diff --git a/core/assocs/assocs.factor b/core/assocs/assocs.factor
index 5079420b54..799a6eb367 100644
--- a/core/assocs/assocs.factor
+++ b/core/assocs/assocs.factor
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ M: assoc assoc-find
     inline
 
 : assoc-push-if ( key value quot accum -- )
-    >r 2over 2slip r> roll
+    >r 2keep r> roll
     [ >r 2array r> push ] [ 3drop ] if ; inline
 
 : assoc-pusher ( quot -- quot' accum )
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ M: assoc assoc-find
 : assoc-subset ( assoc quot -- subassoc )
     over >r assoc-pusher >r assoc-each r> r> assoc-like ; inline
 
-: assoc-all? ( assoc quot -- ? )
-    [ not ] compose assoc-find 2nip not ; inline
-
 : assoc-contains? ( assoc quot -- ? )
     assoc-find 2nip ; inline
 
+: assoc-all? ( assoc quot -- ? )
+    [ not ] compose assoc-contains? not ; inline
+
 : at ( key assoc -- value/f )
     at* drop ; inline
 
diff --git a/core/threads/threads.factor b/core/threads/threads.factor
index 7a67d1b531..ee136654df 100644
--- a/core/threads/threads.factor
+++ b/core/threads/threads.factor
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ PRIVATE>
 
 : stop ( -- )
     walker-hook [
-        f swap continue-with
+        continue
     ] [
         run-queue pop-back dup array?
         [ first2 continue-with ] [ continue ] if
diff --git a/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor b/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
index 910410c84c..8db65e2eac 100755
--- a/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
+++ b/core/vocabs/vocabs.factor
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ M: vocab-link vocab-name vocab-link-name ;
 UNION: vocab-spec vocab vocab-link ;
 
 : forget-vocab ( vocab -- )
-    dup vocab-words values forget-all
+    dup words forget-all
     vocab-name dictionary get delete-at ;
 
 M: vocab-spec forget* forget-vocab ;
diff --git a/extra/benchmark/nsieve-bits/nsieve-bits.factor b/extra/benchmark/nsieve-bits/nsieve-bits.factor
index 46ebc6595e..fe70246cb5 100644
--- a/extra/benchmark/nsieve-bits/nsieve-bits.factor
+++ b/extra/benchmark/nsieve-bits/nsieve-bits.factor
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ bit-arrays namespaces io ;
 
 : nsieve-bits-main ( n -- )
     dup 2^ 10000 * nsieve-bits.
-    dup 1 - 2^ 10000 * nsieve-bits.
+    dup 1- 2^ 10000 * nsieve-bits.
     2 - 2^ 10000 * nsieve-bits. ;
 
 : nsieve-bits-main* 11 nsieve-bits-main ;
diff --git a/extra/calendar/calendar.factor b/extra/calendar/calendar.factor
index 4e473279fa..c9b62ce7aa 100755
--- a/extra/calendar/calendar.factor
+++ b/extra/calendar/calendar.factor
@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ SYMBOL: m
 : zero-dt ( -- <dt> ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 <dt> ;
 : years ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-year ] keep ;
 : months ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-month ] keep ;
-: weeks ( n -- dt ) 7 * zero-dt [ set-dt-day ] keep ;
 : days ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-day ] keep ;
+: weeks ( n -- dt ) 7 * days ;
 : hours ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-hour ] keep ;
 : minutes ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-minute ] keep ;
 : seconds ( n -- dt ) zero-dt [ set-dt-second ] keep ;
-: milliseconds ( n -- dt ) 1000 /f zero-dt [ set-dt-second ] keep ;
+: milliseconds ( n -- dt ) 1000 /f seconds ;
 
 : julian-day-number>timestamp ( n -- timestamp )
     julian-day-number>date 0 0 0 0 <timestamp> ;
@@ -259,10 +259,7 @@ M: timestamp <=> ( ts1 ts2 -- n )
     1+ + 7 mod ;
 
 : day-of-week ( timestamp -- n )
-    [ timestamp-year ] keep
-    [ timestamp-month ] keep
-    timestamp-day
-    zeller-congruence ;
+    >date< zeller-congruence ;
 
 : day-of-year ( timestamp -- n )
     [
diff --git a/extra/crypto/common/common.factor b/extra/crypto/common/common.factor
index e98f0cd959..3ac551d114 100644
--- a/extra/crypto/common/common.factor
+++ b/extra/crypto/common/common.factor
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ SYMBOL: big-endian?
     ] "" make 64 group ;
 
 : shift-mod ( n s w -- n )
-    >r shift r> 1 swap shift 1 - bitand ; inline
+    >r shift r> 2^ 1- bitand ; inline
 
 : update-old-new ( old new -- )
     [ get >r get r> ] 2keep >r >r w+ dup r> set r> set ; inline
diff --git a/extra/crypto/sha1/sha1.factor b/extra/crypto/sha1/sha1.factor
index e7ecc4e151..6906ce2b9a 100644
--- a/extra/crypto/sha1/sha1.factor
+++ b/extra/crypto/sha1/sha1.factor
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ SYMBOL: K
 : string>sha1-bignum ( string -- n ) string>sha1 be> ;
 : file>sha1 ( file -- sha1 ) <file-reader> stream>sha1 ;
 
-: string>sha1-interleave ( string -- )
+: string>sha1-interleave ( string -- seq )
     [ zero? ] left-trim
     dup length odd? [ 1 tail ] when
     seq>2seq [ string>sha1 ] 2apply
diff --git a/extra/editors/gvim/backend/backend.factor b/extra/editors/gvim/backend/backend.factor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2e2f0626e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extra/editors/gvim/backend/backend.factor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+USING: io.backend ;
+IN: editors.gvim.backend
+
+HOOK: gvim-path io-backend ( -- path )
diff --git a/extra/editors/gvim/gvim.factor b/extra/editors/gvim/gvim.factor
index 8b3573d03e..775d008963 100755
--- a/extra/editors/gvim/gvim.factor
+++ b/extra/editors/gvim/gvim.factor
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 USING: io.backend io.files kernel math math.parser
-namespaces editors.vim sequences system combinators
-vocabs.loader ;
+namespaces sequences system combinators
+editors.vim editors.gvim.backend vocabs.loader ;
 IN: editors.gvim
 
 TUPLE: gvim ;
 
-HOOK: gvim-path io-backend ( -- path )
-
-
 M: gvim vim-command ( file line -- string )
     [ "\"" % gvim-path % "\" \"" % swap % "\" +" % # ] "" make ;
 
diff --git a/extra/editors/gvim/unix/unix.factor b/extra/editors/gvim/unix/unix.factor
index fd295cc9e9..a7de09c013 100644
--- a/extra/editors/gvim/unix/unix.factor
+++ b/extra/editors/gvim/unix/unix.factor
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-USING: editors.gvim io.unix.backend kernel namespaces ;
+USING: io.unix.backend kernel namespaces editors.gvim.backend ;
 IN: editors.gvim.unix
 
 M: unix-io gvim-path
diff --git a/extra/http/client/client.factor b/extra/http/client/client.factor
index 08c5185cd2..f117a4fda1 100644
--- a/extra/http/client/client.factor
+++ b/extra/http/client/client.factor
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ IN: http.client
 : crlf "\r\n" write ;
 
 : http-request ( host resource method -- )
-    write " " write write " HTTP/1.0" write crlf
+    write bl write " HTTP/1.0" write crlf
     "Host: " write write crlf ;
 
 : get-request ( host resource -- )
diff --git a/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor b/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
index 66d5793f93..de5a262268 100644
--- a/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
+++ b/extra/math/miller-rabin/miller-rabin.factor
@@ -20,12 +20,19 @@ SYMBOL: trials
 
 : random-bits ( m -- n ) 2^ random ; foldable
 
-: factor-2s ( zero n -- r s )
-    #! factor an even number into 2 ^ s * m
-    dup even? [ -1 shift >r 1+ r> factor-2s ] when ;
+TUPLE: positive-even-expected n ;
+
+: (factor-2s) ( r s -- r s )
+    dup even? [ -1 shift >r 1+ r> (factor-2s) ] when ;
+
+: factor-2s ( n -- r s )
+    #! factor an even number into s * 2 ^ r
+    dup even? over 0 > and [
+        positive-even-expected construct-boa throw
+    ] unless 0 swap (factor-2s) ;
 
 :: (miller-rabin) | n prime?! |
-    0 n 1- factor-2s s set r set
+    n 1- factor-2s s set r set
     trials get [
         n 1- [1,b] random a set
         a get s get n ^mod 1 = [
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ TUPLE: miller-rabin-bounds ;
     >odd (find-relative-prime) ;
 
 : find-relative-prime ( n -- p )
-    dup random >odd (find-relative-prime) ;
+    dup random find-relative-prime* ;
 
 : unique-primes ( numbits n -- seq )
     #! generate two primes
diff --git a/extra/openal/other/other.factor b/extra/openal/other/other.factor
index 08b12426b3..e32b007973 100644
--- a/extra/openal/other/other.factor
+++ b/extra/openal/other/other.factor
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 ! See http://factorcode.org/license.txt for BSD license.
 !
 IN: openal.other
-USING: openal alien.c-types kernel alien alien.syntax shuffle combinators.lib ;
+USING: openal.backend alien.c-types kernel alien alien.syntax shuffle combinators.lib ;
 
 LIBRARY: alut
 
 FUNCTION: void alutLoadWAVFile ( ALbyte* fileName, ALenum* format, void** data, ALsizei* size, ALsizei* frequency, ALboolean* looping ) ;
 
-M: other-openal-impl load-wav-file ( filename -- format data size frequency )
+M: other-openal-backend load-wav-file ( filename -- format data size frequency )
   0 <int> f <void*> 0 <int> 0 <int>
   [ 0 <char> alutLoadWAVFile ] 4keep
   >r >r >r *int r> *void* r> *int r> *int ;
diff --git a/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor b/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
index e46ce3b107..37b00042d2 100755
--- a/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
+++ b/extra/sequences/lib/lib.factor
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ IN: sequences.lib
     ] { } make ;
 
 : singleton? ( seq -- ? )
-    length 1 = ;
+    length 1 = ; foldable
 
 : delete-random ( seq -- value )
     [ length random ] keep [ nth ] 2keep delete-nth ;