download ( path string -- )
-    <ftp-client> ftp-download ;
+
+
+
diff --git a/basis/unix/statfs/authors.txt b/extra/ftp/client/listing-parser/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from basis/unix/statfs/authors.txt
rename to extra/ftp/client/listing-parser/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/ftp/client/listing-parser/listing-parser.factor b/extra/ftp/client/listing-parser/listing-parser.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04e96ed77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/ftp/client/listing-parser/listing-parser.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors combinators io.files kernel math.parser
+sequences splitting ;
+IN: ftp.client.listing-parser
+
+: ch>file-type ( ch -- type )
+    {
+        { CHAR: b [ +block-device+ ] }
+        { CHAR: c [ +character-device+ ] }
+        { CHAR: d [ +directory+ ] }
+        { CHAR: l [ +symbolic-link+ ] }
+        { CHAR: s [ +socket+ ] }
+        { CHAR: p [ +fifo+ ] }
+        { CHAR: - [ +regular-file+ ] }
+        [ drop +unknown+ ]
+    } case ;
+
+: file-type>ch ( type -- string )
+    {
+        { +block-device+ [ CHAR: b ] }
+        { +character-device+ [ CHAR: c ] }
+        { +directory+ [ CHAR: d ] }
+        { +symbolic-link+ [ CHAR: l ] }
+        { +socket+ [ CHAR: s ] }
+        { +fifo+ [ CHAR: p ] }
+        { +regular-file+ [ CHAR: - ] }
+        [ drop CHAR: - ]
+    } case ;
+
+: parse-permissions ( remote-file str -- remote-file )
+    [ first ch>file-type >>type ] [ rest >>permissions ] bi ;
+
+TUPLE: remote-file
+type permissions links owner group size month day time year
+name target ;
+
+: <remote-file> ( -- remote-file ) remote-file new ;
+
+: parse-list-11 ( lines -- seq )
+    [
+        11 f pad-right
+        <remote-file> swap {
+            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
+            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
+            [ 2 swap nth >>owner ]
+            [ 3 swap nth >>group ]
+            [ 4 swap nth string>number >>size ]
+            [ 5 swap nth >>month ]
+            [ 6 swap nth >>day ]
+            [ 7 swap nth >>time ]
+            [ 8 swap nth >>name ]
+            [ 10 swap nth >>target ]
+        } cleave
+    ] map ;
+
+: parse-list-8 ( lines -- seq )
+    [
+        <remote-file> swap {
+            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
+            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
+            [ 2 swap nth >>owner ]
+            [ 3 swap nth >>size ]
+            [ 4 swap nth >>month ]
+            [ 5 swap nth >>day ]
+            [ 6 swap nth >>time ]
+            [ 7 swap nth >>name ]
+        } cleave
+    ] map ;
+
+: parse-list-3 ( lines -- seq )
+    [
+        <remote-file> swap {
+            [ 0 swap nth parse-permissions ]
+            [ 1 swap nth string>number >>links ]
+            [ 2 swap nth >>name ]
+        } cleave
+    ] map ;
+
+: parse-list ( ftp-response -- ftp-response )
+    dup strings>>
+    [ " " split harvest ] map
+    dup length {
+        { 11 [ parse-list-11 ] }
+        { 9 [ parse-list-11 ] }
+        { 8 [ parse-list-8 ] }
+        { 3 [ parse-list-3 ] }
+        [ drop ]
+    } case >>parsed ;
diff --git a/extra/ftp/ftp.factor b/extra/ftp/ftp.factor
index 1fd97df6d5..adf7d5b41b 100644
--- a/extra/ftp/ftp.factor
+++ b/extra/ftp/ftp.factor
@@ -7,21 +7,6 @@ IN: ftp
 SINGLETON: active
 SINGLETON: passive
 
-TUPLE: ftp-client host port user password mode state
-command-promise ;
-
-: <ftp-client> ( host -- ftp-client )
-    ftp-client new
-        swap >>host
-        21 >>port
-        "anonymous" >>user
-        "ftp@my.org" >>password ;
-
-: reset-ftp-client ( ftp-client -- )
-    f >>user
-    f >>password
-    drop ;
-
 TUPLE: ftp-response n strings parsed ;
 
 : <ftp-response> ( -- ftp-response )
@@ -32,32 +17,5 @@ TUPLE: ftp-response n strings parsed ;
     over strings>> push ;
 
 : ftp-send ( string -- ) write "\r\n" write flush ;
-
 : ftp-ipv4 1 ; inline
 : ftp-ipv6 2 ; inline
-
-
-: ch>type ( ch -- type )
-    {
-        { CHAR: d [ +directory+ ] }
-        { CHAR: l [ +symbolic-link+ ] }
-        { CHAR: - [ +regular-file+ ] }
-        [ drop +unknown+ ]
-    } case ;
-
-: type>ch ( type -- string )
-    {   
-        { +directory+ [ CHAR: d ] }
-        { +symbolic-link+ [ CHAR: l ] }
-        { +regular-file+ [ CHAR: - ] }
-        [ drop CHAR: - ]
-    } case ;
-
-: file-info>string ( file-info name -- string )
-    >r [ [ type>> type>ch 1string ] [ drop "rwx------" append ] bi ]
-    [ size>> number>string 15 CHAR: \s pad-left ] bi r>
-    3array " " join ;
-
-: directory-list ( -- seq )
-    "" directory-files
-    [ [ link-info ] keep file-info>string ] map ;
diff --git a/extra/ftp/server/server.factor b/extra/ftp/server/server.factor
index 3ecf8d2f3f..342c6a3c95 100644
--- a/extra/ftp/server/server.factor
+++ b/extra/ftp/server/server.factor
@@ -6,11 +6,23 @@ io.encodings.utf8 io.files io.sockets kernel math.parser
 namespaces make sequences ftp io.unix.launcher.parser
 unicode.case splitting assocs classes io.servers.connection
 destructors calendar io.timeouts io.streams.duplex threads
-continuations math concurrency.promises byte-arrays ;
+continuations math concurrency.promises byte-arrays
+io.backend sequences.lib tools.hexdump tools.files
+io.streams.string ;
 IN: ftp.server
 
+TUPLE: ftp-client url mode state command-promise user password ;
+
+: <ftp-client> ( url -- ftp-client )
+    ftp-client new
+        swap >>url ;
+    
 SYMBOL: client
 
+: ftp-server-directory ( -- str )
+    \ ftp-server-directory get-global "resource:temp" or
+    normalize-path ;
+
 TUPLE: ftp-command raw tokenized ;
 
 : <ftp-command> ( -- obj )
@@ -19,12 +31,14 @@ TUPLE: ftp-command raw tokenized ;
 TUPLE: ftp-get path ;
 
 : <ftp-get> ( path -- obj )
-    ftp-get new swap >>path ;
+    ftp-get new
+        swap >>path ;
 
 TUPLE: ftp-put path ;
 
 : <ftp-put> ( path -- obj )
-    ftp-put new swap >>path ;
+    ftp-put new
+        swap >>path ;
 
 TUPLE: ftp-list ;
 
@@ -62,7 +76,7 @@ C: <ftp-list> ftp-list
 
 : handle-USER ( ftp-command -- )
     [
-        tokenized>> second client get swap >>user drop
+        tokenized>> second client get (>>user)
         331 "Please specify the password." server-response
     ] [
         2drop "bad USER" ftp-error
@@ -70,7 +84,7 @@ C: <ftp-list> ftp-list
 
 : handle-PASS ( ftp-command -- )
     [
-        tokenized>> second client get swap >>password drop
+        tokenized>> second client get (>>password)
         230 "Login successful" server-response
     ] [
         2drop "PASS error" ftp-error
@@ -101,20 +115,20 @@ ERROR: type-error type ;
 
 : handle-PWD ( obj -- )
     drop
-    257 current-directory get "\"" swap "\"" 3append server-response ;
+    257 current-directory get "\"" "\"" surround server-response ;
 
 : handle-SYST ( obj -- )
     drop
     215 "UNIX Type: L8" server-response ;
 
 : if-command-promise ( quot -- )
-    >r client get command-promise>> r>
+    [ client get command-promise>> ] dip
     [ "Establish an active or passive connection first" ftp-error ] if* ;
 
 : handle-STOR ( obj -- )
     [
         tokenized>> second
-        [ >r <ftp-put> r> fulfill ] if-command-promise
+        [ [ <ftp-put> ] dip fulfill ] if-command-promise
     ] [
         2drop
     ] recover ;
@@ -127,16 +141,16 @@ ERROR: type-error type ;
     150 "Here comes the directory listing." server-response ;
 
 : finish-directory ( -- )
-    226 "Opening " server-response ;
+    226 "Directory send OK." server-response ;
 
 GENERIC: service-command ( stream obj -- )
 
 M: ftp-list service-command ( stream obj -- )
     drop
-    start-directory
-    [
+    start-directory [
         utf8 encode-output
-        directory-list [ ftp-send ] each
+        [ current-directory get directory. ] with-string-writer string-lines
+        harvest [ ftp-send ] each
     ] with-output-stream
     finish-directory ;
 
@@ -145,7 +159,7 @@ M: ftp-list service-command ( stream obj -- )
     rot   
     [ file-name ] [
         " " swap  file-info size>> number>string
-        "(" " bytes)." swapd 3append append
+        "(" " bytes)." surround append
     ] bi 3append server-response ;
 
 : transfer-incoming-file ( path -- )
@@ -191,7 +205,7 @@ M: ftp-put service-command ( stream obj -- )
 
 : handle-LIST ( obj -- )
     drop
-    [ >r <ftp-list> r> fulfill ] if-command-promise ;
+    [ [ <ftp-list> ] dip fulfill ] if-command-promise ;
 
 : handle-SIZE ( obj -- )
     [
@@ -217,7 +231,7 @@ M: ftp-put service-command ( stream obj -- )
     expect-connection
     [
         "Entering Passive Mode (127,0,0,1," %
-        port>bytes [ number>string ] bi@ "," swap 3append %
+        port>bytes [ number>string ] bi@ "," splice %
         ")" %
     ] "" make 227 swap server-response ;
 
@@ -235,14 +249,20 @@ M: ftp-put service-command ( stream obj -- )
 ! : handle-LPRT ( obj -- ) tokenized>> "," split ;
 
 ERROR: not-a-directory ;
+ERROR: no-permissions ;
 
 : handle-CWD ( obj -- )
     [
-        tokenized>> second dup directory? [
+        tokenized>> second dup normalize-path
+        dup ftp-server-directory head? [
+            no-permissions
+        ] unless
+
+        file-info directory? [
             set-current-directory
             250 "Directory successully changed." server-response
         ] [
-            not-a-directory throw
+            not-a-directory
         ] if
     ] [
         2drop
@@ -253,6 +273,7 @@ ERROR: not-a-directory ;
 
 : handle-client-loop ( -- )
     <ftp-command> readln
+    USE: prettyprint    global [ dup . flush ] bind
     [ >>raw ]
     [ tokenize-command >>tokenized ] bi
     dup tokenized>> first >upper {
@@ -310,7 +331,7 @@ TUPLE: ftp-server < threaded-server ;
 M: ftp-server handle-client* ( server -- )
     drop
     [
-        "" [
+        ftp-server-directory [
             host-name <ftp-client> client set
             send-banner handle-client-loop
         ] with-directory
@@ -320,6 +341,7 @@ M: ftp-server handle-client* ( server -- )
     ftp-server new-threaded-server
         swap >>insecure
         "ftp.server" >>name
+        5 minutes >>timeout
         latin1 >>encoding ;
 
 : ftpd ( port -- )
diff --git a/extra/galois-talk/authors.txt b/extra/galois-talk/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/galois-talk/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/extra/galois-talk/summary.txt b/extra/galois-talk/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00f30acf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/galois-talk/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slides from a talk at Galois by Slava Pestov, October 2008
diff --git a/extra/boids/ui/tags.txt b/extra/galois-talk/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/boids/ui/tags.txt
rename to extra/galois-talk/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/game-input/backend/dinput/tags.txt b/extra/game-input/backend/dinput/tags.txt
index 9098dfdba4..82506ff250 100755
--- a/extra/game-input/backend/dinput/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/game-input/backend/dinput/tags.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-input
-gamepads
-joysticks
-windows
+games
diff --git a/extra/game-input/backend/iokit/tags.txt b/extra/game-input/backend/iokit/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 704b10bc4c..82506ff250
--- a/extra/game-input/backend/iokit/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/game-input/backend/iokit/tags.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,2 @@
 unportable
-gamepads
-joysticks
-mac
-input
+games
diff --git a/extra/game-input/backend/tags.txt b/extra/game-input/backend/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 48ad1f6141..84d4140a70
--- a/extra/game-input/backend/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/game-input/backend/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-gamepads
-joysticks
-input
+games
diff --git a/extra/game-input/scancodes/tags.txt b/extra/game-input/scancodes/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 6f4814c59c..84d4140a70
--- a/extra/game-input/scancodes/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/game-input/scancodes/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-keyboard
-input
+games
diff --git a/extra/game-input/tags.txt b/extra/game-input/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index ae360e1776..84d4140a70
--- a/extra/game-input/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/game-input/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1 @@
-joysticks
-gamepads
-input
+games
diff --git a/extra/google-tech-talk/authors.txt b/extra/google-tech-talk/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/google-tech-talk/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/extra/google-tech-talk/summary.txt b/extra/google-tech-talk/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1747a569c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/google-tech-talk/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slides from Google Tech Talk by Slava Pestov, October 2008
diff --git a/extra/golden-section/tags.txt b/extra/google-tech-talk/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/golden-section/tags.txt
rename to extra/google-tech-talk/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/graphics/bitmap/bitmap.factor b/extra/graphics/bitmap/bitmap.factor
index 4d83300934..4c35e3d7d0 100755
--- a/extra/graphics/bitmap/bitmap.factor
+++ b/extra/graphics/bitmap/bitmap.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 
-USING: alien arrays byte-arrays combinators summary
-io.backend graphics.viewer io io.binary io.files kernel libc
-math math.functions namespaces opengl opengl.gl prettyprint
-sequences strings ui ui.gadgets.panes io.encodings.binary
-accessors grouping ;
+USING: alien arrays byte-arrays combinators summary io.backend
+graphics.viewer io io.binary io.files kernel libc math
+math.functions math.bitwise namespaces opengl opengl.gl
+prettyprint sequences strings ui ui.gadgets.panes
+io.encodings.binary accessors grouping ;
 IN: graphics.bitmap
 
 ! Currently can only handle 24bit bitmaps.
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ M: bitmap-magic summary
 
 : parse-bitmap-header ( bitmap -- )
     4 read le> >>header-length
-    4 read le> >>width
-    4 read le> >>height
+    4 read signed-le> >>width
+    4 read signed-le> >>height
     2 read le> >>planes
     2 read le> >>bit-count
     4 read le> >>compression
diff --git a/extra/hardware-info/macosx/macosx.factor b/extra/hardware-info/macosx/macosx.factor
index fe1fd72a21..e3c604f2fd 100644
--- a/extra/hardware-info/macosx/macosx.factor
+++ b/extra/hardware-info/macosx/macosx.factor
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ FUNCTION: int sysctl ( int* name, uint namelen, void* oldp, size_t* oldlenp, voi
 : make-int-array ( seq -- byte-array )
     [ <int> ] map concat ;
 
-: (sysctl-query) ( name namelen oldp oldlenp -- oldp error/f )
-    over >r f 0 sysctl io-error r> ;
+: (sysctl-query) ( name namelen oldp oldlenp -- oldp )
+    over [ f 0 sysctl io-error ] dip ;
 
 : sysctl-query ( seq n -- byte-array )
-    >r [ make-int-array ] [ length ] bi r>
+    [ [ make-int-array ] [ length ] bi ] dip
     [ <byte-array> ] [ <uint> ] bi (sysctl-query) ;
 
 : sysctl-query-string ( seq -- n )
diff --git a/extra/hardware-info/windows/tags.txt b/extra/hardware-info/windows/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 02ec70f741..6bf68304bb
--- a/extra/hardware-info/windows/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/hardware-info/windows/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 unportable
-windows
diff --git a/extra/hardware-info/windows/windows.factor b/extra/hardware-info/windows/windows.factor
index 3162496974..3aa6824ff6 100755
--- a/extra/hardware-info/windows/windows.factor
+++ b/extra/hardware-info/windows/windows.factor
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ IN: hardware-info.windows
 : processor-architecture ( -- n )
     system-info SYSTEM_INFO-dwOemId HEX: ffff0000 bitand ;
 
-: os-version
+: os-version ( -- os-version )
     "OSVERSIONINFO" <c-object>
     "OSVERSIONINFO" heap-size over set-OSVERSIONINFO-dwOSVersionInfoSize
     [ GetVersionEx ] keep swap zero? [ win32-error ] when ;
@@ -67,4 +67,4 @@ IN: hardware-info.windows
 {
     { [ os wince? ] [ "hardware-info.windows.ce" ] }
     { [ os winnt? ] [ "hardware-info.windows.nt" ] }
-} cond [ require ] when* >>
+} cond require >>
diff --git a/extra/hello-world/deploy.factor b/extra/hello-world/deploy.factor
index 219fe0ca05..64ea481b03 100755
--- a/extra/hello-world/deploy.factor
+++ b/extra/hello-world/deploy.factor
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 USING: tools.deploy.config ;
 H{
-    { deploy-c-types? f }
-    { deploy-name "Hello world (console)" }
-    { deploy-threads? f }
+    { deploy-unicode? f }
+    { deploy-reflection 1 }
     { deploy-word-props? f }
-    { deploy-reflection 2 }
-    { deploy-io 2 }
     { deploy-math? f }
+    { deploy-name "Hello world (console)" }
+    { deploy-word-defs? f }
+    { "stop-after-last-window?" t }
     { deploy-ui? f }
     { deploy-compiler? f }
-    { "stop-after-last-window?" t }
-    { deploy-word-defs? f }
+    { deploy-io 2 }
+    { deploy-c-types? f }
 }
diff --git a/extra/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor b/extra/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index b3c03196f5..0000000000
--- a/extra/hexdump/hexdump-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-IN: hexdump.tests
-USING: hexdump kernel sequences tools.test ;
-
-[ t ] [ "" hexdump "Length: 0, 0h\n" = ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" hexdump "Length: 26, 1ah\n00000000h: 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f 70 abcdefghijklmnop\n00000010h: 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a                   qrstuvwxyz\n" = ] unit-test
-
-[ t ] [ 256 [ ] map hexdump "Length: 256, 100h\n00000000h: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f ................\n00000010h: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1a 1b 1c 1d 1e 1f ................\n00000020h: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f  !\"#$%&'()*+,-./\n00000030h: 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 0123456789:;<=>?\n00000040h: 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\n00000050h: 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5a 5b 5c 5d 5e 5f PQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_\n00000060h: 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e 6f `abcdefghijklmno\n00000070h: 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7a 7b 7c 7d 7e 7f pqrstuvwxyz{|}~.\n00000080h: 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 8f ................\n00000090h: 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9a 9b 9c 9d 9e 9f ................\n000000a0h: a0 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 aa ab ac ad ae af ................\n000000b0h: b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 ba bb bc bd be bf ................\n000000c0h: c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8 c9 ca cb cc cd ce cf ................\n000000d0h: d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 da db dc dd de df ................\n000000e0h: e0 e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 ea eb ec ed ee ef ................\n000000f0h: f0 f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 fa fb fc fd fe ff ................\n" = ] unit-test
-
-
-[
-    "Length: 3, 3h\n00000000h: 01 02 03                                        ...\n" ] [ B{ 1 2 3 } hexdump ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/hexdump/summary.txt b/extra/hexdump/summary.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d860bd7f84..0000000000
--- a/extra/hexdump/summary.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Prints formatted hex dump of an arbitrary sequence
diff --git a/extra/html/parser/analyzer/analyzer.factor b/extra/html/parser/analyzer/analyzer.factor
index 8d7a92b0d9..a18bb31874 100755
--- a/extra/html/parser/analyzer/analyzer.factor
+++ b/extra/html/parser/analyzer/analyzer.factor
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ TUPLE: link attributes clickable ;
         [ [ [ blank? ] trim ] change-text ] when
     ] map ;
 
-: find-by-id ( vector id -- vector' )
+: find-by-id ( vector id -- vector' elt/f )
     '[ attributes>> "id" at _ = ] find ;
     
-: find-by-class ( vector id -- vector' )
+: find-by-class ( vector id -- vector' elt/f )
     '[ attributes>> "class" at _ = ] find ;
 
-: find-by-name ( vector string -- vector )
+: find-by-name ( vector string -- vector elt/f )
     >lower '[ name>> _ = ] find ;
 
 : find-by-id-between ( vector string -- vector' )
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ TUPLE: link attributes clickable ;
         [ attributes>> "id" swap at _ = ] bi and
     ] dupd find find-between* ;
 
-: find-by-attribute-key ( vector key -- vector' )
+: find-by-attribute-key ( vector key -- vector' elt/? )
     >lower
     [ attributes>> at _ = ] filter sift ;
 
diff --git a/extra/html/parser/parser.factor b/extra/html/parser/parser.factor
index e084ea6806..836693026a 100644
--- a/extra/html/parser/parser.factor
+++ b/extra/html/parser/parser.factor
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ SYMBOL: tagstack
         swap >>name ;
 
 : make-tag ( string attribs -- tag )
-    >r [ closing-tag? ] keep "/" trim1 r> rot <tag> ;
+    [ [ closing-tag? ] keep "/" trim1 ] dip rot <tag> ;
 
 : make-text-tag ( string -- tag )
     tag new
diff --git a/extra/icfp/2006/tags.txt b/extra/icfp/2006/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 7102ccb5bb..1e107f52e4
--- a/extra/icfp/2006/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/icfp/2006/tags.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-icfp
+examples
diff --git a/extra/inverse/inverse.factor b/extra/inverse/inverse.factor
index dfef23b56a..61c5da6bca 100755
--- a/extra/inverse/inverse.factor
+++ b/extra/inverse/inverse.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ sequences assocs math arrays stack-checker effects generalizations
 continuations debugger classes.tuple namespaces make vectors
 bit-arrays byte-arrays strings sbufs math.functions macros
 sequences.private combinators mirrors
-combinators.short-circuit ;
+combinators.short-circuit fry qualified ;
+RENAME: _ fry => __
 IN: inverse
 
 TUPLE: fail ;
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ M: no-inverse summary
     dup word? [ "Badly formed math inverse" throw ] when 1quotation ;
 
 : swap-inverse ( math-inverse revquot -- revquot* quot )
-    next assure-constant rot second [ swap ] swap 3compose ;
+    next assure-constant rot second '[ @ swap @ ] ;
 
 : pull-inverse ( math-inverse revquot const -- revquot* quot )
     assure-constant rot first compose ;
@@ -236,8 +237,7 @@ DEFER: _
     ] recover ; inline
 
 : true-out ( quot effect -- quot' )
-    out>> [ ndrop ] curry
-    [ t ] 3compose ;
+    out>> '[ @ __ ndrop t ] ;
 
 : false-recover ( effect -- quot )
     in>> [ ndrop f ] curry [ recover-fail ] curry ;
diff --git a/extra/io/files/unique/unique-docs.factor b/extra/io/files/unique/unique-docs.factor
index bb4e9ef01f..825eb212f1 100644
--- a/extra/io/files/unique/unique-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/io/files/unique/unique-docs.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,32 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax io io.ports kernel math
 io.files.unique.private math.parser io.files ;
 IN: io.files.unique
 
-ARTICLE: "unique" "Making and using unique files"
+HELP: make-unique-file ( prefix suffix -- path )
+{ $values { "prefix" "a string" } { "suffix" "a string" }
+{ "path" "a pathname string" } }
+{ $description "Creates a file that is guaranteed not to exist in a platform-specific temporary directory. The file name is composed of a prefix, a number of random digits and letters, and the suffix. Returns the full pathname." }
+{ $errors "Throws an error if a new unique file cannot be created after a number of tries. The most likely error is incorrect directory permissions on the temporary directory." }
+{ $see-also with-unique-file } ;
+
+HELP: with-unique-file ( prefix suffix quot: ( path -- ) -- )
+{ $values { "prefix" "a string" } { "suffix" "a string" }
+{ "quot" "a quotation" } }
+{ $description "Creates a file with " { $link make-unique-file } " and calls the quotation with the path name on the stack." }
+{ $notes "The unique file will be deleted after calling this word." } ;
+
+HELP: make-unique-directory ( -- path )
+{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } }
+{ $description "Creates a directory that is guaranteed not to exist in a platform-specific temporary directory and returns the full pathname." }
+{ $errors "Throws an error if the directory cannot be created after a number of tries. The most likely error is incorrect directory permissions on the temporary directory." }
+{ $see-also with-unique-directory } ;
+
+HELP: with-unique-directory ( quot -- )
+{ $values { "quot" "a quotation" } }
+{ $description "Creates a directory with " { $link make-unique-directory } " and calls the quotation with the pathname on the stack using the " { $link with-directory } " combinator. The quotation can access the " { $link current-directory } " symbol for the name of the temporary directory." }
+{ $notes "The directory will be deleted after calling this word, even if an error is thrown in the quotation." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "io.files.unique" "Temporary files"
+"The " { $vocab-link "io.files.unique" } " vocabulary implements cross-platform temporary file creation in a high-level and secure way." $nl
 "Files:"
 { $subsection make-unique-file }
 { $subsection with-unique-file }
@@ -10,28 +35,4 @@ ARTICLE: "unique" "Making and using unique files"
 { $subsection make-unique-directory }
 { $subsection with-unique-directory } ;
 
-ABOUT: "unique"
-
-HELP: make-unique-file ( prefix suffix -- path )
-{ $values { "prefix" "a string" } { "suffix" "a string" }
-{ "path" "a pathname string" } }
-{ $description "Creates a file that is guaranteed not to exist in a platform-specific temporary directory.  The file name is composed of a prefix, a number of random digits and letters, and the suffix.  Returns the full pathname." }
-{ $errors "Throws an error if a new unique file cannot be created after a number of tries.  Since each try generates a new random name, the most likely error is incorrect directory permissions on the temporary directory." }
-{ $see-also with-unique-file } ;
-
-HELP: make-unique-directory ( -- path )
-{ $values { "path" "a pathname string" } }
-{ $description "Creates a directory that is guaranteed not to exist in a platform-specific temporary directory and returns the full pathname." }
-{ $errors "Throws an error if the directory cannot be created after a number of tries.  Since each try generates a new random name, the most likely error is incorrect directory permissions on the temporary directory." }
-{ $see-also with-unique-directory } ;
-
-HELP: with-unique-file ( prefix suffix quot -- )
-{ $values { "prefix" "a string" } { "suffix" "a string" }
-{ "quot" "a quotation" } }
-{ $description "Creates a file with " { $link make-unique-file } " and calls the quotation with the path name on the stack." }
-{ $notes "The unique file will be deleted after calling this word." } ;
-
-HELP: with-unique-directory ( quot -- )
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation" } }
-{ $description "Creates a directory with " { $link make-unique-directory } " and calls the quotation with the pathname on the stack." }
-{ $notes "The directory will be deleted after calling this word." } ;
+ABOUT: "io.files.unique"
diff --git a/extra/io/files/unique/unique-tests.factor b/extra/io/files/unique/unique-tests.factor
index c29a94f395..178e4572d0 100644
--- a/extra/io/files/unique/unique-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/io/files/unique/unique-tests.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 USING: io.encodings.ascii sequences strings io io.files accessors
-tools.test kernel io.files.unique ;
+tools.test kernel io.files.unique namespaces continuations ;
 IN: io.files.unique.tests
 
 [ 123 ] [
     "core" ".test" [
-        [
-            ascii [
-                123 CHAR: a <repetition> >string write
-            ] with-file-writer
-        ] keep file-info size>>
+        [ [ 123 CHAR: a <repetition> ] dip ascii set-file-contents ]
+        [ file-info size>> ] bi
     ] with-unique-file
 ] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    [ current-directory get file-info directory? ] with-unique-directory
+] unit-test
+
+[ t ] [
+    current-directory get
+    [ [ "FAILDOG" throw ] with-unique-directory ] [ drop ] recover
+    current-directory get =
+] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/io/files/unique/unique.factor b/extra/io/files/unique/unique.factor
index db11471a7a..3a6c556846 100644
--- a/extra/io/files/unique/unique.factor
+++ b/extra/io/files/unique/unique.factor
@@ -3,10 +3,17 @@
 USING: kernel math math.bitwise combinators.lib math.parser
 random sequences sequences.lib continuations namespaces
 io.files io arrays io.files.unique.backend system
-combinators vocabs.loader ;
+combinators vocabs.loader fry ;
 IN: io.files.unique
 
+SYMBOL: unique-length
+SYMBOL: unique-retries
+
+10 unique-length set-global
+10 unique-retries set-global
+
 <PRIVATE
+
 : random-letter ( -- ch )
     26 random { CHAR: a CHAR: A } random + ;
 
@@ -17,29 +24,27 @@ IN: io.files.unique
 : random-name ( n -- string )
     [ random-ch ] "" replicate-as ;
 
-: unique-length ( -- n ) 10 ; inline
-: unique-retries ( -- n ) 10 ; inline
 PRIVATE>
 
 : make-unique-file ( prefix suffix -- path )
     temporary-path -rot
     [
-        unique-length random-name swap 3append append-path
+        unique-length get random-name swap 3append append-path
         dup (make-unique-file)
-    ] 3curry unique-retries retry ;
+    ] 3curry unique-retries get retry ;
 
-: with-unique-file ( prefix suffix quot -- )
-    >r make-unique-file r> keep delete-file ; inline
+: with-unique-file ( prefix suffix quot: ( path -- ) -- )
+    [ make-unique-file ] dip [ delete-file ] bi ; inline
 
 : make-unique-directory ( -- path )
     [
-        temporary-path unique-length random-name append-path
+        temporary-path unique-length get random-name append-path
         dup make-directory
-    ] unique-retries retry ;
+    ] unique-retries get retry ;
 
-: with-unique-directory ( quot -- )
-    >r make-unique-directory r>
-    [ with-directory ] curry keep delete-tree ; inline
+: with-unique-directory ( quot: ( -- ) -- )
+    [ make-unique-directory ] dip
+    '[ _ with-directory ] [ delete-tree ] bi ; inline
 
 {
     { [ os unix? ] [ "io.unix.files.unique" ] }
diff --git a/extra/iokit/hid/tags.txt b/extra/iokit/hid/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c83070b657..bf2a35f15b
--- a/extra/iokit/hid/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/iokit/hid/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-mac
 bindings
-system
+unportable
diff --git a/extra/iokit/tags.txt b/extra/iokit/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c83070b657..bf2a35f15b
--- a/extra/iokit/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/iokit/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-mac
 bindings
-system
+unportable
diff --git a/extra/irc/client/client-tests.factor b/extra/irc/client/client-tests.factor
index fe85d6c375..622b5eaa2c 100644
--- a/extra/irc/client/client-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/client/client-tests.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ M: mb-reader stream-readln ( mb-reader -- str/f ) lines>> mailbox-get ;
 M: mb-writer stream-nl ( mb-writer -- )
     [ [ last-line>> concat ] [ lines>> ] bi push ] keep
     V{ } clone >>last-line drop ;
-M: mb-reader dispose drop ;
+M: mb-reader dispose f swap push-line ;
 M: mb-writer dispose drop ;
 
 : spawn-client ( -- irc-client )
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ M: mb-writer dispose drop ;
     [ in-messages>> 0.1 seconds ] dip mailbox-get-timeout? ;
 
 : with-irc ( quot: ( -- ) -- )
-    [ spawn-client ] dip [ f %push-line ] compose with-irc-client ; inline
+    [ spawn-client ] dip [ irc> terminate-irc ] compose with-irc-client ; inline
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 !                       TESTS
@@ -60,17 +60,16 @@ M: mb-writer dispose drop ;
 
 ! Test login and nickname set
 [ { "factorbot2" } [
-     ":some.where 001 factorbot2 :Welcome factorbot2" %push-line
-      irc> nick>>
+    ":some.where 001 factorbot2 :Welcome factorbot2" %push-line
+    irc> nick>>
   ] unit-test
 ] with-irc
 
 ! Test connect
 { V{ "NICK factorbot" "USER factorbot hostname servername :irc.factor" } } [
-   "someserver" irc-port "factorbot" f <irc-profile> <irc-client>
+    "someserver" irc-port "factorbot" f <irc-profile> <irc-client>
     [ 2drop <test-stream> t ] >>connect
-    [ connect-irc ] keep
-    stream>> [ in>> [ f ] dip push-line ] [ out>> lines>> ] bi
+    [ connect-irc ] [ stream>> out>> lines>> ] [ terminate-irc ] tri
 ] unit-test
 
 ! Test join
@@ -169,6 +168,20 @@ M: mb-writer dispose drop ;
   ] unit-test
 ] with-irc
 
+[ { H{ { "factorbot" +operator+ } { "ircuser" +normal+ } } } [
+      "#factortest" <irc-channel-chat>
+          H{ { "ircuser" +normal+ } } clone >>participants
+      [ %add-named-chat ] keep
+      ":ircserver.net 353 factorbot @ #factortest :@factorbot " %push-line
+      ":ircserver.net 353 factorbot @ #factortest :ircuser2 " %push-line
+      ":ircserver.net 366 factorbot #factortest :End of /NAMES list." %push-line
+      ":ircserver.net 353 factorbot @ #factortest :@factorbot " %push-line
+      ":ircserver.net 353 factorbot @ #factortest :ircuser " %push-line
+      ":ircserver.net 366 factorbot #factortest :End of /NAMES list." %push-line
+      participants>>
+  ] unit-test
+] with-irc
+
 ! Namelist change notification
 [ { T{ participant-changed f f f f } } [
       "#factortest" <irc-channel-chat> [ %add-named-chat ] keep
@@ -195,3 +208,11 @@ M: mb-writer dispose drop ;
       [ participant-changed? ] read-matching-message
   ] unit-test
 ] with-irc
+
+! Mode change
+[ { T{ participant-changed f "ircuser" +mode+ "+o" } } [
+      "#factortest" <irc-channel-chat> [ %add-named-chat ] keep
+      ":ircserver.net MODE #factortest +o ircuser" %push-line
+      [ participant-changed? ] read-matching-message
+  ] unit-test
+] with-irc
diff --git a/extra/irc/client/client.factor b/extra/irc/client/client.factor
index ce7a6e5373..8199347feb 100755
--- a/extra/irc/client/client.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/client/client.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ TUPLE: irc-client profile stream in-messages out-messages
 
 TUPLE: irc-chat in-messages client ;
 TUPLE: irc-server-chat < irc-chat ;
-TUPLE: irc-channel-chat < irc-chat name password timeout participants ;
+TUPLE: irc-channel-chat < irc-chat name password timeout participants clean-participants ;
 TUPLE: irc-nick-chat < irc-chat name ;
 SYMBOL: +server-chat+
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ SYMBOL: +nick+
      <mailbox> f irc-server-chat boa ;
 
 : <irc-channel-chat> ( name -- irc-channel-chat )
-     [ <mailbox> f ] dip f 60 seconds H{ } clone
+     [ <mailbox> f ] dip f 60 seconds H{ } clone t
      irc-channel-chat boa ;
 
 : <irc-nick-chat> ( name -- irc-nick-chat )
@@ -148,7 +148,9 @@ M: irc-chat to-chat in-messages>> mailbox-put ;
 : change-participant-mode ( channel mode nick -- )
     rot chat>
     [ participants>> set-at ]
-    [ [ [ +mode+ ] dip <participant-changed> ] dip to-chat ] 3bi ; ! FIXME
+    [ [ participant-changed new
+        [ (>>nick) ] [ (>>parameter) ] [ +mode+ >>action ] tri ] dip to-chat ]
+    3bi ; ! FIXME
 
 DEFER: me?
 
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ M: broadcast-forward forward-message
 GENERIC: process-message ( irc-message -- )
 M: object      process-message drop ; 
 M: logged-in   process-message
-    name>> f irc> [ (>>is-ready) ] [ (>>nick) ] [ chats>> ] tri
+    name>> t irc> [ (>>is-ready) ] [ (>>nick) ] [ chats>> ] tri
     values [ initialize-chat ] each ;
 M: ping        process-message trailing>> /PONG ;
 M: nick-in-use process-message name>> "_" append /NICK ;
@@ -231,11 +233,11 @@ M: quit process-message
 M: nick process-message
     [ irc-message-sender ] [ trailing>> ] bi rename-participant-in-all ;
 
-! M: mode process-message ( mode -- )
-!    [ channel-mode? ] keep and [
-!        [ name>> ] [ mode>> ] [ parameter>> ] tri
-!        [ change-participant-mode ] [ 2drop ] if*
-!    ] when* ;
+M: mode process-message ( mode -- )
+    [ channel-mode? ] keep and [
+        [ name>> ] [ mode>> ] [ parameter>> ] tri
+        [ change-participant-mode ] [ 2drop ] if*
+    ] when* ;
 
 : >nick/mode ( string -- nick mode )
     dup first "+@" member? [ unclip ] [ 0 ] if participant-mode ;
@@ -244,12 +246,24 @@ M: nick process-message
     trailing>> [ blank? ] trim " " split
     [ >nick/mode 2array ] map >hashtable ;
 
+: maybe-clean-participants ( channel-chat -- )
+    dup clean-participants>> [
+        H{ } clone >>participants f >>clean-participants
+    ] when drop ;
+
 M: names-reply process-message
     [ names-reply>participants ] [ channel>> chat> ] bi [
-        [ (>>participants) ]
-        [ [ f f f <participant-changed> ] dip name>> to-chat ] bi
+        [ maybe-clean-participants ] 
+        [ participants>> 2array assoc-combine ]
+        [ (>>participants) ] tri
     ] [ drop ] if* ;
 
+M: end-of-names process-message
+    channel>> chat> [
+        t >>clean-participants
+        [ f f f <participant-changed> ] dip name>> to-chat
+    ] when* ;
+
 ! ======================================
 ! Client message handling
 ! ======================================
@@ -283,7 +297,7 @@ DEFER: (connect-irc)
         |dispose stream-readln [
             parse-irc-line handle-reader-message t
         ] [
-            irc> terminate-irc f
+            handle-disconnect
         ] if*
     ] with-destructors ;
 
diff --git a/extra/irc/gitbot/gitbot.factor b/extra/irc/gitbot/gitbot.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ccb2b407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/irc/gitbot/gitbot.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: fry irc.client irc.client.private kernel namespaces
+sequences threads io.encodings.8-bit io.launcher io splitting
+make mason.common mason.updates calendar math alarms ;
+IN: irc.gitbot
+
+: bot-profile ( -- obj )
+    "irc.freenode.org" 6667 "jackass" f <irc-profile> ;
+
+: bot-channel ( -- seq ) "#concatenative" ;
+
+GENERIC: handle-message ( msg -- )
+
+M: object handle-message drop ;
+
+: bot-loop ( chat -- )
+    dup hear handle-message bot-loop ;
+
+: start-bot ( -- chat )
+    bot-profile <irc-client>
+    [ connect-irc ]
+    [
+        [ bot-channel <irc-channel-chat> dup ] dip
+        '[ _ [ _ attach-chat ] [ bot-loop ] bi ]
+        "GitBot" spawn drop
+    ] bi ;
+
+: git-log ( from to -- lines )
+    [
+        "git-log" ,
+        "--no-merges" ,
+        "--pretty=format:%h %an: %s" ,
+        ".." swap 3append ,
+    ] { } make
+    latin1 [ input-stream get lines ] with-process-reader ;
+
+: updates ( from to -- lines )
+    git-log reverse
+    dup length 4 > [ 4 head "... and more" suffix ] when ;
+
+: report-updates ( from to chat -- )
+    [ updates ] dip
+    [ 1 seconds sleep ] swap
+    '[ _ speak ] interleave ;
+
+: check-for-updates ( chat -- )
+    [ git-id git-pull-cmd short-running-process git-id ] dip
+    report-updates ;
+
+: bot ( -- )
+    start-bot
+    '[ _ check-for-updates ] 5 minutes every drop ;
+
+MAIN: bot
diff --git a/extra/irc/messages/messages.factor b/extra/irc/messages/messages.factor
index 32533c102a..bea9bf37b1 100755
--- a/extra/irc/messages/messages.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/messages/messages.factor
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ TUPLE: nick-in-use < irc-message name ;
 TUPLE: notice < irc-message type ;
 TUPLE: mode < irc-message name mode parameter ;
 TUPLE: names-reply < irc-message who channel ;
+TUPLE: end-of-names < irc-message who channel ;
 TUPLE: unhandled < irc-message ;
 
 : <irc-client-message> ( command parameters trailing -- irc-message )
@@ -85,6 +86,9 @@ M: nick-in-use >>command-parameters ( nick-in-use params -- nick-in-use )
 M: names-reply >>command-parameters ( names-reply params -- names-reply )
     first3 nip [ >>who ] [ >>channel ] bi* ;
 
+M: end-of-names >>command-parameters ( names-reply params -- names-reply )
+    first2 [ >>who ] [ >>channel ] bi* ;
+
 M: mode >>command-parameters ( mode params -- mode )
     dup length 3 = [
         first3 [ >>name ] [ >>mode ] [ >>parameter ] tri*
@@ -159,6 +163,7 @@ M: sender-in-prefix irc-message-sender ( sender-in-prefix -- sender )
             { "001"     [ logged-in ] }
             { "433"     [ nick-in-use ] }
             { "353"     [ names-reply ] }
+            { "366"     [ end-of-names ] }
             { "JOIN"    [ join ] }
             { "PART"    [ part ] }
             { "NICK"    [ nick ] }
diff --git a/extra/irc/ui/commandparser/commandparser.factor b/extra/irc/ui/commandparser/commandparser.factor
index 163517698a..5179997b0d 100755
--- a/extra/irc/ui/commandparser/commandparser.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/ui/commandparser/commandparser.factor
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ USING: kernel vocabs.loader sequences strings splitting words irc.messages ;
 
 IN: irc.ui.commandparser
 
-"irc.ui.commands" require
-
 : command ( string string -- string command )
     [ "say" ] when-empty
     dup "irc.ui.commands" lookup
diff --git a/extra/irc/ui/commands/commands.factor b/extra/irc/ui/commands/commands.factor
index 4bb77e7490..147d25bea5 100755
--- a/extra/irc/ui/commands/commands.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/ui/commands/commands.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 William Schlieper
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 
-USING: accessors kernel arrays irc.client irc.messages irc.ui namespaces ;
+USING: accessors kernel sequences arrays irc.client
+       irc.messages irc.ui namespaces ;
 
 IN: irc.ui.commands
 
@@ -10,6 +11,9 @@ IN: irc.ui.commands
     [ window>> client>> profile>> nickname>> <own-message> print-irc ]
     [ chat>> speak ] 2bi ;
 
+: me ( string -- ) ! Placeholder until I make /me look different
+    "ACTION " 1 prefix prepend 1 suffix say ;
+
 : join ( string -- )
     irc-tab get window>> join-channel ;
 
diff --git a/extra/irc/ui/ui.factor b/extra/irc/ui/ui.factor
index e854d285b7..b96d3e1bdc 100755
--- a/extra/irc/ui/ui.factor
+++ b/extra/irc/ui/ui.factor
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ USING: accessors kernel threads combinators concurrency.mailboxes
        ui.gadgets.tabs ui.gadgets.grids ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.labels
        io io.styles namespaces calendar calendar.format models continuations
        irc.client irc.client.private irc.messages
-       irc.ui.commandparser irc.ui.load ;
+       irc.ui.commandparser irc.ui.load vocabs.loader ;
 
 RENAME: join sequences => sjoin
 
@@ -245,3 +245,5 @@ M: irc-tab pref-dim*
 : main-run ( -- ) run-ircui ;
 
 MAIN: main-run
+
+"irc.ui.commands" require
diff --git a/extra/joystick-demo/tags.txt b/extra/joystick-demo/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 4d4417f0b8..84d4140a70
--- a/extra/joystick-demo/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/joystick-demo/tags.txt
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-gamepads
-joysticks
+games
diff --git a/extra/key-caps/tags.txt b/extra/key-caps/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c253983475..cb5fc203e1
--- a/extra/key-caps/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/key-caps/tags.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-keyboard
+demos
diff --git a/extra/line-art/summary.txt b/extra/line-art/summary.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 06d16da2bf..0000000000
--- a/extra/line-art/summary.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Stanford Bunny rendered with cartoon-style lines instead of shading
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/lists/lazy/lazy-docs.factor b/extra/lists/lazy/lazy-docs.factor
index 6a9359027d..c402cdf15b 100644
--- a/extra/lists/lazy/lazy-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/lists/lazy/lazy-docs.factor
@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax sequences strings lists ;
 IN: lists.lazy 
 
 HELP: lazy-cons
-{ $values { "car" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "cdr" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- cons )" } { "promise" "the resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "car" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "cdr" { $quotation "( -- cons )" } } { "promise" "the resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Constructs a cons object for a lazy list from two quotations. The " { $snippet "car" } " quotation should return the head of the list, and the " { $snippet "cons" } " quotation the tail when called. When " { $link cons } " or " { $link cdr } " are called on the lazy-cons object then the appropriate quotation is called." } 
 { $see-also cons car cdr nil nil? } ;
 
 { 1lazy-list 2lazy-list 3lazy-list } related-words
 
 HELP: 1lazy-list
-{ $values { "a" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
+{ $values { "a" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
 { $description "Create a lazy list with 1 element. The element is the result of calling the quotation. The quotation is only called when the list element is requested." } ;
 
 HELP: 2lazy-list
-{ $values { "a" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "b" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
+{ $values { "a" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "b" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
 { $description "Create a lazy list with 2 elements. The elements are the result of calling the quotations. The quotations are only called when the list elements are requested." } ;
 
 HELP: 3lazy-list
-{ $values { "a" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "b" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "c" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
+{ $values { "a" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "b" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "c" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "lazy-cons" "a lazy-cons object" } }
 { $description "Create a lazy list with 3 elements. The elements are the result of calling the quotations. The quotations are only called when the list elements are requested." } ;
 
 HELP: <memoized-cons>
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ HELP: <memoized-cons>
 { lazy-map lazy-map-with ltake lfilter lappend lfrom lfrom-by lconcat lcartesian-product lcartesian-product* lcomp lcomp* lmerge lwhile luntil } related-words
 
 HELP: lazy-map
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( obj -- X )" } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- X )" } } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Perform a similar functionality to that of the " { $link map } " word, but in a lazy manner. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-map> } " object is returned which conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required." } ;
 
 HELP: lazy-map-with
-{ $values { "value" "an object" } { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( obj elt -- X )" } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "value" "an object" } { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj elt -- X )" } } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Variant of " { $link lazy-map } " which pushes a retained object on each invocation of the quotation." } ;
 
 HELP: ltake
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@ HELP: ltake
 { $description "Outputs a lazy list containing the first n items in the list. This is done a lazy manner. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-take> } " object is returned which conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required." } ;
 
 HELP: lfilter
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Perform a similar functionality to that of the " { $link filter } " word, but in a lazy manner. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-filter> } " object is returned which conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required." } ;
 
 HELP: lwhile
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( X -- bool )" } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( X -- ? )" } } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Outputs a lazy list containing the first items in the list as long as " { $snippet "quot" } " evaluates to t. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-while> } " object is returned with conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required." } ;
 
 HELP: luntil
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( X -- bool )" } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( X -- ? )" } } { "result" "resulting cons object" } }
 { $description "Outputs a lazy list containing the first items in the list until after " { $snippet "quot" } " evaluates to t. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-while> } " object is returned with conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required." } ;
 
 HELP: list>vector
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ HELP: lappend
 { $description "Perform a similar functionality to that of the " { $link append } " word, but in a lazy manner. No evaluation of the list elements occurs initially but a " { $link <lazy-append> } " object is returned which conforms to the list protocol. Calling " { $link car } ", " { $link cdr } " or " { $link nil? } " on this will evaluate elements as required. Successive calls to " { $link cdr } " will iterate through list1, followed by list2." } ;
 
 HELP: lfrom-by
-{ $values { "n" "an integer" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- int )" } { "list" "a lazy list of integers" } }
+{ $values { "n" "an integer" } { "quot" { $quotation "( -- int )" } } { "list" "a lazy list of integers" } }
 { $description "Return an infinite lazy list of values starting from n, with each successive value being the result of applying quot to n." } ;
 
 HELP: lfrom
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ HELP: lcartesian-product*
 { $description "Given a list of lists, return a list containing the cartesian product of those lists." } ;
 
 HELP: lcomp
-{ $values { "list" "a list of lists" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( seq -- X )" } { "result" "the resulting list" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a list of lists" } { "quot" { $quotation "( seq -- X )" } } { "result" "the resulting list" } }
 { $description "Get the cartesian product of the lists in " { $snippet "list" } " and call " { $snippet "quot" } " call with each element from the cartesian product on the stack, the result of which is returned in the final " { $snippet "list" } "." } ;
 
 HELP: lcomp*
-{ $values { "list" "a list of lists" } { "guards" "a sequence of quotations with stack effect ( seq -- bool )" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( seq -- X )" } { "list" "the resulting list" } { "result" "a list" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a list of lists" } { "guards" "a sequence of quotations with stack effect ( seq -- bool )" } { "quot" { $quotation "( seq -- X )" } } { "list" "the resulting list" } { "result" "a list" } }
 { $description "Get the cartesian product of the lists in " { $snippet "list" } ", filter it by applying each guard quotation to it and call " { $snippet "quot" } " call with each element from the remaining cartesian product items on the stack, the result of which is returned in the final " { $snippet "list" } "." }
 { $examples
   { $code "{ 1 2 3 } >list { 4 5 6 } >list 2list { [ first odd? ] } [ first2 + ] lcomp*" }
diff --git a/extra/lists/lists-docs.factor b/extra/lists/lists-docs.factor
index cd2e6f7081..8807c8cf8a 100644
--- a/extra/lists/lists-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/lists/lists-docs.factor
@@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ HELP: uncons
 { leach foldl lmap>array } related-words
 
 HELP: leach
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( obj -- )" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( obj -- )" } } }
 { $description "Call the quotation for each item in the list." } ;
 
 HELP: foldl
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "identity" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( prev elt -- next )" } { "result" "the final result" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "identity" "an object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "result" "the final result" } }
 { $description "Combines successive elements of the list (in a left-assocative order) using a binary operation and outputs the final result." } ;
 
 HELP: foldr
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "identity" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( prev elt -- next )" } { "result" "the final result" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "identity" "an object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( prev elt -- next )" } } { "result" "the final result" } }
 { $description "Combines successive elements of the list (in a right-assocative order) using a binary operation, and outputs the final result." } ;
 
 HELP: lmap
-{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( old -- new )" } { "result" "the final result" } }
+{ $values { "list" "a cons object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( old -- new )" } } { "result" "the final result" } }
 { $description "Applies the quotation to each element of the list in order, collecting the new elements into a new list." } ;
     
 HELP: lreverse
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ HELP: seq>cons
 { $description "Recursively turns the given sequence into a cons object, maintaing order and also converting nested lists." } ;
     
 HELP: traverse    
-{ $values { "list"  "a cons object" } { "pred" "a quotation with stack effect ( list/elt -- ? )" }
-          { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( list/elt -- result)" }  { "result" "a new cons object" } }
+{ $values { "list"  "a cons object" } { "pred" { $quotation "( list/elt -- ? )" } }
+          { "quot" { $quotation "( list/elt -- result)" } }  { "result" "a new cons object" } }
 { $description "Recursively traverses the list object, replacing any elements (which can themselves be sublists) that pred" 
     " returns true for with the result of applying quot to." } ;
     
diff --git a/extra/mason/build/build.factor b/extra/mason/build/build.factor
index 8b8befce34..35070d8902 100644
--- a/extra/mason/build/build.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/build/build.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: io.files io.launcher io.encodings.utf8 prettyprint arrays
 calendar namespaces mason.common mason.child
-mason.release mason.report mason.email mason.cleanup ;
+mason.release mason.report mason.email mason.cleanup
+mason.help ;
 IN: mason.build
 
 : create-build-dir ( -- )
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ IN: mason.build
     clone-builds-factor
     record-id
     build-child
+    upload-help
     release
     email-report
     cleanup ;
diff --git a/extra/mason/child/child-tests.factor b/extra/mason/child/child-tests.factor
index 7913d05b26..104360e1fa 100644
--- a/extra/mason/child/child-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/child/child-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 IN: mason.child.tests
 USING: mason.child mason.config tools.test namespaces ;
 
-[ { "make" "clean" "winnt-x86-32" } ] [
+[ { "make" "winnt-x86-32" } ] [
     [
         "winnt" target-os set
         "x86.32" target-cpu set
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ USING: mason.child mason.config tools.test namespaces ;
     ] with-scope
 ] unit-test
 
-[ { "make" "clean" "macosx-x86-32" } ] [
+[ { "make" "macosx-x86-32" } ] [
     [
         "macosx" target-os set
         "x86.32" target-cpu set
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ USING: mason.child mason.config tools.test namespaces ;
     ] with-scope
 ] unit-test
 
-[ { "gmake" "clean" "netbsd-ppc" } ] [
+[ { "gmake" "netbsd-ppc" } ] [
     [
         "netbsd" target-os set
         "ppc" target-cpu set
diff --git a/extra/mason/child/child.factor b/extra/mason/child/child.factor
index 02085a89b3..0c9669ed5a 100644
--- a/extra/mason/child/child.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/child/child.factor
@@ -2,14 +2,26 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel namespaces make debugger sequences io.files
 io.launcher arrays accessors calendar continuations
-combinators.short-circuit mason.common mason.report mason.platform ;
+combinators.short-circuit mason.common mason.report
+mason.platform mason.config http.client ;
 IN: mason.child
 
 : make-cmd ( -- args )
-    [ gnu-make , "clean" , platform , ] { } make ;
+    gnu-make platform 2array ;
+
+: download-dlls ( -- )
+    target-os get "winnt" = [
+        "http://factorcode.org/dlls/"
+        target-cpu get "x86.64" = [ "64/" append ] when
+        [ "freetype6.dll" append ]
+        [ "zlib1.dll" append ] bi
+        [ download ] bi@
+    ] when ;
 
 : make-vm ( -- )
     "factor" [
+        download-dlls
+
         <process>
             make-cmd >>command
             "../compile-log" >>stdout
@@ -61,6 +73,7 @@ IN: mason.child
         [ load-everything-vocabs-file eval-file empty? ]
         [ test-all-vocabs-file eval-file empty? ]
         [ help-lint-vocabs-file eval-file empty? ]
+        [ compiler-errors-file eval-file empty? ]
     } 0&& ;
 
 : build-child ( -- )
diff --git a/extra/mason/common/common.factor b/extra/mason/common/common.factor
index dfda85e4d7..49f280fa84 100644
--- a/extra/mason/common/common.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/common/common.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 USING: kernel namespaces sequences splitting system accessors
 math.functions make io io.files io.launcher io.encodings.utf8
 prettyprint combinators.short-circuit parser combinators
-calendar calendar.format arrays mason.config ;
+calendar calendar.format arrays mason.config locals ;
 IN: mason.common
 
 : short-running-process ( command -- )
@@ -13,6 +13,15 @@ IN: mason.common
         15 minutes >>timeout
     try-process ;
 
+:: upload-safely ( local username host remote -- )
+    [let* | temp [ remote ".incomplete" append ]
+            scp-remote [ { username "@" host ":" temp } concat ]
+            scp [ scp-command get ]
+            ssh [ ssh-command get ] |
+        { scp local scp-remote } short-running-process
+        { ssh host "-l" username "mv" temp remote } short-running-process
+    ] ;
+
 : eval-file ( file -- obj )
     dup utf8 file-lines parse-fresh
     [ "Empty file: " swap append throw ] [ nip first ] if-empty ;
@@ -68,9 +77,11 @@ SYMBOL: stamp
 
 : boot-time-file "boot-time" ;
 : load-time-file "load-time" ;
+: compiler-errors-file "compiler-errors" ;
 : test-time-file "test-time" ;
 : help-lint-time-file "help-lint-time" ;
 : benchmark-time-file "benchmark-time" ;
+: html-help-time-file "html-help-time" ;
 
 : benchmarks-file "benchmarks" ;
 
diff --git a/extra/mason/config/config.factor b/extra/mason/config/config.factor
index 0ce059c995..9169fbf196 100644
--- a/extra/mason/config/config.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/config/config.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Eduardo Cavazos, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: system io.files namespaces kernel accessors ;
+USING: system io.files namespaces kernel accessors assocs ;
 IN: mason.config
 
 ! (Optional) Location for build directories
@@ -33,10 +33,23 @@ target-os get-global [
 ! Keep test-log around?
 SYMBOL: builder-debug
 
-! Boolean. Do we release binaries and update the clean branch?
-SYMBOL: upload-to-factorcode
+SYMBOL: upload-help?
 
-! The below are only needed if upload-to-factorcode is true.
+! The below are only needed if upload-help is true.
+
+! Host with HTML help
+SYMBOL: help-host
+
+! Username to log in.
+SYMBOL: help-username
+
+! Directory to upload docs to.
+SYMBOL: help-directory
+
+! Boolean. Do we release binaries and update the clean branch?
+SYMBOL: upload-to-factorcode?
+
+! The below are only needed if upload-to-factorcode? is true.
 
 ! Host with clean git repo.
 SYMBOL: branch-host
@@ -64,3 +77,10 @@ SYMBOL: upload-username
 
 ! Directory with binary packages.
 SYMBOL: upload-directory
+
+! Optional: override ssh and scp command names
+SYMBOL: scp-command
+scp-command global [ "scp" or ] change-at
+
+SYMBOL: ssh-command
+ssh-command global [ "ssh" or ] change-at
diff --git a/extra/mason/help/help.factor b/extra/mason/help/help.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9ca50f0c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/mason/help/help.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: help.html sequences io.files io.launcher make namespaces
+kernel arrays mason.common mason.config ;
+IN: mason.help
+
+: make-help-archive ( -- )
+    "factor/temp" [
+        { "tar" "cfz" "docs.tar.gz" "docs" } try-process
+    ] with-directory ;
+
+: upload-help-archive ( -- )
+    "factor/temp/docs.tar.gz"
+    help-username get
+    help-host get
+    help-directory get "/docs.tar.gz" append
+    upload-safely ;
+
+: (upload-help) ( -- )
+    upload-help? get [
+        make-help-archive
+        upload-help-archive
+    ] when ;
+
+: upload-help ( -- )
+    status get status-clean eq? [ (upload-help) ] when ;
diff --git a/extra/mason/release/branch/branch-tests.factor b/extra/mason/release/branch/branch-tests.factor
index ae3ddb61fc..463f8b13c1 100644
--- a/extra/mason/release/branch/branch-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/release/branch/branch-tests.factor
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ USING: mason.release.branch mason.config tools.test namespaces ;
 
 [ { "scp" "boot.unix-x86.64.image" "joe@blah.com:/stuff/clean/netbsd-x86-64" } ] [
     [
+        "scp" scp-command set
         "joe" image-username set
         "blah.com" image-host set
         "/stuff/clean" image-directory set
diff --git a/extra/mason/release/branch/branch.factor b/extra/mason/release/branch/branch.factor
index 8872cda5b5..600b08c6b6 100644
--- a/extra/mason/release/branch/branch.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/release/branch/branch.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Eduardo Cavazos, Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel namespaces sequences prettyprint io.files
-io.launcher make
-mason.common mason.platform mason.config ;
+io.launcher make mason.common mason.platform mason.config ;
 IN: mason.release.branch
 
 : branch-name ( -- string ) "clean-" platform append ;
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ IN: mason.release.branch
 
 : upload-clean-image-cmd ( -- args )
     [
-        "scp" ,
+        scp-command get ,
         boot-image-name ,
         [
             image-username get % "@" %
@@ -45,4 +44,4 @@ IN: mason.release.branch
     ] with-directory ;
 
 : update-clean-branch ( -- )
-    upload-to-factorcode get [ (update-clean-branch) ] when ;
+    upload-to-factorcode? get [ (update-clean-branch) ] when ;
diff --git a/extra/mason/release/upload/upload-tests.factor b/extra/mason/release/upload/upload-tests.factor
index 9f5300b129..73fc311399 100644
--- a/extra/mason/release/upload/upload-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/release/upload/upload-tests.factor
@@ -1,38 +1,4 @@
 IN: mason.release.upload.tests
-USING: mason.release.upload mason.common mason.config
-mason.common namespaces calendar tools.test ;
-
-[
-    {
-        "scp"
-        "factor-linux-ppc-2008-09-11-23-12.tar.gz"
-        "slava@www.apple.com:/uploads/linux-ppc/factor-linux-ppc-2008-09-11-23-12.tar.gz.incomplete"
-    }
-    {
-        "ssh"
-        "www.apple.com"
-        "-l" "slava"
-        "mv"
-        "/uploads/linux-ppc/factor-linux-ppc-2008-09-11-23-12.tar.gz.incomplete"
-        "/uploads/linux-ppc/factor-linux-ppc-2008-09-11-23-12.tar.gz"
-    }
-] [
-    [
-        "slava" upload-username set
-        "www.apple.com" upload-host set
-        "/uploads" upload-directory set
-        "linux" target-os set
-        "ppc" target-cpu set
-        T{ timestamp
-            { year 2008 }
-            { month 09 }
-            { day 11 }
-            { hour 23 }
-            { minute 12 }
-        } datestamp stamp set
-        upload-command
-        rename-command
-    ] with-scope
-] unit-test
+USING: mason.release.upload tools.test ;
 
 \ upload must-infer
diff --git a/extra/mason/release/upload/upload.factor b/extra/mason/release/upload/upload.factor
index 2bf18f1126..68f2ffcdb5 100644
--- a/extra/mason/release/upload/upload.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/release/upload/upload.factor
@@ -11,37 +11,11 @@ IN: mason.release.upload
 : remote-archive-name ( -- dest )
     remote-location "/" archive-name 3append ;
 
-: temp-archive-name ( -- dest )
-    remote-archive-name ".incomplete" append ;
-
-: upload-command ( -- args )
-    "scp"
-    archive-name
-    [
-        upload-username get % "@" %
-        upload-host get % ":" %
-        temp-archive-name %
-    ] "" make
-    3array ;
-
-: rename-command ( -- args )
-    [
-        "ssh" ,
-        upload-host get ,
-        "-l" ,
-        upload-username get ,
-        "mv" ,
-        temp-archive-name ,
-        remote-archive-name ,
-    ] { } make ;
-
-: upload-temp-file ( -- )
-    upload-command short-running-process ;
-
-: rename-temp-file ( -- )
-    rename-command short-running-process ;
-
 : upload ( -- )
-    upload-to-factorcode get
-    [ upload-temp-file rename-temp-file ]
-    when ;
+    upload-to-factorcode? get [
+        archive-name
+        upload-username get
+        upload-host get
+        remote-archive-name
+        upload-safely
+    ] when ;
diff --git a/extra/mason/report/report.factor b/extra/mason/report/report.factor
index 145686d621..1b2697a5d1 100644
--- a/extra/mason/report/report.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/report/report.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel namespaces debugger fry io io.files io.sockets
 io.encodings.utf8 prettyprint benchmark mason.common
-mason.platform mason.config ;
+mason.platform mason.config sequences ;
 IN: mason.report
 
 : time. ( file -- )
@@ -46,21 +46,29 @@ IN: mason.report
         test-time-file time.
         help-lint-time-file time.
         benchmark-time-file time.
+        html-help-time-file time.
 
         nl
 
-        "Did not pass load-everything:" print
-        load-everything-vocabs-file cat
-        load-everything-errors-file cat
+        load-everything-vocabs-file eval-file [
+            "== Did not pass load-everything:" print .
+            load-everything-errors-file cat
+        ] unless-empty
 
-        "Did not pass test-all:" print
-        test-all-vocabs-file cat
-        test-all-errors-file cat
+        compiler-errors-file eval-file [
+            "== Vocabularies with compiler errors:" print .
+        ] unless-empty
 
-        "Did not pass help-lint:" print
-        help-lint-vocabs-file cat
-        help-lint-errors-file cat
+        test-all-vocabs-file eval-file [
+            "== Did not pass test-all:" print .
+            test-all-errors-file cat
+        ] unless-empty
 
-        "Benchmarks:" print
+        help-lint-vocabs-file eval-file [
+            "== Did not pass help-lint:" print .
+            help-lint-errors-file cat
+        ] unless-empty
+
+        "== Benchmarks:" print
         benchmarks-file eval-file benchmarks.
     ] with-report ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/mason/test/test.factor b/extra/mason/test/test.factor
index 58884175a3..b23ad19e5e 100644
--- a/extra/mason/test/test.factor
+++ b/extra/mason/test/test.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel namespaces assocs io.files io.encodings.utf8
 prettyprint help.lint benchmark tools.time bootstrap.stage2
-tools.test tools.vocabs mason.common ;
+tools.test tools.vocabs help.html mason.common words generic
+accessors compiler.errors sequences sets sorting math ;
 IN: mason.test
 
 : do-load ( -- )
@@ -11,6 +12,19 @@ IN: mason.test
     [ load-everything-errors-file utf8 [ load-failures. ] with-file-writer ]
     bi ;
 
+GENERIC: word-vocabulary ( word -- vocabulary )
+
+M: word word-vocabulary vocabulary>> ;
+
+M: method-body word-vocabulary "method-generic" word-prop word-vocabulary ;
+
+: do-compile-errors ( -- )
+    compiler-errors-file utf8 [
+        +error+ errors-of-type keys
+        [ word-vocabulary ] map
+        prune natural-sort .
+    ] with-file-writer ;
+
 : do-tests ( -- )
     run-all-tests
     [ keys test-all-vocabs-file to-file ]
@@ -26,13 +40,17 @@ IN: mason.test
 : do-benchmarks ( -- )
     run-benchmarks benchmarks-file to-file ;
 
+: benchmark-ms ( quot -- ms )
+    benchmark 1000 /i ; inline
+
 : do-all ( -- )
     ".." [
         bootstrap-time get boot-time-file to-file
-        [ do-load ] benchmark load-time-file to-file
-        [ do-tests ] benchmark test-time-file to-file
-        [ do-help-lint ] benchmark help-lint-time-file to-file
-        [ do-benchmarks ] benchmark benchmark-time-file to-file
+        [ do-load do-compile-errors ] benchmark-ms load-time-file to-file
+        [ generate-help ] benchmark-ms html-help-time-file to-file
+        [ do-tests ] benchmark-ms test-time-file to-file
+        [ do-help-lint ] benchmark-ms help-lint-time-file to-file
+        [ do-benchmarks ] benchmark-ms benchmark-time-file to-file
     ] with-directory ;
 
 MAIN: do-all
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/math/algebra/algebra.factor b/extra/math/algebra/algebra.factor
index 8cccded26a..82a2578a7f 100644
--- a/extra/math/algebra/algebra.factor
+++ b/extra/math/algebra/algebra.factor
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-! Copyright (c) 2007 Samuel Tardieu
+! Copyright (c) 2007 Samuel Tardieu.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel math math.functions sequences fry ;
 IN: math.algebra
 
 : chinese-remainder ( aseq nseq -- x )
-  dup product
-    [
+    dup product [
         '[ _ over / [ swap gcd drop ] keep * * ] 2map sum
     ] keep rem ; foldable
diff --git a/extra/math/analysis/analysis-docs.factor b/extra/math/analysis/analysis-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a810ffc1bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/analysis/analysis-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax math ;
+IN: math.analysis
+
+HELP: gamma
+{ $values { "x" number } { "y" number } }
+{ $description "Gamma function; an extension of factorial to real and complex numbers." } ;
+
+HELP: gammaln
+{ $values { "x" number } { "gamma[x]" number } }
+{ $description "An alternative to " { $link gamma } " when gamma(x)'s range varies too widely." } ;
+
+HELP: nth-root
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "x" number } { "y" number } }
+{ $description "Calculates the nth root of a number, such that " { $snippet "y^n=x" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: exp-int
+{ $values { "x" number } { "y" number } }
+{ $description "Exponential integral function." }
+{ $notes "Works only for real values of " { $snippet "x" } " and is accurate to 7 decimal places." } ;
+
+HELP: stirling-fact
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "fact" integer } }
+{ $description "James Stirling's factorial approximation." } ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/blas/cblas/cblas.factor b/extra/math/blas/cblas/cblas.factor
index 131007b9d0..58f179af80 100644
--- a/extra/math/blas/cblas/cblas.factor
+++ b/extra/math/blas/cblas/cblas.factor
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ IN: math.blas.cblas
     { [ os macosx? ] [ "libblas.dylib" "cdecl" add-library ] }
     { [ os windows? ] [ "blas.dll" "cdecl" add-library ] }
     { [ os openbsd? ] [ "libcblas.so" "cdecl" add-library ] }
+    { [ os freebsd? ] [ "libcblas.so" "cdecl" add-library ] }
     [ "libblas.so" "cdecl" add-library ]
 } cond >>
 
diff --git a/extra/math/blas/matrices/matrices.factor b/extra/math/blas/matrices/matrices.factor
index 4f50543e73..0899e2d079 100755
--- a/extra/math/blas/matrices/matrices.factor
+++ b/extra/math/blas/matrices/matrices.factor
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ combinators.lib combinators.short-circuit fry kernel locals macros
 math math.blas.cblas math.blas.vectors math.blas.vectors.private
 math.complex math.functions math.order multi-methods qualified
 sequences sequences.merged sequences.private generalizations
-shuffle symbols ;
+shuffle symbols speicalized-arrays.float specialized-arrays.double ;
 QUALIFIED: syntax
 IN: math.blas.matrices
 
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ METHOD: (blas-vector-like) { object object object double-complex-blas-matrix }
 PRIVATE>
 
 : >float-blas-matrix ( arrays -- matrix )
-    [ >c-float-array ] (>matrix) <float-blas-matrix> ;
+    [ >float-array underlying>> ] (>matrix) <float-blas-matrix> ;
 : >double-blas-matrix ( arrays -- matrix )
-    [ >c-double-array ] (>matrix) <double-blas-matrix> ;
+    [ >double-array underlying>> ] (>matrix) <double-blas-matrix> ;
 : >float-complex-blas-matrix ( arrays -- matrix )
-    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >c-float-array ] (>matrix)
+    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >float-array underlying>> ] (>matrix)
     <float-complex-blas-matrix> ;
 : >double-complex-blas-matrix ( arrays -- matrix )
-    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >c-double-array ] (>matrix)
+    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >double-array underlying>> ] (>matrix)
     <double-complex-blas-matrix> ;
 
 GENERIC: n*M.V+n*V! ( alpha A x beta y -- y=alpha*A.x+b*y )
diff --git a/extra/math/blas/vectors/vectors.factor b/extra/math/blas/vectors/vectors.factor
index a135f08f28..f29ef30ab7 100755
--- a/extra/math/blas/vectors/vectors.factor
+++ b/extra/math/blas/vectors/vectors.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 USING: accessors alien alien.c-types arrays byte-arrays combinators
 combinators.short-circuit fry kernel macros math math.blas.cblas
 math.complex math.functions math.order multi-methods qualified
-sequences sequences.private generalizations ;
+sequences sequences.private generalizations
+specialized-arrays.float specialized-arrays.double
+specialized-arrays.direct.float specialized-arrays.direct.double ;
 QUALIFIED: syntax
 IN: math.blas.vectors
 
@@ -90,14 +92,14 @@ MACRO: (do-copy) ( copy make-vector -- )
     [ [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi 2array ] map concat ;
 
 : (>c-complex) ( complex -- alien )
-    [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi 2array >c-float-array ;
+    [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi float-array{ } 2sequence underlying>> ;
 : (>z-complex) ( complex -- alien )
-    [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi 2array >c-double-array ;
+    [ real-part ] [ imaginary-part ] bi double-array{ } 2sequence underlying>> ;
 
 : (c-complex>) ( alien -- complex )
-    2 c-float-array> first2 rect> ;
+    2 <direct-float-array> first2 rect> ;
 : (z-complex>) ( alien -- complex )
-    2 c-double-array> first2 rect> ;
+    2 <direct-double-array> first2 rect> ;
 
 : (prepare-nth) ( n v -- n*inc v-data )
     [ inc>> ] [ data>> ] bi [ * ] dip ;
@@ -170,14 +172,14 @@ syntax:M: blas-vector-base equal?
     } 2&& ;
 
 : >float-blas-vector ( seq -- v )
-    [ >c-float-array ] [ length ] bi 1 <float-blas-vector> ;
+    [ >float-array underlying>> ] [ length ] bi 1 <float-blas-vector> ;
 : >double-blas-vector ( seq -- v )
-    [ >c-double-array ] [ length ] bi 1 <double-blas-vector> ;
+    [ >double-array underlying>> ] [ length ] bi 1 <double-blas-vector> ;
 : >float-complex-blas-vector ( seq -- v )
-    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >c-float-array ] [ length ] bi
+    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >float-array underlying>> ] [ length ] bi
     1 <float-complex-blas-vector> ;
 : >double-complex-blas-vector ( seq -- v )
-    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >c-double-array ] [ length ] bi
+    [ (flatten-complex-sequence) >double-array underlying>> ] [ length ] bi
     1 <double-complex-blas-vector> ;
 
 syntax:M: float-blas-vector clone
diff --git a/extra/math/combinatorics/combinatorics.factor b/extra/math/combinatorics/combinatorics.factor
index 00a104b381..1bc692ca54 100644
--- a/extra/math/combinatorics/combinatorics.factor
+++ b/extra/math/combinatorics/combinatorics.factor
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ IN: math.combinatorics
     0 [ over 0 > ] [ 1+ [ /mod ] keep swap ] [ ] produce reverse 2nip ;
 
 : (>permutation) ( seq n -- seq )
-    [ [ dupd >= [ 1+ ] when ] curry map ] keep prefix ;
+    [ '[ _ dupd >= [ 1+ ] when ] map ] keep prefix ;
 
 : >permutation ( factoradic -- permutation )
     reverse 1 cut [ (>permutation) ] each ;
diff --git a/extra/math/compare/compare-docs.factor b/extra/math/compare/compare-docs.factor
index eb199cd5fe..6c20db10fd 100644
--- a/extra/math/compare/compare-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/math/compare/compare-docs.factor
@@ -1,37 +1,23 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license
-
-USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
-
+USING: help.markup help.syntax math ;
 IN: math.compare
 
 HELP: absmin
-{ $values { "a" "a number" } { "b" "a number" } { "x" "a number" } }
-{ $description 
-    "Returns the smaller absolute number with the original sign." 
-} ;
+{ $values { "a" number } { "b" number } { "x" number } }
+{ $description "Returns the smaller absolute number with the original sign." } ;
 
 HELP: absmax
-{ $values { "a" "a number" } { "b" "a number" } { "x" "a number" } }
-{ $description 
-    "Returns the larger absolute number with the original sign."
-} ;
+{ $values { "a" number } { "b" number } { "x" number } }
+{ $description "Returns the larger absolute number with the original sign." } ;
 
 HELP: posmax
-{ $values { "a" "a number" } { "b" "a number" } { "x" "a number" } }
-{ $description 
-    "Returns the most-positive value, or zero if both are negative."
-} ;
+{ $values { "a" number } { "b" number } { "x" number } }
+{ $description "Returns the most-positive value, or zero if both are negative." } ;
 
 HELP: negmin
-{ $values { "a" "a number" } { "b" "a number" } { "x" "a number" } }
-{ $description 
-    "Returns the most-negative value, or zero if both are positive."
-} ;
+{ $values { "a" number } { "b" number } { "x" number } }
+{ $description "Returns the most-negative value, or zero if both are positive." } ;
 
 HELP: clamp
-{ $values { "a" "a number" } { "value" "a number" } { "b" "a number" } { "x" "a number" } }
-{ $description 
-    "Returns the value when between 'a' and 'b', 'a' if <= 'a', or 'b' if >= 'b'."
-} ;
+{ $values { "a" number } { "value" number } { "b" number } { "x" number } }
+{ $description "Returns the value when between " { $snippet "a" } " and " { $snippet "b" } ", " { $snippet "a" } " if <= " { $snippet "a" } ", or " { $snippet "b" } " if >= " { $snippet "b" } "." } ;
 
diff --git a/extra/math/compare/compare-tests.factor b/extra/math/compare/compare-tests.factor
index 765f34e695..272471fe5d 100644
--- a/extra/math/compare/compare-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/math/compare/compare-tests.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license
-
-USING: kernel math math.functions math.compare tools.test ;
-
+USING: kernel math math.compare math.functions tools.test ;
 IN: math.compare.tests
 
 [ -1 ] [ -1 5 absmin ] unit-test
@@ -23,6 +19,3 @@ IN: math.compare.tests
 [ 1 ] [ 0 1 2 clamp ] unit-test
 [ 2 ] [ 0 3 2 clamp ] unit-test
 
-
-
-
diff --git a/extra/math/compare/compare.factor b/extra/math/compare/compare.factor
index d19dac3d2b..826f0ecf16 100644
--- a/extra/math/compare/compare.factor
+++ b/extra/math/compare/compare.factor
@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson
+! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license
-
 USING: math math.order kernel ;
+IN: math.compare
 
-IN: math.compare 
+: absmin ( a b -- x )
+    [ [ abs ] bi@ < ] 2keep ? ;
 
-: absmin ( a b -- x ) 
-   [ [ abs ] bi@ < ] 2keep ? ;
+: absmax ( a b -- x )
+    [ [ abs ] bi@ > ] 2keep ? ;
 
-: absmax ( a b -- x ) 
-   [ [ abs ] bi@ > ] 2keep ? ;
+: posmax ( a b -- x )
+    0 max max ;
 
-: posmax ( a b -- x ) 
-   0 max max ;
-
-: negmin ( a b -- x ) 
-   0 min min ;
+: negmin ( a b -- x )
+    0 min min ;
 
 : clamp ( a value b -- x )
-   min max ; 
+    min max ;
diff --git a/extra/math/erato/erato.factor b/extra/math/erato/erato.factor
index 4c6675e8f1..7f9262380c 100644
--- a/extra/math/erato/erato.factor
+++ b/extra/math/erato/erato.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (c) 2007 Samuel Tardieu.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: bit-arrays kernel lists.lazy math math.functions math.primes.list
-       math.ranges sequences accessors ;
+USING: accessors bit-arrays fry kernel lists.lazy math math.functions
+    math.primes.list math.ranges sequences ;
 IN: math.erato
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -9,35 +9,35 @@ IN: math.erato
 TUPLE: erato limit bits latest ;
 
 : ind ( n -- i )
-  2/ 1- ; inline
+    2/ 1- ; inline
 
 : is-prime ( n limit -- bool )
-  [ ind ] [ bits>> ] bi* nth ; inline
+    [ ind ] [ bits>> ] bi* nth ; inline
 
 : indices ( n erato -- range )
-  limit>> ind over 3 * ind swap rot <range> ;
+    limit>> ind over 3 * ind spin <range> ;
 
 : mark-multiples ( n erato -- )
-  over sq over limit>> <=
-  [ [ indices ] keep bits>> [ f -rot set-nth ] curry each ] [ 2drop ] if ;
+    2dup [ sq ] [ limit>> ] bi* <= [
+        [ indices ] keep bits>> '[ _ f -rot set-nth ] each
+    ] [ 2drop ] if ;
 
 : <erato> ( n -- erato )
-  dup ind 1+ <bit-array> 1 over set-bits erato boa ;
+    dup ind 1+ <bit-array> dup set-bits 1 erato boa ;
 
 : next-prime ( erato -- prime/f )
-  [ 2 + ] change-latest [ latest>> ] keep
-  2dup limit>> <=
-  [
-    2dup is-prime [ dupd mark-multiples ] [ nip next-prime ] if
-  ] [
-    2drop f
-  ] if ;
+    [ 2 + ] change-latest [ latest>> ] keep
+    2dup limit>> <= [
+        2dup is-prime [ dupd mark-multiples ] [ nip next-prime ] if
+    ] [
+        2drop f
+    ] if ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
 : lerato ( n -- lazy-list )
-  dup 1000003 < [
-    0 primes-under-million seq>list swap [ <= ] curry lwhile
-  ] [
-    <erato> 2 [ drop next-prime ] with lfrom-by [ ] lwhile
-  ] if ;
+    dup 1000003 < [
+        0 primes-under-million seq>list swap '[ _ <= ] lwhile
+    ] [
+        <erato> 2 [ drop next-prime ] with lfrom-by [ ] lwhile
+    ] if ;
diff --git a/extra/math/erato/summary.txt b/extra/math/erato/summary.txt
index e8982fa3e0..ee15b7e06f 100644
--- a/extra/math/erato/summary.txt
+++ b/extra/math/erato/summary.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Sieve of Eratosthene
+Sieve of Eratosthenes
diff --git a/extra/math/fft/fft.factor b/extra/math/fft/fft.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index b82ecb6b2c..0000000000
--- a/extra/math/fft/fft.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-! Fast Fourier Transform, copyright (C) 2007 Hans Schmid
-! http://dressguardmeister.blogspot.com/2007/01/fft.html
-USING: arrays sequences math math.vectors math.constants
-math.functions kernel splitting grouping columns ;
-IN: math.fft
-
-: n^v ( n v -- w ) [ ^ ] with map ;
-: even ( seq -- seq ) 2 group 0 <column> ;
-: odd ( seq -- seq ) 2 group 1 <column> ;
-DEFER: fft
-: two ( seq -- seq ) fft 2 v/n dup append ;
-: omega ( n -- n' ) recip -2 pi i* * * exp ;
-: twiddle ( seq -- seq ) dup length dup omega swap n^v v* ;
-: (fft) ( seq -- seq ) dup odd two twiddle swap even two v+ ;
-: fft ( seq -- seq ) dup length 1 = [ (fft) ] unless ;
diff --git a/extra/math/finance/finance.factor b/extra/math/finance/finance.factor
index db300a3b70..e02f4be624 100644
--- a/extra/math/finance/finance.factor
+++ b/extra/math/finance/finance.factor
@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license
-
+! Copyright (C) 2008 John Benediktsson.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays assocs kernel grouping sequences shuffle
 math math.functions math.statistics math.vectors ;
-
 IN: math.finance
 
 <PRIVATE
 
-: weighted ( x y a -- z ) 
-    tuck [ * ] [ 1 swap - * ] 2bi* + ;
+: weighted ( x y a -- z )
+    tuck [ * ] [ 1- neg * ] 2bi* + ;
 
-: a ( n -- a ) 
-    1 + 2 swap / ;
+: a ( n -- a )
+    1+ 2 swap / ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
 : ema ( seq n -- newseq )
-    a swap unclip [ [ dup ] 2dip swap rot weighted ] accumulate 2nip ;
+    a swap unclip [ [ dup ] 2dip spin weighted ] accumulate 2nip ;
 
 : sma ( seq n -- newseq )
     clump [ mean ] map ;
@@ -26,6 +24,5 @@ PRIVATE>
     rot dup ema [ swap ema ] dip v- ;
 
 : momentum ( seq n -- newseq )
-    2dup tail-slice -rot swap [ length ] keep
-    [ - neg ] dip swap head-slice v- ;
+    [ tail-slice ] 2keep [ dup length ] dip - head-slice v- ;
 
diff --git a/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point-tests.factor b/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point-tests.factor
index 2a60d30d02..7f3a87f9a5 100644
--- a/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: tools.test math.floating-point ;
+USING: tools.test math.floating-point math.constants kernel ;
 IN: math.floating-point.tests
+
+[ t ] [ pi >double< >double pi = ] unit-test
+[ t ] [ -1.0 >double< >double -1.0 = ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point.factor b/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point.factor
index 87767181cd..0d224bfc9d 100644
--- a/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point.factor
+++ b/extra/math/floating-point/floating-point.factor
@@ -1,32 +1,39 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel math sequences ;
+USING: kernel math sequences prettyprint math.parser io
+math.functions math.bitwise ;
 IN: math.floating-point
 
-: float-sign ( float -- ? )
-    float>bits -31 shift { 1 -1 } nth ; 
+: (double-sign) ( bits -- n ) -63 shift ; inline
+: double-sign ( double -- n ) double>bits (double-sign) ;
 
-: double-sign ( float -- ? )
-    double>bits -63 shift { 1 -1 } nth ;
-
-: float-exponent-bits ( float -- n )
-    float>bits -23 shift 8 2^ 1- bitand ;
+: (double-exponent-bits) ( bits -- n )
+    -52 shift 11 on-bits mask ; inline
 
 : double-exponent-bits ( double -- n )
-    double>bits -52 shift 11 2^ 1- bitand ;
+    double>bits (double-exponent-bits) ;
 
-: float-mantissa-bits ( float -- n )
-    float>bits 23 2^ 1- bitand ;
+: (double-mantissa-bits) ( double -- n )
+    52 on-bits mask ;
 
 : double-mantissa-bits ( double -- n )
-    double>bits 52 2^ 1- bitand ;
+    double>bits (double-mantissa-bits) ;
 
-: float-e ( -- float ) 127 ; inline
-: double-e ( -- float ) 1023 ; inline
+: >double ( S E M -- frac )
+    [ 52 shift ] dip
+    [ 63 shift ] 2dip bitor bitor bits>double ;
 
-! : calculate-float ( S M E -- float )
-    ! float-e - 2^ * * ; ! bits>float ;
-
-! : calculate-double ( S M E -- frac )
-    ! double-e - 2^ swap 52 2^ /f 1+ * * ;
+: >double< ( double -- S E M )
+    double>bits
+    [ (double-sign) ]
+    [ (double-exponent-bits) ]
+    [ (double-mantissa-bits) ] tri ;
 
+: double. ( double -- )
+    double>bits
+    [ (double-sign) .b ]
+    [ (double-exponent-bits) >bin 11 CHAR: 0 pad-left bl print ]
+    [
+        (double-mantissa-bits) >bin 52 CHAR: 0 pad-left
+        11 [ bl ] times print
+    ] tri ;
diff --git a/extra/math/function-tools/function-tools.factor b/extra/math/function-tools/function-tools.factor
index ec93a0891a..3bc785c1b6 100644
--- a/extra/math/function-tools/function-tools.factor
+++ b/extra/math/function-tools/function-tools.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
-! Copyright © 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II
-! Tools for quickly comparing, transforming, and evaluating mathematical Factor functions
-
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel math arrays sequences sequences.lib ;
-IN: math.function-tools 
-: difference-func ( func func -- func ) [ bi - ] 2curry ; inline
-: eval ( x func -- pt ) dupd call 2array ; inline
-: eval-inverse ( y func -- pt ) dupd call swap 2array ; inline
-: eval3d ( x y func -- pt ) [ 2dup ] dip call 3array ; inline
+IN: math.function-tools
+
+! Tools for quickly comparing, transforming, and evaluating mathematical functions
+
+: difference-func ( func func -- func )
+    [ bi - ] 2curry ; inline
+
+: eval ( x func -- pt )
+    dupd call 2array ; inline
+
+: eval-inverse ( y func -- pt )
+    dupd call swap 2array ; inline
+
+: eval3d ( x y func -- pt )
+    [ 2dup ] dip call 3array ; inline
diff --git a/extra/math/haar/haar.factor b/extra/math/haar/haar.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index f1bf87161c..0000000000
--- a/extra/math/haar/haar.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-! Haar wavelet transform -- http://dmr.ath.cx/gfx/haar/
-USING: sequences math kernel splitting grouping columns ;
-IN: math.haar
-
-: averages ( seq -- seq )
-    [ first2 + 2 / ] map ;
-
-: differences ( seq averages -- differences )
-    >r 0 <column> r> [ - ] 2map ;
-
-: haar-step ( seq -- differences averages )
-    2 group dup averages [ differences ] keep ;
-
-: haar ( seq -- seq )
-    dup length 1 <= [ haar-step haar prepend ] unless ;
diff --git a/extra/math/matrices/elimination/elimination.factor b/extra/math/matrices/elimination/elimination.factor
index 6e83a61eb3..0368dd5286 100755
--- a/extra/math/matrices/elimination/elimination.factor
+++ b/extra/math/matrices/elimination/elimination.factor
@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ SYMBOL: matrix
 : cols ( -- n ) 0 nth-row length ;
 
 : skip ( i seq quot -- n )
-    over >r find-from drop r> length or ; inline
+    over [ find-from drop ] dip length or ; inline
 
 : first-col ( row# -- n )
     #! First non-zero column
     0 swap nth-row [ zero? not ] skip ;
 
 : clear-scale ( col# pivot-row i-row -- n )
-    >r over r> nth dup zero? [
+    [ over ] dip nth dup zero? [
         3drop 0
     ] [
-        >r nth dup zero? r> swap [
+        [ nth dup zero? ] dip swap [
             2drop 0
         ] [
             swap / neg
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ SYMBOL: matrix
     ] if ;
 
 : (clear-col) ( col# pivot-row i -- )
-    [ [ clear-scale ] 2keep >r n*v r> v+ ] change-row ;
+    [ [ clear-scale ] 2keep [ n*v ] dip v+ ] change-row ;
 
 : rows-from ( row# -- slice )
     rows dup <slice> ;
 
 : clear-col ( col# row# rows -- )
-    >r nth-row r> [ >r 2dup r> (clear-col) ] each 2drop ;
+    [ nth-row ] dip [ [ 2dup ] dip (clear-col) ] each 2drop ;
 
 : do-row ( exchange-with row# -- )
     [ exchange-rows ] keep
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ SYMBOL: matrix
     dup 1+ rows-from clear-col ;
 
 : find-row ( row# quot -- i elt )
-    >r rows-from r> find ; inline
+    [ rows-from ] dip find ; inline
 
 : pivot-row ( col# row# -- n )
     [ dupd nth-row nth zero? not ] find-row 2nip ;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ SYMBOL: matrix
 : (echelon) ( col# row# -- )
     over cols < over rows < and [
         2dup pivot-row [ over do-row 1+ ] when*
-        >r 1+ r> (echelon)
+        [ 1+ ] dip (echelon)
     ] [
         2drop
     ] if ;
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ SYMBOL: matrix
     ] with-matrix ;
 
 : basis-vector ( row col# -- )
-    >r clone r>
+    [ clone ] dip
     [ swap nth neg recip ] 2keep
     [ 0 spin set-nth ] 2keep
-    >r n*v r>
+    [ n*v ] dip
     matrix get set-nth ;
 
 : nullspace ( matrix -- seq )
diff --git a/extra/math/matrices/matrices-tests.factor b/extra/math/matrices/matrices-tests.factor
index ee2516e9a6..6f87109ba0 100644
--- a/extra/math/matrices/matrices-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/math/matrices/matrices-tests.factor
@@ -102,3 +102,5 @@ USING: math.matrices math.vectors tools.test math ;
 [ { 0 0 -1 } ] [ { 1 0 0 } { 0 1 0 } cross ] unit-test
 [ { 1 0 0 } ] [ { 0 1 0 } { 0 0 1 } cross ] unit-test
 [ { 0 1 0 } ] [ { 0 0 1 } { 1 0 0 } cross ] unit-test
+
+[ { 1 0 0 } ] [ { 1 1 0 } { 1 0 0 } proj ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/math/matrices/matrices.factor b/extra/math/matrices/matrices.factor
index 529ddb083a..0088b17372 100755
--- a/extra/math/matrices/matrices.factor
+++ b/extra/math/matrices/matrices.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2008 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays kernel sequences math math.functions
-math.vectors math.order ;
+USING: arrays kernel math math.order math.vectors sequences ;
 IN: math.matrices
 
 ! Matrices
@@ -29,8 +28,8 @@ IN: math.matrices
 : m.v ( m v -- v ) [ v. ] curry map ;
 : m.  ( m m -- m ) flip [ swap m.v ] curry map ;
 
-: mmin ( m -- n ) >r 1/0. r> [ [ min ] each ] each ;
-: mmax ( m -- n ) >r -1/0. r> [ [ max ] each ] each ;
+: mmin ( m -- n ) [ 1/0. ] dip [ [ min ] each ] each ;
+: mmax ( m -- n ) [ -1/0. ] dip [ [ max ] each ] each ;
 : mnorm ( m -- n ) dup mmax abs m/n ;
 
 <PRIVATE
diff --git a/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor b/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
index 45665c701d..def8a04738 100755
--- a/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
+++ b/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
@@ -11,13 +11,6 @@ IN: math.miller-rabin
 
 TUPLE: positive-even-expected n ;
 
-: (factor-2s) ( r s -- r s )
-    dup even? [ -1 shift >r 1+ r> (factor-2s) ] when ;
-
-: factor-2s ( n -- r s )
-    #! factor an integer into s * 2^r
-    0 swap (factor-2s) ;
-
 :: (miller-rabin) ( n trials -- ? )
     [let | r [ n 1- factor-2s drop ]
            s [ n 1- factor-2s nip ]
diff --git a/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-docs.factor b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edffa5377d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax math sequences ;
+IN: math.polynomials
+
+ARTICLE: "polynomials" "Polynomials"
+"A polynomial is a vector with the highest powers on the right:"
+{ $code "{ 1 1 0 1 } -> 1 + x + x^3" "{ } -> 0" }
+"Numerous words are defined to help with polynomial arithmetic:"
+{ $subsection p= }
+{ $subsection p+ }
+{ $subsection p- }
+{ $subsection p* }
+{ $subsection p-sq }
+{ $subsection powers }
+{ $subsection n*p }
+{ $subsection p/mod }
+{ $subsection pgcd }
+{ $subsection polyval }
+{ $subsection pdiff }
+{ $subsection pextend-conv }
+{ $subsection ptrim }
+{ $subsection 2ptrim } ;
+
+ABOUT: "polynomials"
+
+HELP: powers
+{ $values { "n" integer } { "x" number } { "seq" sequence } }
+{ $description "Output a sequence having " { $snippet "n" } " elements in the format: " { $snippet "{ 1 x x^2 x^3 ... }" } "." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "4 2 powers ." "{ 1 2 4 8 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p=
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "?" "a boolean" } }
+{ $description "Tests if two polynomials are equal." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 0 1 } { 0 1 0 } p= ." "t" } } ;
+
+HELP: ptrim
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "p" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Trims excess zeros from a polynomial." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 0 1 0 0 } ptrim ." "{ 0 1 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: 2ptrim
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Trims excess zeros from two polynomials." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: kernel math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 0 1 0 0 } { 1 0 0 } 2ptrim [ . ] bi@" "{ 0 1 }\n{ 1 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p+
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "r" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Adds " { $snippet "p" } " and " { $snippet "q" } " component-wise." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 0 1 } { 0 1 } p+ ." "{ 1 1 1 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p-
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "r" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Subtracts " { $snippet "q" } " from " { $snippet "p" } " component-wise." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 1 1 } { 0 1 } p- ." "{ 1 0 1 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: n*p
+{ $values { "n" number } { "p" "a polynomial" } { "n*p" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Multiplies each element of " { $snippet "p" } " by " { $snippet "n" } "." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "4 { 3 0 1 } n*p ." "{ 12 0 4 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: pextend-conv
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Convulution, extending to " { $snippet "p_m + q_n - 1" } "." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: kernel math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 0 1 } { 0 1 } pextend-conv [ . ] bi@" "V{ 1 0 1 0 }\nV{ 0 1 0 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p*
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "r" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Multiplies two polynomials." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 2 3 0 0 0 } { 1 2 0 0 } p* ." "{ 1 4 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p-sq
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "p^2" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Squares a polynomial." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 2 0 } p-sq ." "{ 1 4 4 0 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: p/mod
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "z" "a polynomial" } { "w" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Computes to quotient " { $snippet "z" } " and remainder " { $snippet "w" } " of dividing " { $snippet "p" } " by " { $snippet "q" } "." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: kernel math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 1 1 1 } { 3 1 } p/mod [ . ] bi@" "V{ 7 -2 1 }\nV{ -20 0 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: pgcd
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "q" "a polynomial" } { "a" "a polynomial" } { "d" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Computes the greatest common divisor " { $snippet "d" } " of " { $snippet "p" } " and " { $snippet "q" } ", and another value " { $snippet "a" } " satisfying:" { $code "a*q = d mod p" } }
+{ $notes "GCD in the case of polynomials is a monic polynomial of the highest possible degree that divides into both " { $snippet "p" } " and " { $snippet "q" } "." }
+{ $examples
+    { $example "USING: kernel math.polynomials prettyprint ;"
+               "{ 1 1 1 1 } { 1 1 } pgcd [ . ] bi@"
+               "{ 0 0 }\n{ 1 1 }"
+    }
+} ;
+
+HELP: pdiff
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "p'" "a polynomial" } }
+{ $description "Finds the derivative of " { $snippet "p" } "." } ;
+
+HELP: polyval
+{ $values { "p" "a polynomial" } { "x" number } { "p[x]" number } }
+{ $description "Evaluate " { $snippet "p" } " with the input " { $snippet "x" } "." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.polynomials prettyprint ;" "{ 1 0 1 } 2 polyval ." "5" } } ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-tests.factor b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-tests.factor
index cccf24fbff..cd88d19d13 100644
--- a/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials-tests.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-IN: math.polynomials.tests
 USING: kernel math math.polynomials tools.test ;
+IN: math.polynomials.tests
 
-! Tests
 [ { 0 1 } ] [ { 0 1 0 0 } ptrim ] unit-test
 [ { 1 } ] [ { 1 0 0 } ptrim ] unit-test
 [ { 0 } ] [ { 0 } ptrim ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials.factor b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials.factor
index 51512ca2e3..13090b6486 100644
--- a/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials.factor
+++ b/extra/math/polynomials/polynomials.factor
@@ -1,47 +1,41 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays kernel sequences vectors math math.vectors
-namespaces make shuffle splitting sequences.lib math.order ;
+USING: arrays kernel make math math.order math.vectors sequences shuffle
+    splitting vectors ;
 IN: math.polynomials
 
-! Polynomials are vectors with the highest powers on the right:
-! { 1 1 0 1 } -> 1 + x + x^3
-! { } -> 0
-
-: powers ( n x -- seq )
-    #! Output sequence has n elements, { 1 x x^2 x^3 ... }
-    <array> 1 [ * ] accumulate nip ;
-
 <PRIVATE
-: 2pad-left ( p p n -- p p ) 0 [ pad-left swap ] 2keep pad-left swap ;
-: 2pad-right ( p p n -- p p ) 0 [ pad-right swap ] 2keep pad-right swap ;
-: pextend ( p p -- p p ) 2dup [ length ] bi@ max 2pad-right ;
-: pextend-left ( p p -- p p ) 2dup [ length ] bi@ max 2pad-left ;
+
+: 2pad-left ( p q n -- p q ) [ 0 pad-left ] curry bi@ ;
+: 2pad-right ( p q n -- p q ) [ 0 pad-right ] curry bi@ ;
+: pextend ( p q -- p q ) 2dup [ length ] bi@ max 2pad-right ;
+: pextend-left ( p q -- p q ) 2dup [ length ] bi@ max 2pad-left ;
 : unempty ( seq -- seq ) [ { 0 } ] when-empty ;
 : 2unempty ( seq seq -- seq seq ) [ unempty ] bi@ ;
 
 PRIVATE>
-: p= ( p p -- ? ) pextend = ;
+
+: powers ( n x -- seq )
+    <array> 1 [ * ] accumulate nip ;
+
+: p= ( p q -- ? ) pextend = ;
 
 : ptrim ( p -- p )
     dup length 1 = [ [ zero? ] trim-right ] unless ;
 
-: 2ptrim ( p p -- p p ) [ ptrim ] bi@ ;
-: p+ ( p p -- p ) pextend v+ ;
-: p- ( p p -- p ) pextend v- ;
+: 2ptrim ( p q -- p q ) [ ptrim ] bi@ ;
+: p+ ( p q -- r ) pextend v+ ;
+: p- ( p q -- r ) pextend v- ;
 : n*p ( n p -- n*p ) n*v ;
 
-! convolution
-: pextend-conv ( p p -- p p )
-    #! extend to: p_m + p_n - 1 
+: pextend-conv ( p q -- p q )
     2dup [ length ] bi@ + 1- 2pad-right [ >vector ] bi@ ;
 
-: p* ( p p -- p )
-    #! Multiply two polynomials.
+: p* ( p q -- r )
     2unempty pextend-conv <reversed> dup length
     [ over length pick <slice> pick [ * ] 2map sum ] map 2nip reverse ;
-    
-: p-sq ( p -- p-sq )
+
+: p-sq ( p -- p^2 )
     dup p* ;
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -64,25 +58,27 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 PRIVATE>
 
-: p/mod ( a b -- / mod )
+: p/mod ( p q -- z w )
     p/mod-setup [ [ (p/mod) ] times ] V{ } make
     reverse nip swap 2ptrim pextend ;
 
+<PRIVATE
+
 : (pgcd) ( b a y x -- a d )
     dup V{ 0 } clone p= [
         drop nip
     ] [
-        tuck p/mod >r pick p* swap >r swapd p- r> r> (pgcd)
+        tuck p/mod [ pick p* swap [ swapd p- ] dip ] dip (pgcd)
     ] if ;
 
-: pgcd ( p p -- p q )
+PRIVATE>
+
+: pgcd ( p q -- a d )
     swap V{ 0 } clone V{ 1 } clone 2swap (pgcd) [ >array ] bi@ ;
 
 : pdiff ( p -- p' )
-    #! Polynomial derivative.
     dup length v* { 0 } ?head drop ;
 
 : polyval ( p x -- p[x] )
-    #! Evaluate a polynomial.
     [ dup length ] dip powers v. ;
 
diff --git a/extra/math/primes/factors/factors.factor b/extra/math/primes/factors/factors.factor
index 059bd67c18..80c93f2ae0 100644
--- a/extra/math/primes/factors/factors.factor
+++ b/extra/math/primes/factors/factors.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Samuel Tardieu.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: arrays kernel lists math math.primes namespaces make
-sequences ;
+USING: arrays kernel lists make math math.primes sequences ;
 IN: math.primes.factors
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -11,14 +10,16 @@ IN: math.primes.factors
 
 : (count) ( n d -- n' )
     [ (factor) ] { } make
-    [ [ first ] keep length 2array , ] unless-empty ;
+    [ [ first ] [ length ] bi 2array , ] unless-empty ;
 
 : (unique) ( n d -- n' )
     [ (factor) ] { } make
     [ first , ] unless-empty ;
 
 : (factors) ( quot list n -- )
-    dup 1 > [ swap uncons swap >r pick call r> swap (factors) ] [ 3drop ] if ;
+    dup 1 > [
+        swap uncons swap [ pick call ] dip swap (factors)
+    ] [ 3drop ] if ;
 
 : (decompose) ( n quot -- seq )
     [ lprimes rot (factors) ] { } make ;
@@ -38,5 +39,5 @@ PRIVATE>
     dup 2 < [
         drop 0
     ] [
-        dup unique-factors dup 1 [ 1- * ] reduce swap product / *
+        dup unique-factors [ 1 [ 1- * ] reduce ] [ product ] bi / *
     ] if ; foldable
diff --git a/extra/math/primes/primes.factor b/extra/math/primes/primes.factor
index feb60c555d..820d5b6c4a 100644
--- a/extra/math/primes/primes.factor
+++ b/extra/math/primes/primes.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007 Samuel Tardieu.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: combinators kernel lists.lazy math math.functions math.miller-rabin
-       math.order math.primes.list math.ranges sequences sorting
-       binary-search ;
+USING: binary-search combinators kernel lists.lazy math math.functions
+    math.miller-rabin math.primes.list sequences ;
 IN: math.primes
 
 <PRIVATE
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     } cond ; foldable
 
 : primes-between ( low high -- seq )
-    primes-upto
-    [ 1- next-prime ] dip
-    [ natural-search drop ] keep [ length ] keep <slice> ; foldable
+    primes-upto [ 1- next-prime ] dip
+    [ natural-search drop ] [ length ] [ ] tri <slice> ; foldable
 
 : coprime? ( a b -- ? ) gcd nip 1 = ; foldable
diff --git a/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions-docs.factor b/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb34ec8da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax math math.vectors vectors ;
+IN: math.quaternions
+
+HELP: q*
+{ $values { "u" "a quaternion" } { "v" "a quaternion" } { "u*v" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Multiply quaternions." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.quaternions prettyprint ;" "{ C{ 0 1 } 0 } { 0 1 } q* ." "{ 0 C{ 0 1 } }" } } ;
+
+HELP: qconjugate
+{ $values { "u" "a quaternion" } { "u'" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Quaternion conjugate." } ;
+
+HELP: qrecip
+{ $values { "u" "a quaternion" } { "1/u" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Quaternion inverse." } ;
+
+HELP: q/
+{ $values { "u" "a quaternion" } { "v" "a quaternion" } { "u/v" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Divide quaternions." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.quaternions prettyprint ;" "{ 0 C{ 0 1 } } { 0 1 } q/ ." "{ C{ 0 1 } 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: q*n
+{ $values { "q" "a quaternion" } { "n" number } { "q" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Multiplies each element of " { $snippet "q" } " by " { $snippet "n" } "." }
+{ $notes "You will get the wrong result if you try to multiply a quaternion by a complex number on the right using " { $link v*n } ". Use this word instead."
+    $nl "Note that " { $link v*n } " with a quaternion and a real is okay." } ;
+
+HELP: c>q
+{ $values { "c" number } { "q" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Turn a complex number into a quaternion." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.quaternions prettyprint ;" "C{ 0 1 } c>q ." "{ C{ 0 1 } 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: v>q
+{ $values { "v" vector } { "q" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Turn a 3-vector into a quaternion with real part 0." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.quaternions prettyprint ;" "{ 1 0 0 } v>q ." "{ C{ 0 1 } 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: q>v
+{ $values { "q" "a quaternion" } { "v" vector } }
+{ $description "Get the vector part of a quaternion, discarding the real part." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.quaternions prettyprint ;" "{ C{ 0 1 } 0 } q>v ." "{ 1 0 0 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: euler
+{ $values { "phi" number } { "theta" number } { "psi" number } { "q" "a quaternion" } }
+{ $description "Convert a rotation given by Euler angles (phi, theta, and psi) to a quaternion." } ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions.factor b/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions.factor
index 65f18d3568..bb0d025dc6 100755
--- a/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions.factor
+++ b/extra/math/quaternions/quaternions.factor
@@ -1,62 +1,48 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Slava Pestov.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-
-! Everybody's favorite non-commutative skew field, the
-! quaternions!
-
-! Quaternions are represented as pairs of complex numbers,
-! using the identity: (a+bi)+(c+di)j = a+bi+cj+dk.
-USING: arrays kernel math math.vectors math.functions
-arrays sequences ;
+USING: arrays kernel math math.functions math.vectors sequences ;
 IN: math.quaternions
 
+! Everybody's favorite non-commutative skew field, the quaternions!
+
+! Quaternions are represented as pairs of complex numbers, using the
+! identity: (a+bi)+(c+di)j = a+bi+cj+dk.
+
 <PRIVATE
 
 : ** conjugate * ; inline
 
 : 2q ( u v -- u' u'' v' v'' ) [ first2 ] bi@ ; inline
 
-: q*a ( u v -- a ) 2q swapd ** >r * r> - ; inline
+: q*a ( u v -- a ) 2q swapd ** [ * ] dip - ; inline
 
-: q*b ( u v -- b ) 2q >r ** swap r> * + ; inline
+: q*b ( u v -- b ) 2q [ ** swap ] dip * + ; inline
 
 PRIVATE>
 
 : q* ( u v -- u*v )
-    #! Multiply quaternions.
     [ q*a ] [ q*b ] 2bi 2array ;
 
 : qconjugate ( u -- u' )
-    #! Quaternion conjugate.
     first2 [ conjugate ] [ neg  ] bi* 2array ;
 
 : qrecip ( u -- 1/u )
-    #! Quaternion inverse.
     qconjugate dup norm-sq v/n ;
 
 : q/ ( u v -- u/v )
-    #! Divide quaternions.
     qrecip q* ;
 
 : q*n ( q n -- q )
-    #! Note: you will get the wrong result if you try to
-    #! multiply a quaternion by a complex number on the right
-    #! using v*n. Use this word instead. Note that v*n with a
-    #! quaternion and a real is okay.
     conjugate v*n ;
 
 : c>q ( c -- q )
-    #! Turn a complex number into a quaternion.
     0 2array ;
 
 : v>q ( v -- q )
-    #! Turn a 3-vector into a quaternion with real part 0.
-    first3 rect> >r 0 swap rect> r> 2array ;
+    first3 rect> [ 0 swap rect> ] dip 2array ;
 
 : q>v ( q -- v )
-    #! Get the vector part of a quaternion, discarding the real
-    #! part.
-    first2 >r imaginary-part r> >rect 3array ;
+    first2 [ imaginary-part ] dip >rect 3array ;
 
 ! Zero
 : q0 { 0 0 } ;
@@ -67,11 +53,14 @@ PRIVATE>
 : qj { 0 1 } ;
 : qk { 0 C{ 0 1 } } ;
 
-! Euler angles -- see
-! http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/aeroblks/euleranglestoquaternions.html
+! Euler angles
+
+<PRIVATE
 
 : (euler) ( theta unit -- q )
-    >r -0.5 * dup cos c>q swap sin r> n*v v- ;
+    [ -0.5 * [ cos c>q ] [ sin ] bi ] dip n*v v- ;
+
+PRIVATE>
 
 : euler ( phi theta psi -- q )
   [ qi (euler) ] [ qj (euler) ] [ qk (euler) ] tri* q* q* ;
diff --git a/extra/math/secant-method/secant-method.factor b/extra/math/secant-method/secant-method.factor
index ad52c0cd4a..0d32562241 100644
--- a/extra/math/secant-method/secant-method.factor
+++ b/extra/math/secant-method/secant-method.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-! Copyright © 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-! Secant Method of approximating roots
 USING: kernel math math.function-tools math.points math.vectors ;
 IN: math.secant-method
 
+! Secant method of approximating roots
+
 <PRIVATE
 
 : secant-solution ( x1 x2 function -- solution )
diff --git a/extra/math/statistics/statistics.factor b/extra/math/statistics/statistics.factor
index 8cd6d26c1c..7568af5294 100644
--- a/extra/math/statistics/statistics.factor
+++ b/extra/math/statistics/statistics.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman, Michael Judge.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel math math.analysis math.functions math.vectors sequences
-sequences.lib sorting ;
+USING: arrays combinators kernel math math.analysis math.functions sequences
+    sequences.lib sorting ;
 IN: math.statistics
 
 : mean ( seq -- n )
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ IN: math.statistics
 
 : median ( seq -- n )
     #! middle number if odd, avg of two middle numbers if even
-    natural-sort dup length dup even? [
-        1- 2 / swap [ nth ] [ [ 1+ ] dip nth ] 2bi + 2 /
+    natural-sort dup length even? [
+        [ midpoint@ dup 1- 2array ] keep nths mean
     ] [
-        2 / swap nth
+        [ midpoint@ ] keep nth
     ] if ;
 
 : range ( seq -- n )
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ IN: math.statistics
 
 : ste ( seq -- x )
     #! standard error, standard deviation / sqrt ( length of sequence )
-    dup std swap length sqrt / ;
+    [ std ] [ length ] bi sqrt / ;
 
 : ((r)) ( mean(x) mean(y) {x} {y} -- (r) )
     ! finds sigma((xi-mean(x))(yi-mean(y))
-    0 [ [ >r pick r> swap - ] bi@ * + ] 2reduce 2nip ;
+    0 [ [ [ pick ] dip swap - ] bi@ * + ] 2reduce 2nip ;
 
 : (r) ( mean(x) mean(y) {x} {y} sx sy -- r )
-    * recip >r [ ((r)) ] keep length 1- / r> * ;
+    * recip [ [ ((r)) ] keep length 1- / ] dip * ;
 
 : [r] ( {{x,y}...} -- mean(x) mean(y) {x} {y} sx sy )
     first2 [ [ [ mean ] bi@ ] 2keep ] 2keep [ std ] bi@ ;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ IN: math.statistics
     r sq ;
 
 : least-squares ( {{x,y}...} -- alpha beta )
-    [r] >r >r >r >r 2dup r> r> r> r>
+    [r] { [ 2dup ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] } spread
     ! stack is mean(x) mean(y) mean(x) mean(y) {x} {y} sx sy
     [ (r) ] 2keep ! stack is mean(x) mean(y) r sx sy
     swap / * ! stack is mean(x) mean(y) beta
diff --git a/extra/math/text/english/english.factor b/extra/math/text/english/english.factor
index dfb0c00388..58dab74cdb 100755
--- a/extra/math/text/english/english.factor
+++ b/extra/math/text/english/english.factor
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ IN: math.text.english
 
 SYMBOL: and-needed?
 : set-conjunction ( seq -- )
-    first { [ dup 100 < ] [ dup 0 > ] } 0&& and-needed? set drop ;
+    first { [ 100 < ] [ 0 > ] } 1&& and-needed? set ;
 
 : negative-text ( n -- str )
     0 < "Negative " "" ? ;
diff --git a/extra/math/fft/authors.txt b/extra/math/transforms/fft/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/math/fft/authors.txt
rename to extra/math/transforms/fft/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft-docs.factor b/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..430058b362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax sequences ;
+IN: math.transforms.fft
+
+HELP: fft
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "seq" sequence } }
+{ $description "Fast Fourier transform function." } ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft.factor b/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0688c00468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/fft/fft.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2007 Hans Schmid.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: columns grouping kernel math math.constants math.functions math.vectors
+    sequences ;
+IN: math.transforms.fft
+
+! Fast Fourier Transform
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: n^v ( n v -- w ) [ ^ ] with map ;
+
+: omega ( n -- n' )
+    recip -2 pi i* * * exp ;
+
+: twiddle ( seq -- seq )
+    dup length [ omega ] [ n^v ] bi v* ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+DEFER: fft
+
+: two ( seq -- seq )
+    fft 2 v/n dup append ;
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: even ( seq -- seq ) 2 group 0 <column> ;
+: odd ( seq -- seq ) 2 group 1 <column> ;
+
+: (fft) ( seq -- seq )
+    [ odd two twiddle ] [ even two ] bi v+ ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: fft ( seq -- seq )
+    dup length 1 = [ (fft) ] unless ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/fft/summary.txt b/extra/math/transforms/fft/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/math/fft/summary.txt
rename to extra/math/transforms/fft/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/haar/authors.txt b/extra/math/transforms/haar/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf46c0ea5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/haar/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Slava Pestov
+Aaron Schaefer
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-docs.factor b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..218a63a480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax sequences ;
+IN: math.transforms.haar
+
+HELP: haar
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "seq" sequence } }
+{ $description "Haar wavelet transform function." }
+{ $notes "The sequence length should be a power of two." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.transforms.haar prettyprint ;" "{ 7 1 6 6 3 -5 4 2 } haar ." "{ 3 2 -1 -2 3 0 4 1 }" } } ;
+
+HELP: rev-haar
+{ $values { "seq" sequence } { "seq" sequence } }
+{ $description "Reverse Haar wavelet transform function." }
+{ $notes "The sequence length should be a power of two." }
+{ $examples { $example "USING: math.transforms.haar prettyprint ;" "{ 3 2 -1 -2 3 0 4 1 } rev-haar ." "{ 7 1 6 6 3 -5 4 2 }" } } ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-tests.factor b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd2ab90c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+USING: math.transforms.haar tools.test ;
+IN: math.transforms.haar.tests
+
+[ { 3 2 -1 -2 3 0 4 1 } ] [ { 7 1 6 6 3 -5 4 2 } haar ] unit-test
+[ { 7 1 6 6 3 -5 4 2 } ] [ { 3 2 -1 -2 3 0 4 1 } rev-haar ] unit-test
+
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar.factor b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0359b8e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/haar/haar.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Slava Pestov, Aaron Schaefer.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: assocs columns grouping kernel math math.statistics math.vectors
+    sequences ;
+IN: math.transforms.haar
+
+! Haar Wavelet Transform -- http://dmr.ath.cx/gfx/haar/
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: averages ( seq -- seq )
+    [ mean ] map ;
+
+: differences ( seq averages -- differences )
+    [ 0 <column> ] dip v- ;
+
+: haar-step ( seq -- differences averages )
+    2 group dup averages [ differences ] keep ;
+
+: rev-haar-step ( seq -- seq )
+    halves [ v+ ] [ v- ] 2bi zip concat ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: haar ( seq -- seq )
+    dup length 1 <= [ haar-step haar prepend ] unless ;
+
+: rev-haar ( seq -- seq )
+    dup length 2 > [ halves swap rev-haar prepend ] when rev-haar-step ;
+
diff --git a/extra/math/haar/summary.txt b/extra/math/transforms/haar/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/math/haar/summary.txt
rename to extra/math/transforms/haar/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/transforms/summary.txt b/extra/math/transforms/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3d93df124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/math/transforms/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Collection of mathematical transforms
diff --git a/extra/maze/maze.factor b/extra/maze/maze.factor
index 07f7b74265..de345e732e 100644
--- a/extra/maze/maze.factor
+++ b/extra/maze/maze.factor
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ SYMBOL: visited
 : (draw-maze) ( cell -- )
     dup vertex
     glEnd
-    GL_POINTS [ dup vertex ] do-state
+    GL_POINTS glBegin dup vertex glEnd
     GL_LINE_STRIP glBegin
     dup vertex
     dup visit
diff --git a/extra/micros/authors.txt b/extra/micros/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0be42b2faa..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Phil Dawes
diff --git a/extra/micros/backend/backend.factor b/extra/micros/backend/backend.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 905b6aa1ae..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/backend/backend.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros.backend
-USING: io.backend ;
-    
-HOOK: (micros) io-backend ( -- n )
diff --git a/extra/micros/micros-docs.factor b/extra/micros/micros-docs.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 98dcb9944e..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/micros-docs.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros
-USING: help.syntax help.markup kernel prettyprint sequences ;
-
-HELP: micros
-{ $values { "n" "an integer" } } 
-{ $description "Outputs the number of microseconds ellapsed since midnight January 1, 1970"
-} ;
-
-    
-HELP: micro-time
-{ $values { "quot" "a quot" }
-          { "n" "an integer" } }
-{ $description "executes the quotation and pushes the number of microseconds taken onto the stack"
-} ;
diff --git a/extra/micros/micros-tests.factor b/extra/micros/micros-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 991ce04b26..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/micros-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros.tests
-USING: micros tools.test math math.functions system kernel ;
-
-! a bit racy but I can't think of a better way to check this right now
-[ t ]
-[ millis 1000 / micros 1000000 / [ truncate ] bi@ = ] unit-test
-
diff --git a/extra/micros/micros.factor b/extra/micros/micros.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 554c838890..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/micros.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros
-USING: micros.backend system kernel combinators vocabs.loader math ;
-
-: micros ( -- n ) (micros) ; inline
-
-: micro-time ( quot -- n )
-  micros slip micros swap - ; inline
-
-{
-    { [ os unix? ] [ "micros.unix" ] }
-    { [ os windows? ] [ "micros.windows" ] }
-} cond require
-
diff --git a/extra/micros/summary.txt b/extra/micros/summary.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c1bc9d6fce..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/summary.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Microsecond precision clock
diff --git a/extra/micros/unix/unix.factor b/extra/micros/unix/unix.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index c16d3623ac..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/unix/unix.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros.unix
-USING: micros.backend io.backend system alien.c-types kernel unix.time math ;
-
-M: unix (micros)
-  "timespec" <c-object> dup f gettimeofday drop
-  [ timespec-sec 1000000 * ] [ timespec-nsec ] bi + ;
diff --git a/extra/micros/windows/windows.factor b/extra/micros/windows/windows.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index b2beab720d..0000000000
--- a/extra/micros/windows/windows.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-IN: micros.windows
-USING: system kernel windows.time math math.functions micros.backend ;
-
-! 116444736000000000 is the windowstime epoch offset
-! since windowstime starts at 1600 and unix epoch is 1970
-M: windows (micros)
-  windows-time 116444736000000000 - 10 / truncate ;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/money/money-tests.factor b/extra/money/money-tests.factor
index 78c168015f..226b712676 100644
--- a/extra/money/money-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/money/money-tests.factor
@@ -12,10 +12,14 @@ IN: money.tests
 [ 1/10 ] [ DECIMAL: .1 ] unit-test
 [ 1/10 ] [ DECIMAL: 0.1 ] unit-test
 [ 1/10 ] [ DECIMAL: 00.10 ] unit-test
-
-
+[ 23 ] [ DECIMAL: 23 ] unit-test
+[ -23 ] [ DECIMAL: -23 ] unit-test
+[ -23-1/100 ] [ DECIMAL: -23.01 ] unit-test
 
 [ "DECIMAL: ." eval ] must-fail
 [ "DECIMAL: f" eval ] must-fail
 [ "DECIMAL: 0.f" eval ] must-fail
 [ "DECIMAL: f.0" eval ] must-fail
+
+[ "$100.00" ] [ DECIMAL: 100.0 money>string ] unit-test
+[ "$0.00" ] [ DECIMAL: 0.0 money>string ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/money/money.factor b/extra/money/money.factor
index 5fa76d5f53..b7da97ca06 100644
--- a/extra/money/money.factor
+++ b/extra/money/money.factor
@@ -3,28 +3,31 @@ namespaces make sequences splitting grouping combinators
 continuations ;
 IN: money
 
+SYMBOL: currency-token
+CHAR: $ \ currency-token set-global
+
 : dollars/cents ( dollars -- dollars cents )
     100 * 100 /mod round ;
 
+: (money>string) ( dollars cents -- string )
+    [ number>string ] bi@
+    [ <reversed> 3 group "," join <reversed> ]
+    [ 2 CHAR: 0 pad-left ] bi* "." swap 3append ;
+
 : money>string ( object -- string )
-    dollars/cents [
-        "$" %
-        swap number>string
-        <reversed> 3 group "," join <reversed> %
-        "." % number>string 2 CHAR: 0 pad-left %
-    ] "" make ;
+    dollars/cents (money>string) currency-token get prefix ;
 
-: money. ( object -- )
-    money>string print ;
+: money. ( object -- ) money>string print ;
 
-ERROR: not-a-decimal x ;
+ERROR: not-an-integer x ;
 
 : parse-decimal ( str -- ratio )
     "." split1
-    >r dup "-" head? [ drop t "0" ] [ f swap ] if r>
+    [ "-" ?head swap ] dip
     [ [ "0" ] when-empty ] bi@
-    dup length
-    >r [ dup string>number [ nip ] [ not-a-decimal ] if* ] bi@ r>
+    [
+        [ dup string>number [ nip ] [ not-an-integer ] if* ] bi@
+    ] keep length
     10 swap ^ / + swap [ neg ] when ;
 
 : DECIMAL:
diff --git a/extra/multi-method-syntax/multi-method-syntax.factor b/extra/multi-method-syntax/multi-method-syntax.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f05525f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/multi-method-syntax/multi-method-syntax.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+USING: accessors effects.parser kernel lexer multi-methods
+       parser sequences words ;
+
+IN: multi-method-syntax
+
+! A nicer specializer syntax to hold us over till multi-methods go in
+! officially.
+!
+! Use both 'multi-methods' and 'multi-method-syntax' in that order.
+
+: scan-specializer ( -- specializer )
+
+  scan drop ! eat opening parenthesis
+
+  ")" parse-effect in>> [ search ] map ;
+
+: CREATE-METHOD ( -- method )
+  scan-word scan-specializer swap create-method-in ;
+
+: (METHOD:) ( -- method def ) CREATE-METHOD parse-definition ;
+
+: METHOD: (METHOD:) define ; parsing
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/opengl/shaders/authors.txt b/extra/opengl/shaders/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a0dc7293a..0000000000
--- a/extra/opengl/shaders/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Joe Groff
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/opengl/shaders/tags.txt b/extra/opengl/shaders/tags.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index ce0345edc9..0000000000
--- a/extra/opengl/shaders/tags.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-opengl
-glsl
-bindings
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/pack/pack.factor b/extra/pack/pack.factor
index 889eecb49a..0e5cb7dbbc 100755
--- a/extra/pack/pack.factor
+++ b/extra/pack/pack.factor
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ M: string b, ( n string -- ) heap-size b, ;
 
 : (read-128-ber) ( n -- n )
     read1
-    [ >r 7 shift r> 7 clear-bit bitor ] keep
+    [ [ 7 shift ] [ 7 clear-bit ] bi* bitor ] keep
     7 bit? [ (read-128-ber) ] when ;
     
 : read-128-ber ( -- n )
diff --git a/extra/partial-continuations/partial-continuations-docs.factor b/extra/partial-continuations/partial-continuations-docs.factor
index 93e68eac4a..a70109347b 100644
--- a/extra/partial-continuations/partial-continuations-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/partial-continuations/partial-continuations-docs.factor
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ IN: partial-continuations
 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel ;
 
 HELP: breset
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( r -- v )" } } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( r -- v )" } } }
 { $description "Marks the boundary of the partial continuation. The quotation has stack effect " { $snippet "( r -- v )" } ", where " { $snippet "r" } " identifies the " { $link breset } " in scope and should be passed to  "{ $link bshift } " to mark the boundary of the continuation." }
 { $notes "It is important to note that even if the quotation discards items on the stack, the stack will be restored to the way it was before it is called (which is true of continuation usage in general)." } ;
 
 HELP: bshift
-{ $values { "r" "the " { $link breset } " in scope" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect " { $snippet "( pcc -- v )" } } }
+{ $values { "r" "the " { $link breset } " in scope" } { "quot" { $quotation "( pcc -- v )" } } }
 { $description "Calls the quotation with the partial continuation  on the stack. The quotation should have stack effect " { $snippet "( pcc -- v )" } ". The partial continuation can be called with " { $link call } " and has stack effect " { $snippet "( a -- b )" } "." }
 { $notes "It is important to note that even if the quotation discards items on the stack, the stack will be restored to the way it was before it is called (which is true of continuation usage in general)." } ;
 
diff --git a/extra/peg/javascript/ast/tags.txt b/extra/peg/javascript/ast/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c2aac2932f..a38bf33c3c
--- a/extra/peg/javascript/ast/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/peg/javascript/ast/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 text
 javascript
 parsing
+languages
diff --git a/extra/peg/javascript/parser/tags.txt b/extra/peg/javascript/parser/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c2aac2932f..a38bf33c3c
--- a/extra/peg/javascript/parser/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/peg/javascript/parser/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 text
 javascript
 parsing
+languages
diff --git a/extra/peg/javascript/tags.txt b/extra/peg/javascript/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c2aac2932f..a38bf33c3c
--- a/extra/peg/javascript/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/peg/javascript/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 text
 javascript
 parsing
+languages
diff --git a/extra/peg/javascript/tokenizer/tags.txt b/extra/peg/javascript/tokenizer/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index c2aac2932f..a38bf33c3c
--- a/extra/peg/javascript/tokenizer/tags.txt
+++ b/extra/peg/javascript/tokenizer/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 text
 javascript
 parsing
+languages
diff --git a/extra/pong/pong.factor b/extra/pong/pong.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..befb64a7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/pong/pong.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+USING: kernel accessors locals math math.intervals math.order
+       namespaces sequences threads
+       ui
+       ui.gadgets
+       ui.gestures
+       ui.render
+       calendar
+       multi-methods
+       multi-method-syntax
+       combinators.short-circuit.smart
+       combinators.cleave.enhanced
+       processing.shapes
+       flatland ;
+
+IN: pong
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: clamp-to-interval ( x interval -- x )
+  [ from>> first max ] [ to>> first min ] bi ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+TUPLE: <play-field> < <rectangle>    ;
+TUPLE: <paddle>     < <rectangle>    ;
+
+TUPLE: <computer>   < <paddle> { speed initial: 10 } ;
+
+: computer-move-left  ( computer -- ) dup speed>> move-left-by  ;
+: computer-move-right ( computer -- ) dup speed>> move-right-by ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+TUPLE: <ball> < <vel>
+  { diameter   initial: 20   }
+  { bounciness initial:  1.2 }
+  { max-speed  initial: 10   } ;
+
+: above-lower-bound? ( ball field -- ? ) bottom 50 - above? ;
+: below-upper-bound? ( ball field -- ? ) top    50 + below? ;
+
+: in-bounds? ( ball field -- ? )
+  {
+    [ above-lower-bound? ]
+    [ below-upper-bound? ]
+  } && ;
+
+:: bounce-change-vertical-velocity ( BALL -- )
+
+  BALL vel>> y neg
+  BALL bounciness>> *
+
+  BALL max-speed>> min
+
+  BALL vel>> (y!) ;
+
+:: bounce-off-paddle ( BALL PADDLE -- )
+
+   BALL bounce-change-vertical-velocity
+
+   BALL x   PADDLE center x   -   0.25 *   BALL vel>> (x!)
+
+   PADDLE top   BALL pos>> (y!) ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: mouse-x ( -- x ) hand-loc get first ;
+
+:: valid-paddle-interval ( PADDLE PLAY-FIELD -- interval )
+    
+   PLAY-FIELD [ left ] [ right ] bi PADDLE width - [a,b] ;
+
+:: align-paddle-with-mouse ( PADDLE PLAY-FIELD -- )
+
+   mouse-x
+
+   PADDLE PLAY-FIELD valid-paddle-interval
+
+   clamp-to-interval
+
+   PADDLE pos>> (x!) ;
+   
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+! Protocol for drawing PONG objects
+
+GENERIC: draw ( obj -- )
+
+METHOD: draw ( <paddle> -- ) [ bottom-left ] [ dim>>          ] bi rectangle ;
+METHOD: draw ( <ball>   -- ) [ pos>>       ] [ diameter>> 2 / ] bi circle    ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+USE: syntax ! Switch back to core 'TUPLE:' instead of the one provided
+            ! by multi-methods
+
+TUPLE: <pong> < gadget draw closed ;
+
+M: <pong> pref-dim*    ( <pong> -- dim ) drop { 400 400 } ;
+M: <pong> draw-gadget* ( <pong> --     ) draw>> call      ;
+M: <pong> ungraft*     ( <pong> --     ) t >>closed drop  ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: make-draw-closure ( -- closure )
+
+  ! Establish some bindings
+
+  [let | PLAY-FIELD [ T{ <play-field> { pos {  0  0 } } { dim { 400 400 } } } ]
+         BALL       [ T{ <ball>       { pos { 50 50 } } { vel {   3   4 } } } ]
+
+         PLAYER   [ T{ <paddle>   { pos { 200 396 } } { dim { 75 4 } } } ]
+         COMPUTER [ T{ <computer> { pos { 200   0 } } { dim { 75 4 } } } ] |
+
+    ! Define some internal words in terms of those bindings ...
+
+    [wlet | align-player-with-mouse [ ( -- )
+              PLAYER PLAY-FIELD align-paddle-with-mouse ]
+
+            move-ball [ ( -- ) BALL 1 move-for ]
+
+            player-blocked-ball? [ ( -- ? )
+              BALL PLAYER { [ above? ] [ in-between-horizontally? ] } && ]
+
+            computer-blocked-ball? [ ( -- ? )
+              BALL COMPUTER { [ below? ] [ in-between-horizontally? ] } && ]
+
+            bounce-off-wall? [ ( -- ? )
+              BALL PLAY-FIELD in-between-horizontally? not ] |
+
+      ! Note, we're returning a quotation.
+      ! The quotation closes over the bindings established by the 'let'.
+      ! Thus the name of the word 'make-draw-closure'.
+      ! This closure is intended to be placed in the 'draw' slot of a
+      ! <pong> gadget.
+      
+      [
+
+        BALL PLAY-FIELD in-bounds?
+          [
+            align-player-with-mouse
+              
+            move-ball
+  
+            ! computer reaction
+  
+            BALL COMPUTER to-the-left-of?  [ COMPUTER computer-move-left  ] when
+            BALL COMPUTER to-the-right-of? [ COMPUTER computer-move-right ] when
+
+            ! check if ball bounced off something
+              
+            player-blocked-ball?   [ BALL PLAYER   bounce-off-paddle  ] when
+            computer-blocked-ball? [ BALL COMPUTER bounce-off-paddle  ] when
+            bounce-off-wall?       [ BALL reverse-horizontal-velocity ] when
+
+            ! draw the objects
+              
+            COMPUTER draw
+            PLAYER   draw
+            BALL     draw
+  
+          ]
+        when
+
+      ] ] ] ( -- closure ) ; ! The trailing stack effect here is a workaround.
+                             ! The stack effects in the wlet expression throw
+                             ! off the effect for the whole word, so we reset
+                             ! it to the correct one here.
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+:: pong-loop-step ( PONG -- ? )
+  PONG closed>>
+    [ f ]
+    [ PONG relayout-1 25 milliseconds sleep t ]
+  if ;
+
+:: start-pong-thread ( PONG -- ) [ [ PONG pong-loop-step ] loop ] in-thread ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: play-pong ( -- )
+
+  <pong> new-gadget
+    make-draw-closure >>draw
+  dup "PONG" open-window
+    
+  start-pong-thread ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: play-pong-main ( -- ) [ play-pong ] with-ui ;
+
+MAIN: play-pong-main
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/processing/shapes/shapes.factor b/extra/processing/shapes/shapes.factor
index f577010544..51979dc96a 100644
--- a/extra/processing/shapes/shapes.factor
+++ b/extra/processing/shapes/shapes.factor
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ IN: processing.shapes
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
+: do-state ( mode quot -- ) swap glBegin call glEnd ; inline
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
 VAR: fill-color
 VAR: stroke-color
 
@@ -19,13 +23,13 @@ T{ rgba f 1 1 1 1 } fill-color   set-global
 
 : fill-mode ( -- )
   GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_FILL glPolygonMode
-  fill-color> set-color ;
+  fill-color> gl-color ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 : stroke-mode ( -- )
   GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_LINE glPolygonMode
-  stroke-color> set-color ;
+  stroke-color> gl-color ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
@@ -105,8 +109,8 @@ T{ rgba f 1 1 1 1 } fill-color   set-global
 
 : ellipse ( center dim -- )
   GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_FILL glPolygonMode
-  [ stroke-color> set-color                                 gl-ellipse ]
-  [ fill-color> set-color gl-get-line-width 2 * dup 2array v- gl-ellipse ] 2bi ;
+  [ stroke-color> gl-color                                 gl-ellipse ]
+  [ fill-color> gl-color gl-get-line-width 2 * dup 2array v- gl-ellipse ] 2bi ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/001/001.factor b/extra/project-euler/001/001.factor
index 344b0f1209..1e49be9a60 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/001/001.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/001/001.factor
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 
 : euler001b ( -- answer )
-    1000 [ dup 5 mod swap 3 mod [ zero? ] either? ] filter sum ;
+    1000 [ [ 5 mod ] [ 3 mod ] bi [ 0 = ] either? ] filter sum ;
 
 ! [ euler001b ] 100 ave-time
 ! 0 ms run / 0 ms GC ave time - 100 trials
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/004/004.factor b/extra/project-euler/004/004.factor
index eb5f97b2de..e1918f5fa6 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/004/004.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/004/004.factor
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ IN: project-euler.004
 <PRIVATE
 
 : source-004 ( -- seq )
-    100 999 [a,b] [ 10 mod zero? not ] filter ;
+    100 999 [a,b] [ 10 mod 0 = not ] filter ;
 
 : max-palindrome ( seq -- palindrome )
     natural-sort [ palindrome? ] find-last nip ;
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/014/014.factor b/extra/project-euler/014/014.factor
index 3b812cf242..aa04784151 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/014/014.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/014/014.factor
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 <PRIVATE
 
 : worth-calculating? ( n -- ? )
-    1- 3 { [ mod zero? ] [ / even? ] } 2&& ;
+    1- 3 { [ mod 0 = ] [ / even? ] } 2&& ;
 
 PRIVATE>
 
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/019/019.factor b/extra/project-euler/019/019.factor
index 62e2e066ff..16a7139f51 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/019/019.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/019/019.factor
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ IN: project-euler.019
 : euler019 ( -- answer )
     1901 2000 [a,b] [
         12 [1,b] [ 1 zeller-congruence ] with map
-    ] map concat [ zero? ] count ;
+    ] map concat [ 0 = ] count ;
 
 ! [ euler019 ] 100 ave-time
 ! 1 ms ave run time - 0.51 SD (100 trials)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ IN: project-euler.019
 PRIVATE>
 
 : euler019a ( -- answer )
-    end-date start-date first-days [ zero? ] count ;
+    end-date start-date first-days [ 0 = ] count ;
 
 ! [ euler019a ] 100 ave-time
 ! 17 ms ave run time - 2.13 SD (100 trials)
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/043/043.factor b/extra/project-euler/043/043.factor
index 37118b88a3..3b330dbe4b 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/043/043.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/043/043.factor
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     ] reduce-permutations ;
 
 ! [ euler043 ] time
-! 104526 ms run / 42735 ms GC time
+! 60280 ms run / 59 ms GC time
 
 
 ! ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/047/047.factor b/extra/project-euler/047/047.factor
index 84041babb7..9caaa8776f 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/047/047.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/047/047.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ IN: project-euler.047
 <PRIVATE
 
 : (consecutive) ( count goal test -- n )
-    pick pick = [
+    2over = [
         swap - nip
     ] [
         dup prime? [ [ drop 0 ] 2dip ] [
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ SYMBOL: sieve
     0 <repetition> >array sieve set ;
 
 : is-prime? ( index -- ? )
-    sieve get nth zero? ;
+    sieve get nth 0 = ;
 
 : multiples ( n -- seq )
     sieve get length 1- over <range> ;
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/052/052.factor b/extra/project-euler/052/052.factor
index 5362a6e9b0..c382d992f6 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/052/052.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/052/052.factor
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ IN: project-euler.052
     [ number>digits natural-sort ] map all-equal? ;
 
 : candidate? ( n -- ? )
-    { [ odd? ] [ 3 mod zero? ] } 1&& ;
+    { [ odd? ] [ 3 mod 0 = ] } 1&& ;
 
 : next-all-same ( x n -- n )
     dup candidate? [
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/071/071-tests.factor b/extra/project-euler/071/071-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba61d7640b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/071/071-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: project-euler.071 tools.test ;
+IN: project-euler.071.tests
+
+[ 428570 ] [ euler071 ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/071/071.factor b/extra/project-euler/071/071.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..feecd997fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/071/071.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Aaron Schaefer.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel math project-euler.common sequences ;
+IN: project-euler.071
+
+! http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=71
+
+! DESCRIPTION
+! -----------
+
+! Consider the fraction, n/d, where n and d are positive integers. If n<d and
+! HCF(n,d) = 1, it is called a reduced proper fraction.
+
+! If we list the set of reduced proper fractions for d <= 8 in ascending order of
+! size, we get:
+
+!     1/8, 1/7, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3, 3/8, 2/5, 3/7, 1/2, 4/7, 3/5, 5/8,
+!     2/3, 5/7, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8
+
+! It can be seen that 2/5 is the fraction immediately to the left of 3/7.
+
+! By listing the set of reduced proper fractions for d <= 1,000,000 in
+! ascending order of size, find the numerator of the fraction immediately to the
+! left of 3/7.
+
+
+! SOLUTION
+! --------
+
+! Use the properties of a Farey sequence by setting an upper bound of 3/7 and
+! then taking the mediant of that fraction and the one to its immediate left
+! repeatedly until the denominator is as close to 1000000 as possible without
+! going over.
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: penultimate ( seq -- elt )
+    dup length 2 - swap nth ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: euler071 ( -- answer )
+    2/5 [ dup denominator 1000000 <= ] [ 3/7 mediant dup ] [ ] produce
+    nip penultimate numerator ;
+
+! [ euler071 ] 100 ave-time
+! 155 ms ave run time - 6.95 SD (100 trials)
+
+MAIN: euler071
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/073/073-tests.factor b/extra/project-euler/073/073-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6389150c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/073/073-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: project-euler.073 tools.test ;
+IN: project-euler.073.tests
+
+[ 5066251 ] [ euler073 ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/073/073.factor b/extra/project-euler/073/073.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68dcd01e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/073/073.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Aaron Schaefer.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel locals make math project-euler.common sequences ;
+IN: project-euler.073
+
+! http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=73
+
+! DESCRIPTION
+! -----------
+
+! Consider the fraction, n/d, where n and d are positive integers. If n<d and
+! HCF(n,d) = 1, it is called a reduced proper fraction.
+
+! If we list the set of reduced proper fractions for d <= 8 in ascending order of
+! size, we get:
+
+!     1/8, 1/7, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3, 3/8, 2/5, 3/7, 1/2, 4/7, 3/5, 5/8,
+!     2/3, 5/7, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8
+
+! It can be seen that there are 3 fractions between 1/3 and 1/2.
+
+! How many fractions lie between 1/3 and 1/2 in the sorted set of reduced
+! proper fractions for d <= 10,000?
+
+
+! SOLUTION
+! --------
+
+! Use the properties of a Farey sequence and mediants to recursively generate
+! the next fraction until the denominator is as close to 1000000 as possible
+! without going over.
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+:: (euler073) ( limit lo hi -- )
+    [let | m [ lo hi mediant ] |
+        m denominator limit <= [
+            m ,
+            limit lo m (euler073)
+            limit m hi (euler073)
+        ] when
+    ] ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: euler073 ( -- answer )
+    [ 10000 1/3 1/2 (euler073) ] { } make length ;
+
+! [ euler073 ] 10 ave-time
+! 20506 ms ave run time - 937.07 SD (10 trials)
+
+MAIN: euler073
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/099/099-tests.factor b/extra/project-euler/099/099-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3d46d98b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/099/099-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+USING: project-euler.099 project-euler.099.private tools.test ;
+IN: project-euler.099.tests
+
+[ 2 ] [ { { 2 11 } { 3 7 } } solve ] unit-test
+[ 709 ] [ euler099 ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/099/099.factor b/extra/project-euler/099/099.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebc830cf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/099/099.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Aaron Schaefer.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: io.encodings.ascii io.files kernel math math.functions math.parser
+    math.vectors sequences splitting ;
+IN: project-euler.099
+
+! http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=99
+
+! DESCRIPTION
+! -----------
+
+! Comparing two numbers written in index form like 2^11 and 3^7 is not difficult,
+! as any calculator would confirm that 2^11 = 2048 < 3^7 = 2187.
+
+! However, confirming that 632382^518061 519432^525806 would be much more
+! difficult, as both numbers contain over three million digits.
+
+! Using base_exp.txt (right click and 'Save Link/Target As...'), a 22K text
+! file containing one thousand lines with a base/exponent pair on each line,
+! determine which line number has the greatest numerical value.
+
+! NOTE: The first two lines in the file represent the numbers in the example
+! given above.
+
+
+! SOLUTION
+! --------
+
+! Use logarithms to make the calculations necessary more manageable.
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: source-099 ( -- seq )
+    "resource:extra/project-euler/099/base_exp.txt"
+    ascii file-lines [ "," split [ string>number ] map ] map ;
+
+: simplify ( seq -- seq )
+    #! exponent * log(base)
+    flip first2 swap [ log ] map v* ;
+
+: solve ( seq -- index )
+    simplify [ supremum ] keep index 1+ ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: euler099 ( -- answer )
+     source-099 solve ;
+
+! [ euler099 ] 100 ave-time
+! 16 ms ave run timen - 1.67 SD (100 trials)
+
+MAIN: euler099
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/099/base_exp.txt b/extra/project-euler/099/base_exp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92201db6f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/099/base_exp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
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+698061,514257
+69149,620952
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+798176,509187
+667688,515963
+636120,517833
+137410,584913
+217615,563034
+556887,523038
+667229,515991
+672276,515708
+325361,545187
+172115,573985
+13846,725685
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/203/203-tests.factor b/extra/project-euler/203/203-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4922f9a8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/203/203-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+USING: project-euler.203 project-euler.203.private tools.test ;
+IN: project-euler.203.tests
+
+[ 105 ] [ 8 solve ] unit-test
+[ 34029210557338 ] [ euler203 ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/203/203.factor b/extra/project-euler/203/203.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2b5a2e212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/project-euler/203/203.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Eric Mertens.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: fry kernel math math.primes.factors sequences sets ;
+IN: project-euler.203
+
+! http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=203
+
+! DESCRIPTION
+! -----------
+
+! The binomial coefficients nCk can be arranged in triangular form, Pascal's
+! triangle, like this:
+
+!                   1
+!                 1   1
+!               1   2   1
+!             1   3   3   1
+!           1   4   6   4   1
+!         1   5  10  10   5   1
+!       1   6  15  20  15   6   1
+!     1   7  21  35  35  21   7   1
+!               .........
+
+! It can be seen that the first eight rows of Pascal's triangle contain twelve
+! distinct numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15, 20, 21 and 35.
+
+! A positive integer n is called squarefree if no square of a prime divides n.
+! Of the twelve distinct numbers in the first eight rows of Pascal's triangle,
+! all except 4 and 20 are squarefree. The sum of the distinct squarefree numbers
+! in the first eight rows is 105.
+
+! Find the sum of the distinct squarefree numbers in the first 51 rows of
+! Pascal's triangle.
+
+
+! SOLUTION
+! --------
+
+<PRIVATE
+
+: iterate ( n initial quot -- results )
+    swapd '[ @ dup ] replicate nip ; inline
+
+: (generate) ( seq -- seq )
+    [ 0 prefix ] [ 0 suffix ] bi [ + ] 2map ;
+
+: generate ( n -- seq )
+    1- { 1 } [ (generate) ] iterate concat prune ;
+
+: squarefree ( n -- ? )
+    factors all-unique? ;
+
+: solve ( n -- n )
+    generate [ squarefree ] filter sum ;
+
+PRIVATE>
+
+: euler203 ( -- n )
+    51 solve ;
+
+! [ euler203 ] 100 ave-time
+! 12 ms ave run time - 1.6 SD (100 trials)
+
+MAIN: euler203
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/215/215-tests.factor b/extra/project-euler/215/215-tests.factor
index ddd87cc2ff..9d265b70d2 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/215/215-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/215/215-tests.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-USING: project-euler.215 tools.test ;
+USING: project-euler.215 project-euler.215.private tools.test ;
 IN: project-euler.215.tests
 
 [ 8 ] [ 9 3 solve ] unit-test
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/215/215.factor b/extra/project-euler/215/215.factor
index 056de72e50..82d6a31c66 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/215/215.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/215/215.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,33 @@
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Eric Mertens.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors kernel locals math ;
 IN: project-euler.215
 
+! http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=215
+
+! DESCRIPTION
+! -----------
+
+! Consider the problem of building a wall out of 2x1 and 3x1 bricks
+! (horizontal x vertical dimensions) such that, for extra strength, the gaps
+! between horizontally-adjacent bricks never line up in consecutive layers,
+! i.e. never form a "running crack".
+
+! For example, the following 93 wall is not acceptable due to the running crack
+! shown in red:
+
+!     See problem site for image...
+
+! There are eight ways of forming a crack-free 9x3 wall, written W(9,3) = 8.
+
+! Calculate W(32,10).
+
+
+! SOLUTION
+! --------
+
+<PRIVATE
+
 TUPLE: block two three ;
 TUPLE: end { ways integer } ;
 
@@ -11,7 +38,8 @@ C: <end> end
 
 : failure? ( t -- ? ) ways>> 0 = ; inline
 
-: choice ( t p q -- t t ) [ [ two>> ] [ three>> ] bi ] 2dip bi* ; inline
+: choice ( t p q -- t t )
+    [ [ two>> ] [ three>> ] bi ] 2dip bi* ; inline
 
 GENERIC: merge ( t t -- t )
 GENERIC# block-merge 1 ( t t -- t )
@@ -43,14 +71,22 @@ M: end h2 dup failure? [ <failure> <block> ] unless ;
 : next-row ( t -- t ) [ h-1 ] [ h1 ] choice swap <block> ;
 
 : first-row ( n -- t )
-  [ <failure> <success> <failure> ] dip
-  1- [| a b c | b c <block> a b ] times 2drop ;
+    [ <failure> <success> <failure> ] dip
+    1- [| a b c | b c <block> a b ] times 2drop ;
 
 GENERIC: total ( t -- n )
 M: block total [ total ] dup choice + ;
 M: end   total ways>> ;
 
 : solve ( width height -- ways )
-  [ first-row ] dip 1- [ next-row ] times total ;
+    [ first-row ] dip 1- [ next-row ] times total ;
 
-: euler215 ( -- ways ) 32 10 solve ;
+PRIVATE>
+
+: euler215 ( -- answer )
+    32 10 solve ;
+
+! [ euler215 ] 100 ave-time
+! 208 ms ave run time - 9.06 SD (100 trials)
+
+MAIN: euler215
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/common/common.factor b/extra/project-euler/common/common.factor
index d3263bbc1e..35d9c65b53 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/common/common.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/common/common.factor
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Aaron Schaefer.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: arrays kernel make math math.functions math.matrices math.miller-rabin
-    math.order math.parser math.primes.factors math.ranges sequences
-    sequences.lib sorting strings unicode.case ;
+    math.order math.parser math.primes.factors math.ranges math.ratios
+    sequences sequences.lib sorting strings unicode.case ;
 IN: project-euler.common
 
 ! A collection of words used by more than one Project Euler solution
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ IN: project-euler.common
 ! cartesian-product - #4, #27, #29, #32, #33, #43, #44, #56
 ! log10 - #25, #134
 ! max-path - #18, #67
+! mediant - #71, #73
 ! nth-triangle - #12, #42
 ! number>digits - #16, #20, #30, #34, #35, #38, #43, #52, #55, #56, #92
 ! palindrome? - #4, #36, #55
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ IN: project-euler.common
 
 : (sum-divisors) ( n -- sum )
     dup sqrt >fixnum [1,b] [
-        [ 2dup mod zero? [ 2dup / + , ] [ drop ] if ] each
+        [ 2dup mod 0 = [ 2dup / + , ] [ drop ] if ] each
         dup perfect-square? [ sqrt >fixnum neg , ] [ drop ] if
     ] { } make sum ;
 
@@ -60,6 +61,9 @@ PRIVATE>
 : log10 ( m -- n )
     log 10 log / ;
 
+: mediant ( a/c b/d -- (a+b)/(c+d) )
+    2>fraction [ + ] 2bi@ / ;
+
 : max-path ( triangle -- n )
     dup length 1 > [
         2 cut* first2 max-children [ + ] 2map suffix max-path
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     ] if ;
 
 : number>digits ( n -- seq )
-    [ dup zero? not ] [ 10 /mod ] [ ] produce reverse nip ;
+    [ dup 0 = not ] [ 10 /mod ] [ ] produce reverse nip ;
 
 : nth-triangle ( n -- n )
     dup 1+ * 2 / ;
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ PRIVATE>
     factor-2s dup [ 1+ ]
     [ perfect-square? -1 0 ? ]
     [ dup sqrt >fixnum [1,b] ] tri* [
-        dupd mod zero? [ [ 2 + ] dip ] when
+        dupd mod 0 = [ [ 2 + ] dip ] when
     ] each drop * ;
 
 ! These transforms are for generating primitive Pythagorean triples
diff --git a/extra/project-euler/project-euler.factor b/extra/project-euler/project-euler.factor
index d85e7e206d..027e8fe50f 100644
--- a/extra/project-euler/project-euler.factor
+++ b/extra/project-euler/project-euler.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 Aaron Schaefer, Samuel Tardieu.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: definitions io io.files kernel math math.parser project-euler.ave-time
-    sequences vocabs vocabs.loader prettyprint
+USING: definitions io io.files kernel math math.parser
+    prettyprint project-euler.ave-time sequences vocabs vocabs.loader
     project-euler.001 project-euler.002 project-euler.003 project-euler.004
     project-euler.005 project-euler.006 project-euler.007 project-euler.008
     project-euler.009 project-euler.010 project-euler.011 project-euler.012
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@ USING: definitions io io.files kernel math math.parser project-euler.ave-time
     project-euler.041 project-euler.042 project-euler.043 project-euler.044
     project-euler.045 project-euler.046 project-euler.047 project-euler.048
     project-euler.052 project-euler.053 project-euler.055 project-euler.056
-    project-euler.059 project-euler.067 project-euler.075 project-euler.076
-    project-euler.079 project-euler.092 project-euler.097 project-euler.100
-    project-euler.116 project-euler.117 project-euler.134 project-euler.148
-    project-euler.150 project-euler.151 project-euler.164 project-euler.169
-    project-euler.173 project-euler.175 project-euler.186 project-euler.190 ;
+    project-euler.059 project-euler.067 project-euler.071 project-euler.073
+    project-euler.075 project-euler.076 project-euler.079 project-euler.092
+    project-euler.097 project-euler.099 project-euler.100 project-euler.116
+    project-euler.117 project-euler.134 project-euler.148 project-euler.150
+    project-euler.151 project-euler.164 project-euler.169 project-euler.173
+    project-euler.175 project-euler.186 project-euler.190 project-euler.203
+    project-euler.215 ;
 IN: project-euler
 
 <PRIVATE
diff --git a/extra/promises/promises-docs.factor b/extra/promises/promises-docs.factor
index c482df0d15..4e8dc9a9a2 100755
--- a/extra/promises/promises-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/promises/promises-docs.factor
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ USING: help.markup help.syntax ;
 IN: promises
 
 HELP: promise 
-{ $values { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( -- X )" } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
+{ $values { "quot" { $quotation "( -- X )" } } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
 { $description "Creates a promise to return a value. When forced this quotation is called and the value returned. The value is memorised so that calling " { $link force } " again does not call the quotation again, instead the previous value is returned directly." } 
 { $see-also force promise-with promise-with2 } ;
 
 HELP: promise-with
-{ $values { "value" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( value -- X )" } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
+{ $values { "value" "an object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( value -- X )" } } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
 { $description "Creates a promise to return a value. When forced this quotation is called with the given value on the stack and the result returned. The value is memorised so that calling " { $link force } " again does not call the quotation again, instead the previous value is returned directly." } 
 { $see-also force promise promise-with2 } ;
 
 HELP: promise-with2
-{ $values { "value1" "an object" } { "value2" "an object" } { "quot" "a quotation with stack effect ( value1 value2 -- X )" } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
+{ $values { "value1" "an object" } { "value2" "an object" } { "quot" { $quotation "( value1 value2 -- X )" } } { "promise" "a promise object" } }
 { $description "Creates a promise to return a value. When forced this quotation is called with the given values on the stack and the result returned. The value is memorised so that calling " { $link force } " again does not call the quotation again, instead the previous value is returned directly." } 
 { $see-also force promise promise-with2 } ;
 
diff --git a/extra/roman/roman-docs.factor b/extra/roman/roman-docs.factor
index 87551635f1..4a8197f064 100644
--- a/extra/roman/roman-docs.factor
+++ b/extra/roman/roman-docs.factor
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: help.markup help.syntax kernel math ;
 IN: roman
 
@@ -5,44 +7,114 @@ HELP: >roman
 { $values { "n" "an integer" } { "str" "a string" } }
 { $description "Converts a number to its lower-case Roman Numeral equivalent." }
 { $notes "The range for this word is 1-3999, inclusive." }
-{ $see-also >ROMAN roman> } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+               "56 >roman print"
+               "lvi"
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: >ROMAN
 { $values { "n" "an integer" } { "str" "a string" } }
 { $description "Converts a number to its upper-case Roman numeral equivalent." }
 { $notes "The range for this word is 1-3999, inclusive." }
-{ $see-also >roman roman> } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+               "56 >ROMAN print"
+               "LVI"
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: roman>
 { $values { "str" "a string" } { "n" "an integer" } }
 { $description "Converts a Roman numeral to an integer." }
 { $notes "The range for this word is i-mmmcmxcix, inclusive." }
-{ $see-also >roman } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: prettyprint roman ;"
+               "\"lvi\" roman> ."
+               "56"
+    }
+} ;
+
+{ >roman >ROMAN roman> } related-words
 
 HELP: roman+
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str3" "a string" } }
 { $description "Adds two Roman numerals." }
-{ $see-also roman- } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+               "\"v\" \"v\" roman+ print"
+               "x"
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: roman-
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str3" "a string" } }
 { $description "Subtracts two Roman numerals." }
-{ $see-also roman+ } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+               "\"x\" \"v\" roman- print"
+               "v"
+    }
+} ;
+
+{ roman+ roman- } related-words
 
 HELP: roman*
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str3" "a string" } }
 { $description "Multiplies two Roman numerals." }
-{ $see-also roman/i roman/mod } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+        "\"ii\" \"iii\" roman* print"
+        "vi"
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: roman/i
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str3" "a string" } }
 { $description "Computes the integer division of two Roman numerals." }
-{ $see-also roman* roman/mod /i } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: io roman ;"
+        "\"v\" \"iv\" roman/i print"
+        "i"
+    }
+} ;
 
 HELP: roman/mod
 { $values { "str1" "a string" } { "str2" "a string" } { "str3" "a string" } { "str4" "a string" } }
 { $description "Computes the quotient and remainder of two Roman numerals." }
-{ $see-also roman* roman/i /mod } ;
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: kernel io roman ;"
+        "\"v\" \"iv\" roman/mod [ print ] bi@"
+        "i\ni"
+    }
+} ;
+
+{ roman* roman/i roman/mod } related-words
 
 HELP: ROMAN:
-{ $description "A parsing word that reads the next token and converts it to an integer." } ;
+{ $description "A parsing word that reads the next token and converts it to an integer." }
+{ $examples 
+    { $example "USING: prettyprint roman ;"
+               "ROMAN: v ."
+               "5"
+    }
+} ;
+
+ARTICLE: "roman" "Roman numerals"
+"The " { $vocab-link "roman" } " vocabulary can convert numbers to and from the Roman numeral system and can perform arithmetic given Roman numerals as input." $nl
+"A parsing word for literal Roman numerals:"
+{ $subsection POSTPONE: ROMAN: }
+"Converting to Roman numerals:"
+{ $subsection >roman }
+{ $subsection >ROMAN }
+"Converting Roman numerals to integers:"
+{ $subsection roman> }
+"Roman numeral arithmetic:"
+{ $subsection roman+ }
+{ $subsection roman- }
+{ $subsection roman* }
+{ $subsection roman/i }
+{ $subsection roman/mod } ;
+
+ABOUT: "roman"
diff --git a/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor b/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
index 6fe3de4f03..0674b8d9d2 100755
--- a/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
+++ b/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ USING: combinators.lib kernel sequences math namespaces make
 assocs random sequences.private shuffle math.functions arrays
 math.parser math.private sorting strings ascii macros assocs.lib
 quotations hashtables math.order locals generalizations
-math.ranges random  ;
+math.ranges random fry ;
 IN: sequences.lib
 
 : each-withn ( seq quot n -- ) nwith each ; inline
@@ -90,12 +90,8 @@ ERROR: element-not-found ;
     dupd find over [ element-not-found ] unless
     >r cut rest r> swap ; inline
 
-: (map-until) ( quot pred -- quot )
-    [ dup ] swap 3compose
-    [ [ drop t ] [ , f ] if ] compose [ find 2drop ] curry ;
-
 : map-until ( seq quot pred -- newseq )
-    (map-until) { } make ;
+    '[ [ @ dup @ [ drop t ] [ , f ] if ] find 2drop ] { } make ;
 
 : take-while ( seq quot -- newseq )
     [ not ] compose
@@ -152,3 +148,6 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : enumerate ( seq -- seq' ) <enum> >alist ;
 
+: splice ( left-seq right-seq seq -- newseq ) swap 3append ;
+
+: surround ( seq left-seq right-seq -- newseq ) swapd 3append ;
diff --git a/extra/slides/slides.factor b/extra/slides/slides.factor
index 2940bcbfcb..dc8bdd4576 100755
--- a/extra/slides/slides.factor
+++ b/extra/slides/slides.factor
@@ -48,19 +48,17 @@ IN: slides
 : $divider ( -- )
     [
         <gadget>
-        T{ gradient f
-           {
-             T{ rgba f 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.0 }
-             T{ rgba f 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 }
-           }
-         } >>interior
+        {
+            T{ rgba f 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.0 }
+            T{ rgba f 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 }
+        } <gradient> >>interior
         { 800 10 } >>dim
         { 1 0 } >>orientation
         gadget.
     ] ($block) ;
 
 : page-theme ( gadget -- )
-    T{ gradient f { T{ rgba f 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 } T{ rgba f 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 } } }
+    { T{ rgba f 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 } T{ rgba f 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 } } <gradient>
     >>interior drop ;
 
 : <page> ( list -- gadget )
diff --git a/extra/spheres/tags.txt b/extra/spheres/tags.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b9a82374be..0000000000
--- a/extra/spheres/tags.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-opengl
-glsl
-demos
diff --git a/extra/springies/ui/ui.factor b/extra/springies/ui/ui.factor
index 423a68cf0d..21e97a1827 100644
--- a/extra/springies/ui/ui.factor
+++ b/extra/springies/ui/ui.factor
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ IN: springies.ui
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
-: draw-node ( node -- ) pos>> { -5 -5 } v+ dup { 10 10 } v+ gl-rect ;
+: draw-node ( node -- ) pos>> { -5 -5 } v+ [ { 10 10 } gl-rect ] with-translation ;
 
 : draw-spring ( spring -- )
   [ node-a>> pos>> ] [ node-b>> pos>> ] bi gl-line ;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ IN: springies.ui
 
 ! : display ( -- ) set-projection black gl-color draw-nodes draw-springs ;
 
-: display ( -- ) set-projection black set-color draw-nodes draw-springs ;
+: display ( -- ) set-projection black gl-color draw-nodes draw-springs ;
 
 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
diff --git a/extra/state-tables/state-tables-tests.factor b/extra/state-tables/state-tables-tests.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index b86c4f57d9..0000000000
--- a/extra/state-tables/state-tables-tests.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-USING: kernel state-tables tools.test ;
-IN: state-tables.tests
-
-: test-table
-    <table>
-    "a" "c" "z" <entry> over set-entry
-    "a" "o" "y" <entry> over set-entry
-    "a" "l" "x" <entry> over set-entry
-    "b" "o" "y" <entry> over set-entry
-    "b" "l" "x" <entry> over set-entry
-    "b" "s" "u" <entry> over set-entry ;
-
-[
-    T{
-        table
-        f
-        H{ 
-            { "a" H{ { "l" "x" } { "c" "z" } { "o" "y" } } }
-            { "b" H{ { "l" "x" } { "s" "u" } { "o" "y" } } }
-        }
-        H{ { "l" t } { "s" t } { "c" t } { "o" t } }
-        f
-        H{ }
-    }
-] [ test-table ] unit-test
-
-[ "x" t ] [ "a" "l" test-table get-entry ] unit-test
-[ "har" t ] [
-    "a" "z" "har" <entry> test-table [ set-entry ] keep
-    >r "a" "z" r> get-entry
-] unit-test
-
-: vector-test-table
-    <vector-table>
-    "a" "c" "z" <entry> over add-entry
-    "a" "c" "r" <entry> over add-entry
-    "a" "o" "y" <entry> over add-entry
-    "a" "l" "x" <entry> over add-entry
-    "b" "o" "y" <entry> over add-entry
-    "b" "l" "x" <entry> over add-entry
-    "b" "s" "u" <entry> over add-entry ;
-
-[
-T{ vector-table f
-    H{ 
-        { "a"
-            H{ { "l" "x" } { "c" V{ "z" "r" } } { "o" "y" } } }
-        { "b"
-            H{ { "l" "x" } { "s" "u" } { "o" "y" } } }
-    }
-    H{ { "l" t } { "s" t } { "c" t } { "o" t } }
-    f
-    H{ }
-}
-] [ vector-test-table ] unit-test
-
diff --git a/extra/state-tables/state-tables.factor b/extra/state-tables/state-tables.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index ecb258c163..0000000000
--- a/extra/state-tables/state-tables.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: kernel namespaces make sequences vectors assocs accessors ;
-IN: state-tables
-
-TUPLE: table rows columns start-state final-states ;
-TUPLE: entry row-key column-key value ;
-
-GENERIC: add-entry ( entry table -- )
-
-: make-table ( class -- obj )
-    new
-        H{ } clone >>rows
-        H{ } clone >>columns
-        H{ } clone >>final-states ;
-
-: <table> ( -- obj )
-    table make-table ;
-
-C: <entry> entry
-
-: (add-row) ( row-key table -- row )
-    2dup rows>> at* [
-        2nip
-    ] [
-        drop H{ } clone [ -rot rows>> set-at ] keep
-    ] if ;
-
-: add-row ( row-key table -- )
-    (add-row) drop ;
-
-: add-column ( column-key table -- )
-    t -rot columns>> set-at ;
-
-: set-row ( row row-key table -- )
-    rows>> set-at ;
-
-: lookup-row ( row-key table -- row/f ? )
-    rows>> at* ;
-
-: row-exists? ( row-key table -- ? )
-    lookup-row nip ;
-
-: lookup-column ( column-key table -- column/f ? )
-    columns>> at* ;
-
-: column-exists? ( column-key table -- ? )
-    lookup-column nip ;
-
-ERROR: no-row key ;
-ERROR: no-column key ;
-
-: get-row ( row-key table -- row )
-    dupd lookup-row [
-        nip
-    ] [
-        drop no-row
-    ] if ;
-
-: get-column ( column-key table -- column )
-    dupd lookup-column [
-        nip
-    ] [
-        drop no-column
-    ] if ;
-
-: get-entry ( row-key column-key table -- obj ? )
-    swapd lookup-row [
-        at*
-    ] [
-        2drop f f
-    ] if ;
-
-: (set-entry) ( entry table -- value column-key row )
-    [ >r column-key>> r> add-column ] 2keep
-    dupd >r row-key>> r> (add-row)
-    >r [ value>> ] keep column-key>> r> ;
-
-: set-entry ( entry table -- )
-    (set-entry) set-at ;
-
-: delete-entry ( entry table -- )
-    >r [ column-key>> ] [ row-key>> ] bi r>
-    lookup-row [ delete-at ] [ 2drop ] if ;
-
-: swap-rows ( row-key1 row-key2 table -- )
-    [ tuck get-row >r get-row r> ] 3keep
-    >r >r rot r> r> [ set-row ] keep set-row ;
-
-: member?* ( obj obj -- bool )
-    2dup = [ 2drop t ] [ member? ] if ;
-
-: find-by-column ( column-key data table -- seq )
-    swapd 2dup lookup-column 2drop 
-    [
-        rows>> [
-            pick swap at* [ 
-                >r pick r> member?* [ , ] [ drop ] if
-            ] [ 
-                2drop
-            ] if 
-        ] assoc-each
-    ] { } make 2nip ;
-
-
-TUPLE: vector-table < table ;
-: <vector-table> ( -- obj )
-    vector-table make-table ;
-
-: add-hash-vector ( value key hash -- )
-    2dup at* [
-        dup vector? [
-            2nip push
-        ] [
-            V{ } clone [ push ] keep
-            -rot >r >r [ push ] keep r> r> set-at
-        ] if
-    ] [
-        drop set-at
-    ] if ;
- 
-M: vector-table add-entry ( entry table -- )
-    (set-entry) add-hash-vector ;
diff --git a/extra/tar/tar.factor b/extra/tar/tar.factor
index 286ac0183a..e3c14854d3 100755
--- a/extra/tar/tar.factor
+++ b/extra/tar/tar.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: combinators io io.files io.streams.string kernel math
 math.parser continuations namespaces pack prettyprint sequences
-strings system hexdump io.encodings.binary summary accessors
+strings system tools.hexdump io.encodings.binary summary accessors
 io.backend symbols byte-arrays ;
 IN: tar
 
diff --git a/extra/taxes/usa/usa-tests.factor b/extra/taxes/usa/usa-tests.factor
index a529762c81..002299fef1 100644
--- a/extra/taxes/usa/usa-tests.factor
+++ b/extra/taxes/usa/usa-tests.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: kernel money tools.test
 taxes.usa taxes.usa.federal taxes.usa.mn
-taxes.utils taxes.usa.w4 usa-cities ;
+calendar taxes.usa.w4 usa-cities ;
 IN: taxes.usa.tests
 
 [
diff --git a/extra/taxes/utils/utils.factor b/extra/taxes/utils/utils.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index a5c2240625..0000000000
--- a/extra/taxes/utils/utils.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: math ;
-IN: taxes.utils
-
-: monthly ( x -- y ) 12 / ;
-: semimonthly ( x -- y ) 24 / ;
-: biweekly ( x -- y ) 26 / ;
-: weekly ( x -- y ) 52 / ;
-: daily ( x -- y ) 360 / ;
diff --git a/extra/tetris/gl/gl.factor b/extra/tetris/gl/gl.factor
index d47f027293..a9b00ffb7c 100644
--- a/extra/tetris/gl/gl.factor
+++ b/extra/tetris/gl/gl.factor
@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ IN: tetris.gl
 #! OpenGL rendering for tetris
 
 : draw-block ( block -- )
-    dup { 1 1 } v+ gl-fill-rect ;
+    [ { 1 1 } gl-fill-rect ] with-translation ;
 
 : draw-piece-blocks ( piece -- )
     piece-blocks [ draw-block ] each ;
 
 : draw-piece ( piece -- )
-    dup tetromino>> colour>> set-color draw-piece-blocks ;
+    dup tetromino>> colour>> gl-color draw-piece-blocks ;
 
 : draw-next-piece ( piece -- )
     dup tetromino>> colour>>
-    clone 0.2 >>alpha set-color draw-piece-blocks ;
+    clone 0.2 >>alpha gl-color draw-piece-blocks ;
 
 ! TODO: move implementation specific stuff into tetris-board
 : (draw-row) ( x y row -- )
     >r over r> nth dup
-    [ set-color 2array draw-block ] [ 3drop ] if ;
+    [ gl-color 2array draw-block ] [ 3drop ] if ;
 
 : draw-row ( y row -- )
     dup length -rot [ (draw-row) ] 2curry each ;
diff --git a/extra/time-server/authors.txt b/extra/time-server/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4f5d6b3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/time-server/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/time-server/time-server-tests.factor b/extra/time-server/time-server-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9fac2d9d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/time-server/time-server-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: tools.test time-server ;
+IN: time-server.tests
diff --git a/extra/time-server/time-server.factor b/extra/time-server/time-server.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28debf17cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/time-server/time-server.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: io io.servers.connection accessors threads
+calendar calendar.format ;
+IN: time-server
+
+: handle-time-client ( -- )
+    now timestamp>rfc822 print ;
+
+: <time-server> ( -- threaded-server )
+    <threaded-server>
+        "time-server" >>name
+        1234 >>insecure
+        [ handle-time-client ] >>handler ;
+
+: start-time-server ( -- threaded-server )
+    <time-server> [ start-server ] in-thread ;
+
+MAIN: start-time-server
diff --git a/extra/ui/gadgets/broken/broken.factor b/extra/ui/gadgets/broken/broken.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d282e417bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/ui/gadgets/broken/broken.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel accessors ui ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.buttons ui.render ;
+IN: ui.gadgets.broken
+
+! An intentionally broken gadget -- used to test UI error handling,
+! make sure that one bad gadget doesn't bring the whole system down
+
+: <bad-button> ( -- button )
+    "Click me if you dare"
+    [ "Haha" throw ]
+    <bevel-button> ;
+
+TUPLE: bad-gadget < gadget ;
+
+M: bad-gadget draw-gadget* "Lulz" throw ;
+
+M: bad-gadget pref-dim* drop { 100 100 } ;
+
+: <bad-gadget> ( -- gadget ) bad-gadget new-gadget ;
+
+: bad-gadget-test ( -- )
+    <bad-button> "Test 1" open-window
+    <bad-gadget> "Test 2" open-window ;
+
+MAIN: bad-gadget-test
diff --git a/extra/ui/gadgets/tabs/tabs.factor b/extra/ui/gadgets/tabs/tabs.factor
index 7e09d086c2..0113e01ba7 100755
--- a/extra/ui/gadgets/tabs/tabs.factor
+++ b/extra/ui/gadgets/tabs/tabs.factor
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ TUPLE: tabbed < frame names toggler content ;
 
 DEFER: (del-page)
 
-:: add-toggle ( model n name toggler -- )
+:: add-toggle ( n name model toggler -- )
   <frame>
-    n name toggler parent>> '[ _ _ _ (del-page) ] "X" swap <bevel-button>
+    n name toggler parent>> '[ drop _ _ _ (del-page) ] "X" swap <bevel-button>
       @right grid-add
     n model name <toggle-button> @center grid-add
   toggler swap add-gadget drop ;
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ DEFER: (del-page)
      [ names>> ] [ model>> ] [ toggler>> ] tri
      [ clear-gadget ] keep
      [ [ length ] keep ] 2dip
-     '[ [ _ ] 2dip _ add-toggle ] 2each ;
+     '[ _ _ add-toggle ] 2each ;
 
 : refresh-book ( tabbed -- )
     model>> [ ] change-model ;
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ DEFER: (del-page)
 
 : add-page ( page name tabbed -- )
     [ names>> push ] 2keep
-    [ [ model>> swap ]
-      [ names>> length 1 - swap ]
+    [ [ names>> length 1 - swap ]
+      [ model>> ]
       [ toggler>> ] tri add-toggle ]
     [ content>> swap add-gadget drop ]
     [ refresh-book ] tri ;
diff --git a/extra/ui/render/test/reference.bmp b/extra/ui/render/test/reference.bmp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ba20c4043
Binary files /dev/null and b/extra/ui/render/test/reference.bmp differ
diff --git a/extra/ui/render/test/test.factor b/extra/ui/render/test/test.factor
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2267c22a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/ui/render/test/test.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+! Copyright (C) 2008 Slava Pestov.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: accessors colors arrays kernel sequences math byte-arrays
+namespaces grouping fry cap graphics.bitmap
+ui.gadgets ui.gadgets.packs ui.gadgets.borders ui.gadgets.grids
+ui.gadgets.grid-lines ui.gadgets.labels ui.gadgets.buttons
+ui.render ui opengl opengl.gl ;
+IN: ui.render.test
+
+SINGLETON: line-test
+
+M: line-test draw-interior
+    2drop { 0 0 } { 0 10 } gl-line ;
+
+: <line-gadget> ( -- gadget )
+    <gadget>
+        line-test >>interior
+        { 1 10 } >>dim ;
+
+: message-window ( text -- )
+    <label> "Message" open-window ;
+
+SYMBOL: render-output
+
+: twiddle ( bytes -- bytes )
+    #! On Windows, white is { 253 253 253 } ?
+    [ 10 /i ] map ;
+
+: stride ( bitmap -- n ) width>> 3 * ;
+
+: bitmap= ( bitmap1 bitmap2 -- ? )
+    [
+        [ [ array>> ] [ stride 4 align ] bi group ] [ stride ] bi
+        '[ _ head twiddle ] map
+    ] bi@ = ;
+
+: check-rendering ( gadget -- )
+    screenshot
+    [ render-output set-global ]
+    [
+        "resource:extra/ui/render/test/reference.bmp" load-bitmap
+        bitmap= "is perfect" "needs work" ?
+        "Your UI rendering " prepend
+        message-window
+    ] bi ;
+
+TUPLE: take-screenshot { first-time? initial: t } ;
+
+M: take-screenshot draw-boundary
+    dup first-time?>> [
+        over check-rendering
+        f >>first-time?
+    ] when
+    2drop ;
+
+: <ui-render-test> ( -- gadget )
+    <shelf>
+        take-screenshot new >>boundary
+        <gadget>
+            black <solid> >>interior
+            { 98 98 } >>dim
+        1 <border> add-gadget
+        <gadget>
+            gray <solid> >>boundary
+            { 94 94 } >>dim
+        3 <border>
+            red <solid> >>boundary
+        add-gadget
+            <line-gadget> <line-gadget> <line-gadget> 3array
+            <line-gadget> <line-gadget> <line-gadget> 3array
+            <line-gadget> <line-gadget> <line-gadget> 3array
+        3array <grid>
+            { 5 5 } >>gap
+            blue <grid-lines> >>boundary
+        add-gadget
+        <gadget>
+            { 14 14 } >>dim
+            black <checkmark-paint> >>interior
+            black <solid> >>boundary
+        4 <border>
+        add-gadget ;
+    
+: ui-render-test ( -- )
+    <ui-render-test> "Test" open-window ;
+
+MAIN: ui-render-test
diff --git a/unmaintained/update/backup/backup.factor b/extra/update/backup/backup.factor
similarity index 87%
rename from unmaintained/update/backup/backup.factor
rename to extra/update/backup/backup.factor
index 0dcf853b98..0c7b442ffa 100644
--- a/unmaintained/update/backup/backup.factor
+++ b/extra/update/backup/backup.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-USING: namespaces debugger io.files bootstrap.image builder.util ;
+USING: namespaces debugger io.files bootstrap.image update.util ;
 
 IN: update.backup
 
diff --git a/unmaintained/update/latest/latest.factor b/extra/update/latest/latest.factor
similarity index 89%
rename from unmaintained/update/latest/latest.factor
rename to extra/update/latest/latest.factor
index df057422f9..9546379223 100644
--- a/unmaintained/update/latest/latest.factor
+++ b/extra/update/latest/latest.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 
 USING: kernel namespaces system io.files bootstrap.image http.client
-       builder.util update update.backup ;
+       update update.backup update.util ;
 
 IN: update.latest
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ IN: update.latest
 : git-pull-master ( -- )
   image parent-directory
     [
-      { "git" "pull" "git://factorcode.org/git/factor.git" "master" }
+      { "git" "pull" "http://factorcode.org/git/factor.git" "master" }
       run-command
     ]
   with-directory ;
diff --git a/unmaintained/update/update.factor b/extra/update/update.factor
similarity index 94%
rename from unmaintained/update/update.factor
rename to extra/update/update.factor
index 1d25a9792e..c6a5671345 100644
--- a/unmaintained/update/update.factor
+++ b/extra/update/update.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 
 USING: kernel system sequences io.files io.launcher bootstrap.image
        http.client
-       builder.util builder.release.branch ;
+       update.util ;
+
+       ! builder.util builder.release.branch ;
 
 IN: update
 
diff --git a/extra/update/util/util.factor b/extra/update/util/util.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b638b61528
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/update/util/util.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+USING: kernel classes strings quotations words math math.parser arrays
+       combinators.cleave
+       accessors
+       system prettyprint splitting
+       sequences combinators sequences.deep
+       io
+       io.launcher
+       io.encodings.utf8
+       calendar
+       calendar.format ;
+
+IN: update.util
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+DEFER: to-strings
+
+: to-string ( obj -- str )
+  dup class
+    {
+      { \ string    [ ] }
+      { \ quotation [ call ] }
+      { \ word      [ execute ] }
+      { \ fixnum    [ number>string ] }
+      { \ array     [ to-strings concat ] }
+    }
+  case ;
+
+: to-strings ( seq -- str )
+  dup [ string? ] all?
+    [ ]
+    [ [ to-string ] map flatten ]
+  if ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: cpu- ( -- cpu ) cpu unparse "." split "-" join ;
+
+: platform ( -- string ) { [ os unparse ] cpu- } to-strings "-" join ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: branch-name ( -- string ) "clean-" platform append ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: gnu-make ( -- string )
+  os { freebsd openbsd netbsd } member? [ "gmake" ] [ "make" ] if ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: git-id ( -- id )
+  { "git" "show" } utf8 <process-reader> [ readln ] with-input-stream
+  " " split second ;
+
+! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+
+: datestamp ( -- string )
+  now
+    { year>> month>> day>> hour>> minute>> } <arr>
+  [ pad-00 ] map "-" join ;
diff --git a/extra/vpri-talk/authors.txt b/extra/vpri-talk/authors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1901f27a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/vpri-talk/authors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slava Pestov
diff --git a/extra/vpri-talk/summary.txt b/extra/vpri-talk/summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ebcc4b114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/vpri-talk/summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Slides from a talk at VPRI by Slava Pestov, October 2008
diff --git a/extra/nehe/tags.txt b/extra/vpri-talk/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/tags.txt
rename to extra/vpri-talk/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/webapps/blogs/new-post.xml b/extra/webapps/blogs/new-post.xml
index 9cb0250518..a2741ccd4e 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/blogs/new-post.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/blogs/new-post.xml
@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@
 		</t:form>
 	</div>
 
-	<t:validation-messages />
+	<t:validation-errors />
 </t:chloe>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/help/help.factor b/extra/webapps/help/help.factor
index c209fe222e..96401b6afd 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/help/help.factor
+++ b/extra/webapps/help/help.factor
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel accessors http.server.dispatchers
 http.server.static furnace.actions furnace.redirection urls
-validators locals io.files html.forms help.html ;
+validators locals io.files html.forms html.components help.html ;
 IN: webapps.help
 
 TUPLE: help-webapp < dispatcher ;
 
+M: result link-title title>> ;
+
+M: result link-href href>> ;
+
 :: <search-action> ( help-dir -- action )
     <page-action>
         { help-webapp "search" } >>template
@@ -16,11 +20,11 @@ TUPLE: help-webapp < dispatcher ;
                 { "search" [ 1 v-min-length 50 v-max-length v-one-line ] }
             } validate-params
 
-            help-dir set-current-directory
-
-            "search" value article-apropos "articles" set-value
-            "search" value word-apropos "words" set-value
-            "search" value vocab-apropos "vocabs" set-value
+            help-dir [
+                "search" value article-apropos "articles" set-value
+                "search" value word-apropos "words" set-value
+                "search" value vocab-apropos "vocabs" set-value
+            ] with-directory
 
             { help-webapp "search" } <chloe-content>
         ] >>submit ;
diff --git a/extra/webapps/help/search.xml b/extra/webapps/help/search.xml
index e5fa5d3901..bcaed59ea4 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/help/search.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/help/search.xml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 		
 		<t:form t:action="$help-webapp/search">
 			<t:field t:name="search" />
-			<button>Search</button>
+			<button type="submit">Search</button>
 		</t:form>
 		
 		<t:if t:value="articles">
diff --git a/extra/webapps/ip/ip.factor b/extra/webapps/ip/ip.factor
index 4e22de60bc..c2ae0f8520 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/ip/ip.factor
+++ b/extra/webapps/ip/ip.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Doug Coleman.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: accessors furnace.actions http.server
-http.server.dispatchers html.forms io.servers.connection
+http.server.dispatchers html.forms io.sockets
 namespaces prettyprint ;
 IN: webapps.ip
 
diff --git a/extra/webapps/pastebin/new-paste.xml b/extra/webapps/pastebin/new-paste.xml
index 96339b6cf8..9866c8819a 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/pastebin/new-paste.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/pastebin/new-paste.xml
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@
 			</tr>
 		</table>
 
-		<p> <button>Submit</button> </p>
+		<p> <button type="submit">Submit</button> </p>
 	</t:form>
 </t:chloe>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/pastebin/paste.xml b/extra/webapps/pastebin/paste.xml
index 8fe672049f..a48d2ea42d 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/pastebin/paste.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/pastebin/paste.xml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 				</tr>
 			</table>
 
-			<p> <button>Done</button> </p>
+			<p> <button type="submit">Done</button> </p>
 
 		</t:form>
 
diff --git a/extra/webapps/user-admin/edit-user.xml b/extra/webapps/user-admin/edit-user.xml
index f41e8a97b4..27b6beaec6 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/user-admin/edit-user.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/user-admin/edit-user.xml
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 	
 	<p>
 		<button type="submit" >Update</button>
-		<t:validation-messages />
+		<t:validation-errors />
 	</p>
 
 	</t:form>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/user-admin/new-user.xml b/extra/webapps/user-admin/new-user.xml
index 7acdd384ba..0820dbcb64 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/user-admin/new-user.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/user-admin/new-user.xml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 		<th class="field-label big-field-label">Capabilities:</th>
 		<td>
 			<t:each t:name="capabilities">
-				<li><t:checkbox t:name="@value" t:label="@value" /><br/>
+				<t:checkbox t:name="@value" t:label="@value" /><br/>
 			</t:each>
 		</td>
 	</tr>
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 	
 	<p>
 		<button type="submit" class="link-button link">Create</button>
-		<t:validation-messages />
+		<t:validation-errors />
 	</p>
 
 	</t:form>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/user-admin/user-admin-docs.factor b/extra/webapps/user-admin/user-admin-docs.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3551210664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/webapps/user-admin/user-admin-docs.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+USING: help.markup help.syntax db strings ;
+IN: webapps.user-admin
+
+HELP: <user-admin>
+{ $values { "responder" "a new responder" } }
+{ $description "Creates a new instance of the user admin tool. This tool must be added to an authentication realm, and access is restricted to users having the " { $link can-administer-users? } " capability." } ;
+
+HELP: can-administer-users?
+{ $description "A user capability. Users having this capability may use the " { $link user-admin } " tool." }
+{ $notes "See " { $link "furnace.auth.capabilities" } " for information about capabilities." } ;
+
+HELP: make-admin
+{ $values { "username" string } }
+{ $description "Makes an existing user into an administrator by giving them the " { $link can-administer-users? } " capability, thus allowing them to use the user admin tool." } ;
+
+ARTICLE: "furnace.auth.user-admin" "Furnace user administration tool"
+"The " { $vocab-link "webapps.user-admin" } " vocabulary implements a web application for adding, removing and editing users in authentication realms that use " { $link "furnace.auth.providers.db" } "."
+{ $subsection <user-admin> }
+"Access to the web app itself is protected, and only users having an administrative capability can access it:"
+{ $subsection can-administer-users? }
+"To make an existing user an administrator, call the following word in a " { $link with-db } " scope:"
+{ $subsection make-admin } ;
diff --git a/extra/webapps/wee-url/shorten.xml b/extra/webapps/wee-url/shorten.xml
index 53f611a8d8..3dda556aa2 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/wee-url/shorten.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/wee-url/shorten.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
         <t:form t:action="$wee-url">
 		<p>Shorten URL: <t:field t:name="url" t:size="40" /></p>
-		<button>Shorten</button>
+		<button type="submit">Shorten</button>
 	</t:form>
 
 </t:chloe>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/wee-url/wee-url.factor b/extra/webapps/wee-url/wee-url.factor
index e4a4a6a853..af7c8b61ce 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/wee-url/wee-url.factor
+++ b/extra/webapps/wee-url/wee-url.factor
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 USING: math.ranges sequences random accessors combinators.lib
 kernel namespaces fry db.types db.tuples urls validators
 html.components html.forms http http.server.dispatchers furnace
-furnace.actions furnace.boilerplate furnace.redirection ;
+furnace.actions furnace.boilerplate furnace.redirection 
+furnace.utilities ;
 IN: webapps.wee-url
 
 TUPLE: wee-url < dispatcher ;
diff --git a/extra/webapps/wiki/edit.xml b/extra/webapps/wiki/edit.xml
index 9cb2e92f93..f8c593cf2f 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/wiki/edit.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/wiki/edit.xml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 		</p>
 
 		<p>
-			<button>Save</button>
+			<button type="submit">Save</button>
 		</p>
 
 	</t:form>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/wiki/revisions.xml b/extra/webapps/wiki/revisions.xml
index 1d9c01fd65..759cc77449 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/wiki/revisions.xml
+++ b/extra/webapps/wiki/revisions.xml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 			</tr>
 		</table>
 
-		<button>View</button>
+		<button type="submit">View</button>
 	</t:form>
 
 </t:chloe>
diff --git a/extra/webapps/wiki/wiki.factor b/extra/webapps/wiki/wiki.factor
index b833cc8cc2..b78dc25d79 100644
--- a/extra/webapps/wiki/wiki.factor
+++ b/extra/webapps/wiki/wiki.factor
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ syndication farkup
 html.components html.forms
 http.server
 http.server.dispatchers
-furnace
 furnace.actions
+furnace.utilities
 furnace.redirection
 furnace.auth
 furnace.auth.login
diff --git a/extra/wordtimer/wordtimer.factor b/extra/wordtimer/wordtimer.factor
index ae3ce22414..803f0c2a66 100644
--- a/extra/wordtimer/wordtimer.factor
+++ b/extra/wordtimer/wordtimer.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 USING: kernel sequences namespaces make math assocs words arrays
-tools.annotations vocabs sorting prettyprint io micros
-math.statistics accessors ;
+tools.annotations vocabs sorting prettyprint io system
+math.statistics accessors tools.time ;
 IN: wordtimer
 
 SYMBOL: *wordtimes*
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ SYMBOL: *calling*
   *calling* get-global at ; inline
     
 : timed-call ( quot word -- )
-  [ calling ] [ >r micro-time r> register-time ] [ finished ] tri ; inline
+  [ calling ] [ >r benchmark r> register-time ] [ finished ] tri ; inline
 
 : time-unless-recursing ( quot word -- )
   dup called-recursively? not
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ SYMBOL: *calling*
 : dummy-word ( -- ) ;
 
 : time-dummy-word ( -- n )
-  [ 100000 [ [ dummy-word ] micro-time , ] times ] { } make median ;
+  [ 100000 [ [ dummy-word ] benchmark , ] times ] { } make median ;
 
 : subtract-overhead ( {oldtime,n} overhead -- {newtime,n} )
   [ first2 ] dip
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ SYMBOL: *calling*
 
 : wordtimer-call ( quot -- )
   reset-word-timer 
-  [ call ] micro-time >r
+  benchmark >r
   correct-for-timing-overhead
   "total time:" write r> pprint nl
   print-word-timings nl ;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ SYMBOL: *calling*
   over [ reset-vocab ] [ add-timers ] bi
   reset-word-timer
   "executing quotation..." print flush
-  [ call ] micro-time >r
+  benchmark >r
   "resetting annotations..." print flush
   reset-vocab
   correct-for-timing-overhead
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/workspace/authors.txt b/extra/x/widgets/wm/workspace/authors.txt
deleted file mode 100755
index 6cfd5da273..0000000000
--- a/extra/x/widgets/wm/workspace/authors.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Eduardo Cavazos
diff --git a/misc/factor.el b/misc/factor.el
index 1ae8919559..5f56072c1d 100644
--- a/misc/factor.el
+++ b/misc/factor.el
@@ -1,39 +1,272 @@
-;; Eduardo Cavazos - wayo.cavazos@gmail.com
+;;; factor.el --- Interacting with Factor within emacs
+;;
+;; Authors: Eduardo Cavazos <wayo.cavazos@gmail.com>
+;;          Jose A Ortega Ruiz <jao@gnu.org>
+;; Keywords: languages
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;;; Quick setup:
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;; Add these lines to your .emacs file:
-
-;; (load-file "/scratch/repos/Factor/misc/factor.el")
-;; (setq factor-binary "/scratch/repos/Factor/factor")
-;; (setq factor-image "/scratch/repos/Factor/factor.image")
-
+;;
+;;   (load-file "/scratch/repos/Factor/misc/factor.el")
+;;   (setq factor-binary "/scratch/repos/Factor/factor")
+;;   (setq factor-image "/scratch/repos/Factor/factor.image")
+;;
 ;; Of course, you'll have to edit the directory paths for your system
-;; accordingly.
-
+;; accordingly. Alternatively, put this file in your load-path and use
+;;
+;;   (require 'factor)
+;;
+;; instead of load-file.
+;;
 ;; That's all you have to do to "install" factor.el on your
 ;; system. Whenever you edit a factor file, Emacs will know to switch
 ;; to Factor mode.
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;
+;; For further customization options,
+;;   M-x customize-group RET factor
+;;
+;; To start a Factor listener inside Emacs,
+;;   M-x run-factor
 
-;; M-x run-factor === Start a Factor listener inside Emacs
+;;; Requirements:
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+(require 'font-lock)
+(require 'comint)
+(require 'view)
+(require 'ring)
 
-;; BUG: A double quote character on a commented line will break the
-;; syntax highlighting for that line.
+;;; Customization:
 
 (defgroup factor nil
   "Factor mode"
   :group 'languages)
 
-(defvar factor-mode-syntax-table nil
-  "Syntax table used while in Factor mode.")
+(defcustom factor-default-indent-width 4
+  "Default indentantion width for factor-mode.
+
+This value will be used for the local variable
+`factor-indent-width' in new factor buffers. For existing code,
+we first check if `factor-indent-width' is set explicitly in a
+local variable section or line (e.g. '! -*- factor-indent-witdth: 2 -*-').
+If that's not the case, `factor-mode' tries to infer its correct
+value from the existing code in the buffer."
+  :type 'integer
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-binary "~/factor/factor"
+  "Full path to the factor executable to use when starting a listener."
+  :type '(file :must-match t)
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-image "~/factor/factor.image"
+  "Full path to the factor image to use when starting a listener."
+  :type '(file :must-match t)
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-use-doc-window t
+  "When on, use a separate window to display help information.
+Disable to see that information in the factor-listener comint
+window."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-listener-use-other-window t
+  "Use a window other than the current buffer's when switching to
+the factor-listener buffer."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-listener-window-allow-split t
+  "Allow window splitting when switching to the factor-listener
+buffer."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-help-always-ask t
+  "When enabled, always ask for confirmation in help prompts."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-help-use-minibuffer t
+  "When enabled, use the minibuffer for short help messages."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'factor)
 
 (defcustom factor-display-compilation-output t
   "Display the REPL buffer before compiling files."
-  :type '(choice (const :tag "Enable" t) (const :tag "Disable" nil))
+  :type 'boolean
   :group 'factor)
 
+(defcustom factor-mode-hook nil
+  "Hook run when entering Factor mode."
+  :type 'hook
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defcustom factor-help-mode-hook nil
+  "Hook run by `factor-help-mode'."
+  :type 'hook
+  :group 'factor)
+
+(defgroup factor-faces nil
+  "Faces used in Factor mode"
+  :group 'factor
+  :group 'faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-parsing-word (face-default-spec font-lock-keyword-face)
+  "Face for parsing words."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-declaration (face-default-spec font-lock-keyword-face)
+  "Face for declaration words (inline, parsing ...)."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-comment (face-default-spec font-lock-comment-face)
+  "Face for comments."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-string (face-default-spec font-lock-string-face)
+  "Face for strings."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-stack-effect (face-default-spec font-lock-comment-face)
+  "Face for stack effect specifications."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-word-definition (face-default-spec font-lock-function-name-face)
+  "Face for word, generic or method being defined."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-symbol-definition (face-default-spec font-lock-variable-name-face)
+  "Face for name of symbol being defined."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-vocabulary-name (face-default-spec font-lock-constant-face)
+  "Face for names of vocabularies in USE or USING."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-type-definition (face-default-spec font-lock-type-face)
+  "Face for type (tuple) names."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-constructor (face-default-spec font-lock-type-face)
+  "Face for constructors (<foo>)."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-setter-word (face-default-spec font-lock-function-name-face)
+  "Face for setter words (>>foo)."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-parsing-word (face-default-spec font-lock-keyword-face)
+  "Face for parsing words."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+(defface factor-font-lock-help-mode-headlines '((t (:bold t :weight bold)))
+  "Face for headlines in help buffers."
+  :group 'factor-faces)
+
+
+;;; Compatibility
+(when (not (fboundp 'ring-member))
+  (defun ring-member (ring item)
+    (catch 'found
+      (dotimes (ind (ring-length ring) nil)
+        (when (equal item (ring-ref ring ind))
+          (throw 'found ind))))))
+
+
+;;; Factor mode font lock:
+
+(defconst factor--parsing-words
+  '("{" "}" "^:" "^::" ";" "<<" "<PRIVATE" ">>"
+    "BIN:" "BV{" "B{" "C:" "C-STRUCT:" "C-UNION:" "CHAR:" "CS{" "C{"
+    "DEFER:" "ERROR:" "EXCLUDE:" "FORGET:"
+    "GENERIC#" "GENERIC:" "HEX:" "HOOK:" "H{"
+    "IN:" "INSTANCE:" "INTERSECTION:"
+    "M:" "MACRO:" "MACRO::" "MAIN:" "MATH:" "METHOD:" "MIXIN:"
+    "OCT:" "POSTPONE:" "PREDICATE:" "PRIMITIVE:" "PRIVATE>" "PROVIDE:"
+    "REQUIRE:"  "REQUIRES:" "SINGLETON:" "SLOT:" "SYMBOL:" "SYMBOLS:"
+    "TUPLE:" "T{" "t\\??" "TYPEDEF:"
+    "UNION:" "USE:" "USING:" "V{" "VARS:" "W{"))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-parsing-words-ext
+  (regexp-opt '("B" "call-next-method" "delimiter" "f" "initial:" "read-only")
+              'words))
+
+(defconst factor--declaration-words
+  '("flushable" "foldable" "inline" "parsing" "recursive"))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-declaration-words
+  (regexp-opt factor--declaration-words 'words))
+
+(defsubst factor--regex-second-word (prefixes)
+  (format "^%s +\\([^ \r\n]+\\)" (regexp-opt prefixes t)))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-method-definition
+  "^M: +\\([^ ]+\\) +\\([^ ]+\\)")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-word-definition
+  (factor--regex-second-word '(":" "::" "GENERIC:")))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-type-definition
+  (factor--regex-second-word '("TUPLE:" "SINGLETON:")))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-parent-type "^TUPLE: +[^ ]+ +< +\\([^ ]+\\)")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-constructor "<[^ >]+>")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-setter "\\W>>[^ ]+\\b")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-symbol-definition
+  (factor--regex-second-word '("SYMBOL:" "VAR:")))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-stack-effect " ( .* )")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-using-lines "^USING: +\\(\\([^;]\\|[\n\r\f]\\)*\\);")
+
+(defconst factor--regex-use-line "^USE: +\\(.*\\)$")
+
+(defconst factor--font-lock-keywords
+  `((,factor--regex-stack-effect . 'factor-font-lock-stack-effect)
+    ("\\(P\\|SBUF\\)\"" 1 'factor-font-lock-parsing-word)
+    ,@(mapcar #'(lambda (w) (cons (concat "\\(^\\| \\)\\(" w "\\)\\($\\| \\)")
+                             '(2 'factor-font-lock-parsing-word)))
+              factor--parsing-words)
+    (,factor--regex-parsing-words-ext . 'factor-font-lock-parsing-word)
+    (,factor--regex-declaration-words 1 'factor-font-lock-declaration)
+    (,factor--regex-word-definition 2 'factor-font-lock-word-definition)
+    (,factor--regex-type-definition 2 'factor-font-lock-type-definition)
+    (,factor--regex-method-definition (1 'factor-font-lock-type-definition)
+                                      (2 'factor-font-lock-word-definition))
+    (,factor--regex-parent-type 1 'factor-font-lock-type-definition)
+    (,factor--regex-constructor . 'factor-font-lock-constructor)
+    (,factor--regex-setter . 'factor-font-lock-setter-word)
+    (,factor--regex-symbol-definition 2 'factor-font-lock-symbol-definition)
+    (,factor--regex-use-line 1 'factor-font-lock-vocabulary-name))
+  "Font lock keywords definition for Factor mode.")
+
+
+;;; Factor mode syntax:
+
+(defconst factor--regex-definition-starters
+  (regexp-opt '("VARS" "TUPLE" "MACRO" "MACRO:" "M" ":" "")))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-definition-start
+  (format "^\\(%s:\\) " factor--regex-definition-starters))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-definition-end
+  (format "\\(;\\( +%s\\)*\\)" factor--regex-declaration-words))
+
+(defconst factor--font-lock-syntactic-keywords
+  `(("\\(#!\\)" (1 "<"))
+    (" \\(!\\)" (1 "<"))
+    ("^\\(!\\)" (1 "<"))
+    ("\\(!(\\) .* \\()\\)" (1 "<") (2 ">"))))
+
+(defvar factor-mode-syntax-table nil
+  "Syntax table used while in Factor mode.")
 
 (if factor-mode-syntax-table
     ()
@@ -61,11 +294,14 @@
 
     ;; Whitespace
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\t " " factor-mode-syntax-table)
-    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n ">" factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\f " " factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\r " " factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?  " " factor-mode-syntax-table)
 
+    ;; (end of) Comments
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n ">" factor-mode-syntax-table)
+
+    ;; Parenthesis
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\[ "(]  " factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\] ")[  " factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?{ "(}  " factor-mode-syntax-table)
@@ -73,63 +309,268 @@
 
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\( "()" factor-mode-syntax-table)
     (modify-syntax-entry ?\) ")(" factor-mode-syntax-table)
-    (modify-syntax-entry ?\" "\"    " factor-mode-syntax-table)))
 
-(defvar factor-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
+    ;; Strings
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\" "\"" factor-mode-syntax-table)
+    (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ "/" factor-mode-syntax-table)))
 
-(defcustom factor-mode-hook nil
-  "Hook run when entering Factor mode."
-  :type 'hook
-  :group 'factor)
+
+;;; symbol-at-point
 
-(defconst factor-font-lock-keywords
-  '(("#!.*$" . font-lock-comment-face)
-    ("!( .* )" . font-lock-comment-face)
-    ("^!.*$" . font-lock-comment-face)
-    (" !.*$" . font-lock-comment-face)
-    ("( .* )" . font-lock-comment-face)
-    "BIN:"
-    "MAIN:"
-    "IN:" "USING:" "TUPLE:" "^C:" "^M:"
-    "METHOD:"
-    "USE:" "REQUIRE:" "PROVIDE:"
-    "REQUIRES:"
-    "GENERIC:" "GENERIC#" "SYMBOL:" "PREDICATE:" "VAR:" "VARS:"
-    "C-STRUCT:"
-    "C-UNION:" "<PRIVATE" "PRIVATE>" "MACRO:" "MACRO::" "DEFER:" "TYPEDEF:"
-    "SYMBOLS:"
-))
+(defun factor--beginning-of-symbol ()
+  "Move point to the beginning of the current symbol."
+  (while (eq (char-before) ?:) (backward-char))
+  (skip-syntax-backward "w_"))
 
-(defun factor-indent-line ()
+(defun factor--end-of-symbol ()
+  "Move point to the end of the current symbol."
+  (skip-syntax-forward "w_")
+  (while (looking-at ":") (forward-char)))
+
+(put 'factor-symbol 'end-op 'factor--end-of-symbol)
+(put 'factor-symbol 'beginning-op 'factor--beginning-of-symbol)
+
+(defsubst factor--symbol-at-point ()
+  (let ((s (substring-no-properties (thing-at-point 'factor-symbol))))
+    (and (> (length s) 0) s)))
+
+
+;;; Factor mode indentation:
+
+(make-variable-buffer-local
+ (defvar factor-indent-width factor-default-indent-width
+   "Indentation width in factor buffers. A local variable."))
+
+(defun factor--guess-indent-width ()
+  "Chooses an indentation value from existing code."
+  (let ((word-cont "^ +[^ ]")
+        (iw))
+    (save-excursion
+      (beginning-of-buffer)
+      (while (not iw)
+        (if (not (re-search-forward factor--regex-definition-start nil t))
+            (setq iw factor-default-indent-width)
+          (forward-line)
+          (when (looking-at word-cont)
+            (setq iw (current-indentation))))))
+    iw))
+
+(defsubst factor--ppss-brackets-depth ()
+  (nth 0 (syntax-ppss)))
+
+(defsubst factor--ppss-brackets-start ()
+  (nth 1 (syntax-ppss)))
+
+(defun factor--ppss-brackets-end ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (goto-char (factor--ppss-brackets-start))
+    (condition-case nil
+        (progn (forward-sexp)
+               (1- (point)))
+      (error -1))))
+
+(defsubst factor--indentation-at (pos)
+  (save-excursion (goto-char pos) (current-indentation)))
+
+(defsubst factor--at-first-char-p ()
+  (= (- (point) (line-beginning-position)) (current-indentation)))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-single-liner
+  (format "^%s" (regexp-opt '("DEFER:" "GENERIC:" "IN:"
+                              "PRIVATE>" "<PRIVATE"
+                              "SINGLETON:" "SYMBOL:" "USE:" "VAR:"))))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-begin-of-def
+  (format "^USING: \\|\\(%s\\)\\|\\(%s .*\\)"
+          factor--regex-definition-start
+          factor--regex-single-liner))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-end-of-def-line
+  (format "^.*%s" factor--regex-definition-end))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-end-of-def
+  (format "\\(%s\\)\\|\\(%s .*\\)"
+          factor--regex-end-of-def-line
+          factor--regex-single-liner))
+
+(defsubst factor--at-begin-of-def ()
+  (looking-at factor--regex-begin-of-def))
+
+(defsubst factor--at-end-of-def ()
+  (looking-at factor--regex-end-of-def))
+
+(defsubst factor--looking-at-emptiness ()
+  (looking-at "^[ \t]*$"))
+
+(defun factor--at-setter-line ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (if (not (factor--looking-at-emptiness))
+        (re-search-forward factor--regex-setter (line-end-position) t)
+      (forward-line -1)
+      (or (factor--at-constructor-line)
+          (factor--at-setter-line)))))
+
+(defun factor--at-constructor-line ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (re-search-forward factor--regex-constructor (line-end-position) t)))
+
+(defsubst factor--increased-indentation (&optional i)
+  (+ (or i (current-indentation)) factor-indent-width))
+(defsubst factor--decreased-indentation (&optional i)
+  (- (or i (current-indentation)) factor-indent-width))
+
+(defun factor--indent-in-brackets ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (when (> (factor--ppss-brackets-depth) 0)
+      (let ((op (factor--ppss-brackets-start))
+            (cl (factor--ppss-brackets-end))
+            (ln (line-number-at-pos)))
+        (when (> ln (line-number-at-pos op))
+          (if (and (> cl 0) (= ln (line-number-at-pos cl)))
+              (factor--indentation-at op)
+            (factor--increased-indentation (factor--indentation-at op))))))))
+
+(defun factor--indent-definition ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (when (factor--at-begin-of-def) 0)))
+
+(defun factor--indent-setter-line ()
+  (when (factor--at-setter-line)
+    (save-excursion
+      (let ((indent (and (factor--at-constructor-line) (current-indentation))))
+        (while (not (or indent
+                        (bobp)
+                        (factor--at-begin-of-def)
+                        (factor--at-end-of-def)))
+          (if (factor--at-constructor-line)
+              (setq indent (factor--increased-indentation))
+            (forward-line -1)))
+        indent))))
+
+(defun factor--indent-continuation ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (forward-line -1)
+    (while (and (not (bobp)) (factor--looking-at-emptiness))
+      (forward-line -1))
+    (if (or (factor--at-end-of-def) (factor--at-setter-line))
+        (factor--decreased-indentation)
+      (if (and (factor--at-begin-of-def)
+               (not (looking-at factor--regex-using-lines)))
+          (factor--increased-indentation)
+        (current-indentation)))))
+
+(defun factor--calculate-indentation ()
+  "Calculate Factor indentation for line at point."
+  (or (and (bobp) 0)
+      (factor--indent-definition)
+      (factor--indent-in-brackets)
+      (factor--indent-setter-line)
+      (factor--indent-continuation)
+      0))
+
+(defun factor--indent-line ()
   "Indent current line as Factor code"
-  (indent-line-to (+ (current-indentation) 4)))
+  (let ((target (factor--calculate-indentation))
+        (pos (- (point-max) (point))))
+    (if (= target (current-indentation))
+        (if (< (current-column) (current-indentation))
+            (back-to-indentation))
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (delete-horizontal-space)
+      (indent-to target)
+      (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
+          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))))
 
+
+;; Factor mode:
+(defvar factor-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+  "Key map used by Factor mode.")
+
+(defsubst factor--beginning-of-defun (&optional times)
+  (re-search-backward factor--regex-begin-of-def nil t times))
+
+(defsubst factor--end-of-defun ()
+  (re-search-forward factor--regex-end-of-def nil t))
+
+;;;###autoload
 (defun factor-mode ()
-  "A mode for editing programs written in the Factor programming language."
+  "A mode for editing programs written in the Factor programming language.
+\\{factor-mode-map}"
   (interactive)
   (kill-all-local-variables)
   (use-local-map factor-mode-map)
   (setq major-mode 'factor-mode)
   (setq mode-name "Factor")
-  (set (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) #'factor-indent-line)
-  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
-  (setq comment-start "! ")
-  (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
-  (setq font-lock-defaults
-	'(factor-font-lock-keywords nil nil nil nil))
+  ;; Font locking
+  (set (make-local-variable 'comment-start) "! ")
+  (set (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-lookup-properties) t)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-comment-face) 'factor-font-lock-comment)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-string-face) 'factor-font-lock-string)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
+       `(factor--font-lock-keywords
+         nil nil nil nil
+         (font-lock-syntactic-keywords . ,factor--font-lock-syntactic-keywords)))
+
   (set-syntax-table factor-mode-syntax-table)
-  (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function)
-  (setq indent-line-function 'factor-indent-line)
+  ;; Defun navigation
+  (set (make-local-variable 'beginning-of-defun-function) 'factor--beginning-of-defun)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'end-of-defun-function) 'factor--end-of-defun)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start) nil)
+  ;; Indentation
+  (set (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) 'factor--indent-line)
+  (setq factor-indent-width (factor--guess-indent-width))
+  (setq indent-tabs-mode nil)
+  ;; ElDoc
+  (set (make-local-variable 'eldoc-documentation-function) 'factor--eldoc)
+
   (run-hooks 'factor-mode-hook))
 
 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.factor\\'" . factor-mode))
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;;; Factor listener mode:
 
-(require 'comint)
+;;;###autoload
+(define-derived-mode factor-listener-mode comint-mode "Factor Listener"
+  "Major mode for interacting with an inferior Factor listener process.
+\\{factor-listener-mode-map}"
+  (set (make-local-variable 'comint-prompt-regexp) "^( [^)]+ ) "))
 
-(defvar factor-binary "~/factor/factor")
-(defvar factor-image "~/factor/factor.image")
+(defvar factor--listener-buffer nil
+  "The buffer in which the Factor listener is running.")
+
+(defun factor--listener-start-process ()
+  "Start an inferior Factor listener process, using
+`factor-binary' and `factor-image'."
+  (setq factor--listener-buffer
+        (apply 'make-comint "factor" (expand-file-name factor-binary) nil
+               `("-run=listener" ,(format "-i=%s" (expand-file-name factor-image)))))
+  (with-current-buffer factor--listener-buffer
+    (factor-listener-mode)))
+
+(defun factor--listener-process (&optional start)
+  (or (and (buffer-live-p factor--listener-buffer)
+           (get-buffer-process factor--listener-buffer))
+      (if (not start)
+          (error "No running factor listener. Try M-x run-factor.")
+        (factor--listener-start-process)
+        (factor--listener-process t))))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defalias 'switch-to-factor 'run-factor)
+;;;###autoload
+(defun run-factor (&optional arg)
+  "Show the factor-listener buffer, starting the process if needed."
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((buf (process-buffer (factor--listener-process t)))
+        (pop-up-windows factor-listener-window-allow-split))
+    (if factor-listener-use-other-window
+        (pop-to-buffer buf)
+      (switch-to-buffer buf))))
 
 (defun factor-telnet-to-port (port)
   (interactive "nPort: ")
@@ -144,26 +585,159 @@
   (interactive)
   (factor-telnet-to-port 9010))
 
+
+;;; Factor listener interaction:
+
+(defun factor--listener-send-cmd (cmd)
+  (let ((proc (factor--listener-process)))
+    (when proc
+      (let* ((out (get-buffer-create "*factor messages*"))
+             (beg (with-current-buffer out (goto-char (point-max)))))
+        (comint-redirect-send-command-to-process cmd out proc nil t)
+        (with-current-buffer factor--listener-buffer
+          (while (not comint-redirect-completed) (sleep-for 0 1)))
+        (with-current-buffer out
+          (split-string (buffer-substring-no-properties beg (point-max))
+                        "[\"\f\n\r\v]+" t))))))
+
+;;;;; Current vocabulary:
+(make-variable-buffer-local
+ (defvar factor--current-vocab nil
+   "Current vocabulary."))
+
+(defconst factor--regexp-current-vocab "^IN: +\\([^ \r\n\f]+\\)")
+
+(defun factor--current-buffer-vocab ()
+  (save-excursion
+    (when (or (re-search-backward factor--regexp-current-vocab nil t)
+              (re-search-forward factor--regexp-current-vocab nil t))
+      (setq factor--current-vocab (match-string-no-properties 1)))))
+
+(defun factor--current-listener-vocab ()
+  (car (factor--listener-send-cmd "USING: parser ; in get .")))
+
+(defun factor--set-current-listener-vocab (&optional vocab)
+  (factor--listener-send-cmd
+   (format "IN: %s" (or vocab (factor--current-buffer-vocab))))
+  t)
+
+(defmacro factor--with-vocab (vocab &rest body)
+  (let ((current (make-symbol "current")))
+    `(let ((,current (factor--current-listener-vocab)))
+       (factor--set-current-listener-vocab ,vocab)
+       (prog1 (condition-case nil (progn . ,body) (error nil))
+         (factor--set-current-listener-vocab ,current)))))
+
+(put 'factor--with-vocab 'lisp-indent-function 1)
+
+;;;;; Synchronous interaction:
+
+(defsubst factor--listener-vocab-cmds (cmds &optional vocab)
+  (factor--with-vocab vocab
+    (mapcar #'factor--listener-send-cmd cmds)))
+
+(defsubst factor--listener-vocab-cmd (cmd &optional vocab)
+  (factor--with-vocab vocab
+    (factor--listener-send-cmd cmd)))
+
+
+;;;;; Buffer cycling and docs
+
+
+(defconst factor--cycle-endings
+  '(".factor" "-tests.factor" "-docs.factor"))
+
+(defconst factor--regex-cycle-endings
+  (format "\\(.*?\\)\\(%s\\)$"
+          (regexp-opt factor--cycle-endings)))
+
+(defconst factor--cycle-endings-ring
+  (let ((ring (make-ring (length factor--cycle-endings))))
+    (dolist (e factor--cycle-endings ring)
+      (ring-insert ring e))))
+
+(defun factor--cycle-next (file)
+  (let* ((match (string-match factor--regex-cycle-endings file))
+         (base (and match (match-string-no-properties 1 file)))
+         (ending (and match (match-string-no-properties 2 file)))
+         (idx (and ending (ring-member factor--cycle-endings-ring ending)))
+         (gfl (lambda (i) (concat base (ring-ref factor--cycle-endings-ring i)))))
+    (if (not idx) file
+      (let ((l (length factor--cycle-endings)) (i 1) next)
+        (while (and (not next) (< i l))
+          (when (file-exists-p (funcall gfl (+ idx i)))
+            (setq next (+ idx i)))
+          (setq i (1+ i)))
+        (funcall gfl (or next idx))))))
+
+(defun factor-visit-other-file (&optional file)
+  "Cycle between code, tests and docs factor files."
+  (interactive)
+  (find-file (factor--cycle-next (or file (buffer-file-name)))))
+
+
+;;;;; Interface: See
+
+(defconst factor--regex-error-marker "^Type :help for debugging")
+(defconst factor--regex-data-stack "^--- Data stack:")
+
+(defun factor--prune-ans-strings (ans)
+  (nreverse
+   (catch 'done
+     (let ((res))
+       (dolist (a ans res)
+         (cond ((string-match factor--regex-stack-effect a)
+                (throw 'done (cons a res)))
+               ((string-match factor--regex-data-stack a)
+                (throw 'done res))
+               ((string-match factor--regex-error-marker a)
+                (throw 'done nil))
+               (t (push a res))))))))
+
+(defun factor--see-ans-to-string (ans)
+  (let ((s (mapconcat #'identity (factor--prune-ans-strings ans) " "))
+        (font-lock-verbose nil))
+    (and (> (length s) 0)
+         (with-temp-buffer
+           (insert s)
+           (factor-mode)
+           (font-lock-fontify-buffer)
+           (buffer-string)))))
+
+(defun factor--see-current-word (&optional word)
+  (let ((word (or word (factor--symbol-at-point))))
+    (when word
+      (let ((answer (factor--listener-send-cmd (format "\\ %s see" word))))
+        (and answer (factor--see-ans-to-string answer))))))
+
+(defalias 'factor--eldoc 'factor--see-current-word)
+
+(defun factor-see-current-word (&optional word)
+  "Echo in the minibuffer information about word at point."
+  (interactive)
+  (let* ((proc (factor--listener-process))
+         (word (or word (factor--symbol-at-point)))
+         (msg (factor--see-current-word word)))
+    (if msg (message "%s" msg)
+      (if word (message "No help found for '%s'" word)
+        (message "No word at point")))))
+
+;;; to fix:
 (defun factor-run-file ()
   (interactive)
   (when (and (buffer-modified-p)
-			 (y-or-n-p (format "Save file %s? " (buffer-file-name))))
-	(save-buffer))
+             (y-or-n-p (format "Save file %s? " (buffer-file-name))))
+    (save-buffer))
   (when factor-display-compilation-output
-	(factor-display-output-buffer))
+    (factor-display-output-buffer))
   (comint-send-string "*factor*" (format "\"%s\"" (buffer-file-name)))
   (comint-send-string "*factor*" " run-file\n"))
 
 (defun factor-display-output-buffer ()
   (with-current-buffer "*factor*"
-	(goto-char (point-max))
-	(unless (get-buffer-window (current-buffer) t)
-	  (display-buffer (current-buffer) t))))
-
-;; (defun factor-send-region (start end)
-;;   (interactive "r")
-;;   (comint-send-region "*factor*" start end)
-;;   (comint-send-string "*factor*" "\n"))
+    (goto-char (point-max))
+    (unless (get-buffer-window (current-buffer) t)
+      (display-buffer (current-buffer) t))))
 
 (defun factor-send-string (str)
   (let ((n (length (split-string str "\n"))))
@@ -190,18 +764,6 @@
   (factor-send-region (search-backward ":")
                       (search-forward  ";")))
 
-(defun factor-see ()
-  (interactive)
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" "\\ ")
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" (thing-at-point 'sexp))
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" " see\n"))
-
-(defun factor-help ()
-  (interactive)
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" "\\ ")
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" (thing-at-point 'sexp))
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" " help\n"))
-
 (defun factor-edit ()
   (interactive)
   (comint-send-string "*factor*" "\\ ")
@@ -217,98 +779,139 @@
   (beginning-of-line)
   (insert "! "))
 
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-c\C-f" 'factor-run-file)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-c\C-r" 'factor-send-region)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-c\C-d" 'factor-send-definition)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-c\C-s" 'factor-see)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-ce"    'factor-edit)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-c\C-h" 'factor-help)
-(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-cc"    'comment-region)
-(define-key factor-mode-map [return]   'newline-and-indent)
-(define-key factor-mode-map [tab]      'indent-for-tab-command)
+
+;;;; Factor help mode:
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; indentation
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+(defvar factor-help-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+  "Keymap for Factor help mode.")
 
-(defconst factor-word-starting-keywords
-  '("" ":" "TUPLE" "MACRO" "MACRO:" "M"))
+(defconst factor--help-headlines
+  (regexp-opt '("Definition"
+                "Examples"
+                "Generic word contract"
+                "Inputs and outputs"
+                "Parent topics:"
+                "See also"
+                "Syntax"
+                "Vocabulary"
+                "Warning"
+                "Word description")
+              t))
 
-(defmacro factor-word-start-re (keywords)
-  `(format
-    "^\\(%s\\): "
-    (mapconcat 'identity ,keywords "\\|")))
+(defconst factor--help-headlines-regexp (format "^%s" factor--help-headlines))
 
-(defun factor-calculate-indentation ()
-  "Calculate Factor indentation for line at point."
-  (let ((not-indented t)
-        (cur-indent 0))
-    (save-excursion
-      (beginning-of-line)
-      (if (bobp)
-          (setq cur-indent 0)
-        (save-excursion
-          (while not-indented
-            ;; Check that we are inside open brackets
-            (save-excursion
-              (let ((cur-depth (factor-brackets-depth)))
-                (forward-line -1)
-                (setq cur-indent (+ (current-indentation)
-                                    (* default-tab-width
-                                       (- cur-depth (factor-brackets-depth)))))
-                (setq not-indented nil)))
-            (forward-line -1)
-              ;; Check that we are after the end of previous word
-              (if (looking-at ".*;[ \t]*$")
-                  (progn
-                    (setq cur-indent (- (current-indentation) default-tab-width))
-                    (setq not-indented nil))
-                ;; Check that we are after the start of word
-                (if (looking-at (factor-word-start-re factor-word-starting-keywords))
-;                (if (looking-at "^[A-Z:]*: ")
-                    (progn
-                      (message "inword")
-                      (setq cur-indent (+ (current-indentation) default-tab-width))
-                      (setq not-indented nil))
-                  (if (bobp)
-                      (setq not-indented nil))))))))
-    cur-indent))
+(defconst factor--help-font-lock-keywords
+  `((,factor--help-headlines-regexp . 'factor-font-lock-help-mode-headlines)
+    ,@factor--font-lock-keywords))
 
-(defun factor-brackets-depth ()
-  "Returns number of brackets, not closed on previous lines."
-  (syntax-ppss-depth
-   (save-excursion
-     (syntax-ppss (line-beginning-position)))))
+(defun factor-help-mode ()
+  "Major mode for displaying Factor help messages.
+\\{factor-help-mode-map}"
+  (interactive)
+  (kill-all-local-variables)
+  (use-local-map factor-help-mode-map)
+  (setq mode-name "Factor Help")
+  (setq major-mode 'factor-help-mode)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
+       '(factor--help-font-lock-keywords t nil nil nil))
+  (set (make-local-variable 'comint-redirect-subvert-readonly) t)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'comint-redirect-echo-input) nil)
+  (set (make-local-variable 'view-no-disable-on-exit) t)
+  (view-mode)
+  (setq view-exit-action
+        (lambda (buffer)
+          ;; Use `with-current-buffer' to make sure that `bury-buffer'
+          ;; also removes BUFFER from the selected window.
+          (with-current-buffer buffer
+            (bury-buffer))))
+  (run-mode-hooks 'factor-help-mode-hook))
 
-(defun factor-indent-line ()
-  "Indent current line as Factor code"
-  (let ((target (factor-calculate-indentation))
-        (pos (- (point-max) (point))))
-    (if (= target (current-indentation))
-        (if (< (current-column) (current-indentation))
-            (back-to-indentation))
-      (beginning-of-line)
-      (delete-horizontal-space)
-      (indent-to target)
-      (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
-          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))))
+(defun factor--listener-help-buffer ()
+  (with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create "*factor-help*")
+    (let ((inhibit-read-only t)) (erase-buffer))
+    (factor-help-mode)
+    (current-buffer)))
 
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; factor-listener-mode
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+(defvar factor--help-history nil)
 
-(define-derived-mode factor-listener-mode comint-mode "Factor Listener")
+(defun factor--listener-show-help (&optional see)
+  (let* ((proc (factor--listener-process))
+         (def (factor--symbol-at-point))
+         (prompt (format "See%s help on%s: " (if see " short" "")
+                         (if def (format " (%s)" def) "")))
+         (ask (or (not (eq major-mode 'factor-mode))
+                  (not def)
+                  factor-help-always-ask))
+         (cmd (format "\\ %s %s"
+                      (if ask (read-string prompt nil 'factor--help-history def) def)
+                      (if see "see" "help")))
+         (hb (factor--listener-help-buffer)))
+    (comint-redirect-send-command-to-process cmd hb proc nil)
+    (pop-to-buffer hb)
+    (beginning-of-buffer hb)))
+
+;;;; Interface: see/help commands
+
+(defun factor-see (&optional arg)
+  "See a help summary of symbol at point.
+By default, the information is shown in the minibuffer. When
+called with a prefix argument, the information is displayed in a
+separate help buffer."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (if factor-help-use-minibuffer (not arg) arg)
+      (factor-see-current-word)
+    (factor--listener-show-help t)))
+
+(defun factor-help ()
+  "Show extended help about the symbol at point, using a help
+buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (factor--listener-show-help))
+
+
+
+(defun factor-refresh-all ()
+  "Reload source files and documentation for all loaded
+vocabularies which have been modified on disk."
+  (interactive)
+  (comint-send-string "*factor*" "refresh-all\n"))
+
+
+;;; Key bindings:
+
+(defun factor--define-key (key cmd &optional both)
+  (let ((ms (list factor-mode-map)))
+    (when both (push factor-help-mode-map ms))
+    (dolist (m ms)
+      (define-key m (vector '(control ?c) key) cmd)
+      (define-key m (vector '(control ?c) `(control ,key)) cmd))))
+
+(defun factor--define-auto-indent-key (key)
+  (define-key factor-mode-map (vector key)
+    (lambda (n)
+      (interactive "p")
+      (self-insert-command n)
+      (indent-for-tab-command))))
+
+(factor--define-key ?f 'factor-run-file)
+(factor--define-key ?r 'factor-send-region)
+(factor--define-key ?d 'factor-send-definition)
+(factor--define-key ?s 'factor-see t)
+(factor--define-key ?e 'factor-edit)
+(factor--define-key ?z 'switch-to-factor t)
+(factor--define-key ?o 'factor-visit-other-file)
+(factor--define-key ?c 'comment-region)
+
+(factor--define-auto-indent-key ?\])
+(factor--define-auto-indent-key ?\})
+
+(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-ch" 'factor-help)
+(define-key factor-help-mode-map "\C-ch" 'factor-help)
+(define-key factor-mode-map "\C-m" 'newline-and-indent)
 
 (define-key factor-listener-mode-map [f8] 'factor-refresh-all)
 
-(defun run-factor ()
-  (interactive)
-  (switch-to-buffer
-   (make-comint-in-buffer "factor" nil (expand-file-name factor-binary) nil
-			  (concat "-i=" (expand-file-name factor-image))
-			  "-run=listener"))
-  (factor-listener-mode))
 
-(defun factor-refresh-all ()
-  (interactive)
-  (comint-send-string "*factor*" "refresh-all\n"))
+
+(provide 'factor)
+;;; factor.el ends here
diff --git a/unfinished/vocab-browser/vocab-browser.factor b/unfinished/vocab-browser/vocab-browser.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index cec2dd21e7..0000000000
--- a/unfinished/vocab-browser/vocab-browser.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,310 +0,0 @@
-
-USING: kernel words accessors
-       classes
-       classes.builtin
-       classes.tuple
-       classes.predicate
-       vocabs
-       arrays
-       sequences sorting
-       io help.markup
-       effects
-       generic
-       prettyprint
-       prettyprint.sections
-       prettyprint.backend
-       combinators.cleave
-       obj.print ;
-
-IN: vocab-browser
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: word-effect-as-string ( word -- string )
-  stack-effect dup
-    [ effect>string ]
-    [ drop "" ]
-  if ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: print-vocabulary-summary ( vocabulary -- )
-
-  dup vocab words [ builtin-class? ] filter natural-sort
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop ]
-    [
-      "Builtin Classes" $heading nl
-      print-seq
-    ]
-  if
-
-  dup vocab words [ tuple-class? ] filter natural-sort
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop ]
-    [
-      "Tuple Classes" $heading nl
-      [
-        { [ ] [ superclass ] [ "slots" word-prop [ name>> ] map " " join ] }
-        1arr
-      ]
-      map
-      { "CLASS" "PARENT" "SLOTS" } prefix
-      print-table
-    ]
-  if
-
-  dup vocab words [ predicate-class? ] filter natural-sort
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop ]
-    [
-      "Predicate Classes" $heading nl
-      ! [ pprint-class ] each
-      [ { [ ] [ superclass ] } 1arr ] map
-      { "CLASS" "SUPERCLASS" } prefix
-      print-table
-    ]
-  if
-
-  dup vocab words [ class? not ] filter [ symbol? ] filter natural-sort
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop ]
-    [
-      "Symbols" $heading nl
-      print-seq
-    ]
-  if
-
-  dup vocab words [ generic? ] filter natural-sort
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop ]
-    [
-      "Generic words" $heading nl
-      [ [ ] [ stack-effect effect>string ] bi 2array ] map
-      print-table
-    ]
-  if
-
-  "Words" $heading nl
-  dup vocab words
-    [ predicate-class? not ] filter
-    [ builtin-class?   not ] filter
-    [ tuple-class?     not ] filter
-    [ generic?         not ] filter
-    [ symbol?          not ] filter
-    [ word?                ] filter
-    natural-sort
-    [ [ ] [ word-effect-as-string ] bi 2array ] map
-  print-table
-
-  drop ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-USING: vocabs.loader tools.vocabs.browser ;
-
-: $vocab-summary ( seq -- )
-  first
-  dup vocab
-    [
-      dup print-vocabulary-summary
-      dup describe-help
-      ! dup describe-uses
-      ! dup describe-usage
-    ]
-  when
-  dup find-vocab-root
-    [
-      dup describe-summary
-      dup describe-tags
-      dup describe-authors
-      ! dup describe-files
-    ]
-  when
-  ! dup describe-children
-  drop ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-USING: assocs ui.tools.browser ui.operations io.styles ;
-
-! IN: tools.vocabs.browser
-
-! : $describe-vocab ( element -- ) $vocab-summary ;
-
-USING: tools.vocabs ;
-
-: print-vocabs ( -- )
-  vocabs
-    [ { [ vocab ] [ vocab-summary ] } 1arr ]
-  map
-  print-table ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-! : $all-vocabs ( seq -- ) drop print-vocabs ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-USING: help.syntax help.topics ;
-
-! ARTICLE: "vocab-index" "Vocabulary Index" { $all-vocabs } ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-M: vocab-spec article-content ( vocab-spec -- content )
-   { $vocab-summary } swap name>> suffix ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: loaded-and-unloaded-vocabs ( -- seq )
-  "" all-child-vocabs values concat [ name>> ] map ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-! ARTICLE: "loaded-vocabs-index" "Loaded Vocabularies" { $loaded-vocabs } ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-USING: debugger ;
-
-TUPLE: load-this-vocab name ;
-
-! : do-load-vocab ( ltv -- )
-!   dup name>> require
-!   name>> vocab com-follow ;
-
-: do-load-vocab ( ltv -- )
-  [
-    dup name>> require
-    name>> vocab com-follow
-  ]
-  curry
-  try ;
-
-[ load-this-vocab? ] \ do-load-vocab { { +primary+ t } } define-operation
-
-M: load-this-vocab pprint* ( obj -- )
-   [ name>> "*" append ] [ ] bi write-object ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: vocab-or-loader ( name -- obj )
-  dup vocab
-    [ vocab ]
-    [ load-this-vocab boa ]
-  if ;
-
-: vocab-summary-text ( vocab-name -- text )
-  dup vocab-summary-path vocab-file-contents
-  dup empty?
-    [ drop "" ]
-    [ first   ]
-  if ;
-
-! : vocab-table-entry ( vocab-name -- seq )
-!   { [ vocab-or-loader ] [ vocab-summary ] } 1arr ;
-
-: vocab-table-entry ( vocab-name -- seq )
-  { [ vocab-or-loader ] [ vocab-summary-text ] } 1arr ;
-
-: print-these-vocabs ( seq -- ) [ vocab-table-entry ] map print-table ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-! : vocab-list ( -- seq ) "" all-child-vocabs values concat [ name>> ] map ;
-
-: all-vocab-names ( -- seq )
-  all-vocabs values concat [ name>> ] map natural-sort ;
-
-: loaded-vocab-names ( -- seq ) all-vocab-names [ vocab ] filter ;
-
-: unloaded-vocab-names ( -- seq ) all-vocab-names [ vocab not ] filter ;
-
-: root->names ( root -- seq ) all-vocabs at [ name>> ] map natural-sort ;
-
-: vocab-names-core  ( -- seq ) "resource:core"  root->names ;
-: vocab-names-basis ( -- seq ) "resource:basis" root->names ;
-: vocab-names-extra ( -- seq ) "resource:extra" root->names ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-: $all-vocabs      ( seq -- ) drop all-vocab-names      print-these-vocabs ;
-: $loaded-vocabs   ( seq -- ) drop loaded-vocab-names   print-these-vocabs ;
-: $unloaded-vocabs ( seq -- ) drop unloaded-vocab-names print-these-vocabs ;
-
-: $vocabs-core     ( seq -- ) drop vocab-names-core     print-these-vocabs ;
-: $vocabs-basis    ( seq -- ) drop vocab-names-basis    print-these-vocabs ;
-: $vocabs-extra    ( seq -- ) drop vocab-names-extra    print-these-vocabs ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-! { "" }
-
-! all-child-vocabs values concat [ name>> ] map
-
-! : vocab-tree ( vocab -- seq )
-!   dup
-!   all-child-vocabs values concat [ name>> ] map prune
-!   [ vocab-tree ]
-!   map
-!   concat
-!   swap prefix
-!   [ vocab-source-path ] filter ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-M: vocab-author pprint* ( vocab-author -- ) [ name>> ] [ ] bi write-object ;
-
-: $vocab-authors ( seq -- )
-  drop all-authors [ vocab-author boa ] map print-seq ;
-
-ARTICLE: "vocab-authors" "Vocabulary Authors" { $vocab-authors } ;
-
-: vocabs-by-author ( author -- vocab-names )
-  authored values concat [ name>> ] map ;
-
-: $vocabs-by-author ( seq -- )
-  first name>> vocabs-by-author print-these-vocabs ;
-
-M: vocab-author article-content ( vocab-author -- content )
-   { $vocabs-by-author } swap suffix ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-M: vocab-tag pprint* ( vocab-tag -- ) [ name>> ] [ ] bi write-object ;
-
-: print-vocab-tags ( -- ) all-tags [ vocab-tag boa ] map print-seq ;
-
-: $vocab-tags ( seq -- ) drop print-vocab-tags ;
-
-ARTICLE: "vocab-tags" "Vocabulary Tags" { $vocab-tags } ;
-
-: $vocabs-with-tag ( seq -- )
-  first tagged values concat [ name>> ] map print-these-vocabs ;
-
-M: vocab-tag article-content ( vocab-tag -- content )
-   name>> { $vocabs-with-tag } swap suffix ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-all"      "All Vocabularies"      { $all-vocabs    } ;
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-loaded"   "Loaded Vocabularies"   { $loaded-vocabs } ;
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-unloaded" "Unloaded Vocabularies" { $loaded-vocabs } ;
-
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-core"      "Core Vocabularies"    { $vocabs-core   } ;
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-basis"     "Basis Vocabularies"   { $vocabs-basis  } ;
-ARTICLE: "vocab-index-extra"     "Extra Vocabularies"   { $vocabs-extra  } ;
-
-ARTICLE: "vocab-indices" "Vocabulary Indices"
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-core"     }
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-basis"    }
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-extra"    }
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-all"      }
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-loaded"   }
-  { $subsection "vocab-index-unloaded" }
-  { $subsection "vocab-authors"        }
-  { $subsection "vocab-tags"           } ;
-
-! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
diff --git a/extra/bunny/authors.txt b/unmaintained/bunny/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/bunny/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/bunny/bun_zipper.ply b/unmaintained/bunny/bun_zipper.ply
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/bun_zipper.ply
rename to unmaintained/bunny/bun_zipper.ply
diff --git a/extra/bunny/bunny.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/bunny.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/bunny.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/bunny.factor
diff --git a/extra/bunny/cel-shaded/cel-shaded.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/cel-shaded/cel-shaded.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/cel-shaded/cel-shaded.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/cel-shaded/cel-shaded.factor
diff --git a/extra/bunny/deploy.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/deploy.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/deploy.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/deploy.factor
diff --git a/extra/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor
similarity index 80%
rename from extra/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor
index 0bad9cc943..fd420d0b7d 100644
--- a/extra/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/bunny/fixed-pipeline/fixed-pipeline.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 USING: alien.c-types continuations destructors kernel
-opengl opengl.gl bunny.model ;
+opengl opengl.gl bunny.model specialized-arrays.float ;
 IN: bunny.fixed-pipeline
 
 TUPLE: bunny-fixed-pipeline ;
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ M: bunny-fixed-pipeline draw-bunny
     GL_LIGHTING glEnable
     GL_LIGHT0 glEnable
     GL_COLOR_MATERIAL glEnable
-    GL_LIGHT0 GL_POSITION { 1.0 -1.0 1.0 1.0 } >c-float-array glLightfv
+    GL_LIGHT0 GL_POSITION float-array{ 1.0 -1.0 1.0 1.0 } underlying>> glLightfv
     GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_SHININESS 100.0 glMaterialf
     GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_SPECULAR glColorMaterial
     GL_FRONT_AND_BACK GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE glColorMaterial
diff --git a/extra/bunny/model/model.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/model/model.factor
similarity index 87%
rename from extra/bunny/model/model.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/model/model.factor
index 32312aed89..c9d109cb71 100755
--- a/extra/bunny/model/model.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/bunny/model/model.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-USING: accessors alien.c-types arrays combinators destructors http.client
-io io.encodings.ascii io.files kernel math math.matrices math.parser
-math.vectors opengl opengl.capabilities opengl.gl sequences sequences.lib
-splitting vectors words ;
+USING: accessors alien.c-types arrays combinators destructors
+http.client io io.encodings.ascii io.files kernel math
+math.matrices math.parser math.vectors opengl
+opengl.capabilities opengl.gl opengl.demo-support sequences
+sequences.lib splitting vectors words
+specialized-arrays.double specialized-arrays.uint ;
 IN: bunny.model
 
 : numbers ( str -- seq )
@@ -64,11 +66,11 @@ TUPLE: bunny-buffers array element-array nv ni ;
     {
         [
             [ first concat ] [ second concat ] bi
-            append >c-float-array
+            append >double-array underlying>>
             GL_ARRAY_BUFFER swap GL_STATIC_DRAW <gl-buffer>
         ]
         [
-            third concat >c-uint-array
+            third concat >uint-array underlying>>
             GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER swap GL_STATIC_DRAW <gl-buffer>
         ]
         [ first length 3 * ]
diff --git a/extra/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor b/unmaintained/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor
similarity index 98%
rename from extra/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor
rename to unmaintained/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor
index cd67b8b33e..6117a0fdea 100755
--- a/extra/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/bunny/outlined/outlined.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 USING: arrays bunny.model bunny.cel-shaded continuations
 destructors kernel math multiline opengl opengl.shaders
-opengl.framebuffers opengl.gl opengl.capabilities sequences
-ui.gadgets combinators accessors ;
+opengl.framebuffers opengl.gl opengl.demo-support
+opengl.capabilities sequences ui.gadgets combinators accessors ;
 IN: bunny.outlined
 
 STRING: outlined-pass1-fragment-shader-main-source
diff --git a/extra/bunny/summary.txt b/unmaintained/bunny/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/bunny/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/bunny/tags.txt b/unmaintained/bunny/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/bunny/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/bunny/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/boids/ui/authors.txt b/unmaintained/factory/authors.txt
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/boids/ui/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/factory/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/factory/authors.txt b/unmaintained/factory/commands/authors.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/factory/commands/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/factory/commands/commands.factor b/unmaintained/factory/commands/commands.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/commands/commands.factor
rename to unmaintained/factory/commands/commands.factor
diff --git a/extra/factory/factory-menus b/unmaintained/factory/factory-menus
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/factory-menus
rename to unmaintained/factory/factory-menus
diff --git a/extra/factory/factory-rc b/unmaintained/factory/factory-rc
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/factory-rc
rename to unmaintained/factory/factory-rc
diff --git a/extra/factory/factory.factor b/unmaintained/factory/factory.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/factory.factor
rename to unmaintained/factory/factory.factor
diff --git a/extra/factory/commands/authors.txt b/unmaintained/factory/load/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/commands/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/factory/load/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/factory/load/load.factor b/unmaintained/factory/load/load.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/load/load.factor
rename to unmaintained/factory/load/load.factor
diff --git a/extra/factory/summary.txt b/unmaintained/factory/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/factory/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/factory/tags.txt b/unmaintained/factory/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/factory/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/factory/load/authors.txt b/unmaintained/geom/dim/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/factory/load/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/geom/dim/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/geom/dim/dim.factor b/unmaintained/geom/dim/dim.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/dim/dim.factor
rename to unmaintained/geom/dim/dim.factor
diff --git a/extra/geom/dim/authors.txt b/unmaintained/geom/pos/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/dim/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/geom/pos/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/geom/pos/pos.factor b/unmaintained/geom/pos/pos.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/pos/pos.factor
rename to unmaintained/geom/pos/pos.factor
diff --git a/extra/geom/pos/authors.txt b/unmaintained/geom/rect/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/pos/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/geom/rect/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/geom/rect/rect.factor b/unmaintained/geom/rect/rect.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/rect/rect.factor
rename to unmaintained/geom/rect/rect.factor
diff --git a/extra/geom/rect/authors.txt b/unmaintained/golden-section/authors.txt
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/geom/rect/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/golden-section/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/golden-section/deploy.factor b/unmaintained/golden-section/deploy.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/golden-section/deploy.factor
rename to unmaintained/golden-section/deploy.factor
diff --git a/extra/golden-section/golden-section.factor b/unmaintained/golden-section/golden-section.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/golden-section/golden-section.factor
rename to unmaintained/golden-section/golden-section.factor
diff --git a/extra/golden-section/summary.txt b/unmaintained/golden-section/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/golden-section/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/golden-section/summary.txt
diff --git a/unmaintained/golden-section/tags.txt b/unmaintained/golden-section/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb5fc203e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/golden-section/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+demos
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/load.factor b/unmaintained/io/load.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index ac9b9542c5..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/load.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-USING: kernel ;
-
-REQUIRES: libs/calendar libs/shuffle ;
-
-PROVIDE: libs/io
-{ +files+ {
-    "io.factor"
-    "mmap.factor"
-    "shell.factor"
-    { "os-unix.factor" [ unix? ] }
-    { "os-unix-shell.factor" [ unix? ] }
-    { "mmap-os-unix.factor" [ unix? ] }
-
-    { "os-winnt.factor" [ winnt? ] }
-    { "os-winnt-shell.factor" [ winnt? ] }
-    { "mmap-os-winnt.factor" [ winnt? ] }
-
-    { "os-wince.factor" [ wince? ] }
-} }
-{ +tests+ {
-    "test/io.factor"
-    "test/mmap.factor"
-} } ;
-
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/os-unix-shell.factor b/unmaintained/io/os-unix-shell.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c3919ddb2..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/os-unix-shell.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-USING: arrays kernel libs-io sequences prettyprint unix-internals
-calendar namespaces math ;
-USE: io
-IN: shell
-
-TUPLE: unix-shell ;
-
-T{ unix-shell } \ shell set-global
-
-TUPLE: file name mode nlink uid gid size mtime symbol ;
-
-M: unix-shell directory* ( path -- seq )
-    dup (directory) [ tuck >r "/" r> 3append stat* 2array ] map-with ;
-
-M: unix-shell make-file ( path -- file )
-    first2
-    [ stat-mode ] keep
-    [ stat-nlink ] keep
-    [ stat-uid ] keep
-    [ stat-gid ] keep
-    [ stat-size ] keep
-    [ stat-mtime timespec>timestamp >local-time ] keep
-    stat-mode mode>symbol <file> ;
-
-M: unix-shell file. ( file -- )
-    [ [ file-mode >oct write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-nlink unparse write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-uid unparse write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-gid unparse write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-size unparse write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-mtime file-time-string write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ file-name write ] with-cell ;
-
-USE: unix-internals
-M: unix-shell touch-file ( path -- )
-    dup open-append dup -1 = [
-        drop now dup set-file-times
-    ] [
-        nip [ now dup set-file-times* ] keep close
-    ] if ;
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/os-unix.factor b/unmaintained/io/os-unix.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 280908b406..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/os-unix.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-! Copyright (C) 2007 Doug Coleman.
-! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: alien arrays calendar errors io io-internals kernel
-math nonblocking-io sequences unix-internals unix-io ;
-IN: libs-io
-
-: O_APPEND  HEX: 100 ; inline
-: O_EXCL    HEX: 800 ; inline
-: SEEK_SET 0 ; inline
-: SEEK_CUR 1 ; inline
-: SEEK_END 2 ; inline
-: EEXIST 17 ; inline
-
-: mode>symbol ( mode -- ch )
-    S_IFMT bitand
-    {
-        { [ dup S_IFDIR = ] [ drop "/" ] }
-        { [ dup S_IFIFO = ] [ drop "|" ] }
-        { [ dup S_IXUSR = ] [ drop "*" ] }
-        { [ dup S_IFLNK = ] [ drop "@" ] }
-        { [ dup S_IFWHT = ] [ drop "%" ] }
-        { [ dup S_IFSOCK = ] [ drop "=" ] }
-        { [ t ] [ drop "" ] }
-    } cond ;
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/os-winnt-shell.factor b/unmaintained/io/os-winnt-shell.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index a2be22daf8..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/os-winnt-shell.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-USING: alien calendar io io-internals kernel libs-io math
-namespaces prettyprint sequences windows-api ;
-IN: shell
-
-TUPLE: winnt-shell ;
-
-T{ winnt-shell } \ shell set-global
-
-TUPLE: file name size mtime attributes ;
-
-: ((directory*)) ( handle -- )
-    "WIN32_FIND_DATA" <c-object> [ FindNextFile ] 2keep
-    rot zero? [ 2drop ] [ , ((directory*)) ] if ;
-
-: (directory*) ( path -- )
-    "WIN32_FIND_DATA" <c-object> [
-        FindFirstFile dup INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = [
-            win32-error
-        ] when
-    ] keep ,
-    [ ((directory*)) ] keep FindClose win32-error=0/f ;
-
-: append-star ( path -- path )
-    dup peek CHAR: \\ = "*" "\\*" ? append ;
-
-M: winnt-shell directory* ( path -- seq )
-    normalize-pathname append-star [ (directory*) ] { } make ;
-
-: WIN32_FIND_DATA>file-size ( WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA -- n )
-    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-nFileSizeLow ] keep
-    WIN32_FIND_DATA-nFileSizeHigh 32 shift + ; 
-
-M: winnt-shell make-file ( WIN32_FIND_DATA -- file )
-    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA-cFileName alien>u16-string ] keep
-    [ WIN32_FIND_DATA>file-size ] keep
-    [
-        WIN32_FIND_DATA-ftCreationTime
-        FILETIME>timestamp >local-time
-    ] keep
-    WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes <file> ;
-
-M: winnt-shell file. ( file -- )
-    [ [ file-attributes >oct write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-size unparse write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ [ file-mtime file-time-string write ] keep ] with-cell
-    [ bl ] with-cell
-    [ file-name write ] with-cell ;
-
-M: winnt-shell touch-file ( path -- )
-    #! Set the file write time to 'now'
-    normalize-pathname
-    dup maybe-create-file [ drop ] [ now set-file-write-time ] if ;
-
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/os-winnt.factor b/unmaintained/io/os-winnt.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 971ae79097..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/os-winnt.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-USING: alien calendar errors generic io io-internals kernel
-math namespaces nonblocking-io parser quotations sequences
-shuffle windows-api words ;
-IN: libs-io
-
-: stat* ( path -- WIN32_FIND_DATA )
-    "WIN32_FIND_DATA" <c-object>
-    [
-        FindFirstFile
-        [ INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = [ win32-error ] when ] keep
-        FindClose win32-error=0/f
-    ] keep ;
-
-: set-file-time ( path timestamp/f timestamp/f timestamp/f -- )
-    #! timestamp order: creation access write
-    >r >r >r open-existing dup r> r> r>
-    [ timestamp>FILETIME ] 3 napply
-    SetFileTime win32-error=0/f
-    close-handle ;
-
-: set-file-times ( path timestamp/f timestamp/f -- )
-    f -rot set-file-time ;
-
-: set-file-create-time ( path timestamp -- )
-    f f set-file-time ;
-
-: set-file-access-time ( path timestamp -- )
-    >r f r> f set-file-time ;
-
-: set-file-write-time ( path timestamp -- )
-    >r f f r> set-file-time ;
-
-: maybe-make-filetime ( ? -- FILETIME/f )
-    [ "FILETIME" <c-object> ] [ f ] if ;
-
-: file-time ( path ? ? ? -- FILETIME/f FILETIME/f FILETIME/f )
-    >r >r >r open-existing dup r> r> r>
-    [ maybe-make-filetime ] 3 napply
-    [ GetFileTime win32-error=0/f close-handle ] 3keep ;
-
-: file-times ( path -- FILETIME FILETIME FILETIME )
-    t t t file-time [ FILETIME>timestamp ] 3 napply ;
-
-: file-create-time ( path -- FILETIME )
-    t f f file-time 2drop FILETIME>timestamp ;
-
-: file-access-time ( path -- FILETIME )
-    f t f file-time drop nip FILETIME>timestamp ;
-
-: file-write-time ( path -- FILETIME )
-    f f t file-time 2nip FILETIME>timestamp ;
-
-: attrib ( path -- n )
-    [ stat* WIN32_FIND_DATA-dwFileAttributes ] catch
-    [ drop 0 ] when ;
-
-: (read-only?) ( mode -- ? )
-    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY bit-set? ;
-
-: read-only? ( path -- ? )
-    attrib (read-only?) ;
-
-: (hidden?) ( mode -- ? )
-    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN bit-set? ;
-
-: hidden? ( path -- ? )
-    attrib (hidden?) ;
-
-: (system?) ( mode -- ? )
-    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM bit-set? ;
-
-: system? ( path -- ? )
-    attrib (system?) ;
-
-: (directory?) ( mode -- ? )
-    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY bit-set? ;
-
-: directory? ( path -- ? )
-    attrib (directory?) ;
-
-: (archive?) ( mode -- ? )
-    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE bit-set? ;
-    
-: archive? ( path -- ? )
-    attrib (archive?) ;
-
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED
-! FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED
-
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/shell.factor b/unmaintained/io/shell.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 5213eb22c7..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/shell.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-USING: calendar io io-internals kernel math namespaces
-nonblocking-io prettyprint quotations sequences ;
-IN: shell
-
-SYMBOL: shell
-HOOK: directory* shell ( path -- seq )
-HOOK: make-file shell ( bytes -- file )
-HOOK: file. shell ( file -- )
-HOOK: touch-file shell ( path -- )
-
-: (ls) ( path -- )
-    >r H{ } r> directory*
-    [
-        [ [ make-file file. ] with-row ] each
-    ] curry tabular-output ;
-
-: ls ( -- )
-    cwd (ls) ;
-
-: pwd ( -- )
-    cwd pprint nl ;
-
-: (slurp) ( quot -- )
-    >r default-buffer-size read r> over [
-        dup slip (slurp)
-    ] [
-        2drop
-    ] if ;
-
-: slurp ( stream quot -- )
-    [ (slurp) ] curry with-stream ;
-
-: cat ( path -- )
-     <file-reader> stdio get
-     duplex-stream-out <duplex-stream>
-     [ write ] slurp ;
-
-: copy-file ( path path -- )
-    >r <file-reader> r>
-    <file-writer> <duplex-stream> [ write ] slurp ;
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/test/io.factor b/unmaintained/io/test/io.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index 379e1233f0..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/test/io.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-USING: calendar errors io kernel libs-io math namespaces sequences
-shell test ;
-IN: temporary
-
-SYMBOL: file "file-appender-test.txt" \ file set
-[ \ file get delete-file ] catch drop
-[ f ] [ \ file get exists? ] unit-test
-\ file get <file-appender> [ "asdf" write ] with-stream
-[ t ] [ \ file get exists? ] unit-test
-[ 4 ] [ \ file get file-length ] unit-test
-\ file get <file-appender> [ "jkl;" write ] with-stream
-[ t ] [ \ file get exists? ] unit-test
-[ 8 ] [ \ file get file-length ] unit-test
-[ "asdfjkl;" ] [ \ file get <file-reader> contents ] unit-test
-\ file get delete-file
-[ f ] [ \ file get exists? ] unit-test
-
-SYMBOL: directory "test-directory" \ directory set
-\ directory get create-directory
-[ t ] [ \ directory get directory? ] unit-test
-\ directory get delete-directory
-[ f ] [ \ directory get directory? ] unit-test
-
-SYMBOL: time "time-test.txt" \ time set
-[ \ time get delete-file ] catch drop
-\ time get touch-file
-[ 0 ] [ \ time get file-length ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ \ time get exists? ] unit-test
-\ time get 0 unix-time>timestamp dup set-file-times
-[ t ] [ \ time get file-write-time 0 unix-time>timestamp = ] unit-test
-[ t ] [ \ time get file-access-time 0 unix-time>timestamp = ] unit-test
-\ time get touch-file
-[ t ] [ now \ time get file-write-time timestamp- 10 < ] unit-test
-\ time get delete-file
-
-SYMBOL: longname "" 255 CHAR: a pad-left \ longname set
-\ longname get touch-file
-[ t ] [ \ longname get exists? ] unit-test
-[ 0 ] [ \ longname get file-length ] unit-test
-\ longname get delete-file
-[ f ] [ \ longname get exists? ] unit-test
-
diff --git a/unmaintained/io/test/mmap.factor b/unmaintained/io/test/mmap.factor
deleted file mode 100644
index faeca551c0..0000000000
--- a/unmaintained/io/test/mmap.factor
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-USING: alien errors io kernel libs-io mmap namespaces test ;
-
-IN: temporary
-SYMBOL: mmap "mmap-test.txt" \ mmap set
-
-[ \ mmap get delete-file ] catch drop
-\ mmap get [
-    "Four" write
-] with-file-writer
-
-\ mmap get [
-    >r CHAR: R r> mmap-address 3 set-alien-unsigned-1
-] with-mmap
-
-\ mmap get [
-    mmap-address 3 alien-unsigned-1 CHAR: R = [
-        "mmap test failed" throw
-    ] unless
-] with-mmap
-
-[ \ mmap get delete-file ] catch drop
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/deploy.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/deploy.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/deploy.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/deploy.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/game/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/game/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/game/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/game/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/game/game.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/game/game.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/game/game.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/game/game.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/gl/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/gl/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/gl/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/gl/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/gl/gl.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/gl/gl.factor
similarity index 81%
rename from extra/jamshred/gl/gl.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/gl/gl.factor
index 6c553147a1..b78e7de88e 100644
--- a/extra/jamshred/gl/gl.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/jamshred/gl/gl.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Alex Chapman
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors alien.c-types jamshred.game jamshred.oint jamshred.player jamshred.tunnel kernel math math.constants math.functions math.vectors opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu sequences float-arrays ;
+USING: accessors alien.c-types jamshred.game jamshred.oint
+jamshred.player jamshred.tunnel kernel math math.constants
+math.functions math.vectors opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu
+opengl.demo-support sequences specialized-arrays.float ;
 IN: jamshred.gl
 
 : min-vertices 6 ; inline
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ IN: jamshred.gl
     dup [ / pi 2 * * ] curry map ;
 
 : draw-segment-vertex ( segment theta -- )
-    over color>> set-color segment-vertex-and-normal
+    over color>> gl-color segment-vertex-and-normal
     gl-normal gl-vertex ;
 
 : draw-vertex-pair ( theta next-segment segment -- )
@@ -81,10 +84,10 @@ IN: jamshred.gl
     GL_FOG_DENSITY 0.09 glFogf
     GL_FRONT GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE glColorMaterial
     GL_COLOR_MATERIAL glEnable
-    GL_LIGHT0 GL_POSITION F{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 } >c-float-array glLightfv
-    GL_LIGHT0 GL_AMBIENT F{ 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 } >c-float-array glLightfv
-    GL_LIGHT0 GL_DIFFUSE F{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 } >c-float-array glLightfv
-    GL_LIGHT0 GL_SPECULAR F{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 } >c-float-array glLightfv ;
+    GL_LIGHT0 GL_POSITION float-array{ 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 } underlying>> glLightfv
+    GL_LIGHT0 GL_AMBIENT float-array{ 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 } underlying>> glLightfv
+    GL_LIGHT0 GL_DIFFUSE float-array{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 } underlying>> glLightfv
+    GL_LIGHT0 GL_SPECULAR float-array{ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 } underlying>> glLightfv ;
 
 : player-view ( player -- )
     [ location>> ]
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/jamshred.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/jamshred.factor
similarity index 98%
rename from extra/jamshred/jamshred.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/jamshred.factor
index 2357742fde..d0b74417d1 100755
--- a/extra/jamshred/jamshred.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/jamshred/jamshred.factor
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ M: jamshred-gadget draw-gadget* ( gadget -- )
     ] [
         [ jamshred>> jamshred-update ]
         [ relayout-1 ]
-        [ 10 sleep yield jamshred-loop ] tri
+        [ 10 milliseconds sleep yield jamshred-loop ] tri
     ] if ;
 
 : fullscreen ( gadget -- )
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/log/log.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/log/log.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/log/log.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/log/log.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/oint/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/oint/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/oint/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/oint/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/oint/oint-tests.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/oint/oint-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/oint/oint-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/oint/oint-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/oint/oint.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/oint/oint.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/oint/oint.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/oint/oint.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/player/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/player/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/player/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/player/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/player/player.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/player/player.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/player/player.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/player/player.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/sound/bang.wav b/unmaintained/jamshred/sound/bang.wav
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/sound/bang.wav
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/sound/bang.wav
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/sound/sound.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/sound/sound.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/sound/sound.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/sound/sound.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/summary.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/tags.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/tunnel/authors.txt b/unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/tunnel/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel-tests.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor b/unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor
similarity index 96%
rename from extra/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor
rename to unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor
index 7082acec47..52f2d38dd1 100755
--- a/extra/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/jamshred/tunnel/tunnel.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Alex Chapman
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-USING: accessors arrays colors combinators float-arrays kernel jamshred.oint locals math math.constants math.matrices math.order math.ranges math.vectors math.quadratic random sequences vectors ;
-USE: tools.walker
+USING: accessors arrays colors combinators float-arrays kernel
+locals math math.constants math.matrices math.order math.ranges
+math.vectors math.quadratic random sequences vectors jamshred.oint ;
 IN: jamshred.tunnel
 
 : n-segments ( -- n ) 5000 ; inline
diff --git a/extra/lisp/authors.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/lisp/lisp-docs.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/lisp-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/lisp-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/lisp-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/lisp-tests.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/lisp-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/lisp-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/lisp-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/lisp.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/lisp.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/lisp.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/lisp.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/authors.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/parser-docs.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/parser-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/parser-tests.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/parser-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/parser.factor b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/parser.factor
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/parser.factor
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/summary.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/lisp/parser/tags.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/parser/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/parser/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/parser/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/lisp/summary.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/lisp/tags.txt b/unmaintained/lisp/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/lisp/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/lisp/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/derivatives/authors.txt b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/math/derivatives/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/math/derivatives/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor
similarity index 99%
rename from extra/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor
index bbb793fe92..1630b2f9de 100644
--- a/extra/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-docs.factor
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ HELP: derivative-func
             "            [ cos ]"
             "       bi - abs"
             "] map minmax"
-            
         }
     }
 } ;
@@ -100,4 +99,5 @@ ARTICLE: "derivatives" "The Derivative Toolkit"
 { $subsection derivative }
 { $subsection derivative-func }
 { $subsection (derivative) } ;
+
 ABOUT: "derivatives"
diff --git a/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-tests.factor b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-tests.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfbc1fa6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives-tests.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+USING: math math.derivatives tools.test ;
+IN: math.derivatives.test
+
+[ 8 ] [ 4 [ sq ] derivative >integer ] unit-test
+
diff --git a/extra/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor
similarity index 60%
rename from extra/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor
rename to unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor
index b7612e112b..7922a48a6b 100644
--- a/extra/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/math/derivatives/derivatives.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-USING: kernel continuations combinators sequences math
-      math.order math.ranges accessors float-arrays ;
-
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II, Eduardo Cavazos.
+! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
+USING: kernel continuations combinators sequences math math.order math.ranges
+    accessors float-arrays ;
 IN: math.derivatives
 
 TUPLE: state x func h err i j errt fac hh ans a done ;
@@ -20,7 +21,8 @@ TUPLE: state x func h err i j errt fac hh ans a done ;
 : a[i-1][i-1] ( state -- elt ) [ i>> 1 - ] [ i>> 1 - ] [ a>> ] tri nth nth ;
 
 : check-h ( state -- state )
- dup h>> 0 = [ "h must be nonzero in dfridr" throw ] when ;
+    dup h>> 0 = [ "h must be nonzero in dfridr" throw ] when ;
+
 : init-a     ( state -- state ) ntab [ ntab <float-array> ] replicate >>a ;
 : init-hh    ( state -- state ) dup h>> >>hh ;
 : init-err   ( state -- state ) big >>err ;
@@ -30,75 +32,66 @@ TUPLE: state x func h err i j errt fac hh ans a done ;
 
 ! If error is decreased, save the improved answer
 : error-decreased? ( state -- state ? ) [ ] [ errt>> ] [ err>> ] tri <= ;
+
 : save-improved-answer ( state -- state )
- dup err>>   >>errt
- dup a[j][i] >>ans ;
+    dup err>>   >>errt
+    dup a[j][i] >>ans ;
 
 ! If higher order is worse by a significant factor SAFE, then quit early.
 : check-safe ( state -- state )
- dup
- [ [ a[i][i] ] [ a[i-1][i-1] ] bi - abs ] [ err>> safe * ] bi >=
-   [ t >>done ]
- when ;
+    dup [ [ a[i][i] ] [ a[i-1][i-1] ] bi - abs ]
+    [ err>> safe * ] bi >= [ t >>done ] when ;
+
 : x+hh ( state -- val ) [ x>> ] [ hh>> ] bi + ;
 : x-hh ( state -- val ) [ x>> ] [ hh>> ] bi - ;
+
 : limit-approx ( state -- val )
- [
-   [ [ x+hh ] [ func>> ] bi call ]
-   [ [ x-hh ] [ func>> ] bi call ]
-   bi -
- ]
- [ hh>> 2.0 * ]
- bi / ;
+    [
+        [ [ x+hh ] [ func>> ] bi call ]
+        [ [ x-hh ] [ func>> ] bi call ] bi -
+    ] [ hh>> 2.0 * ] bi / ;
+
 : a[0][0]! ( state -- state )
- { [ ] [ limit-approx ] [ drop 0 ] [ drop 0 ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
+    { [ ] [ limit-approx ] [ drop 0 ] [ drop 0 ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
+
 : a[0][i]! ( state -- state )
- { [ ] [ limit-approx ] [ i>> ] [ drop 0 ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
+    { [ ] [ limit-approx ] [ i>> ] [ drop 0 ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
+
 : a[j-1][i]*fac ( state -- val ) [ a[j-1][i] ] [ fac>> ] bi * ;
+
 : new-a[j][i] ( state -- val )
- [ [ a[j-1][i]*fac ] [ a[j-1][i-1] ] bi - ]
- [ fac>> 1.0 - ]
- bi / ;
+    [ [ a[j-1][i]*fac ] [ a[j-1][i-1] ] bi - ]
+    [ fac>> 1.0 - ] bi / ;
+
 : a[j][i]! ( state -- state )
- { [ ] [ new-a[j][i] ] [ i>> ] [ j>> ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
+    { [ ] [ new-a[j][i] ] [ i>> ] [ j>> ] [ a>> ] } cleave nth set-nth ;
 
 : update-errt ( state -- state )
- dup
-    [ [ a[j][i] ] [ a[j-1][i]   ] bi - abs ]
-    [ [ a[j][i] ] [ a[j-1][i-1] ] bi - abs ]
- bi max
- >>errt ;
+    dup [ [ a[j][i] ] [ a[j-1][i] ] bi - abs ]
+    [ [ a[j][i] ] [ a[j-1][i-1] ] bi - abs ] bi max >>errt ;
 
 : not-done? ( state -- state ? ) dup done>> not ;
 
 : derive ( state -- state )
- init-a
- check-h
- init-hh
- a[0][0]!
- init-err
- 1 ntab [a,b)
-  [
-     >>i
-     not-done?
-       [
-         update-hh
-         a[0][i]!
-         reset-fac
-         1 over i>> [a,b]
-           [
-             >>j
-             a[j][i]!
-             update-fac
-             update-errt
-             error-decreased? [ save-improved-answer ] when
-           ]
-         each
-         check-safe
-       ]
-     when
-   ]
- each ;
+    init-a
+    check-h
+    init-hh
+    a[0][0]!
+    init-err
+    1 ntab [a,b) [
+        >>i not-done? [
+            update-hh
+            a[0][i]!
+            reset-fac
+            1 over i>> [a,b] [
+                >>j
+                a[j][i]!
+                update-fac
+                update-errt
+                error-decreased? [ save-improved-answer ] when
+            ] each check-safe
+        ] when
+   ] each ;
 
 : derivative-state ( x func h err -- state )
     state new
@@ -112,11 +105,7 @@ TUPLE: state x func h err i j errt fac hh ans a done ;
 ! h should be small enough to give the correct sgn(f'(x))
 ! err is the max tolerance of gain in error for a single iteration-
 : (derivative) ( x func h err -- ans error )
- derivative-state
- derive
-    [ ans>> ]
-    [ errt>> ]
- bi ;
+    derivative-state derive [ ans>> ] [ errt>> ] bi ;
 
-: derivative ( x func -- m ) 0.01 2.0 (derivative) drop ; 
+: derivative ( x func -- m ) 0.01 2.0 (derivative) drop ;
 : derivative-func ( func -- der ) [ derivative ] curry ;
diff --git a/extra/math/newtons-method/authors.txt b/unmaintained/math/newtons-method/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/math/newtons-method/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/math/newtons-method/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor b/unmaintained/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor
similarity index 80%
rename from extra/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor
rename to unmaintained/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor
index 269eae2538..4b53b1222d 100644
--- a/extra/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/math/newtons-method/newtons-method.factor
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-! Copyright © 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II
+! Copyright (c) 2008 Reginald Keith Ford II.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
-! Newton's Method of approximating roots
 USING: kernel math math.derivatives ;
 IN: math.newtons-method
 
+! Newton's method of approximating roots
+
 <PRIVATE
 
 : newton-step ( x function -- x2 )
diff --git a/extra/morse/authors.txt b/unmaintained/morse/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/morse/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/morse/morse-docs.factor b/unmaintained/morse/morse-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/morse-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/morse/morse-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/morse/morse-tests.factor b/unmaintained/morse/morse-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/morse-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/morse/morse-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/morse/morse.factor b/unmaintained/morse/morse.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/morse.factor
rename to unmaintained/morse/morse.factor
diff --git a/extra/morse/summary.txt b/unmaintained/morse/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/morse/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/morse/tags.txt b/unmaintained/morse/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/morse/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/morse/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/golden-section/authors.txt b/unmaintained/mortar/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/golden-section/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/mortar/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/mortar/mortar.factor b/unmaintained/mortar/mortar.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/mortar/mortar.factor
rename to unmaintained/mortar/mortar.factor
diff --git a/extra/mortar/sugar/sugar.factor b/unmaintained/mortar/sugar/sugar.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/mortar/sugar/sugar.factor
rename to unmaintained/mortar/sugar/sugar.factor
diff --git a/unmaintained/mortar/tags.txt b/unmaintained/mortar/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4274299b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/mortar/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions
diff --git a/extra/nehe/2/2.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/2/2.factor
similarity index 91%
rename from extra/nehe/2/2.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/2/2.factor
index d9560c92f6..29d4ccffc1 100644
--- a/extra/nehe/2/2.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/nehe/2/2.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu ui
-ui.gadgets ui.render ;
+USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu
+opengl.demo-support ui ui.gadgets ui.render ;
 IN: nehe.2
 
 TUPLE: nehe2-gadget < gadget ;
diff --git a/extra/nehe/2/authors.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/2/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/2/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/2/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/nehe/3/3.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/3/3.factor
similarity index 91%
rename from extra/nehe/3/3.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/3/3.factor
index 8a2149e370..75f2e573cc 100644
--- a/extra/nehe/3/3.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/nehe/3/3.factor
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu ui
-ui.gadgets ui.render ;
+USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu
+opengl.demo-support ui ui.gadgets ui.render ;
 IN: nehe.3
 
 TUPLE: nehe3-gadget < gadget ;
diff --git a/extra/nehe/3/authors.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/3/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/3/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/3/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/nehe/4/4.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/4/4.factor
similarity index 90%
rename from extra/nehe/4/4.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/4/4.factor
index 5a7988c934..fda22d2f1e 100644
--- a/extra/nehe/4/4.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/nehe/4/4.factor
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu ui
-ui.gadgets ui.render threads accessors ;
+USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu
+opengl.demo-support ui ui.gadgets ui.render threads accessors
+calendar ;
 IN: nehe.4
 
 TUPLE: nehe4-gadget < gadget rtri rquad thread quit? ;
 
 : width 256 ;
 : height 256 ;
-: redraw-interval 10 ;
+: redraw-interval ( -- dt ) 10 milliseconds ;
 
 : <nehe4-gadget> (  -- gadget )
   nehe4-gadget new-gadget
diff --git a/extra/nehe/4/authors.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/4/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/4/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/4/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/nehe/5/5.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/5/5.factor
similarity index 90%
rename from extra/nehe/5/5.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/5/5.factor
index deaba97c7c..30d0991fd8 100755
--- a/extra/nehe/5/5.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/nehe/5/5.factor
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu ui
-ui.gadgets ui.render threads accessors ;
+USING: arrays kernel math opengl opengl.gl opengl.glu
+opengl.demo-support ui ui.gadgets ui.render threads accessors
+calendar ;
 IN: nehe.5
 
 TUPLE: nehe5-gadget < gadget rtri rquad thread quit? ;
 : width 256 ;
 : height 256 ;
-: redraw-interval 10 ;
+: redraw-interval ( -- dt ) 10 milliseconds ;
 
 : <nehe5-gadget> (  -- gadget )
   nehe5-gadget new-gadget
diff --git a/extra/nehe/5/authors.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/5/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/5/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/5/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/nehe/authors.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/nehe/deploy.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/deploy.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/deploy.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/deploy.factor
diff --git a/extra/nehe/nehe.factor b/unmaintained/nehe/nehe.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/nehe.factor
rename to unmaintained/nehe/nehe.factor
diff --git a/extra/nehe/summary.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/nehe/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/nehe/summary.txt
diff --git a/unmaintained/nehe/tags.txt b/unmaintained/nehe/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb5fc203e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/nehe/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+demos
diff --git a/extra/odbc/authors.txt b/unmaintained/odbc/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/odbc/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/odbc/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/odbc/odbc-docs.factor b/unmaintained/odbc/odbc-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/odbc/odbc-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/odbc/odbc-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/odbc/odbc.factor b/unmaintained/odbc/odbc.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/odbc/odbc.factor
rename to unmaintained/odbc/odbc.factor
diff --git a/extra/odbc/summary.txt b/unmaintained/odbc/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/odbc/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/odbc/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/odbc/tags.txt b/unmaintained/odbc/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/odbc/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/odbc/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/authors.txt b/unmaintained/openal/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/backend/authors.txt b/unmaintained/openal/backend/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/backend/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/backend/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/backend/backend.factor b/unmaintained/openal/backend/backend.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/backend/backend.factor
rename to unmaintained/openal/backend/backend.factor
diff --git a/extra/openal/example/authors.txt b/unmaintained/openal/example/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/example/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/example/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/example/example.factor b/unmaintained/openal/example/example.factor
similarity index 81%
rename from extra/openal/example/example.factor
rename to unmaintained/openal/example/example.factor
index ebdb6da5ce..ae0b50afff 100644
--- a/extra/openal/example/example.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/openal/example/example.factor
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 !
 IN: openal.example
-USING: openal kernel alien threads sequences ;
+USING: openal kernel alien threads sequences calendar ;
 
 : play-hello ( -- )
   init-openal
   1 gen-sources
   first dup AL_BUFFER  alutCreateBufferHelloWorld set-source-param
   source-play
-  1000 sleep ;
+  1000 milliseconds sleep ;
   
 : (play-file) ( source -- )
-  100 sleep
+  100 milliseconds sleep
   dup source-playing? [ (play-file) ] [ drop ] if ;
 
 : play-file ( filename -- )
diff --git a/extra/openal/macosx/authors.txt b/unmaintained/openal/macosx/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/macosx/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/macosx/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/macosx/macosx.factor b/unmaintained/openal/macosx/macosx.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/macosx/macosx.factor
rename to unmaintained/openal/macosx/macosx.factor
diff --git a/unmaintained/openal/macosx/tags.txt b/unmaintained/openal/macosx/tags.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6bf68304bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/openal/macosx/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+unportable
diff --git a/extra/openal/openal.factor b/unmaintained/openal/openal.factor
similarity index 98%
rename from extra/openal/openal.factor
rename to unmaintained/openal/openal.factor
index 2a8959b4a0..40593d1e8d 100644
--- a/extra/openal/openal.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/openal/openal.factor
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: kernel arrays alien system combinators alien.syntax namespaces
        alien.c-types sequences vocabs.loader shuffle combinators.lib
-       openal.backend ;
+       openal.backend specialized-arrays.uint ;
 IN: openal
 
 << "alut" {
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ SYMBOL: init
 : <uint-array> ( n -- byte-array ) "ALuint" <c-array> ;
 
 : gen-sources ( size -- seq )
-  dup <uint-array> 2dup alGenSources swap c-uint-array> ;
+  dup <uint-array> 2dup underlying>> alGenSources swap ;
 
 : gen-buffers ( size -- seq )
-  dup <uint-array> 2dup alGenBuffers swap c-uint-array> ;
+  dup <uint-array> 2dup underlying>> alGenBuffers swap ;
 
 : gen-buffer ( -- buffer ) 1 gen-buffers first ;
 
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ os macosx? "openal.macosx" "openal.other" ? require
   [ alBufferData ] 4keep alutUnloadWAV ;
 
 : queue-buffers ( source buffers -- )
-    [ length ] [ >c-uint-array ] bi alSourceQueueBuffers ;
+    [ length ] [ >uint-array underlying>> ] bi alSourceQueueBuffers ;
 
 : queue-buffer ( source buffer -- )
     1array queue-buffers ;
diff --git a/extra/openal/other/authors.txt b/unmaintained/openal/other/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/other/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/other/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/other/other.factor b/unmaintained/openal/other/other.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/other/other.factor
rename to unmaintained/openal/other/other.factor
diff --git a/extra/openal/summary.txt b/unmaintained/openal/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/openal/tags.txt b/unmaintained/openal/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/openal/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/openal/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/line-art/authors.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/line-art/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/capabilities/capabilities-docs.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/capabilities-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/capabilities/capabilities-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/capabilities-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/capabilities/capabilities.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/capabilities.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/capabilities/capabilities.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/capabilities.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/capabilities/summary.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/capabilities/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/capabilities/tags.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/capabilities/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/capabilities/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/capabilities/authors.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/capabilities/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor
similarity index 80%
rename from extra/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor
index 2bf2abae95..cd781508a7 100755
--- a/extra/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/demo-support.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-USING: arrays kernel math math.functions
-math.order math.vectors namespaces opengl opengl.gl sequences ui
-ui.gadgets ui.gestures ui.render accessors ;
+USING: arrays kernel math math.functions math.order math.vectors
+namespaces opengl opengl.gl sequences ui ui.gadgets ui.gestures
+ui.render accessors combinators ;
 IN: opengl.demo-support
 
 : FOV 2.0 sqrt 1+ ; inline
@@ -74,6 +74,26 @@ M: demo-gadget pref-dim* ( gadget -- dim )
 : drag-yaw-pitch ( -- yaw pitch )
     last-drag-rel MOUSE-MOTION-SCALE v*n first2 ;
 
+: gl-vertex ( point -- )
+    dup length {
+        { 2 [ first2 glVertex2d ] }
+        { 3 [ first3 glVertex3d ] }
+        { 4 [ first4 glVertex4d ] }
+    } case ;
+
+: gl-normal ( normal -- ) first3 glNormal3d ;
+
+: do-state ( mode quot -- )
+    swap glBegin call glEnd ; inline
+
+: rect-vertices ( lower-left upper-right -- )
+    GL_QUADS [
+        over first2 glVertex2d
+        dup first pick second glVertex2d
+        dup first2 glVertex2d
+        swap first swap second glVertex2d
+    ] do-state ;
+
 demo-gadget H{
     { T{ key-down f f "LEFT"  } [ KEY-ROTATE-STEP neg swap yaw-demo-gadget ] }
     { T{ key-down f f "RIGHT" } [ KEY-ROTATE-STEP     swap yaw-demo-gadget ] }
diff --git a/extra/opengl/demo-support/summary.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/demo-support/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/demo-support/tags.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/demo-support/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/demo-support/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/demo-support/authors.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/demo-support/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers-docs.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/framebuffers.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/framebuffers/summary.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/framebuffers/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/framebuffers/tags.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/tags.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/framebuffers/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/framebuffers/tags.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/gadgets/gadgets-tests.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor
similarity index 97%
rename from extra/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor
index 1fefcd5665..d028ea958c 100644
--- a/extra/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/opengl/gadgets/gadgets.factor
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ! Copyright (C) 2008 Matthew Willis.
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 USING: locals math.functions math namespaces
-opengl.gl accessors kernel opengl ui.gadgets
+opengl.gl opengl.demo-support accessors kernel opengl ui.gadgets
 fry assocs
 destructors sequences ui.render colors ;
 IN: opengl.gadgets
diff --git a/extra/opengl/framebuffers/authors.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/framebuffers/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/shaders/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/opengl/shaders/shaders-docs.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/shaders-docs.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/shaders/shaders-docs.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/shaders/shaders-docs.factor
diff --git a/extra/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor
similarity index 95%
rename from extra/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor
rename to unmaintained/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor
index d52e55417f..a88ea6de4d 100755
--- a/extra/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/shaders.factor
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ IN: opengl.shaders
 
 : gl-shader-info-log ( shader -- log )
     dup gl-shader-info-log-length dup [
+        1 calloc &free
         [ 0 <int> swap glGetShaderInfoLog ] keep
         ascii alien>string
-    ] with-malloc ;
+    ] with-destructors ;
 
 : check-gl-shader ( shader -- shader )
     dup gl-shader-ok? [ dup gl-shader-info-log throw ] unless ;
@@ -79,9 +80,10 @@ PREDICATE: fragment-shader < gl-shader (fragment-shader?) ;
 
 : gl-program-info-log ( program -- log )
     dup gl-program-info-log-length dup [
+        1 calloc &free
         [ 0 <int> swap glGetProgramInfoLog ] keep
         ascii alien>string
-    ] with-malloc ;
+    ] with-destructors ;
 
 : check-gl-program ( program -- program )
     dup gl-program-ok? [ dup gl-program-info-log throw ] unless ;
@@ -91,10 +93,9 @@ PREDICATE: fragment-shader < gl-shader (fragment-shader?) ;
 
 : gl-program-shaders ( program -- shaders )
     dup gl-program-shaders-length
-    dup "GLuint" <c-array>
+    dup <uint-array>
     0 <int> swap
-    [ glGetAttachedShaders ] { 3 1 } multikeep
-    c-uint-array> ;
+    [ underlying>> glGetAttachedShaders ] { 3 1 } multikeep ;
 
 : delete-gl-program-only ( program -- )
     glDeleteProgram ; inline
diff --git a/extra/opengl/shaders/summary.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/opengl/shaders/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/opengl/shaders/summary.txt
diff --git a/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/tags.txt b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/tags.txt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..21154b6383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unmaintained/opengl/shaders/tags.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+opengl
+bindings
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/extra/ui/gadgets/plot/plot.factor b/unmaintained/plot/plot.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/ui/gadgets/plot/plot.factor
rename to unmaintained/plot/plot.factor
diff --git a/extra/spheres/authors.txt b/unmaintained/spheres/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/spheres/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/spheres/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/spheres/deploy.factor b/unmaintained/spheres/deploy.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/spheres/deploy.factor
rename to unmaintained/spheres/deploy.factor
diff --git a/extra/spheres/spheres.factor b/unmaintained/spheres/spheres.factor
similarity index 97%
rename from extra/spheres/spheres.factor
rename to unmaintained/spheres/spheres.factor
index d203d49eab..826c66851e 100755
--- a/extra/spheres/spheres.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/spheres/spheres.factor
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-USING: kernel opengl.demo-support opengl.gl opengl.shaders opengl.framebuffers
-opengl multiline ui.gadgets accessors sequences ui.render ui math locals
-arrays generalizations combinators opengl.capabilities ui.gadgets.worlds ;
+USING: kernel opengl opengl.demo-support opengl.gl
+opengl.shaders opengl.framebuffers opengl.capabilities multiline
+ui.gadgets accessors sequences ui.render ui math locals arrays
+generalizations combinators ui.gadgets.worlds ;
 IN: spheres
 
 STRING: plane-vertex-shader
diff --git a/extra/spheres/summary.txt b/unmaintained/spheres/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/spheres/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/spheres/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/line-art/tags.txt b/unmaintained/spheres/tags.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 76%
rename from extra/line-art/tags.txt
rename to unmaintained/spheres/tags.txt
index 0db7e8e629..36ee50526a
--- a/extra/line-art/tags.txt
+++ b/unmaintained/spheres/tags.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-demos
 opengl
-glsl
\ No newline at end of file
+demos
diff --git a/extra/synth/authors.txt b/unmaintained/synth/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/synth/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/synth/buffers/authors.txt b/unmaintained/synth/buffers/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/buffers/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/synth/buffers/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/synth/buffers/buffers.factor b/unmaintained/synth/buffers/buffers.factor
similarity index 93%
rename from extra/synth/buffers/buffers.factor
rename to unmaintained/synth/buffers/buffers.factor
index faff19d8fd..b0128ca52a 100644
--- a/extra/synth/buffers/buffers.factor
+++ b/unmaintained/synth/buffers/buffers.factor
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ M: 8bit-stereo-buffer buffer-format drop AL_FORMAT_STEREO8 ;
 M: 16bit-stereo-buffer buffer-format drop AL_FORMAT_STEREO16 ;
 
 : 8bit-buffer-data ( seq -- data size )
-    [ 128 * >integer 128 + ] map [ >c-uchar-array ] [ length ] bi ;
+    [ 128 * >integer 128 + ] uchar-array{ } map-as [ underlying>> ] [ length ] bi ;
 
 : 16bit-buffer-data ( seq -- data size )
-    [ 32768 * >integer ] map [ >c-short-array ] [ length 2 * ] bi ;
+    [ 32768 * >integer ] short-array{ } map-as [ underlying>> ] [ byte-length ] bi ;
 
 : stereo-data ( stereo-buffer -- left right )
     [ left-data>> ] [ right-data>> ] bi@ ;
diff --git a/extra/synth/example/authors.txt b/unmaintained/synth/example/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/example/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/synth/example/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/synth/example/example.factor b/unmaintained/synth/example/example.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/example/example.factor
rename to unmaintained/synth/example/example.factor
diff --git a/extra/synth/summary.txt b/unmaintained/synth/summary.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/summary.txt
rename to unmaintained/synth/summary.txt
diff --git a/extra/synth/synth.factor b/unmaintained/synth/synth.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/synth/synth.factor
rename to unmaintained/synth/synth.factor
diff --git a/extra/ui/gadgets/tiling/tiling.factor b/unmaintained/tiling/tiling.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/ui/gadgets/tiling/tiling.factor
rename to unmaintained/tiling/tiling.factor
diff --git a/extra/mortar/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/mortar/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/font/authors.txt
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/font/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/font/font.factor b/unmaintained/x/font/font.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/font/font.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/font/font.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/font/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/gc/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/font/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/gc/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/gc/gc.factor b/unmaintained/x/gc/gc.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/gc/gc.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/gc/gc.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/gc/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/keysym-table/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/gc/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/keysym-table/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/keysym-table/keysym-table.factor b/unmaintained/x/keysym-table/keysym-table.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/keysym-table/keysym-table.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/keysym-table/keysym-table.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/keysym-table/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/pen/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/keysym-table/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/pen/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/pen/pen.factor b/unmaintained/x/pen/pen.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/pen/pen.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/pen/pen.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/pen/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/pen/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/button/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/button/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/button/button.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/button/button.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/button/button.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/button/button.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/button/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/keymenu/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/button/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/keymenu/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/keymenu/keymenu.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/keymenu/keymenu.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/keymenu/keymenu.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/keymenu/keymenu.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/keymenu/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/label/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/keymenu/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/label/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/label/label.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/label/label.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/label/label.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/label/label.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/widgets.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/widgets.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/widgets.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/widgets.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/label/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/child/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/label/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/child/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/child/child.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/child/child.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/child/child.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/child/child.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/child/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/child/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/drag.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/drag.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/drag.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/drag.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/move.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/move.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/move.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/move.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/move/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/size.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/size.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/size.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/size.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/frame.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/frame.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/frame.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/frame/frame.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/menu/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/frame/drag/size/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/menu/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/menu/menu.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/menu/menu.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/menu/menu.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/menu/menu.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/menu/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/root/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/menu/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/root/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/root/root.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/root/root.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/root/root.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/root/root.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/root/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/root/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/unmapped-frames-menu.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/unmapped-frames-menu.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/unmapped-frames-menu.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/unmapped-frames-menu.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/authors.txt b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/workspace/authors.txt
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/unmapped-frames-menu/authors.txt
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/workspace/authors.txt
diff --git a/extra/x/widgets/wm/workspace/workspace.factor b/unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/workspace/workspace.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/widgets/wm/workspace/workspace.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/widgets/wm/workspace/workspace.factor
diff --git a/extra/x/x.factor b/unmaintained/x/x.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/x/x.factor
rename to unmaintained/x/x.factor
diff --git a/extra/xml/syntax/syntax.factor b/unmaintained/xml/syntax/syntax.factor
similarity index 100%
rename from extra/xml/syntax/syntax.factor
rename to unmaintained/xml/syntax/syntax.factor
diff --git a/vm/Config.macosx.x86.64 b/vm/Config.macosx.x86.64
index e2063c4a75..7ef5f89559 100644
--- a/vm/Config.macosx.x86.64
+++ b/vm/Config.macosx.x86.64
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 include vm/Config.macosx
 include vm/Config.x86.64
-CFLAGS += -arch x86_64
+CFLAGS += -m64
diff --git a/vm/Config.x86.64 b/vm/Config.x86.64
index 53a4d3c5e1..63f06d5a78 100644
--- a/vm/Config.x86.64
+++ b/vm/Config.x86.64
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 PLAF_DLL_OBJS += vm/cpu-x86.64.o
+CFLAGS += -DFACTOR_64
diff --git a/vm/alien.c b/vm/alien.c
index 5b4ff3b832..8b7df45e9a 100755
--- a/vm/alien.c
+++ b/vm/alien.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void box_alien(void *ptr)
 }
 
 /* make an alien pointing at an offset of another alien */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(displaced_alien)
+void primitive_displaced_alien(void)
 {
 	CELL alien = dpop();
 	CELL displacement = to_cell(dpop());
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(displaced_alien)
 
 /* address of an object representing a C pointer. Explicitly throw an error
 if the object is a byte array, as a sanity check. */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(alien_address)
+void primitive_alien_address(void)
 {
 	box_unsigned_cell((CELL)pinned_alien_offset(dpop()));
 }
@@ -121,11 +121,11 @@ INLINE void *alien_pointer(void)
 
 /* define words to read/write values at an alien address */
 #define DEFINE_ALIEN_ACCESSOR(name,type,boxer,to) \
-	DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(alien_##name) \
+	void primitive_alien_##name(void) \
 	{ \
 		boxer(*(type*)alien_pointer()); \
 	} \
-	DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_##name) \
+	void primitive_set_alien_##name(void) \
 	{ \
 		type* ptr = alien_pointer(); \
 		type value = to(dpop()); \
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void box_small_struct(CELL x, CELL y, CELL size)
 }
 
 /* open a native library and push a handle */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dlopen)
+void primitive_dlopen(void)
 {
 	CELL path = tag_object(string_to_native_alien(
 		untag_string(dpop())));
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dlopen)
 }
 
 /* look up a symbol in a native library */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dlsym)
+void primitive_dlsym(void)
 {
 	CELL dll = dpop();
 	REGISTER_ROOT(dll);
@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dlsym)
 }
 
 /* close a native library handle */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dlclose)
+void primitive_dlclose(void)
 {
 	ffi_dlclose(untag_dll(dpop()));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(dll_validp)
+void primitive_dll_validp(void)
 {
 	CELL dll = dpop();
 	if(dll == F)
diff --git a/vm/alien.h b/vm/alien.h
index babfbc358d..ec1eb08acf 100755
--- a/vm/alien.h
+++ b/vm/alien.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 CELL allot_alien(CELL delegate, CELL displacement);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(displaced_alien);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_address);
+void primitive_displaced_alien(void);
+void primitive_alien_address(void);
 
 DLLEXPORT void *alien_offset(CELL object);
 
@@ -10,32 +10,32 @@ void fixup_alien(F_ALIEN* d);
 DLLEXPORT void *unbox_alien(void);
 DLLEXPORT void box_alien(void *ptr);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_signed_cell);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_signed_cell);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_unsigned_cell);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_unsigned_cell);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_signed_8);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_signed_8);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_unsigned_8);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_unsigned_8);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_signed_4);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_signed_4);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_unsigned_4);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_unsigned_4);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_signed_2);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_signed_2);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_unsigned_2);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_unsigned_2);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_signed_1);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_signed_1);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_unsigned_1);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_unsigned_1);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_double);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_double);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(alien_cell);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_alien_cell);
+void primitive_alien_signed_cell(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_signed_cell(void);
+void primitive_alien_unsigned_cell(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_unsigned_cell(void);
+void primitive_alien_signed_8(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_signed_8(void);
+void primitive_alien_unsigned_8(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_unsigned_8(void);
+void primitive_alien_signed_4(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_signed_4(void);
+void primitive_alien_unsigned_4(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_unsigned_4(void);
+void primitive_alien_signed_2(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_signed_2(void);
+void primitive_alien_unsigned_2(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_unsigned_2(void);
+void primitive_alien_signed_1(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_signed_1(void);
+void primitive_alien_unsigned_1(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_unsigned_1(void);
+void primitive_alien_float(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_float(void);
+void primitive_alien_double(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_double(void);
+void primitive_alien_cell(void);
+void primitive_set_alien_cell(void);
 
 DLLEXPORT void to_value_struct(CELL src, void *dest, CELL size);
 DLLEXPORT void box_value_struct(void *src, CELL size);
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ DLLEXPORT void box_small_struct(CELL x, CELL y, CELL size);
 
 DEFINE_UNTAG(F_DLL,DLL_TYPE,dll)
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(dlopen);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(dlsym);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(dlclose);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(dll_validp);
+void primitive_dlopen(void);
+void primitive_dlsym(void);
+void primitive_dlclose(void);
+void primitive_dll_validp(void);
diff --git a/vm/callstack.c b/vm/callstack.c
index b7e99b418c..dfa7dd5f4a 100755
--- a/vm/callstack.c
+++ b/vm/callstack.c
@@ -6,11 +6,6 @@ F_FASTCALL void save_callstack_bottom(F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_bottom)
 	stack_chain->callstack_bottom = callstack_bottom;
 }
 
-F_FASTCALL __attribute__((noinline)) void save_callstack_top(F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top)
-{
-	stack_chain->callstack_top = callstack_top;
-}
-
 void iterate_callstack(CELL top, CELL bottom, CALLSTACK_ITER iterator)
 {
 	F_STACK_FRAME *frame = (F_STACK_FRAME *)bottom - 1;
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ F_STACK_FRAME *capture_start(void)
 	return frame + 1;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(callstack)
+void primitive_callstack(void)
 {
 	F_STACK_FRAME *top = capture_start();
 	F_STACK_FRAME *bottom = stack_chain->callstack_bottom;
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(callstack)
 	dpush(tag_object(callstack));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_callstack)
+void primitive_set_callstack(void)
 {
 	F_CALLSTACK *stack = untag_callstack(dpop());
 
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ void stack_frame_to_array(F_STACK_FRAME *frame)
 	set_array_nth(array,frame_index++,frame_scan(frame));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(callstack_to_array)
+void primitive_callstack_to_array(void)
 {
 	F_CALLSTACK *stack = untag_callstack(dpop());
 
@@ -190,7 +185,7 @@ F_STACK_FRAME *innermost_stack_frame(F_CALLSTACK *callstack)
 
 /* Some primitives implementing a limited form of callstack mutation.
 Used by the single stepper. */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_quot)
+void primitive_innermost_stack_frame_quot(void)
 {
 	F_STACK_FRAME *inner = innermost_stack_frame(
 		untag_callstack(dpop()));
@@ -199,7 +194,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_quot)
 	dpush(frame_executing(inner));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_scan)
+void primitive_innermost_stack_frame_scan(void)
 {
 	F_STACK_FRAME *inner = innermost_stack_frame(
 		untag_callstack(dpop()));
@@ -208,7 +203,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_scan)
 	dpush(frame_scan(inner));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_innermost_stack_frame_quot)
+void primitive_set_innermost_stack_frame_quot(void)
 {
 	F_CALLSTACK *callstack = untag_callstack(dpop());
 	F_QUOTATION *quot = untag_quotation(dpop());
diff --git a/vm/callstack.h b/vm/callstack.h
index 6c38cd0117..da0748b071 100755
--- a/vm/callstack.h
+++ b/vm/callstack.h
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 F_FASTCALL void save_callstack_bottom(F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_bottom);
-F_FASTCALL __attribute__((noinline)) void save_callstack_top(F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top);
 
 #define FIRST_STACK_FRAME(stack) (F_STACK_FRAME *)((stack) + 1)
 
@@ -14,11 +13,11 @@ CELL frame_executing(F_STACK_FRAME *frame);
 CELL frame_scan(F_STACK_FRAME *frame);
 CELL frame_type(F_STACK_FRAME *frame);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(callstack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_datastack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_retainstack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_callstack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(callstack_to_array);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_quot);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(innermost_stack_frame_scan);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_innermost_stack_frame_quot);
+void primitive_callstack(void);
+void primitive_set_datastack(void);
+void primitive_set_retainstack(void);
+void primitive_set_callstack(void);
+void primitive_callstack_to_array(void);
+void primitive_innermost_stack_frame_quot(void);
+void primitive_innermost_stack_frame_scan(void);
+void primitive_set_innermost_stack_frame_quot(void);
diff --git a/vm/code_gc.c b/vm/code_gc.c
index 03661999c5..c15185944a 100755
--- a/vm/code_gc.c
+++ b/vm/code_gc.c
@@ -259,13 +259,43 @@ void iterate_code_heap(CODE_HEAP_ITERATOR iter)
 /* Copy all literals referenced from a code block to newspace */
 void collect_literals_step(F_COMPILED *compiled, CELL code_start, CELL literals_start)
 {
-	CELL scan;
-	CELL literal_end = literals_start + compiled->literals_length;
+	if(collecting_gen >= compiled->last_scan)
+	{
+		CELL scan;
+		CELL literal_end = literals_start + compiled->literals_length;
 
-	copy_handle(&compiled->relocation);
+		if(collecting_accumulation_gen_p())
+			compiled->last_scan = collecting_gen;
+		else
+			compiled->last_scan = collecting_gen + 1;
 
-	for(scan = literals_start; scan < literal_end; scan += CELLS)
-		copy_handle((CELL*)scan);
+		for(scan = literals_start; scan < literal_end; scan += CELLS)
+			copy_handle((CELL*)scan);
+
+		if(compiled->relocation != F)
+		{
+			copy_handle(&compiled->relocation);
+
+			F_BYTE_ARRAY *relocation = untag_object(compiled->relocation);
+
+			F_REL *rel = (F_REL *)(relocation + 1);
+			F_REL *rel_end = (F_REL *)((char *)rel + byte_array_capacity(relocation));
+
+			while(rel < rel_end)
+			{
+				if(REL_TYPE(rel) == RT_IMMEDIATE)
+				{
+					CELL offset = rel->offset + code_start;
+					F_FIXNUM absolute_value = get(CREF(literals_start,REL_ARGUMENT(rel)));
+					apply_relocation(REL_CLASS(rel),offset,absolute_value);
+				}
+
+				rel++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		flush_icache(code_start,literals_start - code_start);
+	}
 }
 
 /* Copy literals referenced from all code blocks to newspace */
@@ -295,7 +325,7 @@ void recursive_mark(F_BLOCK *block)
 }
 
 /* Push the free space and total size of the code heap */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(code_room)
+void primitive_code_room(void)
 {
 	CELL used, total_free, max_free;
 	heap_usage(&code_heap,&used,&total_free,&max_free);
@@ -333,12 +363,14 @@ void dump_heap(F_HEAP *heap)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		fprintf(stderr,"%lx %lx %s\n",(CELL)scan,scan->size,status);
+		print_cell_hex((CELL)scan); print_string(" ");
+		print_cell_hex(scan->size); print_string(" ");
+		print_string(status); print_string("\n");
 
 		scan = next_block(heap,scan);
 	}
 	
-	printf("%ld bytes of relocation data\n",size);
+	print_cell(size); print_string(" bytes of relocation data\n");
 }
 
 /* Compute where each block is going to go, after compaction */
@@ -460,9 +492,6 @@ void compact_code_heap(void)
 	/* Free all unreachable code blocks */
 	gc();
 
-	fprintf(stderr,"*** Code heap compaction...\n");
-	fflush(stderr);
-
 	/* Figure out where the code heap blocks are going to end up */
 	CELL size = compute_heap_forwarding(&code_heap);
 
diff --git a/vm/code_gc.h b/vm/code_gc.h
index f93cba9c7a..72ad8d451c 100644
--- a/vm/code_gc.h
+++ b/vm/code_gc.h
@@ -82,4 +82,4 @@ void recursive_mark(F_BLOCK *block);
 void dump_heap(F_HEAP *heap);
 void compact_code_heap(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(code_room);
+void primitive_code_room(void);
diff --git a/vm/code_heap.c b/vm/code_heap.c
index 1435caa9d2..6ed5ea4309 100755
--- a/vm/code_heap.c
+++ b/vm/code_heap.c
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ void undefined_symbol(void)
 	general_error(ERROR_UNDEFINED_SYMBOL,F,F,NULL);
 }
 
-#define CREF(array,i) ((CELL)(array) + CELLS * (i))
-
 INLINE CELL get_literal(CELL literals_start, CELL num)
 {
 	return get(CREF(literals_start,num));
@@ -55,22 +53,28 @@ void *get_rel_symbol(F_REL *rel, CELL literals_start)
 INLINE CELL compute_code_rel(F_REL *rel,
 	CELL code_start, CELL literals_start)
 {
+	CELL obj;
+
 	switch(REL_TYPE(rel))
 	{
 	case RT_PRIMITIVE:
 		return (CELL)primitives[REL_ARGUMENT(rel)];
 	case RT_DLSYM:
 		return (CELL)get_rel_symbol(rel,literals_start);
-	case RT_LITERAL:
-		return CREF(literals_start,REL_ARGUMENT(rel));
 	case RT_IMMEDIATE:
 		return get(CREF(literals_start,REL_ARGUMENT(rel)));
 	case RT_XT:
-		return (CELL)untag_word(get(CREF(literals_start,REL_ARGUMENT(rel))))->xt;
+		obj = get(CREF(literals_start,REL_ARGUMENT(rel)));
+		if(type_of(obj) == WORD_TYPE)
+			return (CELL)untag_word(obj)->xt;
+		else
+			return (CELL)untag_quotation(obj)->xt;
 	case RT_HERE:
-		return rel->offset + code_start;
+		return rel->offset + code_start + (short)REL_ARGUMENT(rel);
 	case RT_LABEL:
 		return code_start + REL_ARGUMENT(rel);
+	case RT_STACK_CHAIN:
+		return (CELL)&stack_chain;
 	default:
 		critical_error("Bad rel type",rel->type);
 		return -1; /* Can't happen */
@@ -236,10 +240,10 @@ CELL allot_code_block(CELL size)
 			CELL used, total_free, max_free;
 			heap_usage(&code_heap,&used,&total_free,&max_free);
 
-			fprintf(stderr,"Code heap stats:\n");
-			fprintf(stderr,"Used: %ld\n",used);
-			fprintf(stderr,"Total free space: %ld\n",total_free);
-			fprintf(stderr,"Largest free block: %ld\n",max_free);
+			print_string("Code heap stats:\n");
+			print_string("Used: "); print_cell(used); nl();
+			print_string("Total free space: "); print_cell(total_free); nl();
+			print_string("Largest free block: "); print_cell(max_free); nl();
 			fatal_error("Out of memory in add-compiled-block",0);
 		}
 	}
@@ -275,6 +279,7 @@ F_COMPILED *add_compiled_block(
 	/* compiled header */
 	F_COMPILED *header = (void *)here;
 	header->type = type;
+	header->last_scan = NURSERY;
 	header->code_length = code_length;
 	header->literals_length = literals_length;
 	header->relocation = relocation;
@@ -322,7 +327,7 @@ void default_word_code(F_WORD *word, bool relocate)
 	word->compiledp = F;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(modify_code_heap)
+void primitive_modify_code_heap(void)
 {
 	bool rescan_code_heap = to_boolean(dpop());
 	F_ARRAY *alist = untag_array(dpop());
diff --git a/vm/code_heap.h b/vm/code_heap.h
index c3b476c4b5..d167ece7fa 100755
--- a/vm/code_heap.h
+++ b/vm/code_heap.h
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ typedef enum {
 	RT_PRIMITIVE,
 	/* arg is a literal table index, holding an array pair (symbol/dll) */
 	RT_DLSYM,
-	/* an indirect literal from the word's literal table */
-	RT_LITERAL,
 	/* a pointer to a compiled word reference */
 	RT_DISPATCH,
 	/* a compiled word reference */
@@ -13,8 +11,10 @@ typedef enum {
 	RT_HERE,
 	/* a local label */
 	RT_LABEL,
-	/* immeditae literal */
-	RT_IMMEDIATE
+	/* immediate literal */
+	RT_IMMEDIATE,
+	/* address of stack_chain var */
+	RT_STACK_CHAIN
 } F_RELTYPE;
 
 typedef enum {
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ typedef struct {
 	unsigned int offset;
 } F_REL;
 
+#define CREF(array,i) ((CELL)(array) + CELLS * (i))
+
+void apply_relocation(CELL class, CELL offset, F_FIXNUM absolute_value);
+
 void relocate_code_block(F_COMPILED *relocating, CELL code_start, CELL literals_start);
 
 void default_word_code(F_WORD *word, bool relocate);
@@ -71,4 +75,4 @@ F_COMPILED *add_compiled_block(
 CELL compiled_code_format(void);
 bool stack_traces_p(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(modify_code_heap);
+void primitive_modify_code_heap(void);
diff --git a/vm/cpu-arm.S b/vm/cpu-arm.S
index d98c033a4f..09e3331b99 100755
--- a/vm/cpu-arm.S
+++ b/vm/cpu-arm.S
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ DEF(void,throw_impl,(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *rewind_to)):
 DEF(void,lazy_jit_compile,(CELL quot)):
 	mov r1,sp            /* save stack pointer */
 	PROLOGUE
-	bl MANGLE(primitive_jit_compile)
+	bl MANGLE(lazy_jit_compile_impl)
 	EPILOGUE
         JUMP_QUOT            /* call the quotation */
 
diff --git a/vm/cpu-ppc.S b/vm/cpu-ppc.S
index 620bc9e991..4cf997a515 100755
--- a/vm/cpu-ppc.S
+++ b/vm/cpu-ppc.S
@@ -2,6 +2,47 @@
 in the public domain. */
 #include "asm.h"
 
+#define DS_REG r29
+
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_add,(void)):
+    lwz r3,0(DS_REG)
+    lwz r4,-4(DS_REG)
+    subi DS_REG,DS_REG,4
+    li r0,0
+    mtxer r0
+    addo. r5,r3,r4
+    bso add_overflow
+    stw r5,0(DS_REG)
+    blr
+add_overflow:
+	b MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_add)
+
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_subtract,(void)):
+    lwz r3,-4(DS_REG)
+    lwz r4,0(DS_REG)
+    subi DS_REG,DS_REG,4
+    li r0,0
+    mtxer r0
+    subfo. r5,r4,r3
+	bso sub_overflow
+    stw r5,0(DS_REG)
+    blr
+sub_overflow:
+    b MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_subtract)
+
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_multiply,(void)):
+    lwz r3,0(DS_REG)
+    lwz r4,-4(DS_REG)
+    subi DS_REG,DS_REG,4
+    srawi r3,r3,3
+    mullwo. r5,r3,r4
+    bso multiply_overflow
+    stw r5,0(DS_REG)
+    blr
+multiply_overflow:
+    srawi r4,r4,3
+    b MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_multiply)
+    
 /* Note that the XT is passed to the quotation in r11 */
 #define CALL_OR_JUMP_QUOT \
 	lwz r11,9(r3)	   /* load quotation-xt slot */ XX \
@@ -165,7 +206,7 @@ DEF(void,throw_impl,(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *rewind_to)):
 DEF(void,lazy_jit_compile,(CELL quot)):
 	mr r4,r1	   /* save stack pointer */
 	PROLOGUE
-	bl MANGLE(primitive_jit_compile)
+	bl MANGLE(lazy_jit_compile_impl)
 	EPILOGUE
 	JUMP_QUOT	   /* call the quotation */
 
diff --git a/vm/cpu-x86.32.S b/vm/cpu-x86.32.S
index 6ddbd52da2..36db5d6c80 100755
--- a/vm/cpu-x86.32.S
+++ b/vm/cpu-x86.32.S
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ and the callstack top is passed in EDX */
 
 #define NV_TEMP_REG %ebx
 
+#define ARITH_TEMP_1 %ebp
+#define ARITH_TEMP_2 %ebx
+#define DIV_RESULT %eax
+
 #define CELL_SIZE 4
 #define STACK_PADDING 12
 
diff --git a/vm/cpu-x86.64.S b/vm/cpu-x86.64.S
index c981095d62..7b5b5f3167 100644
--- a/vm/cpu-x86.64.S
+++ b/vm/cpu-x86.64.S
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 
 #define NV_TEMP_REG %rbp
 
+#define ARITH_TEMP_1 %r8
+#define ARITH_TEMP_2 %r9
+#define DIV_RESULT %rax
+
 #ifdef WINDOWS
 
 	#define ARG0 %rcx
diff --git a/vm/cpu-x86.S b/vm/cpu-x86.S
index 1857fb0ed8..7a0d738fe0 100755
--- a/vm/cpu-x86.S
+++ b/vm/cpu-x86.S
@@ -1,3 +1,39 @@
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_add,(void)):
+    mov (DS_REG),ARG0
+    mov -CELL_SIZE(DS_REG),ARG1
+    sub $CELL_SIZE,DS_REG
+    mov ARG1,ARITH_TEMP_1
+    add ARG0,ARITH_TEMP_1
+    jo MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_add)
+    mov ARITH_TEMP_1,(DS_REG)
+    ret
+
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_subtract,(void)):
+    mov (DS_REG),ARG1
+    mov -CELL_SIZE(DS_REG),ARG0
+    sub $CELL_SIZE,DS_REG
+    mov ARG0,ARITH_TEMP_1
+    sub ARG1,ARITH_TEMP_1
+    jo MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_subtract)
+    mov ARITH_TEMP_1,(DS_REG)
+    ret
+
+DEF(void,primitive_fixnum_multiply,(void)):
+    mov (DS_REG),ARITH_TEMP_1
+    mov ARITH_TEMP_1,DIV_RESULT
+    mov -CELL_SIZE(DS_REG),ARITH_TEMP_2
+    sar $3,ARITH_TEMP_2
+    sub $CELL_SIZE,DS_REG
+    imul ARITH_TEMP_2
+    jo multiply_overflow
+    mov DIV_RESULT,(DS_REG)
+    ret
+multiply_overflow:
+    sar $3,ARITH_TEMP_1
+    mov ARITH_TEMP_1,ARG0
+    mov ARITH_TEMP_2,ARG1
+    jmp MANGLE(overflow_fixnum_multiply)
+
 DEF(F_FASTCALL void,c_to_factor,(CELL quot)):
 	PUSH_NONVOLATILE
 	mov ARG0,NV_TEMP_REG
@@ -27,7 +63,7 @@ DEF(F_FASTCALL void,throw_impl,(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *rewind_to)):
 DEF(FASTCALL void,lazy_jit_compile,(CELL quot)):
 	mov STACK_REG,ARG1           /* Save stack pointer */
 	sub $STACK_PADDING,STACK_REG
-	call MANGLE(primitive_jit_compile)
+	call MANGLE(lazy_jit_compile_impl)
 	mov RETURN_REG,ARG0          /* No-op on 32-bit */
 	add $STACK_PADDING,STACK_REG
         jmp *QUOT_XT_OFFSET(ARG0)    /* Call the quotation */
diff --git a/vm/data_gc.c b/vm/data_gc.c
index 5342ff04d9..513a7c429c 100755
--- a/vm/data_gc.c
+++ b/vm/data_gc.c
@@ -1,20 +1,5 @@
 #include "master.h"
 
-#define ALLOC_DATA_HEAP "alloc_data_heap: gens=%ld, young_size=%ld, aging_size=%ld, tenured_size=%ld\n"
-#define GC_REQUESTED "garbage_collection: growing_data_heap=%d, requested_bytes=%ld\n"
-#define BEGIN_GC "begin_gc: growing_data_heap=%d, collecting_gen=%ld\n"
-#define END_GC "end_gc: gc_elapsed=%ld\n"
-#define END_AGING_GC "end_gc: aging_collections=%ld, cards_scanned=%ld\n"
-#define END_NURSERY_GC "end_gc: nursery_collections=%ld, cards_scanned=%ld\n"
-
-/* #define GC_DEBUG */
-
-#ifdef GC_DEBUG
-	#define GC_PRINT printf
-#else
-	INLINE void GC_PRINT() { }
-#endif
-
 CELL init_zone(F_ZONE *z, CELL size, CELL start)
 {
 	z->size = size;
@@ -36,8 +21,6 @@ F_DATA_HEAP *alloc_data_heap(CELL gens,
 	CELL aging_size,
 	CELL tenured_size)
 {
-	GC_PRINT(ALLOC_DATA_HEAP,gens,young_size,aging_size,tenured_size);
-
 	young_size = align(young_size,DECK_SIZE);
 	aging_size = align(aging_size,DECK_SIZE);
 	tenured_size = align(tenured_size,DECK_SIZE);
@@ -128,8 +111,7 @@ void clear_cards(CELL from, CELL to)
 	/* NOTE: reverse order due to heap layout. */
 	F_CARD *first_card = ADDR_TO_CARD(data_heap->generations[to].start);
 	F_CARD *last_card = ADDR_TO_CARD(data_heap->generations[from].end);
-	F_CARD *ptr;
-	for(ptr = first_card; ptr < last_card; ptr++) *ptr = 0;
+	memset(first_card,0,last_card - first_card);
 }
 
 void clear_decks(CELL from, CELL to)
@@ -137,8 +119,7 @@ void clear_decks(CELL from, CELL to)
 	/* NOTE: reverse order due to heap layout. */
 	F_DECK *first_deck = ADDR_TO_DECK(data_heap->generations[to].start);
 	F_DECK *last_deck = ADDR_TO_DECK(data_heap->generations[from].end);
-	F_DECK *ptr;
-	for(ptr = first_deck; ptr < last_deck; ptr++) *ptr = 0;
+	memset(first_deck,0,last_deck - first_deck);
 }
 
 void clear_allot_markers(CELL from, CELL to)
@@ -146,8 +127,7 @@ void clear_allot_markers(CELL from, CELL to)
 	/* NOTE: reverse order due to heap layout. */
 	F_CARD *first_card = ADDR_TO_ALLOT_MARKER(data_heap->generations[to].start);
 	F_CARD *last_card = ADDR_TO_ALLOT_MARKER(data_heap->generations[from].end);
-	F_CARD *ptr;
-	for(ptr = first_card; ptr < last_card; ptr++) *ptr = INVALID_ALLOT_MARKER;
+	memset(first_card,INVALID_ALLOT_MARKER,last_card - first_card);
 }
 
 void set_data_heap(F_DATA_HEAP *data_heap_)
@@ -250,13 +230,13 @@ CELL unaligned_object_size(CELL pointer)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(size)
+void primitive_size(void)
 {
 	box_unsigned_cell(object_size(dpop()));
 }
 
 /* Push memory usage statistics in data heap */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(data_room)
+void primitive_data_room(void)
 {
 	F_ARRAY *a = allot_array(ARRAY_TYPE,data_heap->gen_count * 2,F);
 	int gen;
@@ -281,7 +261,7 @@ void begin_scan(void)
 	gc_off = true;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(begin_scan)
+void primitive_begin_scan(void)
 {
 	gc();
 	begin_scan();
@@ -306,13 +286,13 @@ CELL next_object(void)
 }
 
 /* Push object at heap scan cursor and advance; pushes f when done */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(next_object)
+void primitive_next_object(void)
 {
 	dpush(next_object());
 }
 
 /* Re-enables GC */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(end_scan)
+void primitive_end_scan(void)
 {
 	gc_off = false;
 }
@@ -320,21 +300,15 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(end_scan)
 /* Scan all the objects in the card */
 void collect_card(F_CARD *ptr, CELL gen, CELL here)
 {
-	CELL offset = CARD_OFFSET(ptr);
+	CELL card_scan = (CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(ptr) + CARD_OFFSET(ptr);
+	CELL card_end = (CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(ptr + 1);
 
-	if(offset != INVALID_ALLOT_MARKER)
-	{
-		if(offset & TAG_MASK)
-			critical_error("Bad card",(CELL)ptr);
+	if(here < card_end)
+		card_end = here;
 
-		CELL card_scan = (CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(ptr) + offset;
-		CELL card_end = (CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(ptr + 1);
+	collect_next_loop(card_scan,&card_end);
 
-		while(card_scan < card_end && card_scan < here)
-			card_scan = collect_next(card_scan);
-
-		cards_scanned++;
-	}
+	cards_scanned++;
 }
 
 void collect_card_deck(F_DECK *deck, CELL gen, F_CARD mask, F_CARD unmask)
@@ -438,8 +412,6 @@ void collect_gen_cards(CELL gen)
 old->new references */
 void collect_cards(void)
 {
-	GC_PRINT("Collect cards\n");
-
 	int i;
 	for(i = collecting_gen + 1; i < data_heap->gen_count; i++)
 		collect_gen_cards(i);
@@ -468,9 +440,7 @@ void collect_callstack(F_CONTEXT *stacks)
 		CELL top = (CELL)stacks->callstack_top;
 		CELL bottom = (CELL)stacks->callstack_bottom;
 
-		GC_PRINT("Collect callstack %ld %ld\n",top,bottom);
 		iterate_callstack(top,bottom,collect_stack_frame);
-		GC_PRINT("Done\n");
 	}
 }
 
@@ -486,7 +456,6 @@ void collect_gc_locals(void)
 the user environment and extra roots registered with REGISTER_ROOT */
 void collect_roots(void)
 {
-	GC_PRINT("Collect roots\n");
 	copy_handle(&T);
 	copy_handle(&bignum_zero);
 	copy_handle(&bignum_pos_one);
@@ -519,11 +488,10 @@ void collect_roots(void)
 /* Given a pointer to oldspace, copy it to newspace */
 INLINE void *copy_untagged_object(void *pointer, CELL size)
 {
-	void *newpointer;
 	if(newspace->here + size >= newspace->end)
 		longjmp(gc_jmp,1);
 	allot_barrier(newspace->here);
-	newpointer = allot_zone(newspace,size);
+	void *newpointer = allot_zone(newspace,size);
 
 	F_GC_STATS *s = &gc_stats[collecting_gen];
 	s->object_count++;
@@ -593,6 +561,9 @@ the GC. Some types have a binary payload at the end (string, word, DLL) which
 we ignore. */
 CELL binary_payload_start(CELL pointer)
 {
+	F_TUPLE *tuple;
+	F_TUPLE_LAYOUT *layout;
+
 	switch(untag_header(get(pointer)))
 	{
 	/* these objects do not refer to other objects at all */
@@ -613,8 +584,21 @@ CELL binary_payload_start(CELL pointer)
 	case STRING_TYPE:
 		return sizeof(F_STRING);
 	/* everything else consists entirely of pointers */
+	case ARRAY_TYPE:
+		return array_size(array_capacity((F_ARRAY*)pointer));
+	case TUPLE_TYPE:
+		tuple = untag_object(pointer);
+		layout = untag_object(tuple->layout);
+		return tuple_size(layout);
+	case RATIO_TYPE:
+		return sizeof(F_RATIO);
+	case COMPLEX_TYPE:
+		return sizeof(F_COMPLEX);
+	case WRAPPER_TYPE:
+		return sizeof(F_WRAPPER);
 	default:
-		return unaligned_object_size(pointer);
+		critical_error("Invalid header",pointer);
+		return -1; /* can't happen */
 	}
 }
 
@@ -644,19 +628,15 @@ void do_code_slots(CELL scan)
 	}
 }
 
-/* This function is performance-critical */
-CELL collect_next(CELL scan)
+CELL collect_next_nursery(CELL scan)
 {
 	CELL *obj = (CELL *)scan;
 	CELL *end = (CELL *)(scan + binary_payload_start(scan));
 
-	obj++;
-
-	CELL newspace_start = newspace->start;
-	CELL newspace_end = newspace->end;
-
-	if(HAVE_NURSERY_P && collecting_gen == NURSERY)
+	if(obj != end)
 	{
+		obj++;
+
 		CELL nursery_start = nursery.start;
 		CELL nursery_end = nursery.end;
 
@@ -669,12 +649,24 @@ CELL collect_next(CELL scan)
 				*obj = copy_object(pointer);
 		}
 	}
-	else if(HAVE_AGING_P && collecting_gen == AGING)
-	{
-		F_ZONE *tenured = &data_heap->generations[TENURED];
 
-		CELL tenured_start = tenured->start;
-		CELL tenured_end = tenured->end;
+	return scan + untagged_object_size(scan);
+}
+
+CELL collect_next_aging(CELL scan)
+{
+	CELL *obj = (CELL *)scan;
+	CELL *end = (CELL *)(scan + binary_payload_start(scan));
+
+	if(obj != end)
+	{
+		obj++;
+
+		CELL tenured_start = data_heap->generations[TENURED].start;
+		CELL tenured_end = data_heap->generations[TENURED].end;
+
+		CELL newspace_start = newspace->start;
+		CELL newspace_end = newspace->end;
 
 		for(; obj < end; obj++)
 		{
@@ -686,25 +678,56 @@ CELL collect_next(CELL scan)
 				*obj = copy_object(pointer);
 		}
 	}
-	else if(collecting_gen == TENURED)
+
+	return scan + untagged_object_size(scan);
+}
+
+/* This function is performance-critical */
+CELL collect_next_tenured(CELL scan)
+{
+	CELL *obj = (CELL *)scan;
+	CELL *end = (CELL *)(scan + binary_payload_start(scan));
+
+	if(obj != end)
 	{
+		obj++;
+
+		CELL newspace_start = newspace->start;
+		CELL newspace_end = newspace->end;
+
 		for(; obj < end; obj++)
 		{
 			CELL pointer = *obj;
 
-			if(!immediate_p(pointer)
-				&& !(pointer >= newspace_start && pointer < newspace_end))
+			if(!immediate_p(pointer) && !(pointer >= newspace_start && pointer < newspace_end))
 				*obj = copy_object(pointer);
 		}
-
-		do_code_slots(scan);
 	}
-	else
-		critical_error("Bug in collect_next",0);
+
+	do_code_slots(scan);
 
 	return scan + untagged_object_size(scan);
 }
 
+void collect_next_loop(CELL scan, CELL *end)
+{
+	if(HAVE_NURSERY_P && collecting_gen == NURSERY)
+	{
+		while(scan < *end)
+			scan = collect_next_nursery(scan);
+	}
+	else if(HAVE_AGING_P && collecting_gen == AGING)
+	{
+		while(scan < *end)
+			scan = collect_next_aging(scan);
+	}
+	else if(collecting_gen == TENURED)
+	{
+		while(scan < *end)
+			scan = collect_next_tenured(scan);
+	}
+}
+
 INLINE void reset_generation(CELL i)
 {
 	F_ZONE *z = (i == NURSERY ? &nursery : &data_heap->generations[i]);
@@ -759,14 +782,6 @@ void begin_gc(CELL requested_bytes)
 		so we set the newspace so the next generation. */
 		newspace = &data_heap->generations[collecting_gen + 1];
 	}
-
-#ifdef GC_DEBUG
-	printf("\n");
-	dump_generations();
-	printf("Newspace: ");
-	dump_zone(newspace);
-	printf("\n");
-#endif
 }
 
 void end_gc(CELL gc_elapsed)
@@ -793,6 +808,10 @@ void end_gc(CELL gc_elapsed)
 		if(collecting_gen != NURSERY)
 			reset_generations(NURSERY,collecting_gen - 1);
 	}
+	else if(HAVE_NURSERY_P && collecting_gen == NURSERY)
+	{
+		nursery.here = nursery.start;
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		/* all generations up to and including the one
@@ -823,9 +842,7 @@ void garbage_collection(CELL gen,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	GC_PRINT(GC_REQUESTED,growing_data_heap_,requested_bytes);
-
-	s64 start = current_millis();
+	s64 start = current_micros();
 
 	performing_gc = true;
 	growing_data_heap = growing_data_heap_;
@@ -858,7 +875,6 @@ void garbage_collection(CELL gen,
 		}
 	}
 
-	GC_PRINT(BEGIN_GC,growing_data_heap,collecting_gen);
 	begin_gc(requested_bytes);
 
 	/* initialize chase pointer */
@@ -869,12 +885,13 @@ void garbage_collection(CELL gen,
 	/* collect objects referenced from older generations */
 	collect_cards();
 
-	if(collecting_gen != TENURED)
+	/* don't scan code heap unless it has pointers to this
+	generation or younger */
+	if(collecting_gen >= last_code_heap_scan)
 	{
-		/* don't scan code heap unless it has pointers to this
-		generation or younger */
-		if(collecting_gen >= last_code_heap_scan)
+		if(collecting_gen != TENURED)
 		{
+		
 			/* if we are doing code GC, then we will copy over
 			literals from any code block which gets marked as live.
 			if we are not doing code GC, just consider all literals
@@ -882,20 +899,18 @@ void garbage_collection(CELL gen,
 			code_heap_scans++;
 
 			collect_literals();
-
-			if(collecting_accumulation_gen_p())
-				last_code_heap_scan = collecting_gen;
-			else
-				last_code_heap_scan = collecting_gen + 1;
 		}
+
+		if(collecting_accumulation_gen_p())
+			last_code_heap_scan = collecting_gen;
+		else
+			last_code_heap_scan = collecting_gen + 1;
 	}
 
-	while(scan < newspace->here)
-		scan = collect_next(scan);
+	collect_next_loop(scan,&newspace->here);
 
-	CELL gc_elapsed = (current_millis() - start);
+	CELL gc_elapsed = (current_micros() - start);
 
-	GC_PRINT(END_GC,gc_elapsed);
 	end_gc(gc_elapsed);
 
 	performing_gc = false;
@@ -911,24 +926,24 @@ void minor_gc(void)
 	garbage_collection(NURSERY,false,0);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(gc)
+void primitive_gc(void)
 {
 	gc();
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(gc_stats)
+void primitive_gc_stats(void)
 {
 	GROWABLE_ARRAY(stats);
 
 	CELL i;
-	CELL total_gc_time = 0;
+	u64 total_gc_time = 0;
 
 	for(i = 0; i < MAX_GEN_COUNT; i++)
 	{
 		F_GC_STATS *s = &gc_stats[i];
 		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(s->collections));
-		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(s->gc_time));
-		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(s->max_gc_time));
+		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(s->gc_time)));
+		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(s->max_gc_time)));
 		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(s->collections == 0 ? 0 : s->gc_time / s->collections));
 		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(s->object_count));
 		GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(s->bytes_copied)));
@@ -936,7 +951,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(gc_stats)
 		total_gc_time += s->gc_time;
 	}
 
-	GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(total_gc_time));
+	GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(total_gc_time)));
 	GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(cards_scanned)));
 	GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,tag_bignum(long_long_to_bignum(decks_scanned)));
 	GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(stats,allot_cell(code_heap_scans));
@@ -945,12 +960,12 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(gc_stats)
 	dpush(stats);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(gc_reset)
+void primitive_gc_reset(void)
 {
 	gc_reset();
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(become)
+void primitive_become(void)
 {
 	F_ARRAY *new_objects = untag_array(dpop());
 	F_ARRAY *old_objects = untag_array(dpop());
@@ -970,6 +985,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(become)
 	}
 
 	gc();
+	iterate_code_heap(relocate_code_block);
 }
 
 CELL find_all_words(void)
diff --git a/vm/data_gc.h b/vm/data_gc.h
index 3c21695c2c..4ec3fdd5f2 100755
--- a/vm/data_gc.h
+++ b/vm/data_gc.h
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ CELL binary_payload_start(CELL pointer);
 void begin_scan(void);
 CELL next_object(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(data_room);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(size);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(begin_scan);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(next_object);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(end_scan);
+void primitive_data_room(void);
+void primitive_size(void);
+void primitive_begin_scan(void);
+void primitive_next_object(void);
+void primitive_end_scan(void);
 
 void gc(void);
 DLLEXPORT void minor_gc(void);
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ void init_data_heap(CELL gens,
 /* statistics */
 typedef struct {
 	CELL collections;
-	CELL gc_time;
-	CELL max_gc_time;
+	u64 gc_time;
+	u64 max_gc_time;
 	CELL object_count;
 	u64 bytes_copied;
 } F_GC_STATS;
@@ -386,11 +386,11 @@ INLINE void* allot_object(CELL type, CELL a)
 	return object;
 }
 
-CELL collect_next(CELL scan);
+void collect_next_loop(CELL scan, CELL *end);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(gc);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(gc_stats);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(gc_reset);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(become);
+void primitive_gc(void);
+void primitive_gc_stats(void);
+void primitive_gc_reset(void);
+void primitive_become(void);
 
 CELL find_all_words(void);
diff --git a/vm/debug.c b/vm/debug.c
index 2550931c72..909cc8f710 100755
--- a/vm/debug.c
+++ b/vm/debug.c
@@ -15,20 +15,20 @@ void print_word(F_WORD* word, CELL nesting)
 	if(type_of(word->vocabulary) == STRING_TYPE)
 	{
 		print_chars(untag_string(word->vocabulary));
-		printf(":");
+		print_string(":");
 	}
 	
 	if(type_of(word->name) == STRING_TYPE)
 		print_chars(untag_string(word->name));
 	else
 	{
-		printf("#<not a string: ");
+		print_string("#<not a string: ");
 		print_nested_obj(word->name,nesting);
-		printf(">");
+		print_string(">");
 	}
 }
 
-void print_string(F_STRING* str)
+void print_factor_string(F_STRING* str)
 {
 	putchar('"');
 	print_chars(str);
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ void print_array(F_ARRAY* array, CELL nesting)
 
 	for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
 	{
-		printf(" ");
+		print_string(" ");
 		print_nested_obj(array_nth(array,i),nesting);
 	}
 
 	if(trimmed)
-		printf("...");
+		print_string("...");
 }
 
 void print_tuple(F_TUPLE* tuple, CELL nesting)
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ void print_tuple(F_TUPLE* tuple, CELL nesting)
 	F_TUPLE_LAYOUT *layout = untag_object(tuple->layout);
 	CELL length = to_fixnum(layout->size);
 
-	printf(" ");
+	print_string(" ");
 	print_nested_obj(layout->class,nesting);
 
 	CELL i;
@@ -80,19 +80,19 @@ void print_tuple(F_TUPLE* tuple, CELL nesting)
 
 	for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
 	{
-		printf(" ");
+		print_string(" ");
 		print_nested_obj(tuple_nth(tuple,i),nesting);
 	}
 
 	if(trimmed)
-		printf("...");
+		print_string("...");
 }
 
 void print_nested_obj(CELL obj, F_FIXNUM nesting)
 {
 	if(nesting <= 0 && !full_output)
 	{
-		printf(" ... ");
+		print_string(" ... ");
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -101,35 +101,35 @@ void print_nested_obj(CELL obj, F_FIXNUM nesting)
 	switch(type_of(obj))
 	{
 	case FIXNUM_TYPE:
-		printf("%ld",untag_fixnum_fast(obj));
+		print_fixnum(untag_fixnum_fast(obj));
 		break;
 	case WORD_TYPE:
 		print_word(untag_word(obj),nesting - 1);
 		break;
 	case STRING_TYPE:
-		print_string(untag_string(obj));
+		print_factor_string(untag_string(obj));
 		break;
 	case F_TYPE:
-		printf("f");
+		print_string("f");
 		break;
 	case TUPLE_TYPE:
-		printf("T{");
+		print_string("T{");
 		print_tuple(untag_object(obj),nesting - 1);
-		printf(" }");
+		print_string(" }");
 		break;
 	case ARRAY_TYPE:
-		printf("{");
+		print_string("{");
 		print_array(untag_object(obj),nesting - 1);
-		printf(" }");
+		print_string(" }");
 		break;
 	case QUOTATION_TYPE:
-		printf("[");
+		print_string("[");
 		quot = untag_object(obj);
 		print_array(untag_object(quot->array),nesting - 1);
-		printf(" ]");
+		print_string(" ]");
 		break;
 	default:
-		printf("#<type %ld @ %lx>",type_of(obj),obj);
+		print_string("#<type "); print_cell(type_of(obj)); print_string(" @ "); print_cell_hex(obj); print_string(">");
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -144,35 +144,37 @@ void print_objects(CELL start, CELL end)
 	for(; start <= end; start += CELLS)
 	{
 		print_obj(get(start));
-		printf("\n");
+		nl();
 	}
 }
 
 void print_datastack(void)
 {
-	printf("==== DATA STACK:\n");
+	print_string("==== DATA STACK:\n");
 	print_objects(ds_bot,ds);
 }
 
 void print_retainstack(void)
 {
-	printf("==== RETAIN STACK:\n");
+	print_string("==== RETAIN STACK:\n");
 	print_objects(rs_bot,rs);
 }
 
 void print_stack_frame(F_STACK_FRAME *frame)
 {
 	print_obj(frame_executing(frame));
-	printf("\n");
+	print_string("\n");
 	print_obj(frame_scan(frame));
-	printf("\n");
-	printf("%lx\n",(CELL)frame_executing(frame));
-	printf("%lx\n",(CELL)frame->xt);
+	print_string("\n");
+	print_cell_hex((CELL)frame_executing(frame));
+	print_string(" ");
+	print_cell_hex((CELL)frame->xt);
+	print_string("\n");
 }
 
 void print_callstack(void)
 {
-	printf("==== CALL STACK:\n");
+	print_string("==== CALL STACK:\n");
 	CELL bottom = (CELL)stack_chain->callstack_bottom;
 	CELL top = (CELL)stack_chain->callstack_top;
 	iterate_callstack(top,bottom,print_stack_frame);
@@ -180,11 +182,11 @@ void print_callstack(void)
 
 void dump_cell(CELL cell)
 {
-	printf("%08lx: ",cell);
+	print_cell_hex_pad(cell); print_string(": ");
 
 	cell = get(cell);
 
-	printf("%08lx tag %ld",cell,TAG(cell));
+	print_cell_hex_pad(cell); print_string(" tag "); print_cell(TAG(cell));
 
 	switch(TAG(cell))
 	{
@@ -192,24 +194,29 @@ void dump_cell(CELL cell)
 	case BIGNUM_TYPE:
 	case FLOAT_TYPE:
 		if(cell == F)
-			printf(" -- F");
+			print_string(" -- F");
 		else if(cell < TYPE_COUNT<<TAG_BITS)
-			printf(" -- possible header: %ld",cell>>TAG_BITS);
+		{
+			print_string(" -- possible header: ");
+			print_cell(cell>>TAG_BITS);
+		}
 		else if(cell >= data_heap->segment->start
 			&& cell < data_heap->segment->end)
 		{
 			CELL header = get(UNTAG(cell));
 			CELL type = header>>TAG_BITS;
-			printf(" -- object; ");
+			print_string(" -- object; ");
 			if(TAG(header) == 0 && type < TYPE_COUNT)
-				printf(" type %ld",type);
+			{
+				print_string(" type "); print_cell(type);
+			}
 			else
-				printf(" header corrupt");
+				print_string(" header corrupt");
 		}
 		break;
 	}
 	
-	printf("\n");
+	nl();
 }
 
 void dump_memory(CELL from, CELL to)
@@ -222,32 +229,35 @@ void dump_memory(CELL from, CELL to)
 
 void dump_zone(F_ZONE *z)
 {
-	printf("start=%ld, size=%ld, here=%ld\n",
-		z->start,z->size,z->here - z->start);
+	print_string("Start="); print_cell(z->start);
+	print_string(", size="); print_cell(z->size);
+	print_string(", here="); print_cell(z->here - z->start); nl();
 }
 
 void dump_generations(void)
 {
-	int i;
+	CELL i;
 
-	printf("Nursery: ");
+	print_string("Nursery: ");
 	dump_zone(&nursery);
 	
 	for(i = 1; i < data_heap->gen_count; i++)
 	{
-		printf("Generation %d: ",i);
+		print_string("Generation "); print_cell(i); print_string(": ");
 		dump_zone(&data_heap->generations[i]);
 	}
 
 	for(i = 0; i < data_heap->gen_count; i++)
 	{
-		printf("Semispace %d: ",i);
+		print_string("Semispace "); print_cell(i); print_string(": ");
 		dump_zone(&data_heap->semispaces[i]);
 	}
 
-	printf("Cards: base=%lx, size=%lx\n",
-		(CELL)data_heap->cards,
-		(CELL)(data_heap->cards_end - data_heap->cards));
+	print_string("Cards: base=");
+	print_cell((CELL)data_heap->cards);
+	print_string(", size=");
+	print_cell((CELL)(data_heap->cards_end - data_heap->cards));
+	nl();
 }
 
 void dump_objects(F_FIXNUM type)
@@ -260,9 +270,10 @@ void dump_objects(F_FIXNUM type)
 	{
 		if(type == -1 || type_of(obj) == type)
 		{
-			printf("%lx ",obj);
+			print_cell_hex_pad(obj);
+			print_string(" ");
 			print_nested_obj(obj,2);
-			printf("\n");
+			nl();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -277,9 +288,10 @@ void find_data_references_step(CELL *scan)
 {
 	if(look_for == *scan)
 	{
-		printf("%lx ",obj);
+		print_cell_hex_pad(obj);
+		print_string(" ");
 		print_nested_obj(obj,2);
-		printf("\n");
+		nl();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -312,9 +324,10 @@ void find_code_references_step(F_COMPILED *compiled, CELL code_start, CELL liter
 
 		if(look_for == get(scan))
 		{
-			printf("%lx ",obj);
+			print_cell_hex_pad(obj);
+			print_string(" ");
 			print_nested_obj(obj,2);
-			printf("\n");
+			nl();
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -329,34 +342,34 @@ void factorbug(void)
 {
 	if(fep_disabled)
 	{
-		printf("Low level debugger disabled\n");
+		print_string("Low level debugger disabled\n");
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
-	open_console();
+	/* open_console(); */
 
-	printf("Starting low level debugger...\n");
-	printf("  Basic commands:\n");
-	printf("q                -- continue executing Factor - NOT SAFE\n");
-	printf("im               -- save image to fep.image\n");
-	printf("x                -- exit Factor\n");
-	printf("  Advanced commands:\n");
-	printf("d <addr> <count> -- dump memory\n");
-	printf("u <addr>         -- dump object at tagged <addr>\n");
-	printf(". <addr>         -- print object at tagged <addr>\n");
-	printf("t                -- toggle output trimming\n");
-	printf("s r              -- dump data, retain stacks\n");
-	printf(".s .r .c         -- print data, retain, call stacks\n");
-	printf("e                -- dump environment\n");
-	printf("g                -- dump generations\n");
-	printf("card <addr>      -- print card containing address\n");
-	printf("addr <card>      -- print address containing card\n");
-	printf("data             -- data heap dump\n");
-	printf("words            -- words dump\n");
-	printf("tuples           -- tuples dump\n");
-	printf("refs <addr>      -- find data heap references to object\n");
-	printf("push <addr>      -- push object on data stack - NOT SAFE\n");
-	printf("code             -- code heap dump\n");
+	print_string("Starting low level debugger...\n");
+	print_string("  Basic commands:\n");
+	print_string("q                -- continue executing Factor - NOT SAFE\n");
+	print_string("im               -- save image to fep.image\n");
+	print_string("x                -- exit Factor\n");
+	print_string("  Advanced commands:\n");
+	print_string("d <addr> <count> -- dump memory\n");
+	print_string("u <addr>         -- dump object at tagged <addr>\n");
+	print_string(". <addr>         -- print object at tagged <addr>\n");
+	print_string("t                -- toggle output trimming\n");
+	print_string("s r              -- dump data, retain stacks\n");
+	print_string(".s .r .c         -- print data, retain, call stacks\n");
+	print_string("e                -- dump environment\n");
+	print_string("g                -- dump generations\n");
+	print_string("card <addr>      -- print card containing address\n");
+	print_string("addr <card>      -- print address containing card\n");
+	print_string("data             -- data heap dump\n");
+	print_string("words            -- words dump\n");
+	print_string("tuples           -- tuples dump\n");
+	print_string("refs <addr>      -- find data heap references to object\n");
+	print_string("push <addr>      -- push object on data stack - NOT SAFE\n");
+	print_string("code             -- code heap dump\n");
 
 	bool seen_command = false;
 
@@ -364,7 +377,7 @@ void factorbug(void)
 	{
 		char cmd[1024];
 
-		printf("READY\n");
+		print_string("READY\n");
 		fflush(stdout);
 
 		if(scanf("%1000s",cmd) <= 0)
@@ -389,23 +402,22 @@ void factorbug(void)
 
 		if(strcmp(cmd,"d") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr, count;
-			scanf("%lx %lx",&addr,&count);
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
+			scanf(" ");
+			CELL count = read_cell_hex();
 			dump_memory(addr,addr+count);
 		}
-		if(strcmp(cmd,"u") == 0)
+		else if(strcmp(cmd,"u") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr, count;
-			scanf("%lx",&addr);
-			count = object_size(addr);
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
+			CELL count = object_size(addr);
 			dump_memory(addr,addr+count);
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,".") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr;
-			scanf("%lx",&addr);
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
 			print_obj(addr);
-			printf("\n");
+			print_string("\n");
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"t") == 0)
 			full_output = !full_output;
@@ -429,15 +441,15 @@ void factorbug(void)
 			dump_generations();
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"card") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr;
-			scanf("%lx",&addr);
-			printf("%lx\n",(CELL)ADDR_TO_CARD(addr));
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
+			print_cell_hex((CELL)ADDR_TO_CARD(addr));
+			nl();
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"addr") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL card;
-			scanf("%lx",&card);
-			printf("%lx\n",(CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(card));
+			CELL card = read_cell_hex();
+			print_cell_hex((CELL)CARD_TO_ADDR(card));
+			nl();
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"q") == 0)
 			return;
@@ -449,13 +461,12 @@ void factorbug(void)
 			dump_objects(-1);
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"refs") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr;
-			scanf("%lx",&addr);
-			printf("Data heap references:\n");
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
+			print_string("Data heap references:\n");
 			find_data_references(addr);
-			printf("Code heap references:\n");
+			print_string("Code heap references:\n");
 			find_code_references(addr);
-			printf("\n");
+			nl();
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"words") == 0)
 			dump_objects(WORD_TYPE);
@@ -463,20 +474,19 @@ void factorbug(void)
 			dump_objects(TUPLE_TYPE);
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"push") == 0)
 		{
-			CELL addr;
-			scanf("%lx",&addr);
+			CELL addr = read_cell_hex();
 			dpush(addr);
 		}
 		else if(strcmp(cmd,"code") == 0)
 			dump_heap(&code_heap);
 		else
-			printf("unknown command\n");
+			print_string("unknown command\n");
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(die)
+void primitive_die(void)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr,"The die word was called by the library. Unless you called it yourself,\n");
-	fprintf(stderr,"you have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
+	print_string("The die word was called by the library. Unless you called it yourself,\n");
+	print_string("you have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
 	factorbug();
 }
diff --git a/vm/debug.h b/vm/debug.h
index 547fdba436..594d8ec919 100755
--- a/vm/debug.h
+++ b/vm/debug.h
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ void dump_zone(F_ZONE *z);
 
 bool fep_disabled;
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(die);
+void primitive_die(void);
diff --git a/vm/errors.c b/vm/errors.c
index 36072920fe..7c06ec1310 100755
--- a/vm/errors.c
+++ b/vm/errors.c
@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@
 
 void out_of_memory(void)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr,"Out of memory\n\n");
+	print_string("Out of memory\n\n");
 	dump_generations();
 	exit(1);
 }
 
 void fatal_error(char* msg, CELL tagged)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr,"fatal_error: %s %lx\n",msg,tagged);
+	print_string("fatal_error: "); print_string(msg);
+	print_string(": "); print_cell_hex(tagged); nl();
 	exit(1);
 }
 
 void critical_error(char* msg, CELL tagged)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr,"You have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
-	fprintf(stderr,"critical_error: %s %lx\n",msg,tagged);
+	print_string("You have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
+	print_string("critical_error: "); print_string(msg);
+	print_string(": "); print_cell_hex(tagged); nl();
 	factorbug();
 }
 
@@ -57,10 +59,10 @@ void throw_error(CELL error, F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top)
 	crash. */
 	else
 	{
-		printf("You have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
-		printf("early_error: ");
+		print_string("You have triggered a bug in Factor. Please report.\n");
+		print_string("early_error: ");
 		print_obj(error);
-		printf("\n");
+		nl();
 		factorbug();
 	}
 }
@@ -142,19 +144,19 @@ void misc_signal_handler_impl(void)
 	signal_error(signal_number,signal_callstack_top);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(throw)
+void primitive_throw(void)
 {
 	dpop();
 	throw_impl(dpop(),stack_chain->callstack_top);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(call_clear)
+void primitive_call_clear(void)
 {
 	throw_impl(dpop(),stack_chain->callstack_bottom);
 }
 
 /* For testing purposes */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(unimplemented)
+void primitive_unimplemented(void)
 {
 	not_implemented_error();
 }
diff --git a/vm/errors.h b/vm/errors.h
index 22cd6533c3..c7f8bc8712 100755
--- a/vm/errors.h
+++ b/vm/errors.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ typedef enum
 void out_of_memory(void);
 void fatal_error(char* msg, CELL tagged);
 void critical_error(char* msg, CELL tagged);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(die);
+void primitive_die(void);
 
 void throw_error(CELL error, F_STACK_FRAME *native_stack);
 void general_error(F_ERRORTYPE error, CELL arg1, CELL arg2, F_STACK_FRAME *native_stack);
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ void signal_error(int signal, F_STACK_FRAME *native_stack);
 void type_error(CELL type, CELL tagged);
 void not_implemented_error(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(throw);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(call_clear);
+void primitive_throw(void);
+void primitive_call_clear(void);
 
 INLINE void type_check(CELL type, CELL tagged)
 {
@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ void memory_signal_handler_impl(void);
 void divide_by_zero_signal_handler_impl(void);
 void misc_signal_handler_impl(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(unimplemented);
+void primitive_unimplemented(void);
diff --git a/vm/factor.c b/vm/factor.c
index c8b07cba64..f198370ebe 100755
--- a/vm/factor.c
+++ b/vm/factor.c
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ void default_parameters(F_PARAMETERS *p)
 /* Do some initialization that we do once only */
 void do_stage1_init(void)
 {
-	fprintf(stderr,"*** Stage 2 early init... ");
-	fflush(stderr);
+	print_string("*** Stage 2 early init... ");
+	fflush(stdout);
 
 	CELL words = find_all_words();
 
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ void do_stage1_init(void)
 
 	userenv[STAGE2_ENV] = T;
 
-	fprintf(stderr,"done\n");
-	fflush(stderr);
+	print_string("done\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 /* Get things started */
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void init_factor(F_PARAMETERS *p)
 	if(p->image == NULL)
 		p->image = default_image_path();
 
-	srand(current_millis());
+	srand(current_micros());
 	init_ffi();
 	init_stacks(p->ds_size,p->rs_size);
 	load_image(p);
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ void factor_yield(void)
 	callback();
 }
 
-void factor_sleep(long ms)
+void factor_sleep(long us)
 {
 	void (*callback)() = alien_offset(userenv[SLEEP_CALLBACK_ENV]);
-	callback(ms);
+	callback(us);
 }
diff --git a/vm/ffi_test.c b/vm/ffi_test.c
index 081ae42ebf..1ec41ac2b9 100755
--- a/vm/ffi_test.c
+++ b/vm/ffi_test.c
@@ -6,91 +6,76 @@
 
 void ffi_test_0(void)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_0()\n");
 }
 
 int ffi_test_1(void)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_1()\n");
 	return 3;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_2(int x, int y)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_2(%d,%d)\n",x,y);
 	return x + y;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_3(int x, int y, int z, int t)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_3(%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",x,y,z,t);
 	return x + y + z * t;
 }
 
 float ffi_test_4(void)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_4()\n");
 	return 1.5;
 }
 
 double ffi_test_5(void)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_5()\n");
 	return 1.5;
 }
 
 double ffi_test_6(float x, float y)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_6(%f,%f)\n",x,y);
 	return x * y;
 }
 
 double ffi_test_7(double x, double y)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_7(%f,%f)\n",x,y);
 	return x * y;
 }
 
 double ffi_test_8(double x, float y, double z, float t, int w)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_8(%f,%f,%f,%f,%d)\n",x,y,z,t,w);
 	return x * y + z * t + w;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_9(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_9(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",a,b,c,d,e,f,g);
 	return a + b + c + d + e + f + g;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_10(int a, int b, double c, int d, float e, int f, int g, int h)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_10(%d,%d,%f,%d,%f,%d,%d,%d)\n",a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h);
 	return a - b - c - d - e - f - g - h;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_11(int a, struct foo b, int c)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_11(%d,{%d,%d},%d)\n",a,b.x,b.y,c);
 	return a * b.x + c * b.y;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_12(int a, int b, struct rect c, int d, int e, int f)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_12(%d,%d,{%f,%f,%f,%f},%d,%d,%d)\n",a,b,c.x,c.y,c.w,c.h,d,e,f);
 	return a + b + c.x + c.y + c.w + c.h + d + e + f;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_13(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h, int i, int j, int k)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_13(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k);
 	return a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k;
 }
 
 struct foo ffi_test_14(int x, int y)
 {
 	struct foo r;
-	printf("ffi_test_14(%d,%d)\n",x,y);
 	r.x = x; r.y = y;
 	return r;
 }
@@ -119,7 +104,6 @@ struct tiny ffi_test_17(int x)
 
 F_STDCALL int ffi_test_18(int x, int y, int z, int t)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_18(%d,%d,%d,%d)\n",x,y,z,t);
 	return x + y + z * t;
 }
 
@@ -134,8 +118,6 @@ void ffi_test_20(double x1, double x2, double x3,
 	double y1, double y2, double y3,
 	double z1, double z2, double z3)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_20(%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f)\n",
-		x1, x2, x3, y1, y2, y3, z1, z2, z3);
 }
 
 long long ffi_test_21(long x, long y)
@@ -145,7 +127,6 @@ long long ffi_test_21(long x, long y)
 
 long ffi_test_22(long x, long long y, long long z)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_22(%ld,%lld,%lld)\n",x,y,z);
 	return x + y / z;
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +205,15 @@ struct test_struct_7 ffi_test_30(void)
 	return s;
 }
 
-void ffi_test_31(int x0, int x1, int x2, int x3, int x4, int x5, int x6, int x7, int x8, int x9, int x10, int x11, int x12, int x13, int x14, int x15, int x16, int x17, int x18, int x19, int x20, int x21, int x22, int x23, int x24, int x25, int x26, int x27, int x28, int x29, int x30, int x31, int x32, int x33, int x34, int x35, int x36, int x37, int x38, int x39, int x40, int x41) { }
+int ffi_test_31(int x0, int x1, int x2, int x3, int x4, int x5, int x6, int x7, int x8, int x9, int x10, int x11, int x12, int x13, int x14, int x15, int x16, int x17, int x18, int x19, int x20, int x21, int x22, int x23, int x24, int x25, int x26, int x27, int x28, int x29, int x30, int x31, int x32, int x33, int x34, int x35, int x36, int x37, int x38, int x39, int x40, int x41)
+{
+	return x0 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 + x9 + x10 + x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 + x15 + x16 + x17 + x18 + x19 + x20 + x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 + x25 + x26 + x27 + x28 + x29 + x30 + x31 + x32 + x33 + x34 + x35 + x36 + x37 + x38 + x39 + x40 + x41;
+}
+
+float ffi_test_31_point_5(float x0, float x1, float x2, float x3, float x4, float x5, float x6, float x7, float x8, float x9, float x10, float x11, float x12, float x13, float x14, float x15, float x16, float x17, float x18, float x19, float x20, float x21, float x22, float x23, float x24, float x25, float x26, float x27, float x28, float x29, float x30, float x31, float x32, float x33, float x34, float x35, float x36, float x37, float x38, float x39, float x40, float x41)
+{
+	return x0 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 + x9 + x10 + x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 + x15 + x16 + x17 + x18 + x19 + x20 + x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 + x25 + x26 + x27 + x28 + x29 + x30 + x31 + x32 + x33 + x34 + x35 + x36 + x37 + x38 + x39 + x40 + x41;
+}
 
 double ffi_test_32(struct test_struct_8 x, int y)
 {
@@ -255,17 +244,12 @@ static int global_var;
 
 void ffi_test_36_point_5(void)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_36_point_5\n");
 	global_var = 0;
 }
 
 int ffi_test_37(int (*f)(int, int, int))
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_37\n");
-	printf("global_var is %d\n",global_var);
 	global_var = f(global_var,global_var * 2,global_var * 3);
-	printf("global_var is %d\n",global_var);
-	fflush(stdout);
 	return global_var;
 }
 
@@ -276,7 +260,6 @@ unsigned long long ffi_test_38(unsigned long long x, unsigned long long y)
 
 int ffi_test_39(long a, long b, struct test_struct_13 s)
 {
-	printf("ffi_test_39(%ld,%ld,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f)\n",a,b,s.x1,s.x2,s.x3,s.x4,s.x5,s.x6);
 	if(a != b) abort();
 	return s.x1 + s.x2 + s.x3 + s.x4 + s.x5 + s.x6;
 }
@@ -286,7 +269,6 @@ struct test_struct_14 ffi_test_40(double x1, double x2)
 	struct test_struct_14 retval;
 	retval.x1 = x1;
 	retval.x2 = x2;
-	printf("ffi_test_40(%f,%f)\n",x1,x2);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -295,7 +277,6 @@ struct test_struct_12 ffi_test_41(int a, double x)
 	struct test_struct_12 retval;
 	retval.a = a;
 	retval.x = x;
-	printf("ffi_test_41(%d,%f)\n",a,x);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -304,7 +285,6 @@ struct test_struct_15 ffi_test_42(float x, float y)
 	struct test_struct_15 retval;
 	retval.x = x;
 	retval.y = y;
-	printf("ffi_test_42(%f,%f)\n",x,y);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -313,7 +293,6 @@ struct test_struct_16 ffi_test_43(float x, int a)
 	struct test_struct_16 retval;
 	retval.x = x;
 	retval.a = a;
-	printf("ffi_test_43(%f,%d)\n",x,a);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -322,6 +301,5 @@ struct test_struct_14 ffi_test_44(void)
 	struct test_struct_14 retval;
 	retval.x1 = 1.0;
 	retval.x2 = 2.0;
-	//printf("ffi_test_44()\n");
 	return retval;
 }
diff --git a/vm/ffi_test.h b/vm/ffi_test.h
index f9195a4285..7c51261157 100755
--- a/vm/ffi_test.h
+++ b/vm/ffi_test.h
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ struct test_struct_6 { char x, y, z, a, b, c; };
 DLLEXPORT struct test_struct_6 ffi_test_29(void);
 struct test_struct_7 { char x, y, z, a, b, c, d; };
 DLLEXPORT struct test_struct_7 ffi_test_30(void);
-DLLEXPORT void ffi_test_31(int x0, int x1, int x2, int x3, int x4, int x5, int x6, int x7, int x8, int x9, int x10, int x11, int x12, int x13, int x14, int x15, int x16, int x17, int x18, int x19, int x20, int x21, int x22, int x23, int x24, int x25, int x26, int x27, int x28, int x29, int x30, int x31, int x32, int x33, int x34, int x35, int x36, int x37, int x38, int x39, int x40, int x41);
+DLLEXPORT int ffi_test_31(int x0, int x1, int x2, int x3, int x4, int x5, int x6, int x7, int x8, int x9, int x10, int x11, int x12, int x13, int x14, int x15, int x16, int x17, int x18, int x19, int x20, int x21, int x22, int x23, int x24, int x25, int x26, int x27, int x28, int x29, int x30, int x31, int x32, int x33, int x34, int x35, int x36, int x37, int x38, int x39, int x40, int x41);
+DLLEXPORT float ffi_test_31_point_5(float x0, float x1, float x2, float x3, float x4, float x5, float x6, float x7, float x8, float x9, float x10, float x11, float x12, float x13, float x14, float x15, float x16, float x17, float x18, float x19, float x20, float x21, float x22, float x23, float x24, float x25, float x26, float x27, float x28, float x29, float x30, float x31, float x32, float x33, float x34, float x35, float x36, float x37, float x38, float x39, float x40, float x41);
 struct test_struct_8 { double x; double y; };
 DLLEXPORT double ffi_test_32(struct test_struct_8 x, int y);
 struct test_struct_9 { float x; float y; };
diff --git a/vm/image.c b/vm/image.c
index 62f9e1c906..6fb5910392 100755
--- a/vm/image.c
+++ b/vm/image.c
@@ -28,12 +28,15 @@ INLINE void load_data_heap(FILE *file, F_HEADER *h, F_PARAMETERS *p)
 
 	F_ZONE *tenured = &data_heap->generations[TENURED];
 
-	long int bytes_read = fread((void*)tenured->start,1,h->data_size,file);
+	F_FIXNUM bytes_read = fread((void*)tenured->start,1,h->data_size,file);
 
 	if(bytes_read != h->data_size)
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr,"truncated image: %ld bytes read, %ld bytes expected\n",
-			bytes_read,h->data_size);
+		print_string("truncated image: ");
+		print_fixnum(bytes_read);
+		print_string(" bytes read, ");
+		print_cell(h->data_size);
+		print_string(" bytes expected\n");
 		fatal_error("load_data_heap failed",0);
 	}
 
@@ -52,11 +55,14 @@ INLINE void load_code_heap(FILE *file, F_HEADER *h, F_PARAMETERS *p)
 
 	if(h->code_size != 0)
 	{
-		long int bytes_read = fread(first_block(&code_heap),1,h->code_size,file);
+		F_FIXNUM bytes_read = fread(first_block(&code_heap),1,h->code_size,file);
 		if(bytes_read != h->code_size)
 		{
-			fprintf(stderr,"truncated image: %ld bytes read, %ld bytes expected\n",
-				bytes_read,h->code_size);
+			print_string("truncated image: ");
+			print_fixnum(bytes_read);
+			print_string(" bytes read, ");
+			print_cell(h->code_size);
+			print_string(" bytes expected\n");
 			fatal_error("load_code_heap failed",0);
 		}
 	}
@@ -72,8 +78,8 @@ void load_image(F_PARAMETERS *p)
 	FILE *file = OPEN_READ(p->image);
 	if(file == NULL)
 	{
-		FPRINTF(stderr,"Cannot open image file: %s\n",p->image);
-		fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",strerror(errno));
+		print_string("Cannot open image file: "); print_native_string(p->image); nl();
+		print_string(strerror(errno)); nl();
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -106,12 +112,11 @@ bool save_image(const F_CHAR *filename)
 	FILE* file;
 	F_HEADER h;
 
-	FPRINTF(stderr,"*** Saving %s...\n",filename);
-
 	file = OPEN_WRITE(filename);
 	if(file == NULL)
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr,"Cannot open image file: %s\n",strerror(errno));
+		print_string("Cannot open image file: "); print_native_string(filename); nl();
+		print_string(strerror(errno)); nl();
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -142,26 +147,26 @@ bool save_image(const F_CHAR *filename)
 
 	if(fwrite((void*)tenured->start,h.data_size,1,file) != 1)
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr,"Save data heap failed: %s\n",strerror(errno));
+		print_string("Save data heap failed: "); print_string(strerror(errno)); nl();
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	if(fwrite(first_block(&code_heap),h.code_size,1,file) != 1)
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr,"Save code heap failed: %s\n",strerror(errno));
+		print_string("Save code heap failed: "); print_string(strerror(errno)); nl();
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	if(fclose(file))
 	{
-		fprintf(stderr,"Failed to close image file: %s\n",strerror(errno));
+		print_string("Failed to close image file: "); print_string(strerror(errno)); nl();
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(save_image)
+void primitive_save_image(void)
 {
 	/* do a full GC to push everything into tenured space */
 	gc();
@@ -169,22 +174,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(save_image)
 	save_image(unbox_native_string());
 }
 
-void strip_compiled_quotations(void)
-{
-	begin_scan();
-	CELL obj;
-	while((obj = next_object()) != F)
-	{
-		if(type_of(obj) == QUOTATION_TYPE)
-		{
-			F_QUOTATION *quot = untag_object(obj);
-			quot->compiledp = F;
-		}
-	}
-	gc_off = false;
-}
-
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(save_image_and_exit)
+void primitive_save_image_and_exit(void)
 {
 	/* We unbox this before doing anything else. This is the only point
 	where we might throw an error, so we have to throw an error here since
@@ -193,9 +183,6 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(save_image_and_exit)
 
 	REGISTER_C_STRING(path);
 
-	/* This reduces deployed image size */
-	strip_compiled_quotations();
-
 	/* strip out userenv data which is set on startup anyway */
 	CELL i;
 	for(i = 0; i < FIRST_SAVE_ENV; i++)
diff --git a/vm/image.h b/vm/image.h
index 9e582fc6c6..6e1b03af0d 100755
--- a/vm/image.h
+++ b/vm/image.h
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ void load_image(F_PARAMETERS *p);
 void init_objects(F_HEADER *h);
 bool save_image(const F_CHAR *file);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(save_image);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(save_image_and_exit);
+void primitive_save_image(void);
+void primitive_save_image_and_exit(void);
 
 /* relocation base of currently loaded image's data heap */
 CELL data_relocation_base;
diff --git a/vm/io.c b/vm/io.c
index bc561f5e5b..bad4854775 100755
--- a/vm/io.c
+++ b/vm/io.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void io_error(void)
 	general_error(ERROR_IO,error,F,NULL);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fopen)
+void primitive_fopen(void)
 {
 	char *mode = unbox_char_string();
 	REGISTER_C_STRING(mode);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fopen)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fgetc)
+void primitive_fgetc(void)
 {
 	FILE* file = unbox_alien();
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fgetc)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fread)
+void primitive_fread(void)
 {
 	FILE* file = unbox_alien();
 	CELL size = unbox_array_size();
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fread)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fputc)
+void primitive_fputc(void)
 {
 	FILE *file = unbox_alien();
 	F_FIXNUM ch = to_fixnum(dpop());
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fputc)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fwrite)
+void primitive_fwrite(void)
 {
 	FILE *file = unbox_alien();
 	F_BYTE_ARRAY *text = untag_byte_array(dpop());
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fwrite)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fflush)
+void primitive_fflush(void)
 {
 	FILE *file = unbox_alien();
 	for(;;)
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fflush)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fclose)
+void primitive_fclose(void)
 {
 	FILE *file = unbox_alien();
 	for(;;)
diff --git a/vm/io.h b/vm/io.h
index f4af9b8bec..08c9dd7807 100755
--- a/vm/io.h
+++ b/vm/io.h
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ void io_error(void);
 int err_no(void);
 void clear_err_no(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fopen);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fgetc);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fread);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fputc);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fwrite);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fflush);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fclose);
+void primitive_fopen(void);
+void primitive_fgetc(void);
+void primitive_fread(void);
+void primitive_fputc(void);
+void primitive_fwrite(void);
+void primitive_fflush(void);
+void primitive_fclose(void);
 
 /* Platform specific primitives */
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(open_file);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(existsp);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(read_dir);
+void primitive_open_file(void);
+void primitive_existsp(void);
+void primitive_read_dir(void);
diff --git a/vm/layouts.h b/vm/layouts.h
index 6dc29efdae..74a4c0475e 100755
--- a/vm/layouts.h
+++ b/vm/layouts.h
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ typedef struct {
 /* The compiled code heap is structured into blocks. */
 typedef struct
 {
-	CELL type; /* this is WORD_TYPE or QUOTATION_TYPE */
+	char type; /* this is WORD_TYPE or QUOTATION_TYPE */
+	char last_scan; /* the youngest generation in which this block's literals may live */
 	CELL code_length; /* # bytes */
 	CELL literals_length; /* # bytes */
 	CELL relocation; /* tagged pointer to byte-array or f */
@@ -201,14 +202,6 @@ typedef struct {
 	void *dll;
 } F_DLL;
 
-typedef struct {
-	CELL header;
-	/* tagged */
-	CELL obj;
-	/* tagged */
-	CELL quot;
-} F_CURRY;
-
 typedef struct {
 	CELL header;
 	/* tagged */
diff --git a/vm/main-windows-nt.c b/vm/main-windows-nt.c
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 743831958b..ef66651846
--- a/vm/main-windows-nt.c
+++ b/vm/main-windows-nt.c
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(
 	int nArgs;
 
 	szArglist = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &nArgs);
-	if( NULL == szArglist )
+	if(NULL == szArglist)
 	{
-		wprintf(L"CommandLineToArgvW failed\n");
+		puts("CommandLineToArgvW failed");
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/vm/math.c b/vm/math.c
index 7d3b64ed39..dd01e852ad 100644
--- a/vm/math.c
+++ b/vm/math.c
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "master.h"
 
 /* Fixnums */
-
 F_FIXNUM to_fixnum(CELL tagged)
 {
 	switch(TAG(tagged))
@@ -21,113 +20,110 @@ CELL to_cell(CELL tagged)
 	return (CELL)to_fixnum(tagged);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_to_fixnum)
+void primitive_bignum_to_fixnum(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_fixnum(bignum_to_fixnum(untag_object(dpeek()))));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_fixnum)
+void primitive_float_to_fixnum(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_fixnum(float_to_fixnum(dpeek())));
 }
 
-#define POP_FIXNUMS(x,y) \
+/* The fixnum+, fixnum- and fixnum* primitives are defined in cpu_*.S. On
+overflow, they call these functions. */
+F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_add(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y)
+{
+	drepl(tag_bignum(fixnum_to_bignum(
+		untag_fixnum_fast(x) + untag_fixnum_fast(y))));
+}
+
+F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_subtract(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y)
+{
+	drepl(tag_bignum(fixnum_to_bignum(
+		untag_fixnum_fast(x) - untag_fixnum_fast(y))));
+}
+
+F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_multiply(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y)
+{
+	F_ARRAY *bx = fixnum_to_bignum(x);
+	REGISTER_BIGNUM(bx);
+	F_ARRAY *by = fixnum_to_bignum(y);
+	UNREGISTER_BIGNUM(bx);
+	drepl(tag_bignum(bignum_multiply(bx,by)));
+}
+
+/* Division can only overflow when we are dividing the most negative fixnum
+by -1. */
+void primitive_fixnum_divint(void)
+{
 	F_FIXNUM y = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop()); \
-	F_FIXNUM x = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
-
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_add)
-{
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
-	box_signed_cell(x + y);
+	F_FIXNUM x = untag_fixnum_fast(dpeek());
+	F_FIXNUM result = x / y;
+	if(result == -FIXNUM_MIN)
+		drepl(allot_integer(-FIXNUM_MIN));
+	else
+		drepl(tag_fixnum(result));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_subtract)
+void primitive_fixnum_divmod(void)
 {
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
-	box_signed_cell(x - y);
-}
-
-/* Multiply two integers, and trap overflow.
-Thanks to David Blaikie (The_Vulture from freenode #java) for the hint. */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_multiply)
-{
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
-
-	if(x == 0 || y == 0)
-		dpush(tag_fixnum(0));
+	F_FIXNUM y = get(ds);
+	F_FIXNUM x = get(ds - CELLS);
+	if(y == tag_fixnum(-1) && x == tag_fixnum(FIXNUM_MIN))
+	{
+		put(ds - CELLS,allot_integer(-FIXNUM_MIN));
+		put(ds,tag_fixnum(0));
+	}
 	else
 	{
-		F_FIXNUM prod = x * y;
-		/* if this is not equal, we have overflow */
-		if(prod / x == y)
-			box_signed_cell(prod);
-		else
-		{
-			F_ARRAY *bx = fixnum_to_bignum(x);
-			REGISTER_BIGNUM(bx);
-			F_ARRAY *by = fixnum_to_bignum(y);
-			UNREGISTER_BIGNUM(bx);
-			dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_multiply(bx,by)));
-		}
+		put(ds - CELLS,tag_fixnum(x / y));
+		put(ds,x % y);
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_divint)
-{
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
-	box_signed_cell(x / y);
-}
-
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_divmod)
-{
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
-	box_signed_cell(x / y);
-	dpush(tag_fixnum(x % y));
-}
-
 /*
- * Note the hairy overflow check.
  * If we're shifting right by n bits, we won't overflow as long as none of the
  * high WORD_SIZE-TAG_BITS-n bits are set.
  */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_shift)
-{
-	POP_FIXNUMS(x,y)
+#define SIGN_MASK(x) ((x) >> (WORD_SIZE - 1))
+#define BRANCHLESS_MAX(x,y) ((x) - (((x) - (y)) & SIGN_MASK((x) - (y))))
+#define BRANCHLESS_ABS(x) ((x ^ SIGN_MASK(x)) - SIGN_MASK(x))
 
-	if(x == 0 || y == 0)
-	{
-		dpush(tag_fixnum(x));
+void primitive_fixnum_shift(void)
+{
+	F_FIXNUM y = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop()); \
+	F_FIXNUM x = untag_fixnum_fast(dpeek());
+
+	if(x == 0)
 		return;
-	}
 	else if(y < 0)
 	{
-		if(y <= -WORD_SIZE)
-			dpush(x < 0 ? tag_fixnum(-1) : tag_fixnum(0));
-		else
-			dpush(tag_fixnum(x >> -y));
+		y = BRANCHLESS_MAX(y,-WORD_SIZE + 1);
+		drepl(tag_fixnum(x >> -y));
 		return;
 	}
 	else if(y < WORD_SIZE - TAG_BITS)
 	{
-		F_FIXNUM mask = -(1L << (WORD_SIZE - 1 - TAG_BITS - y));
-		if((x > 0 && (x & mask) == 0) || (x & mask) == mask)
+		F_FIXNUM mask = -((F_FIXNUM)1 << (WORD_SIZE - 1 - TAG_BITS - y));
+		if(!(BRANCHLESS_ABS(x) & mask))
 		{
-			dpush(tag_fixnum(x << y));
+			drepl(tag_fixnum(x << y));
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 
-	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_arithmetic_shift(
+	drepl(tag_bignum(bignum_arithmetic_shift(
 		fixnum_to_bignum(x),y)));
 }
 
 /* Bignums */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_to_bignum)
+void primitive_fixnum_to_bignum(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_bignum(fixnum_to_bignum(untag_fixnum_fast(dpeek()))));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_bignum)
+void primitive_float_to_bignum(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_bignum(float_to_bignum(dpeek())));
 }
@@ -136,37 +132,37 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_bignum)
 	F_ARRAY *y = untag_object(dpop()); \
 	F_ARRAY *x = untag_object(dpop());
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_eq)
+void primitive_bignum_eq(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(bignum_equal_p(x,y));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_add)
+void primitive_bignum_add(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_add(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_subtract)
+void primitive_bignum_subtract(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_subtract(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_multiply)
+void primitive_bignum_multiply(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_multiply(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_divint)
+void primitive_bignum_divint(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_quotient(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_divmod)
+void primitive_bignum_divmod(void)
 {
 	F_ARRAY *q, *r;
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
@@ -175,74 +171,74 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_divmod)
 	dpush(tag_bignum(r));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_mod)
+void primitive_bignum_mod(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_remainder(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_and)
+void primitive_bignum_and(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_bitwise_and(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_or)
+void primitive_bignum_or(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_bitwise_ior(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_xor)
+void primitive_bignum_xor(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_bitwise_xor(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_shift)
+void primitive_bignum_shift(void)
 {
 	F_FIXNUM y = to_fixnum(dpop());
         F_ARRAY* x = untag_object(dpop());
 	dpush(tag_bignum(bignum_arithmetic_shift(x,y)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_less)
+void primitive_bignum_less(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(bignum_compare(x,y) == bignum_comparison_less);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_lesseq)
+void primitive_bignum_lesseq(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(bignum_compare(x,y) != bignum_comparison_greater);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_greater)
+void primitive_bignum_greater(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(bignum_compare(x,y) == bignum_comparison_greater);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_greatereq)
+void primitive_bignum_greatereq(void)
 {
 	POP_BIGNUMS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(bignum_compare(x,y) != bignum_comparison_less);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_not)
+void primitive_bignum_not(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_bignum(bignum_bitwise_not(untag_object(dpeek()))));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_bitp)
+void primitive_bignum_bitp(void)
 {
 	F_FIXNUM bit = to_fixnum(dpop());
 	F_ARRAY *x = untag_object(dpop());
 	box_boolean(bignum_logbitp(bit,x));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_log2)
+void primitive_bignum_log2(void)
 {
 	drepl(tag_bignum(bignum_integer_length(untag_object(dpeek()))));
 }
@@ -253,7 +249,7 @@ unsigned int bignum_producer(unsigned int digit)
 	return *(ptr + digit);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(byte_array_to_bignum)
+void primitive_byte_array_to_bignum(void)
 {
 	type_check(BYTE_ARRAY_TYPE,dpeek());
 	CELL n_digits = array_capacity(untag_object(dpeek()));
@@ -383,7 +379,7 @@ CELL unbox_array_size(void)
 
 /* Does not reduce to lowest terms, so should only be used by math
 library implementation, to avoid breaking invariants. */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(from_fraction)
+void primitive_from_fraction(void)
 {
 	F_RATIO* ratio = allot_object(RATIO_TYPE,sizeof(F_RATIO));
 	ratio->denominator = dpop();
@@ -392,17 +388,17 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(from_fraction)
 }
 
 /* Floats */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_to_float)
+void primitive_fixnum_to_float(void)
 {
 	drepl(allot_float(fixnum_to_float(dpeek())));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_to_float)
+void primitive_bignum_to_float(void)
 {
 	drepl(allot_float(bignum_to_float(dpeek())));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(str_to_float)
+void primitive_str_to_float(void)
 {
 	char *c_str, *end;
 	double f;
@@ -418,7 +414,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(str_to_float)
 		drepl(allot_float(f));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_str)
+void primitive_float_to_str(void)
 {
 	char tmp[33];
 	snprintf(tmp,32,"%.16g",untag_float(dpop()));
@@ -430,82 +426,82 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_str)
 	double y = untag_float_fast(dpop()); \
 	double x = untag_float_fast(dpop());
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_eq)
+void primitive_float_eq(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(x == y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_add)
+void primitive_float_add(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_double(x + y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_subtract)
+void primitive_float_subtract(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_double(x - y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_multiply)
+void primitive_float_multiply(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_double(x * y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_divfloat)
+void primitive_float_divfloat(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_double(x / y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_mod)
+void primitive_float_mod(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_double(fmod(x,y));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_less)
+void primitive_float_less(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(x < y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_lesseq)
+void primitive_float_lesseq(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(x <= y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_greater)
+void primitive_float_greater(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(x > y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_greatereq)
+void primitive_float_greatereq(void)
 {
 	POP_FLOATS(x,y);
 	box_boolean(x >= y);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(float_bits)
+void primitive_float_bits(void)
 {
 	box_unsigned_4(float_bits(untag_float(dpop())));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bits_float)
+void primitive_bits_float(void)
 {
 	box_float(bits_float(to_cell(dpop())));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(double_bits)
+void primitive_double_bits(void)
 {
 	box_unsigned_8(double_bits(untag_float(dpop())));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(bits_double)
+void primitive_bits_double(void)
 {
 	box_double(bits_double(to_unsigned_8(dpop())));
 }
@@ -532,7 +528,7 @@ void box_double(double flo)
 
 /* Complex numbers */
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(from_rect)
+void primitive_from_rect(void)
 {
 	F_COMPLEX* complex = allot_object(COMPLEX_TYPE,sizeof(F_COMPLEX));
 	complex->imaginary = dpop();
diff --git a/vm/math.h b/vm/math.h
index 07d7fa9199..f94f12b76d 100644
--- a/vm/math.h
+++ b/vm/math.h
@@ -6,15 +6,20 @@
 DLLEXPORT F_FIXNUM to_fixnum(CELL tagged);
 DLLEXPORT CELL to_cell(CELL tagged);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_to_fixnum);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_fixnum);
+void primitive_bignum_to_fixnum(void);
+void primitive_float_to_fixnum(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_add);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_subtract);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_multiply);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_divint);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_divmod);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_shift);
+void primitive_fixnum_add(void);
+void primitive_fixnum_subtract(void);
+void primitive_fixnum_multiply(void);
+
+DLLEXPORT F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_add(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y);
+DLLEXPORT F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_subtract(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y);
+DLLEXPORT F_FASTCALL void overflow_fixnum_multiply(F_FIXNUM x, F_FIXNUM y);
+
+void primitive_fixnum_divint(void);
+void primitive_fixnum_divmod(void);
+void primitive_fixnum_shift(void);
 
 CELL bignum_zero;
 CELL bignum_pos_one;
@@ -25,27 +30,27 @@ INLINE CELL tag_bignum(F_ARRAY* bignum)
 	return RETAG(bignum,BIGNUM_TYPE);
 }
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_to_bignum);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_bignum);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_eq);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_add);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_subtract);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_multiply);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_divint);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_divmod);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_mod);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_and);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_or);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_xor);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_shift);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_less);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_lesseq);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_greater);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_greatereq);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_not);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_bitp);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_log2);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(byte_array_to_bignum);
+void primitive_fixnum_to_bignum(void);
+void primitive_float_to_bignum(void);
+void primitive_bignum_eq(void);
+void primitive_bignum_add(void);
+void primitive_bignum_subtract(void);
+void primitive_bignum_multiply(void);
+void primitive_bignum_divint(void);
+void primitive_bignum_divmod(void);
+void primitive_bignum_mod(void);
+void primitive_bignum_and(void);
+void primitive_bignum_or(void);
+void primitive_bignum_xor(void);
+void primitive_bignum_shift(void);
+void primitive_bignum_less(void);
+void primitive_bignum_lesseq(void);
+void primitive_bignum_greater(void);
+void primitive_bignum_greatereq(void);
+void primitive_bignum_not(void);
+void primitive_bignum_bitp(void);
+void primitive_bignum_log2(void);
+void primitive_byte_array_to_bignum(void);
 
 INLINE CELL allot_integer(F_FIXNUM x)
 {
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ DLLEXPORT u64 to_unsigned_8(CELL obj);
 
 CELL unbox_array_size(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(from_fraction);
+void primitive_from_fraction(void);
 
 INLINE double untag_float_fast(CELL tagged)
 {
@@ -125,26 +130,26 @@ DLLEXPORT float to_float(CELL value);
 DLLEXPORT void box_double(double flo);
 DLLEXPORT double to_double(CELL value);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(fixnum_to_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bignum_to_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(str_to_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_str);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_to_bits);
+void primitive_fixnum_to_float(void);
+void primitive_bignum_to_float(void);
+void primitive_str_to_float(void);
+void primitive_float_to_str(void);
+void primitive_float_to_bits(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_eq);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_add);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_subtract);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_multiply);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_divfloat);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_mod);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_less);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_lesseq);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_greater);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_greatereq);
+void primitive_float_eq(void);
+void primitive_float_add(void);
+void primitive_float_subtract(void);
+void primitive_float_multiply(void);
+void primitive_float_divfloat(void);
+void primitive_float_mod(void);
+void primitive_float_less(void);
+void primitive_float_lesseq(void);
+void primitive_float_greater(void);
+void primitive_float_greatereq(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(float_bits);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bits_float);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(double_bits);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(bits_double);
+void primitive_float_bits(void);
+void primitive_bits_float(void);
+void primitive_double_bits(void);
+void primitive_bits_double(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(from_rect);
+void primitive_from_rect(void);
diff --git a/vm/os-macosx.m b/vm/os-macosx.m
index d14e6ceb23..9b0366ff75 100644
--- a/vm/os-macosx.m
+++ b/vm/os-macosx.m
@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ NS_ENDHANDLER
 
 void early_init(void)
 {
+	SInt32 version;
+	Gestalt(gestaltSystemVersion,&version);
+	if(version <= 0x1050)
+	{
+		printf("Factor requires Mac OS X 10.5 or later.\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
 	[[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
 }
 
diff --git a/vm/os-netbsd.h b/vm/os-netbsd.h
index 54b5d0bcff..6486acda4a 100644
--- a/vm/os-netbsd.h
+++ b/vm/os-netbsd.h
@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@
 
 #define UAP_PROGRAM_COUNTER(uap)    _UC_MACHINE_PC((ucontext_t *)uap)
 
-#define UNKNOWN_TYPE_P(file) ((file)->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN)
 #define DIRECTORY_P(file) ((file)->d_type == DT_DIR)
diff --git a/vm/os-unix.c b/vm/os-unix.c
index 4ca62e6623..952d2683cf 100755
--- a/vm/os-unix.c
+++ b/vm/os-unix.c
@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ void start_thread(void *(*start_routine)(void *))
 
 static void *null_dll;
 
-s64 current_millis(void)
+s64 current_micros(void)
 {
 	struct timeval t;
 	gettimeofday(&t,NULL);
-	return (s64)t.tv_sec * 1000 + t.tv_usec / 1000;
+	return (s64)t.tv_sec * 1000000 + t.tv_usec;
 }
 
-void sleep_millis(CELL msec)
+void sleep_micros(CELL usec)
 {
-	usleep(msec * 1000);
+	usleep(usec);
 }
 
 void init_ffi(void)
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void ffi_dlclose(F_DLL *dll)
 	dll->dll = NULL;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(existsp)
+void primitive_existsp(void)
 {
 	struct stat sb;
 	box_boolean(stat(unbox_char_string(),&sb) >= 0);
diff --git a/vm/os-unix.h b/vm/os-unix.h
index 6db03148cd..b2a1735fd7 100755
--- a/vm/os-unix.h
+++ b/vm/os-unix.h
@@ -23,9 +23,22 @@ typedef char F_SYMBOL;
 #define STRNCMP strncmp
 #define STRDUP strdup
 
+#define FIXNUM_FORMAT "%ld"
+#define CELL_FORMAT "%lu"
+#define CELL_HEX_FORMAT "%lx"
+
+#ifdef FACTOR_64
+	#define CELL_HEX_PAD_FORMAT "%016lx"
+#else
+	#define CELL_HEX_PAD_FORMAT "%08lx"
+#endif
+
+#define FIXNUM_FORMAT "%ld"
+
 #define OPEN_READ(path) fopen(path,"rb")
 #define OPEN_WRITE(path) fopen(path,"wb")
-#define FPRINTF(stream,format,arg) fprintf(stream,format,arg)
+
+#define print_native_string(string) print_string(string)
 
 void start_thread(void *(*start_routine)(void *));
 
@@ -38,7 +51,7 @@ void unix_init_signals(void);
 void signal_handler(int signal, siginfo_t* siginfo, void* uap);
 void dump_stack_signal(int signal, siginfo_t* siginfo, void* uap);
 
-s64 current_millis(void);
-void sleep_millis(CELL msec);
+s64 current_micros(void);
+void sleep_micros(CELL usec);
 
 void open_console(void);
diff --git a/vm/os-windows-ce.c b/vm/os-windows-ce.c
index 9b73692aa0..621198ff7d 100755
--- a/vm/os-windows-ce.c
+++ b/vm/os-windows-ce.c
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #include "master.h"
 
-s64 current_millis(void)
+s64 current_micros(void)
 {
 	SYSTEMTIME st;
 	FILETIME ft;
 	GetSystemTime(&st);
 	SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &ft);
 	return (((s64)ft.dwLowDateTime
-		| (s64)ft.dwHighDateTime<<32) - EPOCH_OFFSET) / 10000;
+		| (s64)ft.dwHighDateTime<<32) - EPOCH_OFFSET) / 10;
 }
 
 char *strerror(int err)
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ char *getenv(char *name)
 	return 0; /* unreachable */
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(os_envs)
+void primitive_os_envs(void)
 {
 	not_implemented_error();
 }
diff --git a/vm/os-windows-ce.h b/vm/os-windows-ce.h
index f1d6df6f3d..a2be5fe475 100755
--- a/vm/os-windows-ce.h
+++ b/vm/os-windows-ce.h
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ char *getenv(char *name);
 #define snprintf _snprintf
 #define snwprintf _snwprintf
 
-s64 current_millis(void);
+s64 current_micros(void);
 void c_to_factor_toplevel(CELL quot);
 void open_console(void);
diff --git a/vm/os-windows-nt.c b/vm/os-windows-nt.c
index 54afd1c147..f982abfb1b 100755
--- a/vm/os-windows-nt.c
+++ b/vm/os-windows-nt.c
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "master.h"
 
-s64 current_millis(void)
+s64 current_micros(void)
 {
 	FILETIME t;
 	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&t);
 	return (((s64)t.dwLowDateTime | (s64)t.dwHighDateTime<<32)
-		- EPOCH_OFFSET) / 10000;
+		- EPOCH_OFFSET) / 10;
 }
 
 long exception_handler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pe)
@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ long exception_handler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pe)
 		signal_number = ERROR_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
 		c->EIP = (CELL)divide_by_zero_signal_handler_impl;
 	}
-	else
+	/* If the Widcomm bluetooth stack is installed, the BTTray.exe process
+	injects code into running programs. For some reason this results in
+	random SEH exceptions with this (undocumented) exception code being
+	raised. The workaround seems to be ignoring this altogether, since that
+	is what happens if SEH is not enabled. Don't really have any idea what
+	this exception means. */
+	else if(e->ExceptionCode != 0x40010006)
 	{
 		signal_number = 11;
 		c->EIP = (CELL)misc_signal_handler_impl;
diff --git a/vm/os-windows.c b/vm/os-windows.c
index c19aa5c4b5..ee2c721111 100755
--- a/vm/os-windows.c
+++ b/vm/os-windows.c
@@ -87,12 +87,11 @@ const F_CHAR *vm_executable_path(void)
 	return safe_strdup(full_path);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(existsp)
+void primitive_existsp(void)
 {
 	BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION bhfi;
 
 	F_CHAR *path = unbox_u16_string();
-	//wprintf(L"path = %s\n", path);
 	HANDLE h = CreateFileW(path,
 			GENERIC_READ,
 			FILE_SHARE_READ,
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ long getpagesize(void)
 	return g_pagesize;
 }
 
-void sleep_millis(DWORD msec)
+void sleep_micros(DWORD usec)
 {
-	Sleep(msec);
+	Sleep(usec);
 }
diff --git a/vm/os-windows.h b/vm/os-windows.h
index f292c407e5..af9b75bca5 100755
--- a/vm/os-windows.h
+++ b/vm/os-windows.h
@@ -20,10 +20,22 @@ typedef wchar_t F_CHAR;
 #define STRNCMP wcsncmp
 #define STRDUP _wcsdup
 
+#define FIXNUM_FORMAT "%Id"
+#define CELL_FORMAT "%lu"
+#define CELL_HEX_FORMAT "%Ix"
+
+#ifdef WIN64
+	#define CELL_HEX_PAD_FORMAT "%016Ix"
+#else
+	#define CELL_HEX_PAD_FORMAT "%08lx"
+#endif
+
+#define FIXNUM_FORMAT "%Id"
+
 #define OPEN_READ(path) _wfopen(path,L"rb")
 #define OPEN_WRITE(path) _wfopen(path,L"wb")
-#define FPRINTF(stream,format,arg) fwprintf(stream,L##format,arg)
 
+#define print_native_string(string) wprintf(L"%s",string)
 
 /* Difference between Jan 1 00:00:00 1601 and Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 */
 #define EPOCH_OFFSET 0x019db1ded53e8000LL
@@ -37,7 +49,7 @@ void ffi_dlopen(F_DLL *dll);
 void *ffi_dlsym(F_DLL *dll, F_SYMBOL *symbol);
 void ffi_dlclose(F_DLL *dll);
 
-void sleep_millis(DWORD msec);
+void sleep_micros(DWORD msec);
 
 INLINE void init_signals(void) {}
 INLINE void early_init(void) {}
@@ -45,5 +57,5 @@ const F_CHAR *vm_executable_path(void);
 const F_CHAR *default_image_path(void);
 long getpagesize (void);
 
-s64 current_millis(void);
+s64 current_micros(void);
 
diff --git a/vm/primitives.c b/vm/primitives.c
index 69e77f81ed..135d5478ea 100755
--- a/vm/primitives.c
+++ b/vm/primitives.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void *primitives[] = {
 	primitive_exit,
 	primitive_data_room,
 	primitive_code_room,
-	primitive_millis,
+	primitive_micros,
 	primitive_modify_code_heap,
 	primitive_dlopen,
 	primitive_dlsym,
@@ -140,4 +140,6 @@ void *primitives[] = {
 	primitive_dll_validp,
 	primitive_unimplemented,
 	primitive_gc_reset,
+	primitive_jit_compile,
+	primitive_load_locals,
 };
diff --git a/vm/primitives.h b/vm/primitives.h
index 811b473acd..30e0a4af96 100644
--- a/vm/primitives.h
+++ b/vm/primitives.h
@@ -1,42 +1 @@
 extern void *primitives[];
-
-/* Primitives are called with two parameters, the word itself and the current
-callstack pointer. The DEFINE_PRIMITIVE() macro takes care of boilerplate to
-save the current callstack pointer so that GC and other facilities can proceed
-to inspect Factor stack frames below the primitive's C stack frame.
-
-Usage:
-
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(name)
-{
-	... CODE ...
-}
-
-Becomes
-
-F_FASTCALL void primitive_name(CELL word, F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top)
-{
-	save_callstack_top(callstack_top);
-	... CODE ...
-}
-
-On x86, F_FASTCALL expands into a GCC declaration which forces the two
-parameters to be passed in registers. This simplifies the quotation compiler
-and support code in cpu-x86.S.
-
-We do the assignment of stack_chain->callstack_top in a ``noinline'' function
-to inhibit assignment re-ordering. */
-#define DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(name) \
-	INLINE void primitive_##name##_impl(void); \
-	\
-	F_FASTCALL void primitive_##name(CELL word, F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top) \
-	{ \
-		save_callstack_top(callstack_top); \
-		primitive_##name##_impl(); \
-	} \
-	\
-	INLINE void primitive_##name##_impl(void) \
-
-/* Prototype for header files */
-#define DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(name) \
-	F_FASTCALL void primitive_##name(CELL word, F_STACK_FRAME *callstack_top)
diff --git a/vm/profiler.c b/vm/profiler.c
index 27e903178b..e3db67964f 100755
--- a/vm/profiler.c
+++ b/vm/profiler.c
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ F_COMPILED *compile_profiling_stub(F_WORD *word)
 /* Allocates memory */
 void update_word_xt(F_WORD *word)
 {
-	/* If we just enabled the profiler, reset call count */
 	if(profiling_p)
 	{
 		if(!word->profiling)
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ void set_profiling(bool profiling)
 	iterate_code_heap(relocate_code_block);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(profiling)
+void primitive_profiling(void)
 {
 	set_profiling(to_boolean(dpop()));
 }
diff --git a/vm/profiler.h b/vm/profiler.h
index d14ceb283b..26a3a78d4b 100755
--- a/vm/profiler.h
+++ b/vm/profiler.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 bool profiling_p;
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(profiling);
+void primitive_profiling(void);
 F_COMPILED *compile_profiling_stub(F_WORD *word);
 void update_word_xt(F_WORD *word);
diff --git a/vm/quotations.c b/vm/quotations.c
index b75d3f79e0..a187fecbbb 100755
--- a/vm/quotations.c
+++ b/vm/quotations.c
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ The non-optimizing compiler compiles a quotation at a time by concatenating
 machine code chunks; prolog, epilog, call word, jump to word, etc. These machine
 code chunks are generated from Factor code in core/cpu/.../bootstrap.factor.
 
+Calls to words and constant quotations (referenced by conditionals and dips)
+are direct jumps to machine code blocks. Literals are also referenced directly
+without going through the literal table.
+
 It actually does do a little bit of very simple optimization:
 
 1) Tail call optimization.
@@ -21,12 +25,15 @@ generated.
 'if' and 'dispatch' conditionals are generated inline, instead of as a call to
 the 'if' word.
 
-4) When preceded by an array, calls to the 'declare' word are optimized out
+4) When preceded by a quotation, calls to 'dip', '2dip' and '3dip' are
+open-coded as retain stack manipulation surrounding a subroutine call.
+
+5) When preceded by an array, calls to the 'declare' word are optimized out
 entirely. This word is only used by the optimizing compiler, and with the
 non-optimizing compiler it would otherwise just decrease performance to have to
 push the array and immediately drop it after.
 
-5) Sub-primitives are primitive words which are implemented in assembly and not
+6) Sub-primitives are primitive words which are implemented in assembly and not
 in the VM. They are open-coded and no subroutine call is generated. This
 includes stack shufflers, some fixnum arithmetic words, and words such as tag,
 slot and eq?. A primitive call is relatively expensive (two subroutine calls)
@@ -54,6 +61,27 @@ bool jit_fast_dispatch_p(F_ARRAY *array, CELL i)
 		&& array_nth(array,i + 1) == userenv[JIT_DISPATCH_WORD];
 }
 
+bool jit_fast_dip_p(F_ARRAY *array, CELL i)
+{
+	return (i + 2) <= array_capacity(array)
+		&& type_of(array_nth(array,i)) == QUOTATION_TYPE
+		&& array_nth(array,i + 1) == userenv[JIT_DIP_WORD];
+}
+
+bool jit_fast_2dip_p(F_ARRAY *array, CELL i)
+{
+	return (i + 2) <= array_capacity(array)
+		&& type_of(array_nth(array,i)) == QUOTATION_TYPE
+		&& array_nth(array,i + 1) == userenv[JIT_2DIP_WORD];
+}
+
+bool jit_fast_3dip_p(F_ARRAY *array, CELL i)
+{
+	return (i + 2) <= array_capacity(array)
+		&& type_of(array_nth(array,i)) == QUOTATION_TYPE
+		&& array_nth(array,i + 1) == userenv[JIT_3DIP_WORD];
+}
+
 bool jit_ignore_declare_p(F_ARRAY *array, CELL i)
 {
 	return (i + 1) < array_capacity(array)
@@ -115,6 +143,13 @@ bool jit_stack_frame_p(F_ARRAY *array)
 			if(word->subprimitive == F && obj != userenv[JIT_DECLARE_WORD])
 				return true;
 		}
+		else if(type_of(obj) == QUOTATION_TYPE)
+		{
+			if(jit_fast_dip_p(array,i)
+				|| jit_fast_2dip_p(array,i)
+				|| jit_fast_3dip_p(array,i))
+				return true;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return false;
@@ -204,11 +239,12 @@ void jit_compile(CELL quot, bool relocate)
 		case WRAPPER_TYPE:
 			wrapper = untag_object(obj);
 			GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,wrapper->object);
-			EMIT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_LITERAL],literals_count - 1);
+			EMIT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE],literals_count - 1);
 			break;
 		case FIXNUM_TYPE:
 			if(jit_primitive_call_p(untag_object(array),i))
 			{
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_SAVE_STACK],0);
 				EMIT(userenv[JIT_PRIMITIVE],to_fixnum(obj));
 
 				i++;
@@ -222,15 +258,49 @@ void jit_compile(CELL quot, bool relocate)
 				if(stack_frame)
 					EMIT(userenv[JIT_EPILOG],0);
 
+				jit_compile(array_nth(untag_object(array),i),relocate);
+				jit_compile(array_nth(untag_object(array),i + 1),relocate);
+
 				GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,array_nth(untag_object(array),i));
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_IF_1],literals_count - 1);
 				GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,array_nth(untag_object(array),i + 1));
-				EMIT(userenv[JIT_IF_JUMP],literals_count - 2);
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_IF_2],literals_count - 1);
 
 				i += 2;
 
 				tail_call = true;
 				break;
 			}
+			else if(jit_fast_dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				jit_compile(obj,relocate);
+
+				GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,array_nth(untag_object(array),i));
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_DIP],literals_count - 1);
+
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
+			else if(jit_fast_2dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				jit_compile(obj,relocate);
+
+				GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,array_nth(untag_object(array),i));
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_2DIP],literals_count - 1);
+
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
+			else if(jit_fast_3dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				jit_compile(obj,relocate);
+
+				GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,array_nth(untag_object(array),i));
+				EMIT(userenv[JIT_3DIP],literals_count - 1);
+
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
 		case ARRAY_TYPE:
 			if(jit_fast_dispatch_p(untag_object(array),i))
 			{
@@ -252,7 +322,7 @@ void jit_compile(CELL quot, bool relocate)
 			}
 		default:
 			GROWABLE_ARRAY_ADD(literals,obj);
-			EMIT(userenv[immediate_p(obj) ? JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE : JIT_PUSH_LITERAL],literals_count - 1);
+			EMIT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE],literals_count - 1);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -295,8 +365,10 @@ worse than the duplication itself (eg, putting all state in some global
 struct.) */
 #define COUNT(name,scan) \
 	{ \
+		CELL size = array_capacity(code_to_emit(name)) * code_format; \
 		if(offset == 0) return scan - 1; \
-		offset -= array_capacity(code_to_emit(name)) * code_format; \
+		if(offset < size) return scan + 1; \
+		offset -= size; \
 	}
 
 F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset)
@@ -339,11 +411,12 @@ F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset)
 				COUNT(userenv[JIT_WORD_CALL],i)
 			break;
 		case WRAPPER_TYPE:
-			COUNT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_LITERAL],i)
+			COUNT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE],i)
 			break;
 		case FIXNUM_TYPE:
 			if(jit_primitive_call_p(untag_object(array),i))
 			{
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_SAVE_STACK],i);
 				COUNT(userenv[JIT_PRIMITIVE],i);
 
 				i++;
@@ -357,13 +430,31 @@ F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset)
 				if(stack_frame)
 					COUNT(userenv[JIT_EPILOG],i)
 
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_IF_1],i)
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_IF_2],i)
 				i += 2;
 
-				COUNT(userenv[JIT_IF_JUMP],i)
-
 				tail_call = true;
 				break;
 			}
+			else if(jit_fast_dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_DIP],i)
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
+			else if(jit_fast_2dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_2DIP],i)
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
+			else if(jit_fast_3dip_p(untag_object(array),i))
+			{
+				COUNT(userenv[JIT_3DIP],i)
+				i++;
+				break;
+			}
 		case ARRAY_TYPE:
 			if(jit_fast_dispatch_p(untag_object(array),i))
 			{
@@ -386,7 +477,7 @@ F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset)
 				break;
 			}
 		default:
-			COUNT(userenv[immediate_p(obj) ? JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE : JIT_PUSH_LITERAL],i)
+			COUNT(userenv[JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE],i)
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -402,7 +493,7 @@ F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-F_FASTCALL CELL primitive_jit_compile(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *stack)
+F_FASTCALL CELL lazy_jit_compile_impl(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *stack)
 {
 	stack_chain->callstack_top = stack;
 	REGISTER_ROOT(quot);
@@ -411,8 +502,13 @@ F_FASTCALL CELL primitive_jit_compile(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *stack)
 	return quot;
 }
 
+void primitive_jit_compile(void)
+{
+	jit_compile(dpop(),true);
+}
+
 /* push a new quotation on the stack */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(array_to_quotation)
+void primitive_array_to_quotation(void)
 {
 	F_QUOTATION *quot = allot_object(QUOTATION_TYPE,sizeof(F_QUOTATION));
 	quot->array = dpeek();
@@ -421,7 +517,7 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(array_to_quotation)
 	drepl(tag_object(quot));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(quotation_xt)
+void primitive_quotation_xt(void)
 {
 	F_QUOTATION *quot = untag_quotation(dpeek());
 	drepl(allot_cell((CELL)quot->xt));
diff --git a/vm/quotations.h b/vm/quotations.h
index 0845957c0b..ff84977fd9 100755
--- a/vm/quotations.h
+++ b/vm/quotations.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 void set_quot_xt(F_QUOTATION *quot, F_COMPILED *code);
 void jit_compile(CELL quot, bool relocate);
-F_FASTCALL CELL primitive_jit_compile(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *stack);
+F_FASTCALL CELL lazy_jit_compile_impl(CELL quot, F_STACK_FRAME *stack);
 F_FIXNUM quot_code_offset_to_scan(CELL quot, F_FIXNUM offset);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(array_to_quotation);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(quotation_xt);
+void primitive_array_to_quotation(void);
+void primitive_quotation_xt(void);
+void primitive_jit_compile(void);
diff --git a/vm/run.c b/vm/run.c
index c4a3e115c1..c7002eb0ec 100755
--- a/vm/run.c
+++ b/vm/run.c
@@ -29,10 +29,35 @@ void save_stacks(void)
 	}
 }
 
+F_CONTEXT *alloc_context(void)
+{
+	F_CONTEXT *context;
+
+	if(unused_contexts)
+	{
+		context = unused_contexts;
+		unused_contexts = unused_contexts->next;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		context = safe_malloc(sizeof(F_CONTEXT));
+		context->datastack_region = alloc_segment(ds_size);
+		context->retainstack_region = alloc_segment(rs_size);
+	}
+
+	return context;
+}
+
+void dealloc_context(F_CONTEXT *context)
+{
+	context->next = unused_contexts;
+	unused_contexts = context;
+}
+
 /* called on entry into a compiled callback */
 void nest_stacks(void)
 {
-	F_CONTEXT *new_stacks = safe_malloc(sizeof(F_CONTEXT));
+	F_CONTEXT *new_stacks = alloc_context();
 
 	new_stacks->callstack_bottom = (F_STACK_FRAME *)-1;
 	new_stacks->callstack_top = (F_STACK_FRAME *)-1;
@@ -54,9 +79,6 @@ void nest_stacks(void)
 	new_stacks->current_callback_save = userenv[CURRENT_CALLBACK_ENV];
 	new_stacks->catchstack_save = userenv[CATCHSTACK_ENV];
 
-	new_stacks->datastack_region = alloc_segment(ds_size);
-	new_stacks->retainstack_region = alloc_segment(rs_size);
-
 	new_stacks->next = stack_chain;
 	stack_chain = new_stacks;
 
@@ -67,9 +89,6 @@ void nest_stacks(void)
 /* called when leaving a compiled callback */
 void unnest_stacks(void)
 {
-	dealloc_segment(stack_chain->datastack_region);
-	dealloc_segment(stack_chain->retainstack_region);
-
 	ds = stack_chain->datastack_save;
 	rs = stack_chain->retainstack_save;
 
@@ -79,7 +98,7 @@ void unnest_stacks(void)
 
 	F_CONTEXT *old_stacks = stack_chain;
 	stack_chain = old_stacks->next;
-	free(old_stacks);
+	dealloc_context(old_stacks);
 }
 
 /* called on startup */
@@ -88,6 +107,7 @@ void init_stacks(CELL ds_size_, CELL rs_size_)
 	ds_size = ds_size_;
 	rs_size = rs_size_;
 	stack_chain = NULL;
+	unused_contexts = NULL;
 }
 
 bool stack_to_array(CELL bottom, CELL top)
@@ -105,13 +125,13 @@ bool stack_to_array(CELL bottom, CELL top)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(datastack)
+void primitive_datastack(void)
 {
 	if(!stack_to_array(ds_bot,ds))
 		general_error(ERROR_DS_UNDERFLOW,F,F,NULL);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(retainstack)
+void primitive_retainstack(void)
 {
 	if(!stack_to_array(rs_bot,rs))
 		general_error(ERROR_RS_UNDERFLOW,F,F,NULL);
@@ -125,48 +145,56 @@ CELL array_to_stack(F_ARRAY *array, CELL bottom)
 	return bottom + depth - CELLS;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_datastack)
+void primitive_set_datastack(void)
 {
 	ds = array_to_stack(untag_array(dpop()),ds_bot);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_retainstack)
+void primitive_set_retainstack(void)
 {
 	rs = array_to_stack(untag_array(dpop()),rs_bot);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(getenv)
+void primitive_getenv(void)
 {
 	F_FIXNUM e = untag_fixnum_fast(dpeek());
 	drepl(userenv[e]);
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(setenv)
+void primitive_setenv(void)
 {
 	F_FIXNUM e = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
 	CELL value = dpop();
 	userenv[e] = value;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(exit)
+void primitive_exit(void)
 {
 	exit(to_fixnum(dpop()));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(millis)
+void primitive_micros(void)
 {
-	box_unsigned_8(current_millis());
+	box_unsigned_8(current_micros());
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(sleep)
+void primitive_sleep(void)
 {
-	sleep_millis(to_cell(dpop()));
+	sleep_micros(to_cell(dpop()));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_slot)
+void primitive_set_slot(void)
 {
 	F_FIXNUM slot = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
 	CELL obj = dpop();
 	CELL value = dpop();
 	set_slot(obj,slot,value);
 }
+
+void primitive_load_locals(void)
+{
+	F_FIXNUM count = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
+	memcpy((CELL *)(rs + CELLS),(CELL *)(ds - CELLS * (count - 1)),CELLS * count);
+	ds -= CELLS * count;
+	rs += CELLS * count;
+}
diff --git a/vm/run.h b/vm/run.h
index 96e606e38c..06b6317015 100755
--- a/vm/run.h
+++ b/vm/run.h
@@ -39,17 +39,23 @@ typedef enum {
 	JIT_PRIMITIVE,
 	JIT_WORD_JUMP,
 	JIT_WORD_CALL,
-	JIT_PUSH_LITERAL,
 	JIT_IF_WORD,
-	JIT_IF_JUMP,
+	JIT_IF_1,
+	JIT_IF_2,
 	JIT_DISPATCH_WORD,
 	JIT_DISPATCH,
 	JIT_EPILOG,
 	JIT_RETURN,
 	JIT_PROFILING,
 	JIT_PUSH_IMMEDIATE,
-
 	JIT_DECLARE_WORD    = 42,
+	JIT_SAVE_STACK,
+	JIT_DIP_WORD,
+	JIT_DIP,
+	JIT_2DIP_WORD,
+	JIT_2DIP,
+	JIT_3DIP_WORD,
+	JIT_3DIP,
 
 	STACK_TRACES_ENV    = 59,
 
@@ -211,6 +217,8 @@ typedef struct _F_CONTEXT {
 
 DLLEXPORT F_CONTEXT *stack_chain;
 
+F_CONTEXT *unused_contexts;
+
 CELL ds_size, rs_size;
 
 #define ds_bot (stack_chain->datastack_region->start)
@@ -226,18 +234,19 @@ DLLEXPORT void nest_stacks(void);
 DLLEXPORT void unnest_stacks(void);
 void init_stacks(CELL ds_size, CELL rs_size);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(datastack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(retainstack);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(getenv);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(setenv);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(exit);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(os_env);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(os_envs);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_os_env);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(unset_os_env);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_os_envs);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(millis);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(sleep);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_slot);
+void primitive_datastack(void);
+void primitive_retainstack(void);
+void primitive_getenv(void);
+void primitive_setenv(void);
+void primitive_exit(void);
+void primitive_os_env(void);
+void primitive_os_envs(void);
+void primitive_set_os_env(void);
+void primitive_unset_os_env(void);
+void primitive_set_os_envs(void);
+void primitive_micros(void);
+void primitive_sleep(void);
+void primitive_set_slot(void);
+void primitive_load_locals(void);
 
 bool stage2;
diff --git a/vm/types.c b/vm/types.c
index 5e2ed4bed9..d6e78013cb 100755
--- a/vm/types.c
+++ b/vm/types.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ CELL clone_object(CELL object)
 	}
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(clone)
+void primitive_clone(void)
 {
 	drepl(clone_object(dpeek()));
 }
@@ -61,11 +61,14 @@ F_WORD *allot_word(CELL vocab, CELL name)
 	update_word_xt(word);
 	UNREGISTER_UNTAGGED(word);
 
+	if(profiling_p)
+		iterate_code_heap_step(word->profiling,relocate_code_block);
+
 	return word;
 }
 
 /* <word> ( name vocabulary -- word ) */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(word)
+void primitive_word(void)
 {
 	CELL vocab = dpop();
 	CELL name = dpop();
@@ -73,15 +76,15 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(word)
 }
 
 /* word-xt ( word -- start end ) */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(word_xt)
+void primitive_word_xt(void)
 {
 	F_WORD *word = untag_word(dpop());
-	F_COMPILED *code = word->code;
+	F_COMPILED *code = (profiling_p ? word->profiling : word->code);
 	dpush(allot_cell((CELL)code + sizeof(F_COMPILED)));
 	dpush(allot_cell((CELL)code + sizeof(F_COMPILED) + code->code_length));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(wrapper)
+void primitive_wrapper(void)
 {
 	F_WRAPPER *wrapper = allot_object(WRAPPER_TYPE,sizeof(F_WRAPPER));
 	wrapper->object = dpeek();
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ F_ARRAY *allot_array(CELL type, CELL capacity, CELL fill)
 }
 
 /* push a new array on the stack */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(array)
+void primitive_array(void)
 {
 	CELL initial = dpop();
 	CELL size = unbox_array_size();
@@ -136,18 +139,6 @@ CELL allot_array_1(CELL obj)
 	return tag_object(a);
 }
 
-CELL allot_array_2(CELL v1, CELL v2)
-{
-	REGISTER_ROOT(v1);
-	REGISTER_ROOT(v2);
-	F_ARRAY *a = allot_array_internal(ARRAY_TYPE,2);
-	UNREGISTER_ROOT(v2);
-	UNREGISTER_ROOT(v1);
-	set_array_nth(a,0,v1);
-	set_array_nth(a,1,v2);
-	return tag_object(a);
-}
-
 CELL allot_array_4(CELL v1, CELL v2, CELL v3, CELL v4)
 {
 	REGISTER_ROOT(v1);
@@ -191,7 +182,7 @@ F_ARRAY *reallot_array(F_ARRAY* array, CELL capacity, CELL fill)
 	return new_array;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(resize_array)
+void primitive_resize_array(void)
 {
 	F_ARRAY* array = untag_array(dpop());
 	CELL capacity = unbox_array_size();
@@ -256,7 +247,7 @@ F_BYTE_ARRAY *allot_byte_array(CELL size)
 }
 
 /* push a new byte array on the stack */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(byte_array)
+void primitive_byte_array(void)
 {
 	CELL size = unbox_array_size();
 	dpush(tag_object(allot_byte_array(size)));
@@ -277,7 +268,7 @@ F_BYTE_ARRAY *reallot_byte_array(F_BYTE_ARRAY *array, CELL capacity)
 	return new_array;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(resize_byte_array)
+void primitive_resize_byte_array(void)
 {
 	F_BYTE_ARRAY* array = untag_byte_array(dpop());
 	CELL capacity = unbox_array_size();
@@ -310,7 +301,7 @@ F_TUPLE *allot_tuple(F_TUPLE_LAYOUT *layout)
 	return tuple;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(tuple)
+void primitive_tuple(void)
 {
 	F_TUPLE_LAYOUT *layout = untag_object(dpop());
 	F_FIXNUM size = untag_fixnum_fast(layout->size);
@@ -324,19 +315,13 @@ DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(tuple)
 }
 
 /* push a new tuple on the stack, filling its slots from the stack */
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(tuple_boa)
+void primitive_tuple_boa(void)
 {
 	F_TUPLE_LAYOUT *layout = untag_object(dpop());
 	F_FIXNUM size = untag_fixnum_fast(layout->size);
-
-	REGISTER_UNTAGGED(layout);
 	F_TUPLE *tuple = allot_tuple(layout);
-	UNREGISTER_UNTAGGED(layout);
-
-	F_FIXNUM i;
-	for(i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-		put(AREF(tuple,i),dpop());
-
+	memcpy(tuple + 1,(CELL *)(ds - CELLS * (size - 1)),CELLS * size);
+	ds -= CELLS * size;
 	dpush(tag_tuple(tuple));
 }
 
@@ -431,7 +416,7 @@ F_STRING *allot_string(CELL capacity, CELL fill)
 	return string;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(string)
+void primitive_string(void)
 {
 	CELL initial = to_cell(dpop());
 	CELL length = unbox_array_size();
@@ -474,7 +459,7 @@ F_STRING* reallot_string(F_STRING* string, CELL capacity, CELL fill)
 	return new_string;
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(resize_string)
+void primitive_resize_string(void)
 {
 	F_STRING* string = untag_string(dpop());
 	CELL capacity = unbox_array_size();
@@ -541,7 +526,7 @@ F_BYTE_ARRAY *allot_c_string(CELL capacity, CELL size)
 		for(i = 0; i < capacity; i++) \
 			string[i] = string_nth(s,i); \
 	} \
-	DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(type##_string_to_memory) \
+	void primitive_##type##_string_to_memory(void) \
 	{ \
 		type *address = unbox_alien(); \
 		F_STRING *str = untag_string(dpop()); \
@@ -573,14 +558,14 @@ F_BYTE_ARRAY *allot_c_string(CELL capacity, CELL size)
 STRING_TO_MEMORY(char);
 STRING_TO_MEMORY(u16);
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(string_nth)
+void primitive_string_nth(void)
 {
 	F_STRING *string = untag_object(dpop());
 	CELL index = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
 	dpush(tag_fixnum(string_nth(string,index)));
 }
 
-DEFINE_PRIMITIVE(set_string_nth)
+void primitive_set_string_nth(void)
 {
 	F_STRING *string = untag_object(dpop());
 	CELL index = untag_fixnum_fast(dpop());
diff --git a/vm/types.h b/vm/types.h
index 6efae35f5e..47747547db 100755
--- a/vm/types.h
+++ b/vm/types.h
@@ -109,26 +109,25 @@ F_ARRAY *allot_array(CELL type, CELL capacity, CELL fill);
 F_BYTE_ARRAY *allot_byte_array(CELL size);
 
 CELL allot_array_1(CELL obj);
-CELL allot_array_2(CELL v1, CELL v2);
 CELL allot_array_4(CELL v1, CELL v2, CELL v3, CELL v4);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(array);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(tuple);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(tuple_boa);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(tuple_layout);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(byte_array);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(clone);
+void primitive_array(void);
+void primitive_tuple(void);
+void primitive_tuple_boa(void);
+void primitive_tuple_layout(void);
+void primitive_byte_array(void);
+void primitive_clone(void);
 
 F_ARRAY *reallot_array(F_ARRAY* array, CELL capacity, CELL fill);
 F_BYTE_ARRAY *reallot_byte_array(F_BYTE_ARRAY *array, CELL capacity);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(resize_array);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(resize_byte_array);
+void primitive_resize_array(void);
+void primitive_resize_byte_array(void);
 
 F_STRING* allot_string_internal(CELL capacity);
 F_STRING* allot_string(CELL capacity, CELL fill);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(string);
+void primitive_string(void);
 F_STRING *reallot_string(F_STRING *string, CELL capacity, CELL fill);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(resize_string);
+void primitive_resize_string(void);
 
 F_STRING *memory_to_char_string(const char *string, CELL length);
 F_STRING *from_char_string(const char *c_string);
@@ -152,14 +151,14 @@ DLLEXPORT u16 *unbox_u16_string(void);
 CELL string_nth(F_STRING* string, CELL index);
 void set_string_nth(F_STRING* string, CELL index, CELL value);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(string_nth);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(set_string_nth);
+void primitive_string_nth(void);
+void primitive_set_string_nth(void);
 
 F_WORD *allot_word(CELL vocab, CELL name);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(word);
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(word_xt);
+void primitive_word(void);
+void primitive_word_xt(void);
 
-DECLARE_PRIMITIVE(wrapper);
+void primitive_wrapper(void);
 
 /* Macros to simulate a vector in C */
 #define GROWABLE_ARRAY(result) \
diff --git a/vm/utilities.c b/vm/utilities.c
index ebc8e87977..d97b540884 100755
--- a/vm/utilities.c
+++ b/vm/utilities.c
@@ -14,3 +14,42 @@ F_CHAR *safe_strdup(const F_CHAR *str)
 	if(!ptr) fatal_error("Out of memory in safe_strdup", 0);
 	return ptr;
 }
+
+/* We don't use printf directly, because format directives are not portable.
+Instead we define the common cases here. */
+void nl(void)
+{
+	fputs("\n",stdout);
+}
+
+void print_string(const char *str)
+{
+	fputs(str,stdout);
+}
+
+void print_cell(CELL x)
+{
+	printf(CELL_FORMAT,x);
+}
+
+void print_cell_hex(CELL x)
+{
+	printf(CELL_HEX_FORMAT,x);
+}
+
+void print_cell_hex_pad(CELL x)
+{
+	printf(CELL_HEX_PAD_FORMAT,x);
+}
+
+void print_fixnum(F_FIXNUM x)
+{
+	printf(FIXNUM_FORMAT,x);
+}
+
+CELL read_cell_hex(void)
+{
+	CELL cell;
+	scanf(CELL_HEX_FORMAT,&cell);
+	return cell;
+};
diff --git a/vm/utilities.h b/vm/utilities.h
index 89a8ba57a3..d2b3223ce4 100755
--- a/vm/utilities.h
+++ b/vm/utilities.h
@@ -1,2 +1,10 @@
 void *safe_malloc(size_t size);
 F_CHAR *safe_strdup(const F_CHAR *str);
+
+void nl(void);
+void print_string(const char *str);
+void print_cell(CELL x);
+void print_cell_hex(CELL x);
+void print_cell_hex_pad(CELL x);
+void print_fixnum(F_FIXNUM x);
+CELL read_cell_hex(void);